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JoshSilver_2009G-_可调节的液体填充眼镜_
I'm going to tell you about one of the world's largest problems and how it can be solved. 我将要说的,是现今世界最大的问题之一 以及解决它的方法
I'd like to start with a little experiment. 我想以一个小实验开场
Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses , or you've had laser refractive surgery ? 戴眼镜或隐形眼镜的请举手 或者做过激光屈光手术的
contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; lenses:n.透镜;镜片;(眼球的)晶状体;(lens的复数) refractive:adj.折射的; surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室;
Now, unfortunately , there are too many of you for me to do the statistics properly. 麻烦了,人太多了我都数不过来了
unfortunately:adv.不幸地; statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population that have some sort of vision correction . 但是我估计,举手的人大概占60% 因为这差不多就是做过视力矫正的人 在发达国家的比例
roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; fraction:n.分数;小部分;小数;少量; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; correction:n.校正;修正;改正;处罚;
The World Health Organization estimates -- well, they make various estimates of the number of people who need glasses -- the lowest estimate is 150 million people. 世界卫生组织评估过 他们通过不同的方式评估过需要戴眼镜的人数 最少也得有一亿五千万人
Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; estimates:n.估计;估价;估计的成本;v.估价;估算(estimate的第三人称单数和复数)
They also have an estimate of around a billion. 还有的估计是差不多10亿
But in fact, I would argue that we've just done an experiment here and now , which shows us that the global need for corrective eyewear is around half of any population. 但是事实上,我们在这里刚刚统计了一次 说明世界上有差不多一半的人 需要佩戴眼镜
here and now:此时此地;立刻; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; corrective:adj.矫正的;惩治的;n.矫正物;改善法; eyewear:n.眼镜;眼镜防护;护目镜;
And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem, it's also an educational problem, and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem. 视力差,实际上不仅仅是个健康问题 它还是教育问题 经济问题,生活质量的问题
educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的 economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
Glasses are not very expensive. They're quite plentiful . 眼镜不贵,也不紧缺
plentiful:adj.丰富的;许多的;丰饶的;
The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear that we have in the developed world. 问题在于,没有足够的眼科方面的专业人士 会使用我们在发达国家中所用的 视力矫正器
professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数); delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送;
There are just way too few eye care professionals. 眼科护理专家实在是太少了
So this little slide here shows you an optometrist and the little blue person represents about 10,000 people and that's the ratio in the U.K. 幻灯片上表示的是一位验光师 一个蓝色小人代表大约一万人 这是在英国的比例
optometrist:n.验光师;视力测定者; represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) ratio:n.比率;比例;v.用比例方式表达;求出…的比值;使…成比例;
This is the ratio of optometrists to people in sub-Saharan Africa. 这是在撒哈拉以南非洲中验光师占总人口的比例
optometrists:n.验光配镜师;(optometrist的复数) sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区;
In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population. 事实上,有一些撒哈拉以南非洲的国家 八百万人里只有一个验光师
How do you do this? How do you solve this problem? 怎么办？怎么解决这个问题？
I came up with a solution to this problem, and I came up with a solution based on adaptive optics for this. 我有个办法 这个方法是基于自适应光学的
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; adaptive:adj.适应的,适合的; optics:n.[光]光学;
And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself and that solves the problem. 自己做眼镜,自己调整 这样问题就解决了
adjust:v.调整;调节;适应;习惯;
What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses. 我接下来给你们演示自己如何做副眼镜
I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. I shall put this in my pocket. 我来给你们演示一下,我把它放在口袋里
I'm short sighted. I look at the signs at the end, I can hardly see them. 我近视,几乎看不到最后排的标志
So -- okay, I can now see that man running out there, and I can see that guy running out there. 这样,好了,我能看见有个人跑出去了 我还能看见那边有个人跑出去了
I've now made prescription eyewear to my prescription. 我通过自己诊断,做了副处方眼镜
prescription:n.处方;药方;医生开的药;开处方;
Next step in my process . 接下来要这么做
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
So, I've now made eye glasses to my prescription. 我给自己诊断,做了副眼镜
Okay, so I've made these glasses and ... 好,这个眼镜...
Okay, I've made the glasses to my prescription and ... ...只要自己就行
... I've just ... 就快好了
And I've now made some glasses. That's it. 这就是我自己做的眼镜
(Applause) （掌声）
Now, these aren't the only pair in the world. 这副眼镜不是独一无二的
In fact, this technology 's been evolving . 事实上,这种技术一直在发展
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; evolving:v.(使)逐渐形成,逐渐演变;进化形成;(evolve的现在分词)
I started working on it in 1985, and it's been evolving very slowly. 我从1985年开始从事这个工作 这项技术发展得非常缓慢
There are about 30,000 in use now. 现在世界上有大约三万人在使用
And they're in fifteen countries. They're spread around the world. 他们分布在十五个国家,遍布全世界
And I have a vision, which I'll share with you. 我有个梦想,想要跟大家分享
I have a global vision for vision. 一个关于视力的全球性的梦想
And that vision is to try to get a billion people wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020. 就是让十亿人 到2020年,能带上这种眼镜
To do that -- this is an early example of the technology. 要实现这个梦想----这只是个早期演示品
The technology is being further developed -- the cost has to be brought down. 现在技术已经大幅进步了 必须减小成本
This pair, in fact, these currently cost about 19 dollars. 这副眼镜,事实上,成本大约19美元
currently:adv.当前;一般地;
But the cost has to be brought right down. 但成本必须降下来
It has to be brought down because we're trying to serve populations who live on a dollar a day. 之所以要控制成本,是因为我们服务的人群 是日均消费水平只有1美元的人
How do you solve this problem? 怎么办？
You start to get into detail. 你得从细节着手
And on this slide, I'm basically explaining all the problems you have. 这里我简要的介绍下可能遇到的各种问题
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
How do you distribute ? How do you work out how to fit the thing? 怎么运输？怎么教人如何使用？
distribute:v.分发;分配;分销;分散;
How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem? 怎么让人们意识到他们有视力问题？
How do you deal with the industry? 怎么处理工业生产的问题？
And the answer to that is research. 答案就是研究
What we've done is to set up the Center for Vision in the Developing World here in the university. 我们已经建立了发展中国家视力中心 在这所大学里
If you want to know more, just come have a look at our website. Thank you. 如果想进一步了解,请登录我们的网站。谢谢。
have a look at:看一看,看一眼;
(Applause) （掌声）