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JosetteSheeran_2011G-_终结饥饿_
Well after many years working in trade and economics, four years ago, 在从事经济和贸易的工作多年以后, 四年前,
I found myself working on the front lines of human vulnerability . 我开始投身于 人类脆弱领域的前线。
vulnerability:n.易损性;弱点;
And I found myself in the places where people are fighting every day to survive and can't even obtain a meal. 我发现在我身处的地方, 人们每天为生存而斗争 但仍然不能吃上一顿饭。
obtain:vi.获得;流行;vt.获得;
This red cup comes from Rwanda from a child named Fabian. 这个红色的杯子来自卢旺达, 来自一名叫Fabian的孩子。
And I carry this around as a symbol , really, of the challenge and also the hope. 我到哪里都带着它 真的,把它作为一个挑战 以及希望的象征。
symbol:n.象征;符号;标志;
Because one cup of food a day changes Fabian's life completely. 因为每天这样一杯的粮食 完全地改变着Fabian的生活。
But what I'd like to talk about today is the fact that this morning, about a billion people on Earth -- or one out of every seven -- woke up and didn't even know how to fill this cup. 但今天我要讲述的是这样一个事实: 今天早上 地球上大约有10亿人 也就是七份之一的人口 醒来却不知道 怎样能填满这样一个杯子。
One out of every seven people. 七份之一的人口。
First, I'll ask you: Why should you care? 首先,我会问你们为什么应该关心这个问题？
Why should we care? 为什么我们应该关心？
For most people, if they think about hunger, they don't have to go far back on their own family history -- maybe in their own lives, or their parents' lives, or their grandparents' lives -- to remember an experience of hunger. 对于大部分人来说, 当他们想到饥饿, 他们不用回想到很久远的家族历史来追忆一段捱饿的经历-- 这段经历也许就发生在他们自身,他们的父母, 或是他们祖父母 的一生中。
I rarely find an audience where people can go back very far without that experience. 我很少能从观众中 找到有人能追溯到很久远却没有这样的经历。
rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
Some are driven by compassion , feel it's perhaps one of the fundamental acts of humanity . 有些人是出于同情心, 觉得这也许是 人类基本的行为。
compassion:n.同情;怜悯; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
As Gandhi said, "To a hungry man, a piece of bread is the face of God." 就像甘地说的, “对于一个饥饿的人来说,一块面包就像是上帝的面孔。”
Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖);
Others worry about peace and security, stability in the world. 其他人担心世界的和平,安全 与稳定。
stability:n.稳定性;坚定,恒心;
We saw the food riots in 2008, after what I call the silent tsunami of hunger swept the globe when food prices doubled overnight . 当粮食价格在一夜之间番倍, 一场在我看来是无声的饥饿海啸席卷全球, 随之我们看到2008年的粮食暴动。
riots:n.暴动(riot的复数);v.骚乱(riot的第三人称单数形式);闹事; tsunami:n.海啸; swept:v.扫除(sweep的过去式和过去分词);adj.扫频的; overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上;
The destabilizing effects of hunger are known throughout human history. 饥饿的不定影响 在人类史上众所周知。
destabilizing:v.使动摇;使不稳定;(destabilize的现在分词) throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
One of the most fundamental acts of civilization is to ensure people can get enough food. 而人类文明其中最基本的行为之一 是保障人们能够获得足够的食物。
civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
Others think about Malthusian nightmares . 有些人会想起马尔萨斯的噩梦。
nightmares:n.噩梦;梦魇;极其糟糕的情况;(nightmare的复数)
Will we be able to feed a population that will be nine billion in just a few decades? 我们能够喂饱 那将要在几十年后就达到九十亿的人口吗？
This is not a negotiable thing, hunger. 饥饿,这不是一个可以谈判的话题。
negotiable:adj.可通过谈判解决的;可协商的;
People have to eat. 人们需要吃上饭。
There's going to be a lot of people. 而那将会是很多的人。
This is jobs and opportunity all the way up and down the value chain. 这是贯穿于整个价值链的工作和机遇。
But I actually came to this issue in a different way. 但我其实是通过另一个方式 得到这个结论的。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
This is a picture of me and my three children. 这是我和我三个孩子的照片。
In 1987, I was a new mother with my first child and was holding her and feeding her when an image very similar to this came on the television. 1987年,我刚成为 我第一个孩子的母亲。 就在我正抱着她喂哺她的时候, 一个跟这个画面十分相似的画面 出现在电视上。
And this was yet another famine in Ethiopia . 而这仅仅是发生在埃塞俄比亚的又一场饥荒。
famine:n.饥荒; Ethiopia:n.埃塞俄比亚;
One two years earlier had killed more than a million people. 在那之前的一两年前的饥荒 已带走了超过百万人的生命。
But it never struck me as it did that moment, because on that image was a woman trying to nurse her baby, and she had no milk to nurse. 但那给我带来的震撼却没有我看到那张照片时强烈, 因为照片上 是一位母亲想要给她的孩子喂奶, 但她却没有奶去喂。
And the baby's cry really penetrated me, as a mother. 而那个孩子的哭声真正的穿透了 作为母亲的我。
penetrated:v.穿过;进入;渗透,打入(组织、团体等);看透(penetrate的过去分词和过去式)
And I thought, there's nothing more haunting than the cry of a child that cannot be returned with food -- the most fundamental expectation of every human being. 我想,没有任何东西比 一个孩子哭泣 却换不来食物更令人无法释怀的了-- 这是每一个人最基本的期望。
expectation:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;
And it was at that moment that I just was filled with the challenge and the outrage that actually we know how to fix this problem. 在那一时刻, 我心中充满了 这样的挑战和愤怒 – 我们其实知道怎样去解决这个问题。
outrage:n.愤怒,愤慨;暴行;侮辱;vt.凌辱,强奸;对…施暴行;激起愤怒;
This isn't one of those rare diseases that we don't have the solution for. 这不是那些稀有罕见的 不可救药的疾病。
diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
We know how to fix hunger. 我们知道怎样解决饥饿问题。
A hundred years ago, we didn't. 一百年前,我们不知道。
We actually have the technology and systems. 现在我们实际上具备相应的科技和系统。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
And I was just struck that this is out of place . 而令我惊讶的是, 这个问题还没有被解决。
out of place:adj.不合适的;不相称的;不在适当的位置;
At our time in history, these images are out of place. 这些照片与历史上的今天格格不入。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
Well guess what? 你们猜猜看？
This is last week in northern Kenya. 这是上周在肯尼亚北部。
Yet again, the face of starvation at large scale with more than nine million people wondering if they can make it to the next day. 又一次的 , 大规模的 九百万以上的人们面临着饥饿, 不知道能不能熬到明天。
starvation:n.饿死;挨饿;绝食; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
In fact, what we know now is that every 10 seconds we lose a child to hunger. 事实上, 我们知道 每隔10秒 就有一个孩子死于饥饿。
This is more than HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. 这要高于 爱滋病, 疟疾和肺结核加在一起。
malaria:n.[内科]疟疾;瘴气; tuberculosis:n.肺结核;结核病;
And we know that the issue is not just production of food. 而我们知道 这不仅是粮食生产的问题。
One of my mentors in life was Norman Borlaug, my hero. 我生命中的其中一位导师 是诺曼·布劳格Norman Borlaug,也是我的英雄。
mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数);
But today I'm going to talk about access to food, because actually this year and last year and during the 2008 food crisis , there was enough food on Earth for everyone to have 2,700 kilocalories . 但今天我要讲的是获得粮食的途径。 因为在今年,去年 以及2008年粮食危机中, 地球上有足够的粮食 来供应2700千焦卡路里给每一个人。
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; kilocalories:n.[热]千卡;[热]大卡;
So why is it that we have a billion people who can't find food? 那么为什么 我们还有十亿人口 得不到粮食供应呢？
And I also want to talk about what I call our new burden of knowledge. 我还想谈一下 所谓的知识的新重担。
burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于;
In 2008, 2008年,
Lancet compiled all the research and put forward the compelling evidence that if a child in its first thousand days -- from conception to two years old -- does not have adequate nutrition , the damage is irreversible . Lancet收集所有的研究, 举出有说服力的证据来说明以下事实。 如果一个小孩在头一千天里, 也就是从怀孕到两岁, 没有得到足够的营养, 这样造成的伤害是不可逆转的。
Lancet:n.[外科]小刀,柳叶刀;尖顶窗;小枪; compiled:adj.编译的;v.编辑(compile的过去分词); put forward:v.提出;拿出;放出;推举出; compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词) evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; conception:n.怀孕;概念;设想;开始; adequate:adj.充足的;适当的;胜任的; nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品; irreversible:adj.不可逆的;不能取消的;不能翻转的;
Their brains and bodies will be stunted . 他们的脑部以及身体发育会受到阻碍。
stunted:adj.发育不良的; v.阻碍…发展(stunt的过去式及过去分词形式);
And here you see a brain scan of two children -- one who had adequate nutrition, another, neglected and who was deeply malnourished . 在这里你们可以看到两个小孩的脑扫描。 其中一小孩有足够的营养, 另一小孩被忽视 及极度缺乏营养。
neglected:adj.被忽略的; v.忽略; (neglect的过去分词和过去式) malnourished:adj.营养不良的;营养失调的;
And we can see brain volumes up to 40 percent less in these children. 我们可以看到这些小孩的脑容量 能比其他小孩 少百分之四十。
volumes:n.卷;体积;容积;大量;(volumes是volume的复数)
And in this slide you see the neurons and the synapses of the brain don't form. 在这一边 你们可以看到脑部的神经元和染色体 不能成形。
synapses:n.(神经元的)突触(synapse的复数;synapsis的复数)
And what we know now is this has huge impact on economies , which I'll talk about later. 我们现在知道这对经济有极大的影响。 这我会在后面讲述。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
But also the earning potential of these children is cut in half in their lifetime due to the stunting that happens in early years. 这些小孩 一生的潜在收入, 由于头几年生长受到阻碍, 也被减少一半。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; stunting:n.萎缩;发育障碍短小症;v.阻碍…的正常发育(stunt的ing形式);
So this burden of knowledge drives me. 所以这知识的重担激励着我。
Because actually we know how to fix it very simply. 因为实际上我们知道怎样 去简单的解决这个问题。
And yet, in many places, a third of the children, by the time they're three already are facing a life of hardship due to this. 但在很多地方,由于这一原因, 有三分之一的儿童 在满三岁时 就已经面临着 充满艰辛的生活。
hardship:n.艰难;困苦;拮据;
I'd like to talk about some of the things I've seen on the front lines of hunger, some of the things I've learned in bringing my economic and trade knowledge and my experience in the private sector . 我想讲一下 我在饥饿的前线所看到的事情, 和在转移我经济和贸易领域的知识 以及私营企业的经验的过程中 学到的东西。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; private sector:n.(国家经济的)私营部分;
I'd like to talk about where the gap of knowledge is. 我想讲一下知识缺失在哪一环节。
gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开;
Well first, I'd like to talk about the oldest nutritional method on Earth, breastfeeding . 首先,我想讲一下地球上最原始的获得营养的方式, 母乳喂养。
nutritional:adj.营养的;滋养的; breastfeeding:n.母乳哺育;v.用母乳喂养(breastfeed的现在分词);
You may be surprised to know that a child could be saved every 22 seconds if there was breastfeeding in the first six months of life. 你也许会惊讶的发现, 如果一个婴儿在出生后的头六个月内得到母乳喂养, 那么每过22秒我们就可以挽回一个生命。
But in Niger, for example, less than seven percent of the children are breastfed for the first six months of life, exclusively . 但比如说在尼日尔, 低于百分之七的婴儿 在出生后头六个月内 单单接受母乳哺育。
breastfed:v.用母乳喂养;用母奶喂养;(breastfeed的过去式) exclusively:adv.唯一地;专有地;排外地;
In Mauritania, less than three percent. 在毛里塔尼亚,这一数据低于百分之三。
This is something that can be transformed with knowledge. 这是知识可以改变的东西。
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式)
This message, this word, can come out that this is not an old-fashioned way of doing business; it's a brilliant way of saving your child's life. 这一条信息,这一个词,可以理解为 非老一套的做事方式; 这是一个 拯救你孩子生命的非常聪明的办法。
old-fashioned:adj.老式的;过时的;守旧的;
And so today we focus on not just passing out food, but making sure the mothers have enough enrichment , and teaching them about breastfeeding. 所以今天我们不光注重于粮食的分发, 也注重在保证母亲们有足够的营养补给, 以及教育她们关于母乳哺育的知识。
enrichment:n.丰富;改进;肥沃;发财致富;
The second thing I'd like to talk about: 第二个我要讲的话题是,
If you were living in a remote village somewhere, your child was limp , and you were in a drought , or you were in floods, or you were in a situation where there wasn't adequate diversity of diet, what would you do? 如果你正住在某个边远的村庄, 你的孩子是跛的, 而你们又被困于一场旱灾或水灾, 或者是你所在的条件不能给你提供营养足够多样化的饮食, 你会怎么办？
remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; limp:adj.柔软的,无力的;软弱的;vi.跛行,一拐一拐地走;缓慢费力地前进;n.跛行; drought:n.干旱;缺乏; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
Do you think you could go to the store and get a choice of power bars, like we can, and pick the right one to match? 你认为你能去商店里 像我们平常那样 买各种补充能量的食物以及选合适的来补给？
Well I find parents out on the front lines very aware their children are going down for the count. 我发现在饥饿第一线的父母们 十分清楚他们的孩子不能以此支撑下去。
And I go to those shops, if there are any, or out to the fields to see what they can get, and they cannot obtain the nutrition. 我会去那些商店,如果有商店的话, 或者去庄稼地里看他们能找到什么, 但他们什么营养品都找不到。
Even if they know what they need to do, it's not available. 即使他们知道他们需要什么,但那些东西却不可能得到。
And I'm very excited about this, because one thing we're working on is transforming the technologies that are very available in the food industry to be available for traditional crops. 我对这个感到十分兴奋, 因为我们正着手的其中一个项目 是转变 在食品工业 十分可行的科技, 将其运用到传统的粮食作物。
transforming:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);使改观;(transform的现在分词) technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); traditional:传统的,惯例的,
And this is made with chickpeas , dried milk and a host of vitamins , matched to exactly what the brain needs. 这是完全根据脑部所需配制,用鹰嘴豆,烘干牛奶 和一系列维他命 制成的。
chickpeas:n.[作物]鹰嘴豆(chickpea的复数); vitamins:n.[生化]维生素;[生化]维他命;
It costs 17 cents for us to produce this as, what I call, food for humanity. 这我所指的,人类的食粮, 花费我们17美分来制造。
We did this with food technologists in India and Pakistan -- really about three of them. 我们同印度和巴基斯坦的食品科技人员 合作制成这个-- 实际上他们大概只有三个人。
technologists:n.技术人员(technologist的复数);[劳经]技术专家;
But this is transforming 99 percent of the kids who get this. 但这改变着 百分之九十九的收到这个的孩子。
One package, 17 cents a day -- their malnutrition is overcome . 只要这样一包,每天17美分, 他们的营养不良问题就被解决了。
malnutrition:n.营养失调,营养不良; overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
So I am convinced that if we can unlock the technologies that are commonplace in the richer world to be able to transform foods. 所以我深信, 如果我们能分享 在富有国家随处可见的科技 用来转变粮食科技。
convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) commonplace:n.老生常谈;司空见惯的事;普通的东西;adj.平凡的;陈腐的;
And this is climate-proof. 而且这不受气候影响。
It doesn't need to be refrigerated , it doesn't need water, which is often lacking. 不需要冷藏, 不需要经常稀缺的水。
refrigerated:v.使冷却;使变冷;冷藏;(refrigerate的过去式和过去分词)
And these types of technologies, 在我看来,
I see, have the potential to transform the face of hunger and nutrition, malnutrition out on the front lines. 这类科技 有改变第一线面临饥饿, 营养以及营养不足的潜能。
The next thing I want to talk about is school feeding. 下一个我要讲的话题是学校供膳。
Eighty percent of the people in the world have no food safety net . 世界上百分之八十的人口 没有粮食安全网。
safety net:n.安全保障;为防止人摔落而设置的安全网;
When disaster strikes -- the economy gets blown, people lose a job, floods, war, conflict , bad governance , all of those things -- there is nothing to fall back on . 当灾难袭来, 比如说经济崩溃,人们失去工作, 遭遇洪水,战争,冲突, 政府治理不力,所有的这些, 人们没有任何保障。
disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; governance:n.管理;统治;支配; fall back on:转而依靠;求助于;
And usually the institutions -- churches, temples, other things -- do not have the resources to provide a safety net. 而通常 教堂,寺庙和其他机构 没有资源 去提供这一安全网。
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
What we have found working with the World Bank is that the poor man's safety net, the best investment , is school feeding. 通过和世界银行合作我们发现, 穷人的安全网 以及最有效的投资,是学校供膳。
World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构); investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
And if you fill the cup with local agriculture from small farmers, you have a transformative effect. 如果你用当地小规模农民生产的作物 来装满这个杯子, 那么你就已经起到了改变的作用。
transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的;
Many kids in the world can't go to school because they have to go beg and find a meal. 世界上很多孩子不能上学 因为他们要去乞讨和寻食。
But when that food is there, it's transformative. 但是有了粮食, 起到的作用是改革性的。
It costs less than 25 cents a day to change a kid's life. 改变一个孩子的命运花费不到25美分一天。
But what is most amazing is the effect on girls. 但最惊人的是这在女孩身上起到的作用。
In countries where girls don't go to school and you offer a meal to girls in school, we see enrollment rates about 50 percent girls and boys. 在女孩不去上学的国家, 如果你为上学的女孩提供一顿饭, 入学率 就达到男女各半。
enrollment:n.登记;入伍;
We see a transformation in attendance by girls. 我们看到女生入学率的变化。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; attendance:n.出席;到场;出席人数;
And there was no argument, because it's incentive . 而这是不可争议的, 因为这是动力。
incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的;
Families need the help. 那些家庭需要帮助。
And we find that if we keep girls in school later, they'll stay in school until they're 16, and won't get married if there's food in school. 我们还发现如果我们留住这些女孩更久一些, 她们会留在学校直到16岁, 并且只要学校能提供食物,她们就不会去嫁人。
Or if they get an extra ration of food at the end of the week -- it costs about 50 cents -- will keep a girl in school, and they'll give birth to a healthier child, because the malnutrition is sent generation to generation. 或者是如果她们可以 在周末获得一份额外的食物配给, 这大概花费50美分, 她们会留在学校, 将来生下一个更健康的小孩, 因为营养不良能传给 下一代。
extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外: ration:v.配给;定量供应;n.定量;口粮;配给量; give birth to:产生,造成;生孩子;
We know that there's boom and bust cycles of hunger. 我们知道饥饿的循环有起有落。
boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的; bust:n.(石或金属的)半身像; v.打破; adj.破碎;
We know this. 我们是知道这个的。
Right now on the Horn of Africa, we've been through this before. 今天的非洲之角,我们之前已经经历过饥荒。
Horn:n.喇叭,号角;角;v.装角于;
So is this a hopeless cause? 那么这是一个不可救药的循环吗？
Absolutely not . 绝对不是。
Absolutely not:绝对不会;绝对不是;绝对不行;
I'd like to talk about what I call our warehouses for hope. 我想讲一下我所谓的希望之粮仓。
warehouses:n.仓库,货栈;货仓;(warehouse的名词复数)
Cameroon , northern Cameroon , boom and bust cycles of hunger every year for decades. 这是喀麦隆,北部的喀麦隆,饥饿的潮起潮落 几十年每年如是。
Cameroon:n.喀麦隆(西非国名);
Food aid coming in every year when people are starving during the lean seasons. 每年当人们在欠收季节忍饥捱饿时, 粮食援助随之而来。
lean:v.前俯(或后仰):倾斜:adj.肉少的:难以赚钱的:贫乏的:n.瘦肉:
Well two years ago, we decided, let's transform the model of fighting hunger, and instead of giving out the food aid, we put it into food banks. 两年之前 我们决定要改革对抗饥饿的模式。 我们并不分发粮食,而是将粮食放入粮食银行。
And we said, listen, during the lean season, take the food out. 我们说, 在欠收季节里把粮食取出来,
You manage, the village manages these warehouses. 你们来管理。这些粮仓由那些村庄来管理。
And during harvest, put it back with interest, food interest. 在收获季节把粮食存回银行获得利息, 粮食利息。
So add in five percent, 10 percent more food. 这样一来收入百分之五,百分之十的额外的粮食。
For the past two years, 500 of these villages where these are have not needed any food aid -- they're self-sufficient . 在过去的两年, 500个这样的村庄 再没有要求粮食救济,他们已经可以自给自足。
self-sufficient:adj.自给自足的;极为自负的;过于自信的;
And the food banks are growing. 而这些粮食银行正在扩大。
And they're starting school feeding programs for their children by the people in the village. 村里的人们正为他们的孩子 设立学校供膳项目。
But they've never had the ability to build even the basic infrastructure or the resources. 但在之前, 他们从来没有能力或是资源 来建立甚至是基本的基础设施。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
I love this idea that came from the village level: three keys to unlock that warehouse. 我最喜欢这一来自农村阶层的主意: 用三把钥匙来打开粮仓。
Food is gold there. 在那里粮食就是金子。
And simple ideas can transform the face, not of small areas, of big areas of the world. 而简单的主意可以改变 不光是小地区, 而且是世界广泛地区的面貌。
I'd like to talk about what I call digital food. 我想讲一下所谓的数码粮食。
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
Technology is transforming the face of food vulnerability in places where you see classic famine. 在经常发生饥荒的地区, 科技正改变着 粮食稀缺的状况。
classic:n.名著;优秀的典范;adj.最优秀的;第一流的;有代表性的;典型的;
Amartya Sen won his Nobel Prize for saying, "Guess what, famines happen in the presence of food because people have no ability to buy it." Amartya Sen获得诺贝尔奖 时说到,“你们猜猜看？在有粮食的情况下, 因为人们没有购买能力,饥荒仍旧发生。”
Nobel Prize:n.诺贝尔奖; famines:n.饥荒;饥饿,奇缺; in the presence of:在…面前;有某人在场;
We certainly saw that in 2008. 我们在2008年的确就看到了这一幕。
We're seeing that now in the Horn of Africa where food prices are up 240 percent in some areas over last year. 我们现在看到,在非洲之角的某些地区 粮食价格在过去一年 上涨百分之二百四十。
Food can be there and people can't buy it. 粮食可以在那里存在但人们却买不起。
Well this picture -- I was in Hebron in a small shop, this shop, where instead of bringing in food, we provide digital food, a card. 在这张照片里,我在希布伦的一个小商店里。 我们并不给这家商店带来食物, 而是提供数码食物,一张卡。
It says " bon appetit " in Arabic. 它上面用阿拉伯文写着“祝你胃口好”。
bon appetit:好胃口;祝你胃口好;烹饪;
And the women can go in and swipe and get nine food items . 妇女们可以进去刷卡, 购买九样食品。
swipe:vt.猛击;偷窃;刷…卡;n.猛击;尖刻的话;vi.猛打;大口喝酒; items:n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一则,一条(新闻)(item的复数)
They have to be nutritious , and they have to be locally produced. 这些食品必须是有营养的, 并产于当地。
nutritious:adj.有营养的,滋养的; locally:adv.在本地;局部地;在地方上;
And what's happened in the past year alone is the dairy industry -- where this card's used for milk and yogurt and eggs and hummus -- the dairy industry has gone up 30 percent. 仅在过去一年里, 奶品行业-- 而这张卡被用于购买牛奶,奶酪, 鸡蛋和鹰嘴豆泥 奶品行业增长了百分之三十。
dairy:n.奶制品; adj.乳品的; hummus:n.鹰嘴豆泥;鹰嘴豆沙(等于hoummus);
The shopkeepers are hiring more people. 店主们雇佣着越来越多的帮手。
shopkeepers:n.店主,老板;
It is a win-win-win situation that starts the food economy moving. 这是一个 推动着粮食经济发展的互赢局面。
We now deliver food in over 30 countries over cell phones, transforming even the presence of refugees in countries, and other ways. 我们现在通过手机 来递送食物到超过三十个国家, 改变着某些国家难民的状况 以及其他方面。
refugees:n.避难者;逃亡者;难民;(refugee的复数)
Perhaps most exciting to me is an idea that Bill Gates, Howard Buffett and others have supported boldly , which is to ask the question: 也许最令我兴奋的 是比尔.·盖茨,霍华德·巴菲特Howard Buffett和其他人 都广泛支持的一个主意。 这个主意是来问这样一个问题:
boldly:adv.大胆地;冒失地;显眼地;
What if , instead of looking at the hungry as victims -- and most of them are small farmers who cannot raise enough food or sell food to even support their own families -- what if we view them as the solution, as the value chain to fight hunger? 饥饿的受害者中 大部分是不能靠生产足够粮食 或是出卖粮食 来维持家里生计的小规模农民-- 如果我们不把他们看成是受害者,而是解决问题的方法, 对抗饥饿的价值链呢？
What if:如果…怎么办?
What if from the women in Africa who cannot sell any food -- there's no roads, there's no warehouses, there's not even a tarp to pick the food up with -- what if we give the enabling environment for them to provide the food to feed the hungry children elsewhere ? 如果我们能给那些 不能销售任何粮食的非洲妇女们提供一个环境-- 她们现在所在的环境里没有公路,没有粮仓, 甚至收集粮食的柏油帆布-- 使她们能在其他地方 为她们忍饥捱饿的孩子 提供粮食呢？
tarp:n.油布;防水布; enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词); elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
And Purchasing for Progress today is in 21 countries. 今天,“为发展而购买”项目在二十一个国家进行着,
Purchasing:n.购买;采购;v.买;购买;采购;(purchase的现在分词)
And guess what? 你们猜猜看？
In virtually every case, when poor farmers are given a guaranteed market -- if you say, "We will buy 300 metric tons of this. 在所有的案例中, 当我们给予贫困家庭一个有保障的市场-- 比如说,“我们要买三百公制吨农产品。
virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; guaranteed:adj.必然的; v.保证; metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的;
We'll pick it up. We'll make sure it's stored properly." -- their yields have gone up two-, three-, fourfold and they figure it out, because it's the first guaranteed opportunity they've had in their life. 我们会购买。我们会保证妥善保存这些产品。” 这些产品生产量会提高二,三,四倍 他们意识到, 因为这是他们生命中第一有保障的机会。
yields:n.生产量,投资效益(yield的复数形式); v.[经]生产; fourfold:adj.四倍的;四重的;四垒的;adv.四倍;四重;
And we're seeing people transform their lives. 我们看到人们改变了他们的生活。
Today, food aid, our food aid -- huge engine -- 80 percent of it is bought in the developing world. 今天,粮食救济,我们的粮食救济 是极大的引擎 百分之八十的粮食救济流向发展中国家。
Total transformation that can actually transform the very lives that need the food. 全面的改变 能真正的改变那些需要粮食的生命。
Now you'd ask, can this be done at scale? 你会问,这些能够大规模的实施吗？
These are great ideas, village-level ideas. 这些都是很好的主意,农村级的主意。
village-level:村级;
Well I'd like to talk about Brazil , because I've taken a journey to Brazil over the past couple of years, when I read that Brazil was defeating hunger faster than any nation on Earth right now. 我想讲一下巴西, 因为在过去的几年里, 当我读到巴西现在对抗饥饿的进展比地球上所有的国家都快时, 我有了前往巴西的旅途。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
And what I've found is, rather than investing their money in food subsidies and other things, they invested in a school feeding program. 我发现, 他们并不将金钱投入到粮食补贴 或是其他补贴上, 而是投入到一个学校供膳项目上。
investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词) subsidies:n.补贴;补助金;津贴;(subsidy的复数) invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式)
And they require that a third of that food come from the smallest farmers who would have no opportunity. 并且要求三分之一的粮食 来自最小规模的,
And they're doing this at huge scale after President Lula declared his goal of ensuring everyone had three meals a day. 没有盼头的农民。 在总统卢拉Lula宣布他的目标 是要保证人人都能吃上一日三餐后,他们开始大规模的实施这一项目。
ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词);
And this zero hunger program costs .5 percent of GDP and has lifted many millions of people out of hunger and poverty . 这一零饥饿项目 花费百分之五的国民生产总值, 将百万人 从饥饿和贫困中解救出来。
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
It is transforming the face of hunger in Brazil, and it's at scale, and it's creating opportunities. 这一项目正改变着巴西贫困的面貌, 并在大规模的实施着,创造着机会。
I've gone out there; I've met with the small farmers who have built their livelihoods on the opportunity and platform provided by this. 我到过那里,见过那些小规模农民 在凭着这一项目所创造的机会和平台 建立着 他们的生计。
livelihoods:n.赚钱謀生的手段;生计;(livelihood的复数) platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
Now if we look at the economic imperative here, this isn't just about compassion. 现在如果我们从经济紧要性来看, 这就不仅仅是关乎同情心了。
imperative:adj.重要紧急的; n.重要紧急的事;
The fact is studies show that the cost of malnutrition and hunger -- the cost to society, the burden it has to bear -- is on average six percent, and in some countries up to 11 percent, of GDP a year. 实际上研究表明, 营养不良和饥饿的 社会成本, 也说是社会所要承受的担子-- 每年平均来说相当于国民生产总值的百分之六, 在一些国家 甚至达到每年百分之十一。
And if you look at the 36 countries with the highest burden of malnutrition, that's 260 billion lost from a productive economy every year. 如果你按营养不良问题 最严重的三十六个国家来算, 那相当于每年从生产力中 流失二千六百亿元。
productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的;
Well, the World Bank estimates it would take about 10 billion dollars -- 10.3 -- to address malnutrition in those countries. 世界银行估计, 解决这些国家的 营养不良问题 需要大概一百亿元,一百零三亿元。
estimates:n.估计;估价;估计的成本;v.估价;估算(estimate的第三人称单数和复数)
You look at the cost-benefit analysis , and my dream is to take this issue, not just from the compassion argument, but to the finance ministers of the world, and say we cannot afford to not invest in the access to adequate, affordable nutrition for all of humanity. 你来做一下成本收益分析。 我的梦想是把这个问题, 不光从同情心的角度出发, 呈现给各国财务官员 来说明 我们不能不投入资源, 来保障全人类都能获得充足, 可支付得起的营养补给。
cost-benefit:adj.成本效益的; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; ministers:n.部长,大臣; v.辅助; (minister的第三人称单数和复数) affordable:adj.负担得起的;
The amazing thing I've found is nothing can change on a big scale without the determination of a leader. 我发现不可思议的是, 没有一位领导者的决心, 任何事情都不能产生大规模的改变。
determination:n.测定;确定;决心;计算;
When a leader says, "Not under my watch," 当一位领导者说,“这不能在我管治下发生”,
everything begins to change. 所有东西都开始改变。
And the world can come in with enabling environments and opportunities to do this. 这世界能变化 孕育环境和机会去实现这个。
And the fact that France has put food at the center of the G20 is really important. 而事实上十分重要的是, 法国已将粮食 投入到二十国峰会中心议题。
Because food is one issue that cannot be solved person by person, nation by nation. 因为粮食问题 不能靠一两个人,一两个国家解决。
We have to stand together. 我们必须联合起来。
And we're seeing nations in Africa. 我们看到非洲国家正联合起来。
WFP's been able to leave 30 nations because they have transformed the face of hunger in their nations. WFP世界粮食计划署已经可以撤出三十个国家,三十个国家, 因为他们已经改变了 他们国家饥饿的面貌。
What I would like to offer here is a challenge. 我想在这里提出一个挑战。
I believe we're living at a time in human history where it's just simply unacceptable that children wake up and don't know where to find a cup of food. 我相信我们现正处于人类历史的这样一个时刻, 我们不可以接受 孩子们醒来 却不知道在哪里能找到可以装满一个杯子的食物。
unacceptable:adj.不能接受(或允许、同意)的;
Not only that , transforming hunger is an opportunity, but I think we have to change our mindsets . 不仅如此, 改变饥饿 是一个机会。 我们要改变我们的思维方式。
only that:只是;要不是; mindsets:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态;
I am so honored to be here with some of the world's top innovators and thinkers. 我感到十分荣幸能在这里 同世界上最出色的创新者和思想家在一起。
innovators:n.创新者;发明家签证;革新消费者(innovator的复数形式);
And I would like you to join with all of humanity to draw a line in the sand and say, "No more. 我希望你们与全人类一起 在沙子上划一道线 并说:“不再。
line in the sand:底线;划清的界限;划清界限;
No more are we going to accept this." 我们不再接受这一现状。”
And we want to tell our grandchildren that there was a terrible time in history where up to a third of the children had brains and bodies that were stunted, but that exists no more. 我们还希望能够告诉我们的下一代, 历史上曾经有过一个糟糕的年代, 三分之一的儿童 因饥饿而全身心发育不良。 但那个年代已经不复存在。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）