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JoshuaPrinceRamus_2009X-_建造自我重组的剧场_
I'm going to speak to you today about architectural agency . 今天我来和大家聊聊建筑事务所。
architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的; agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处;
What I mean by that is that it's time for architecture to do things again, not just represent things. 这里的“建筑”是指建筑再现的过程, 而不是简简单单的视觉表现。
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送;
This is a construction helmet that I received two years ago at the groundbreaking of the largest project 这是两年前我在我和事务所参加的有史以来 最具开拓性的项目中
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; groundbreaking:adj.开创性的;创新的;革新的
I, and my firm, have ever been involved in. 得到的一只建筑头盔。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
I was trilled to get it. I was thrilled to be the only person standing on the stage with a shiny silver helmet. 当时得到它我兴奋极了。能成为唯一一个头戴银光闪闪的头盔 站上舞台的人实在让我激动不已。
trilled:adj.颤音的;v.用颤音说(trill的过去分词); thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式) on the stage:在舞台上;现阶段;当演员; shiny:adj.闪亮的;光亮的;反光的;有光泽的; silver:n.银; v.给…镀(或包)银; adj.银色的;
I thought it represented the importance of the architect. 我觉得它就代表了那座建筑的重要性。
represented:v.代表; (represent的过去式和过去分词)
I stayed thrilled until I got home, threw the helmet onto my bed, fell down onto my bed and realized inside there was an inscription . 直到回到家里,我还激动得不行 我把头盔扔到床上, 在床上躺下,这才发现头盔里还刻了字。 （警告:这个特制的镀银头盔只能作装饰用途,无实际保护功能）
inscription:n.题词;铭文;刻印;
(Laughter) （笑）
Now, I think that this is a great metaphor for the state of architecture and architects today. 现在,我觉得这是一个深刻的隐喻 正传达了当今建筑师与建筑的情况。
metaphor:n.暗喻,隐喻;比喻说法; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
We are for decorative purposes only. 我们都只是装饰品而已。
decorative:adj.装饰性的;装潢用的;
(Laughter) （笑）
Now, who do we have to blame? 那么,这都怪谁呢？
We can only blame ourselves. Over the last 50 years the design and construction industry has gotten much more complex , and has gotten much more litigious . 只能怪我们自己。过去的这五十年来, 设计和建造业变得如此复杂 如此争强好胜。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; litigious:adj.好诉讼的;好争论的;
And we architects are cowards . 而我们建筑师却成了胆小鬼。
cowards:n.懦夫;(coward的复数)
So, as we have faced liability , we have stepped back and back, and unfortunately , where there is liability , guess what there is. 当我们面对责任, 就步步后退 但不幸的是,哪里有责任,
liability:n.责任;债务;倾向;可能性;不利因素; unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
Power. 哪里就有权利。
So, eventually we have found ourselves in a totally marginalized position, way over here. 结果就是我们最终发现自己 已经完全退到了最边缘的地方。
eventually:adv.最后,终于; marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词);
Now, what did we do? We're cowards, but we're smart cowards. 现在,我们又该怎么办呢？我们确实是胆小鬼, 但又是其中最聪明的。
And so we redefined this marginalized position as the place of architecture. 所以我们得将这块边缘地带重新设定成建筑的存在空间。
redefined:adj.重新定义的;vt.对…再加以解说;再给…下定义(redefine的过去分词);
And we announced, "Hey, architecture, it's over here, in this autonomous language we're going to seed control of processes ." 我们大声招呼,”嗨,建筑,看这儿！ 只有这种独立宣言才能 让我们掌握整个过程。”
autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
And we were going to do something that was horrible for the profession . 然后我们要对这个职业进行骇人的改造
horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, profession:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;
We actually created an artificial schism between creation and execution , as if you could actually create without knowing how to execute and as if you could actually execute without knowing how to create. 我们实际上人为地让创造和执行 分立为二, 在创意的时候完全不用考虑执行的问题 在执行的时候也不需要 知道该如何创新。
artificial:adj.人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的; schism:n.分裂;分裂教会罪; creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; execution:n.执行,实行;完成;死刑; execute:vt.实行;执行;处死;
Now, something else happened. 现在情况发生了变化。
And that's when we began to sell the world that architecture was created by individuals creating genius sketches . 以前我们告诉世界 建筑是由描绘出的天才的草图的建筑师 创造出来的。
individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); genius:n.天才;天资;才能,本领; sketches:n.[测]草图; v.素描,写生(sketch的第三人称单数);
And that the incredible amount of effort to deliver those sketches for years and years and years, is not only something to be derided , but we would merely write it off as merely execution. 许多年来,为了实现这些草图 所付出的难以想象的努力 不仅仅被嘲笑作白费力气 而且我们来说,这只是 执行问题而已。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; derided:vt.嘲笑;嘲弄; merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是;
Now I'd argue that that is absurd as stating that 30 minutes of copulation is the creative act, and nine months of gestation , and god forbid , 24 hours of child labor is merely the execution. 但是这几乎和把三十分钟的交媾称作创造, 将十月怀胎过程 以及二十四小时的生产过程 仅仅作为执行过程 一样荒谬。
absurd:adj.荒谬的;可笑的;n.荒诞;荒诞作品; copulation:n.交配;交尾;连结; creative:adj.创造性的; gestation:n.酝酿;怀孕;妊娠期; forbid:v.禁止;不准;不允许;(正式)严禁;
So, what do we architects need to do? We need to stitch back creation and execution. 所以我们建筑师到底要做些什么？我们要将 创造和执行一步步地重新缝合。
stitch:n.针脚,线迹;一针;vt.缝,缝合;vi.缝,缝合;
And we need to start authoring processes again, instead of authoring objects. 我们要掌控整个过程, 而不是零碎的部件。
Now, if we do this, I believe we can go back 50 years and start reinjecting agency, social engineering , back into architecture. 如果我们能做到这些,我相信就能回到五十年前 将事务所和社会工程 重新注入建筑过程。
social engineering:n.社会工程(根据政治信念改造社会);
Now, there are all kinds of things that we architects need to learn how to do, like managing contracts , learning how to write contracts , understanding procurement processes, understanding the time value of money and cost estimation . 现在,建筑师们有太多东西需要学了 比如说管理合同,写合同 甚至要搞清采购流程 知道时间就是金钱,还要懂得成本估算。
contracts:n.[经]合同; v.使收缩; procurement:n.采购;获得,取得; estimation:n.估计;尊重;
But I'm going to reduce this to the beginning of the process, into three very pedantic statements . 但我要把这些“重任”都卸去,回到整个过程的原点, 三条不得不遵循的规则。
pedantic:adj.迂腐的;学究式的;卖弄学问的;假装学者的; statements:n.说明; v.(英国)对儿童进行特殊教育评估认定; (statement的第三人称单数和复数)
The first is, take core positions with your client . 首先,要在与客户的接触中占核心地位。
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; client:n.[经]客户;顾客;委托人;
I know it's shocking, right, that architecture would actually say that. 我知道,这是很不靠谱,但这正是“建筑”需要的。
The second position is actually, take positions. 第二条,坚定立场,并且
Take joint positions with your client. 要和客户达成一致
joint:n.关节; adj.共同的; v.连接,贴合;
This is the moment in which you as the architect, and your client can begin to inject vision and agency. 这个时候作为建筑师, 就可以和客户一同注入各自的 创想和作用。
inject:v.注入;注射; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
But it has to be done together. 这必须由你们共同参与完成。
And then only after this is done, are you allowed to do this, begin to put forward architectural manifestations that manifest those positions. 只有在这一步完成之后, 你才能开始拿出你的 建筑设计 来展现你的立场。
put forward:v.提出;拿出;放出;推举出; manifestations:n.临床表现(manifestion的复数);显示;证明;
And both owner and architect alike are empowered to critique those manifestations based on the positions that you've taken. 建筑师和客户双方 都可以在你们达成的共识的基础上 对设计进行评价。
empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式) critique:n.评论文章;评论;v.写评论;对…发表评论;评判;
Now, I believe that one really amazing thing will happen if you do this. 现在,我敢说你如果按我说的做,一定会达到意想不到的效果
I'd like to call it the lost art of productively losing control. 我倾向于把它称作一门几近失传的用松散管理来提高效率的艺术
productively:adv.有结果地;有成果地;
You do not know what the end result is. 你不知道结果会怎样
end result:n.最终结果;
But I promise you, with enough brain power and enough passion and enough commitment , you will arrive at conclusions that will transcend convention , and will simply be something that you could not have initially or individually conceived of. 但我保证,只要汇集足够的智慧, 足够的热情和决心 就能得到超越传统 的最终方案 那绝对是 在项目开始时 每个人都无法想象的成功。
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺; conclusions:n.结论,总结;决定;(conclusion的复数) transcend:v.超出,超越(通常的界限); convention:n.习俗;惯例;协定;常规; initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; individually:adv.个别地,单独地; conceived:v.构思;设想;(conceive的过去式);
Alright now I'm going to reduce all of this to a series of simple dumb sketches. 好了,我现在就用一些简单的图画 来说明以上的过程。
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; dumb:adj.哑的,无说话能力的;不说话的,无声音的;
This is the modus operandi that we have today. 这是我们现在惯用的伎俩。
modus operandi:n.工作方法;
We roll 120 foot spartan , i.e. our vision, up to our clients gates, of Troy. 我们推出一个一百二十英尺高的斯巴达人 现在,我们的目标就是打开顾客的特洛伊城门
spartan:adj.斯巴达的;斯巴达式的;(生活方式)简朴的,清苦的。;n.斯巴达人;勇士; clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数)
And we don't understand why they won't let us in. Right? 我们还不晓得为什么他们不给我们开门,对吧？
Well, how about instead of doing that, we roll up to the gates something they want. 那为什么不这样, 我们给他们送上他们想要的东西
Now this is a little bit of a dangerous metaphor, because of course we all know that inside of the Trojan Horse were a bunch of people with spears. 这就是有点危险性的伪装了 因为我们都知道特洛伊木马里面 有一干拿了长矛的战士
a little bit of a:一点点了; Trojan Horse:n.特洛伊木马;(来自外部的)颠覆分子(或活动); a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆;
So, we can change the metaphor. Let's call the Trojan Horse the vessel by which you get through the gate, get through the constraints of a project. 那么,我们就改变原来容易识破的伪装。 让我们把特洛伊木马称做 让你攻克大门的容器 攻克一个项目的种种限制。
vessel:n.器皿;轮船;脉管;大船; constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式);
At which point, you and your client have the ability to start considering what you're going to put inside that vessel, 这时候,你和你的客户 就可以开始考虑在这个容器中 要放些什么
The agency, the vision. 事务所的作用,还有你们的创想
And if you do that, you do that responsibly , 如果你那么做,尽职尽责地进行
responsibly:adv.负责地,可信赖地;
I believe that instead of delivering Spartans , you can deliver maidens . 我相信你完全可以将斯巴达人换成创想 传递给客户。
Spartans:n.斯巴达人(Spartan的复数); maidens:n.少女;处女(maiden的复数形式);(未婚)女子;
And if I could summarize that all up into one single sketch it would be this. 要把刚才说的都总结一下,变成一张图,就会使这样。
summarize:v.总结;概述;概括;归纳;
If we are so good at our craft shouldn't we be able to conceive of an architectural manifestation that slides seamlessly through the project's and the client's constraints? 如果我们都那么心灵手巧 为什么就不能让我们的建筑构思 天衣无缝地 契合上项目和客户 的种种要求呢？
craft:n.工艺;船;手艺;飞行器;v.(尤指用手工)精心制作; seamlessly:adv.无缝地;
Now, with that in mind, I'm going to show a project that's very dear to many people in this room, well maybe not dear, but certainly close to many people in this room. 有了这些铺垫,我准备向你们展示一个 对很多在做观众都很亲切熟悉的项目 可能不那么亲切,但至少它就在你们身边。
And that's a project that is just about to open next week, the new home for the Dallas Theater Center, the Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre. 这个项目下周就要正式对外开放了 它是达拉斯表演艺术中心 迪和查尔斯·威利剧院
Dallas:n.达拉斯(美国城市);
Now, I'm going to present it on the same terms, issue , position and architectural manifestation. 现在,我就要把它置于同样的条件, 核心问题,立场和建筑表现中来。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
Now, the first issue that we faced was that the Dallas Theater Center had a notoriety that was beyond what you would expect of someplace outside of the triumvirate of New York, Chicago and Seattle . 我们遇到的第一个问题 就是达拉斯表演艺术中心 虽然在纽约,芝加哥和西雅图 组成的三角区域之外, 却一直“恶名昭著”。
notoriety:n.恶名;声名狼藉;丑名; triumvirate:n.三头统治;三人执政; Seattle:n.西雅图(美国一港市);
And this had to do with ambitions and leadership. 这与政治野心和领导势力有关。
ambitions:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负;(ambition的复数)
But it also had to do with something rather unusual. 但同时,另一个不同寻常的原因
and that was, this horrible little building that they'd been performing in. 就是这个以前的表演场所,一幢极其丑陋的小房子
performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
Why was this horrible little building so important to their renown and their innovation ? 为什么这栋不起眼的小房子 对他们的名声和革新那么重要？
renown:n.名誉;声望; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
Because they could do whatever they wanted to to this building. 因为在这里,他们可以放肆大胆地表演。
When you're on Broadway , you can not tear the proscenium down. 如果是在百老汇,你就不能把幕前舞台整个拆了。
Broadway:n.百老汇(美国纽约市戏院集中的一条大街); proscenium:n.(古希腊,古罗马的)舞台;
This building, when an artistic director wanted to do a cherry orchard and wanted people and wanted people to come out of a well on the stage the brought a backhoe in and they simply dug the hole. 但在这里,如果哪个艺术指导 想要做一场《樱桃园》,并希望人们 能直接从舞台上出现, 他们就能找来挖土机,在舞台上挖个洞。
artistic director:n.(剧团)艺术总监; cherry:adj.上品;卓越的;樱桃色的;n.樱桃;樱桃树;樱桃色; orchard:n.果园;果树林; backhoe:n.反向铲;挖沟机;
Well, that's exciting. 听起来很刺激吧
And you can start to get the best artistic directors, scenic designers, and actors from around the country to come to perform here because you can do things you can't do elsewhere . 这样你就可以请全国最好的艺术指导, 布景设计,和演员 来这里表演 因为在这儿他们可以任意发挥,不受限制。
scenic:adj.风景优美的;舞台的;戏剧的;n.风景胜地;风景照片; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
So, the first position we took was, "Hey, we as architects had better not show up and do a pristine building that doesn't engender the same freedoms that this old dilapidated shed provided the company. 我们的第一个立场就是 “哎,我们建筑师可不是来 做什么仿古建筑的。 那不能保证现在的自由, 只是能够提供遮蔽的做旧的棚子而已。
pristine:adj.原始的,古时的;纯朴的; engender:vt.使产生;造成;vi.产生;引起; dilapidated:adj.荒废的,要塌似的;破坏的;v.变得荒废(dilapidate的过去分词); shed:v.摆脱;去除;蜕;落;n.工棚;简易房;剪羊毛棚;挤奶棚; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
The second issue is a nuance of the first. 第二个重要议题和第一个稍有不同
nuance:n.细微差别;
And that's that the company and the building was multiform. 就是表演人员和场地是多用途的
That meant that they were able to perform as long as they had labor they were able to go between proscenium, thrust , flat floor, arena , traverse , you name it. 就是说只要他们还有力气 就可以在幕前,楼板 舞台,横断 各个地方表演,随你挑。
as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; go between:n.媒人;中间人;媒介者; thrust:v.刺;塞;冲;挤;n.刺;插;重点;猛推; arena:n.舞台;竞技场; traverse:n.穿过; vt.穿过; vi.横越; adj.横贯的;
All they needed was labor. 他们需要的就是人力。
Well, something happened. In fact something happened to all institutions around the world. 嗯...事情在变化。事实上世界各地的各个机构 都在发生改变。
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
It started to become hard to raise operational costs, operational budgets . 现在越来越难筹集运营资金, 运营预算。
operational:adj.操作的;运作的; budgets:n.[财政]预算(budget复数形式);v.为…做预算(budget的第三人称单数形式);
So, they stopped having inexpensive labor. 所以,他们连廉价劳动力也不要了。
inexpensive:adj.廉价的;不昂贵的;
And eventually they had to freeze their organization into something called a bastardized thruscenium. 最终,他们干脆把整个机构冻结成了 他们口中所谓的“劣质场地”。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; bastardized:adj.退化非纯种的; v.判为私生子;
So, the second position we took is that the freedoms that we provided, 由此,我们的第二个立场就是我们要提供一种自由,
The ability to move between stage configurations had better be able to be done without relying on operational costs. Alright? Affordably. 可以让舞台结构任意变化 一定要做到这点 使得演出不用担心运营成本。对不？控制在可承受范围内。
configurations:n.配置(configuration的复数);立体基阵; relying:v.依赖;信任;指望(rely的现在分词);
The architectural manifestation was frankly, just dumb. 建筑展示 是事实的呈现,无需语言。
It was to take all the things that are known as front of house and back of house and redefine them as above house and below house. 其中需要的就是把我们知道的房子的前部和后部 换成上部和下部。
At first blush you think, "Hey it's crazy, what could you possibly gain?" 说到这儿你肯定会想,“哎呀,真是疯了 这能得出什么玩意儿啊？”
blush:v.脸红;涨红了脸;尴尬;n.面部泛起的红晕
We created what we like to call superfly . 我们把我们的创造叫做“超级苍蝇”
superfly:adj.第一流的;n.超级苍蝇(一唱片名);贩毒者(一电影名);
(Laughter) （笑）
Now, superfly, the concept is you take all the freedoms you normally associate with the flytower, and you smear them across flytower and auditorium . 现在,这个概念是这样 你可以想象舞台升降塔的各种自由 然后让这种种便利散布到观众席中。
normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; associate with:v.联合;与…联系在一起;和…来往; smear:v.弄脏;诽谤;胡乱涂抹;n.污迹;污点;丑化; auditorium:n.礼堂,会堂;观众席;
Suddenly the artistic director can move between different stage and audience configurations. 突然间艺术指导 可以在不同的舞台和观众区 自由移动
And because that flytower has the ability to pick up all the pristine elements , suddenly the rest of the environment can be provisional . And you can drill, cut, nail, screw paint and replace, with a minimum of cost. 因为舞台升降塔可以实现各种 基本需要,忽然间剩下的其他部分 都成了临时的。你可以钻洞,切割,固定,拧转, 油漆和替换, 用最小的花费就能实现。
elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数) provisional:adj.临时的,暂时的;暂定的;n.临时邮票; screw:v.旋,拧;压榨;强迫;n.螺旋;螺丝钉;吝啬鬼; minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的;
But there was a third advantage that we got by doing this move that was unexpected . 这么做还有一个好处 还是出乎我们意料的。
advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点: unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的;
And that was that it freed up the perimeter of the auditorium in a most unusual way. 这种做法以最独特的方式 将观众区的周长释放开了。
perimeter:n.周长;周界;[眼科]视野计;
And that provided the artistic director suddenly the ability to define suspension of disbelief . 这种释放忽然间给了艺术指导 定义“解除怀疑”的力量。
suspension:n.悬浮;暂停;停职; disbelief:n.怀疑,不信;
So, the building affords artistic directors the freedom to conceive of almost any kind of activity underneath this floating object. 于是,这栋建筑成全了艺术指导们, 让他们可以在这个悬浮的物体下方 设计各种可以想象的活动。
affords:vt.给予,提供;买得起; underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的;
But also to challenge the notion of suspension of disbelief such that in the last act of Macbeth , if he or she wants you to associate the parable that you're seeing with Dallas, with your real life, he or she can do so. 同时挑战“接触怀疑”的理念 比如说在《麦克白》的最后一幕, 如果哪个艺术指导想让你把这一幕的故事 与达拉斯,与你的真实生活联系起来, 他（她）就能做到。
notion:n.观念;信念;理解; Macbeth:n.麦克白(莎士比亚悲剧《麦克白》主人公); parable:n.寓言,比喻;隐晦或谜般的格言;
Now, in order to do this we and the clients had to do something fairly remarkable . 为了实现这个目标,我们和我们的客户 必须要做一件相当不同寻常的事儿。
fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
In fact it really was the clients who had to do it. 事实上是客户需要做这事儿。
They had to make a decision, based on the positions we took to redefine the budget being from two thirds capital-A architecture, and one third infrastructure , to actually the inverse , two thirds infrastructure and one third capital-A architecture. 他们要在我们采取的立场上做一个决断, 把原来三分之一基础建设,三分之二建筑设计 的预算分工 完全颠倒 三分之二基础建设和三分之一建筑设计。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; inverse:n.相反;倒转;adj.相反的;倒转的;v.使倒转;使颠倒;
That's a lot for a client to commit to before you actually see the fruition of the concept. 对于客户来说,这是不小的决定 尤其是在你能看到概念转换成“成果”之前。
fruition:n.完成,成就;结果实;
But based on the positions, they took the educated leap of faith to do so. 但在我们的那些立场的基础上, 他们迈出了极有借鉴意义的一步。
leap:n.跳越;跳跃;跳高;骤变;v.跳;跳跃;跳越;猛冲; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
And effectively we created what we like to call a theater machine. 作为回应,我们也做出了我们的 “剧院机器”。
Now, that theater machine has ability to move between a whole series of configurations at the push of a button, and a few stage hands, in a short amount of time. 现在,这台机器的各个结构 都可以进行重新组合 只要按一个钮,加上少量的工作人员, 很短的时间内就可以完成。
But it also has the potential to not only provide multiform but multiprocessional sequences . 不仅如此, 它在提供各种形式的变换之余还能改变观众的入场顺序。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; sequences:n.[数][计]序列,顺序;继起的事(sequence的复数形式);
Meaning, the artistic director doesn't necessarily need to go through our lobby . 就是说,艺术指导 不一定非要经过大厅。
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; lobby:n.大堂;门厅;民众接待厅;游说;v.游说(从政者或政府);
One of the things we learned when we visited various theaters is they hate us architects, because they say the first thing they have to do, the first five minutes of any show is they have to get our architecture out of the mind of their patron . 在我们还在参观各个剧院的时候,学到的一点 就是他们对建筑师恨之入骨, 因为他们说在任何一场演出的前五分钟, 他们要做的头等重要的事 就是把整个建筑赶出 资助人的脑海。
theaters:n.影剧院,剧院(theater复数); patron:n.赞助人;保护人;主顾;
Well now their are potentials of this building to allow the artistic director to actually move into the building without using our architecture. 而现在,这栋房子可以 让艺术指导 在剧院里自由活动 而不受到建筑本身的限制。
potentials:n.[电]电位;潜能(potential的复数);
So, in fact, there is the building, there is what we call the draw. 这就是我们的剧院,这里是一个坡道,
You're going down into our lobby, go through the lobby with our own little dangly bits, whether you like them or not, up through the stair that leads you into the auditorium. 从这里进入大厅 穿过大厅,这里有我们悬挂的小物件,不论你喜欢与否 然后上楼,进入观众区。
dangly:adj.摆晃的,悬摆的;
But there is also the potential to allow people to move directly from the outside, in this case suggesting kind of Wagnerian entrance, into the interior of the auditorium. 但它还可以 将人们直接从外面带入内部。 就是说这是一种瓦格纳式的入口 可以直接进入观众区。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; interior:n.内部;内陆;内地;里面;adj.内部的;里面的;
And here is the fruition of that in actuality . 这就是我们的成果。
actuality:n.现状;现实;事实;
These are the two large pivoting doors that allow people to move directly from the outside, in, or from the inside, out, performers or audience alike. 这是两扇大转门 可以让人们直接从外面进到 里面,自由进出 表演者,观众都可以。
pivoting:n.绕轴旋转;v.装枢轴于(pivot的ing形式);
Now, imagine what that could be. I have to say honestly this is not something yet the building can do because it takes too long. 现在,想象一下那是多么有趣。我必须诚实的说 现在这栋建筑还不能做到这步,因为整个过程太长了。
But imagine the freedoms if you could take this further, that in fact you could consider a Wagnerian entry, a first act in thrust, and intermission in Greek, a second act in arena, and you leave through our lobby with dangly bits. 但是想象一下那种自由 如果你能更进一步,可以想象一下 瓦格纳式的入口 第一幕在开始, 幕间休息在希腊,然后第二幕在竞技场, 然后你离开的时候再次穿过大厅。
intermission:n.幕间休息;暂停;中断;
Now, that, I would say, is architecture performing. 我想说,这简直就是建筑的表演。
It is taking the hand of the architect to actually remove the hand of the architect in favor of the hand of the artistic director. 它在用建筑师的方式 将建筑本身的局限打破, 来实现艺术指导的需要。
I'll go through the three basic configurations. 下面我来带你们看一下三种不同结构构造。
This is the flat floor configuration. 这是一整块的平面构造。
You notice that there is no proscenium, the balconies have been raised up, there are no seats, the floor in the auditorium is flat. 你可以看到没有舞台, 包厢被移到上方了,也没有观众座位 观众区的地面是平的。
balconies:n.阳台;露台;(戏院)包厢(balcony的复数形式);
The first configuration is easy to understand. 第一个构造很容易看懂。
The balconies come down, you see that the orchestra begins to have a rake , that's frontal , towards the end stage, and the seats come in. 现在包厢下来了,适合交响乐演奏 观众区有了倾斜,正对着舞台 观众座椅也加进来了。
orchestra:n.管弦乐队;乐队演奏处; rake:vi.搜索;用耙子耙;掠过,擦过;n.耙子;斜度;钱耙;放荡的人,浪子; frontal:adj.额的;正面的,前面的;n.额骨,额部;房屋的正面;
The third configuration is a little harder to understand. 第三个结构有点难懂
Here you see that the balconies actually have to move out of the way in order to bring a thrust into the space. 你可以看到包厢几乎被完全移走了 空出来的地方成为舞台的眼神
thrust into:强行闯入;投身于…之中;把…插进;
And some of the seats need to actually change their direction, and change their rake, to allow that to happen. 有些座位的方向也需要改变 相应的,坡度也要发生变化。
I'll do it again so you can see it. 我再放一遍,让你们看得清楚点
There you see it's the side balconies for the proscenium. 你可以看到边上的包厢给舞台让出了位置
And there it is in the thrust configuration. 舞台的突出部分形成了。
In order to do that, again, we needed a client who was willing to take educational risks. 要想做到这种效果 我们同样需要敢于冒险的客户
educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
And they told us one important thing. 他们告诉我们非常重要的一点:
'"You shall not beta-test." “你们可别成为试验品。”
Meaning, nothing that we do can we be the first ones to do it. 也就是说,我们最好 不要成为第一个吃螃蟹的人。
But they were willing for us to apply technologies from other areas that already had failsafe mechanisms , to this building. 但是他们很愿意我们将其他领域的技术 已经经过安全试验的装置运用到这个项目中去。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); failsafe:n.破损安全;失效保护; mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
And the solution in terms of the balconies was to use something that we all know as a scoreboard lift. 解决移动包厢的问题, 我们用了一种“记分板升降机”
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; scoreboard:n.记分板,记分牌;
Now, if you were to take a scoreboard and drop it on dirt and whiskey , that would be bad. 现在,如果你把一块记分板 丢在土堆上, 结果会惨不忍睹。
dirt:n.污垢;尘土;下流话; whiskey:n.威士忌酒;adj.威士忌酒的;
If you were not able to take the scoreboard out of the arena and be able to do the Ice Capades the next night, that would also be bad. 如果你没能把记分板拿出体育场, 第二天又有“白雪溜冰团”的表演, 结果也会很糟糕。
And so this technology already had all the failsafe mechanisms and allowed the theater and our client to actually do this with confidence that they would be able to change over their configurations at will. 而这项技术已经经过了安全保险验证, 可以保证剧院和我们的客户 在移动包厢的时候信心十足 根据自己的意愿改变表演区的结构。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的;
The second technology that we applied was actually using things that you know from the stage side of an opera house . 我们用到的第二项技术 其实是从大家都知道的 剧院的舞台两侧的侧舞台。
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式) opera house:n.歌剧院;
In this case what we're doing is we're taking the orchestra floor, lifting it up, spinning it, changing the rake, taking it back to flat floor, changing the rake again. In essence you can begin to define rakes and viewing angles of people in the orchestra seating, at will. 我们将交响乐舞台 抬起来,旋转 改变坡度,放在平地上, 再一次改变坡度。简单地说,就是 你可以任意调整观众席的 坡度和视角。
spinning:n.纺纱(手艺):纺线v.(使)旋转:纺线:纺纱;(spin的现在分词) In essence:本质上;其实;大体上; rakes:n.耙子(rake的复数);铲爬贝类;
Here you see the chairs being spun around to go from proscenium or end stage to thrust configuration. 这是座椅的方向从面对舞台变成 侧对舞台,第二种凸出舞台的构造。
spun:adj.纺成的;v.纺(spin的过去分词);旋转;
The proscenium, also. As far as we know this is the first building in the world in which the proscenium can entirely fly out of the space. 据我们所知,这是世界上第一个可以 自由变换的舞台。
As far as:至于…;
Here you see the various acoustic baffles as well as the flying mechanisms and catwalks over the auditorium. 这里既有各种音乐会需要的降噪板,也有 悬空的构造和延伸至观众席的T台。
acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的;n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器; baffles:n.[机][电子]挡板(baffle的复数形式); v.阻碍; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; catwalks:(桥侧的)步行小道(catwalk的名词复数);
And ultimately , up in the flytower, the scene sets that allow the transformations to occur . 还有最重要的,舞台塔上的 布景可以任意变化。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; transformations:n.[晶体]转变(transformation的复数形式);转换; occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;
As I said , all that was in service of creating a flexible yet affordable configuration. 正如我所说,这一切都是为了创造一个灵活多变 造价又可控的结构。
As I said:正如我所说的 flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; affordable:adj.负担得起的;
But we got this other benefit. And that was 我们还有另一个收获,
The ability of the perimeter to suddenly engage 即在释放了演出厅的空间后它可以将
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
Dallas on the outside. 外面的达拉斯城参与进来。
Here you see the building in its current state with blinds closed. This is a trompe l'oeil. 你现在看到的是建筑当前的状态, 窗帘都拉上了。这是一张模拟图
trompe:n.水风筒;
Actually this is not a curtain. These are vinyl blinds that are integrated into the windows themselves, again with failsafe mechanisms that can be lifted such that you can completely demystify , if you chose, the operations of the theater going on behind, rehearsals and so forth. 其实这并不是窗帘,而是与玻璃窗合一的 塑料百叶窗 这也是绝对安全的技术。 如果你想看得清楚点,可以把它收起来 剧场内部进行的一切, 排练之类的都可以看到。
vinyl:n.乙烯基; integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词) demystify:vt.使非神秘化;阐明;启发; rehearsals:n.排练;预演;演习;复述;重复;(rehearsal的复数)
But you also have the ability to allow the audience to see Dallas, to perform with Dallas as the backdrop of your performance . 同时还能让里面的观众 看到达拉斯的城市, 将达拉斯当做表演的舞台。
backdrop:n.背景;背景幕;交流声; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
Now, if I'll take you through -- this is an early concept sketch -- take you through kind of a mixture of all these things together. 现在,我想让你们看一看 很早的一张概念性的草图 是这些元素的混合
mixture:n.混合;结合体;混合物;集合体;
Effectively you would have something like this. 是这样子的
You would be allowed to bring objects or performers into the performing chamber . 你可以把各种东西带入演出厅。
chamber:n.(身体或器官内的)室,膛; adj.室内的; vt.把…关在室内;
Aida , their elephants, you can bring the elephants in. 《阿依达》中的大象你真的可以把它带进去。
Aida:n.[纺]菱形花纹平布;
You would be able to expose the auditorium to Dallas or vice versa , Dallas to the auditorium. 你可以将观众区展现给达拉斯, 反之亦然。
expose:v.揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示; vice versa:反之亦然;
You'd be able to open portions in order to change the procession , allow people to come in and out for an intermission, or to enter for the beginning or the end of a performance. 你还可以打开各个部分 来改变观众入场的方向,顺序 观众可以在休息时自由进出剧院 或者是从头到尾都待在剧院里
portions:n.部分; v.把…分成若干份(或部分); (portion的第三人称单数和复数) procession:n.行列; v.排队前进;
As I said, all the balconies can move, but they can also be disappeared completely. 我刚说过,所有包厢都是可以移动的 甚至可以让它们彻底消失。
disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词)
The proscenium can fly. 舞台可以悬空
You can bring large objects into the chamber itself. 可以让各种大件物品自己进入展厅
But most convincingly when we had to confront the idea of changing costs from architecture to infrastructure, is something that is represented by this. 但是最让人称道的就是我们成功挑战了将建筑设计的花费 转移到基础建设上 这就是这所建筑的代表性。
convincingly:adv.令人信服地;有说服力地; confront:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗;
And again, this is not all the flexibilities of the building that is actually built, but at least suggests the ideas. 这里所说到的还并不能涵盖这座建筑的所有灵活功能 但至少能展现我们的基本意图。
flexibilities:n.灵活性;弹性;适应性;
This building has the ability, in short order , to go back to a flat floor organization such that they can rent it out. 这栋建筑可以迅速地 变成完全平面的空楼层 需要的话可以租出去。
in short order:迅速地,立即;
Now, if there is anyone here from American Airlines , please consider doing your Christmas party here. 如果在座有在美国航空工作的, 可以考虑下在这里举行你们的圣诞派对。
Airlines:n.航空公司(airline的复数);航空业;
(Laughter) （笑）
Because that allows the company to raise operational budgets without having to compete with other venues with much larger auditoriums . 那可以给公司筹集运营预算 完全不需要 再和其他场地比较了
compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); venues:n.场地,场馆(venue复数形式);犯罪现场,发生地点; auditoriums:n.听众席(auditorium的复数形式);
That's an enormous benefit. 在这儿办活动的好处太多了。
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
So, the theater company has the ability to do totally hermetic , light controlled, sound controlled, great acoustics , great intimacy Shakespeare . 在这里,剧团可以进行 完全封闭的演出, 有可控的灯光,音效,一流的音响效果 可以演出一流的莎士比亚戏。
hermetic:adj.密封的;与外界隔绝的;不透气的;炼金术的;n.炼金术士; acoustics:n.声学;音响效果,音质; intimacy:n.亲密;密切;关系密切;性行为; Shakespeare:n.莎士比亚(英国剧作家);
But can also do Becket with the skyline of Dallas sitting behind it. 这里还可以演贝克特, 背景就用达拉斯的天际。
Becket:n.环索;把手环(用于固定松散绳索,桨,桅杆等的); skyline:n.地平线;空中轮廓线;架空索;vt.天空映衬出…的轮廓;
Here it is in a flat floor configuration. 这是第一种平面结构。
The theater has been going through its kind of paces. 剧院可以大展身手。
Here it is in an end stage configuration. 这是第二种结构,
It's actually beautiful. There was a rock band . 看上去非常漂亮,可以进行摇滚乐演出。
band:n.带;波段;频带;箍;v.加彩条(或嵌条等);(将价格、收入等)划分档次;
We stood outside trying to see if the acoustics worked. 我们在外面测试了它的音响系统
And you could see the guys doing this but you couldn't hear them. 你可以看到里面的人的活动,但完全听不到他们。
It was very unusual. 这非常不同寻常。
And here it is in a thrust configuration. 这是第三种延伸出来的结构。
And last but not least , you see this already has the ability to create events in order to generate operational budgets to overcome the building in fact performing to allow the company to overcome their biggest problem. 它很重要 不仅可以在这里进行 筹集资金的活动 这栋建筑还可以帮助 公司解决它们最大的困难。
last but not least:最后但不是最不重要的一点; generate:v.产生;引起; overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
I'm going to show you a brief time lapse . 我还要给你们展示一下整个建造的快进过程。
lapse:n.(一时的)走神,判断错误;
As I said, this can be done with only two people, and with a minimum amount of time. 我说过,两个人就能完成 用最少的时间完成。
This is the first time that actually the changeover was done and so there is literally thousands of people because everyone was excited and wanted to be a part of it. 这是第一个变化完成的时候 那里大概聚了几千人 大家都非常兴奋,想要参与到其中去。
changeover:n.转换;逆转;(方针的)转变; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
So, in a way try to disregard all the thousands of ants running around. 所以为了把那密密麻麻的几千只蚂蚁去掉
disregard:vt.忽视;不理;漠视;不顾;n.忽视;不尊重;
And think of it being done with just a few people. 影片进行了处理,只留下几个人。
Again, just a couple people are required. 是,几个人就够了
(Laughter) （笑）
I promise. 我保证。
Et voila . 就是这样。
voila:int.(法)瞧;可不是;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
So, just in conclusion , a few shots. 所以,总的来说,不用费多大事儿。
in conclusion:总之;最后;
This is the AT&T performing arts center's 这是AT&T(美国电信电话公司)表演艺术中心的
performing arts:n.表演艺术;
Dee and Charles Wyly Theater. 迪和查尔斯·威利剧院
There it is at night. 今天晚上就到这儿了
And last but not least the entire AT&T performing arts center. 最后,但同样重要的是在整个AT&T表演艺术中心
You can see the Winspear Opera House on the right, and the Dee and Charles Wyly Theater on the left. 你可以看到右边是温斯皮尔歌剧院, 左边是迪和查尔斯·威利剧院
And to remind you that here is an example in which architecture actually did something. 要提示你们的是这幢建筑 确实有它存在的意义。
remind:v.提醒;使想起;
But we got to that conclusion without understanding where we were going, what we knew were a series of issues that the company and the client was confronted with. 但是我们是在不知道 到底在往哪里发展的情况下得到了这个结果。 我们只知道一系列公司和客户想要 解决的问题。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式)
And we took positions with them, and it was through those positions that we began to take architectural manifestations and we arrived at conclusion that none of us, really none of us could ever have conceived of initially or individually. 我们在各个问题中找到自己的立场,然后通过它们 渐渐看到了建筑的形状 我们得到的最终结论就是 我们中没有任何一个人 可以单独或者在众人之前完成这个构想。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）