JosephRavenell.2016-.理发店如何促进男性健康.；TED演讲稿

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JosephRavenell_2016-_理发店如何促进男性健康_
What do you see?	这是什么？
Most of you see a barbershop , but I see an opportunity: an opportunity for health, an opportunity for health equity .	大部分人看到的是理发店我看到的却是机会促进健康的机会促进健康平权的机会。
barbershop:n.理发店;adj.有男声合唱之和声的; equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值;
For black men, the barbershop is not just a place where you get your hair cut or your beard trimmed .	对黑人来说,理发店不仅仅是一个帮你剪头发、刮胡子的地方。
trimmed:adj.平衡的;切边;纵倾的;修整过的;
No, it's much more than that.	不,远远不止如此。
Historically , the barbershop has been a safe haven for black men.	历史上,理发店是黑人的避风港
Historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说; safe haven:n.安全的地方;避难所;
It's a place where we go for friendship, solidarity and solace .	是我们获得友谊相互支持和安慰的地方
solidarity:n.团结,团结一致; solace:n.安慰;慰藉;安慰之物;vt.安慰;抚慰;使快乐;
It's a place where we go to get away from the stress of the grind of work and sometimes home life.	是我们排解压力从繁重的工作和家庭压力
grind:v.磨碎;磨快;n.磨;苦工作;
It's a place where we don't have to worry about how we're being perceived by the outside world.	在这里我们不用担心外界眼光
perceived:v.注意到;意识到;将…视为;认为;(perceive的过去式和过去分词)
It's a place where we don't feel threatened, or threatening.	在这里我们不会感到威胁和被他人威胁的地方。
It's a place of loyalty and trust.	一个充满忠诚和信任的地方。
loyalty:n.忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情;
For that reason, it's one of the few places where we can fearlessly be ourselves and just ... talk.	因为这些原因它是少数几个我们可以毫无顾虑地做自己轻松聊天的地方。
fearlessly:adv.勇敢地;大胆地;
The talk, the shop talk , the conversation, that is the essence of the black barbershop.	闲扯、乱聊、谈心这就是黑人理发店的本质。
shop talk:n.有关工作(或公事)的谈话; essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精;
I can remember going to the barbershop with my dad as a kid.	我记得小时候和爸爸去理发店
We went to Mr. Mike's barbershop every other Saturday.	我们每隔一个周六去麦克先生家的理发店
And like clockwork , the same group of men would be there every time we went, either waiting on their favorite barber or just soaking up the atmosphere .	就像钟表发条一样,每次我们去都会有同样一群人在那里要么在等他们最喜欢的理发师要么沉浸在那种氛围中。
clockwork:n.发条装置;钟表装置; soaking:adj.湿透的;湿淋淋的;n.浸湿;浸透;v.浸泡;浸湿;湿透;(soak的现在分词) atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格;
I can remember the jovial greeting that warmly welcomed us every time we went.	我记得每次去的时候都受到热情的问候。
jovial:adj.天性快活的;主神朱庇特的; warmly:adv.热情地;温暖地;亲切地;
'"Hey Rev," they would say to my dad.	“嘿,小雷。” 他们向我爸打招呼。
He's a local pastor , and they treated him like a celebrity .	我爸是当地的牧师他们像对待名人一样对待他。
pastor:n.(尤指非英国国教的)牧师; treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) celebrity:n.名人;名声;
'"Hey young fella , how you doing?"	“嘿,小家伙,你好。”
fella:n.伙伴,伙计;小伙子;
they would say to me, making me feel just as special.	他们向我打招呼。这让我觉得自己很特别。
I remember the range of the conversations was immense .	我记得谈话的主题无所不包。
immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的;
The men would talk about politics and sports and music and world news, national news, neighborhood news.	男人们会谈论政治、体育和音乐国际新闻、国内新闻邻居的新情况
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
There was some talk about women and what it was like to be a black man in America.	有时也会谈论女人以及身为黑人在美国是什么感觉。
But many times they also talked about health.	但很多时候他们还会谈论健康。
The conversations about health were lengthy and deep.	他们会长时间地深入讨论。
lengthy:adj.漫长的,冗长的;啰唆的;
The men often recounted their doctor's recommendations to cut salt in their diet or to eat less fried foods or to stop smoking or to reduce stress.	他们经常会详述医生的建议减少对盐的摄入少吃油炸食品停止抽烟或者减少压力
recounted:vt.叙述;重新计算;n.重算; recommendations:n.推荐;推荐信;推荐规范(recommendation的复数形式);
They talked about the different ways you could reduce stress, like simplifying one's love life --	他们会谈论很多不同的减压方法比如简化爱情生活
simplifying:v.简约,简化(simplify进行时形式);
(Laughter)	（笑）
all ways to treat high blood pressure .	还有治疗高血压的各种方式。
blood pressure:n.[医]血压;
There's a lot of talk about high blood pressure in the barbershop.	在理发店有很多关于高血压的谈话
That's because almost 40 percent of black men have it.	因为接近40%的黑人都患有高血压。
That means that almost every single black man either has high blood pressure or knows a black man who has it.	这意味着几乎所有单身黑人男性要么患有高血压要么认识得高血压的人。
Sometimes, those conversations in the barbershop would be about what happens when high blood pressure is not adequately addressed .	有时候,这些在理发店的谈话是有关高血压没有得到充分治疗时造成的后果。
adequately:adv.充分地;足够地;适当地; addressed:v.写(收信人)姓名地址:致函:演说:演讲:向…说话; (address的过去分词和过去式)
'"Say, did you hear about Jimmy? He had a stroke ."	“你听说杰米怎么了吗？他中风了。”
stroke:n.中风;笔画;钟声;抚摩;v.抚摩(动物的毛皮);轻抚;轻挪;轻触;
'"Did you hear about Eddie? He died last week.	“你听说艾迪怎么了吗？他上周死了。
Massive heart attack .	严重心脏病
Massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; heart attack:n.[医]心肌梗塞
He was 50."	他才50岁。”
More black men die from high blood pressure than from anything else, even though decades of medical wisdom and science have demonstrated that death from high blood pressure can be prevented with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment .	黑人死于高血压的人数远高于其他种族哪怕几十年来,医疗和科技进步证明只要及时诊断和正确治疗高血压引发的死亡是可以避免的。
wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问; demonstrated:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;表达;(demonstrate的过去分词和过去式) timely:adj.及时的;适时的;adv.及时地;早; diagnosis:n.诊断; appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
So why is high blood pressure so differentially deadly for black men?	那为什么黑人死于高血压的人数如此之高？
differentially:adv.区别地; deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地;
Because too often, high blood pressure is either untreated or under-treated in black men, in part because of our lower engagement with the primary healthcare system.	因为很多患有高血压的黑人要么得不到治疗要么治疗不充分大多因为参加初级保健制度的黑人很少
untreated:adj.未经处理的;未经治疗的; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健;
Black men, in particular those with high blood pressure, are less likely to have a primary care doctor than other groups.	尤其是那些患高血压的黑人相对于其他群体更不大可能拥有一个保健医生。
in particular:尤其,特别;
But why?	为什么？
Some of our earliest research on black men's health revealed that for many, the doctor's office is associated with fear, mistrust , disrespect , and unnecessary unpleasantness .	一些关于黑人健康的早期研究表明诊所对很多黑人来说意味着恐惧猜疑轻视以及不必要的不愉快经历。
revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式) associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) mistrust:vt.猜疑;不信任;n.猜疑;疑虑;不信任 disrespect:n.无礼,失礼,不敬; unpleasantness:n.不愉快;不愉快的事,煞风景的事;
The doctor's office is only a place that you go when you don't feel well.	诊所是你不舒服时去的地方。
And when you do go, you might wait for hours only to get the run-around and to be evaluated by a stoic figure in a white coat who only has 10 minutes to give you and who doesn't value the talk.	当你去了诊所你可能需要等待数个小时只等来各种怠慢然后穿白大褂的冰冷人士花十分钟来做检查而且根本懒得和你谈话。
run-around:n.遁词;借口; evaluated:v.估计;评价;评估;(evaluate的过去分词和过去式) stoic:n.斯多葛学派哲学家; adj.坚忍的,苦修的;
So it's no wonder that some men don't want to be bothered and skip going to the doctor altogether, especially if they feel fine.	难怪一些人不想这么麻烦于是压根不去见医生特别是他们感觉还行的时候。
bothered:adj.烦(恼)的; v.使(某人)烦恼; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
But herein lies the problem.	但这里就会产生了问题。
herein:adv.此中,于此;焉;在这方面;
You can feel just fine while high blood pressure ravages your most vital organs .	虽然你感觉无恙高血压却在你身体的大部分重要器官里肆虐。
ravages:n.毁坏后的残迹; v.破坏(ravage的第三人称单数形式); vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的; organs:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴(organ的复数);
This is Denny Moe, owner of Denny Moe's Superstar Barbershop in Harlem .	这是丹尼摩 (Denny Moe) 纽约哈莱姆区丹尼摩超级巨星理发店店主。
Harlem:n.黑人住宅区(纽约的);
I've been lucky enough to have Denny as my barber for the last eight years.	过去八年,有丹尼做我的理发师,我很幸运。
He said to me once, "Hey Doc, you know, lots of black men trust their barbers more than they trust their doctors."	他曾经跟我说 “医生,你知道吗许多黑人宁可相信他们的理发师也不相信他们的医生。”
This was stunning to me,at first, but not so much when you think about it.	起初我很震惊但我仔细想了一下后就不惊讶了
stunning:adj.惊人的; v.使昏迷; (stun的现在分词)
Black men have been with their current barbers on average as long as I've been with Denny, about eight years.	黑人和他们的理发师认识的时间平均达到八年和我认识丹尼的时间一样长。
as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
And black men see their barbers about every two weeks.	黑人每两星期见他们的理发师一次
Not only do you trust your barber with your look and with your style, but you also trust him with your secrets and sometimes your life.	他们不仅在外貌和风格塑造上信任理发师而且在分享秘密、有时在私人生活方面也信任理发师
Denny, like many barbers, is more than just an artist, a businessman and confidant .	丹尼就像很多理发师,不仅仅是艺术家商人、密友。
confidant:n.知己;密友;
He's a leader and a passionate advocate for the well-being of his community .	他还是社区健康的领袖和热情的号召者。
passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的; advocate:v.拥护;支持;提倡;n.支持者;提倡者;辩护律师;出庭辩护人; well-being:n.幸福;康乐; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
The very first time I walked into Denny Moe's shop, he wasn't just cutting hair.	我第一次走进丹尼摩的理发店他不仅仅在为客人理发
He was also orchestrating a voter registration drive to give a voice to his customers and his community.	他正激励顾客去注册,成为选民为他的顾客和社区发声。
orchestrating:v.精心安排;编配或创作管弦乐曲;策划;密谋;(orchestrate的现在分词) voter:n.选举人,投票人;有投票权者; registration:n.登记;注册;挂号;
With this kind of activism , and community investment that typifies the black barbershop, of course the barbershop is a perfect place to talk about high blood pressure and other health concerns in the community.	这种活动和社区投资是黑人理发店的典型做法因此理发店理所当然是个完美的地方来讨论高血压和社区里的其他健康问题。
activism:n.行动主义;激进主义; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; typifies:vt.代表;作为…的典型;具有…的特点; concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式);
First, the barbershop is not a medical setting, and so it doesn't have all the negative psychological baggage that comes along with that.	首先,理发店不是一个医疗机构因此没有随之而来的负面心理负担。
negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; baggage:n.行李;[交]辎重(军队的);
When you're in a barbershop, you're in your territory , and you're among friends who share your history, your struggle and your health risks.	当你在理发店里时你在你的领地里,在朋友中间他们了解你的历史你的挣扎和你的健康风险。
territory:n.领土,领域;范围;地域;版图;
Second, because the barbershop is a place of connection, loyalty and trust, it's a place where you're more open to have a conversation about health and especially about high blood pressure.	第二,因为理发店是一个关系网人们忠诚而彼此信任所以你会在健康话题上敞开心扉尤其是有关高血压的。
After all, conversations about high blood pressure have all the elements of great shop talk: stress and high blood pressure, food and high blood pressure, relationships and high blood pressure,	毕竟,有关高血压的交谈具备所有精彩的商店谈话的元素: 压力和高血压食物和高血压人际关系和高血压
elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
and yes, what it's like to be a black man in America and high blood pressure.	而且没错,美国黑人生存处境与高血压的关系。
But you can do more than just talk about high blood pressure in the barbershop.	但除了在理发店里谈论高血压你还可以做更多。
You can concretely take action.	你可以切实采取行动。
concretely:adv.具体地;
Here we have an opportunity to partner with the Denny Moe's of the world and empower communities to address the health inequities that uniquely affect it.	我们有机会与丹尼摩的理发店合作帮助社区更好地处理导致高血压的保健不公平现象。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) inequities:n.不公平待遇(inequity的复数形式); uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地;
When high blood pressure screening expanded from clinics and hospitals to communities in the 1960s and '70s, black physicians like Dr. Eli Saunders in Baltimore and Dr. Keith Ferdinand in New Orleans	1960和70年代当高血压筛查从诊所和医院扩展到社区黑人医师,比如巴尔的摩的爱丽桑德斯(Eli Saunders)博士新奥尔良的基斯费迪南德(Keith Ferdinand)博士
expanded:adj.扩充的;展开的;vt.扩大(expand的过去式); clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式); physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数); Saunders:n.磨沙机; Baltimore:n.巴尔的摩(美国一座港市); Orleans:n.奥尔良(法国城市);
were at the forefront of bringing health promotion to community hubs in urban black neighborhoods.	率先在城市黑人社区的中心枢纽引入更好的保健措施。
forefront:n.最前线,最前部;活动的中心; hubs:n.枢纽;中心(hub的复数);毂; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
These pioneers paved the way for my professional journey with barbershops and health, which began in Chicago in medical school.	这些先驱为我的职业生涯铺平道路我从芝加哥的医学院开始将理发店和健康联系在一起。
paved:v.(用砖石)铺(地);(pave的过去分词和过去式) professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; barbershops:n.理发店;adj.有男声合唱之和声的;
The very first research project that I worked on as a medical student was to help design healthcare interventions that would appeal to black men.	我作为医学院学生的第一个研究项目是帮助设计保健干预措施以便吸引黑人就医。
interventions:n.[法]干预,干涉;处置(intervention的复数); appeal:n.上诉;吸引力;申诉;魅力;v.上诉;呼吁;申诉;恳求;
We conducted about a dozen focus groups with a broad cross-section of black men, and we learned that for them, being healthy was as much about being perceived as healthy as it was about feeling healthy, and that feeling good went hand in hand with looking good.	我们有大约12个焦点小组广泛囊括各个类型的黑人我们让他们了解到健康不仅仅是看上去健康而且要感觉健康而感觉健康也会让人看起来气色更好。
conducted:v.组织;安排;实施;执行;指挥;带领;引导;(conduct的过去分词和过去式) cross-section:n.横截面;横断面; hand in hand:adj.并进的;手拉手的;亲密的;
This work led to the development of Project Brotherhood , a community clinic founded by Dr. Eric Whitaker that provided tailored healthcare to black men.	这推动了兄弟项目(Project Brotherhood)的发展这是艾瑞克惠特克(Eric Whitaker)博士创办的一家社区诊所为黑人群体提供量身定做的医疗保健。
Brotherhood:n.兄弟关系;手足情谊;四海之内皆兄弟的信念; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
Part of this tailored care involved having a barber on the premises to reward the men who came for needed healthcare with a free haircut, to let the men know that we, too, valued how they looked as well as how they felt, and that what was important to them was also important to us.	部分特殊医疗包括将理发师纳入其中为那些前来进行所需治疗的人提供一次免费理发作为奖励让他们知道我们就像重视他们的感受一样重视他们的外表他们重视的东西也是我们重视的东西。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) premises:n.营业场所;(企业的)房屋建筑及附属场地;(premise的复数) reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
But while there's only one Project Brotherhood, there are thousands of black barbershops where the intersection of health and haircuts can be cultivated .	虽然兄弟项目只有一个但我们还有数千家理发店我们可以充分开发这些健康和理发的交汇点。
intersection:n.交叉;十字路口;交集;交叉点; cultivated:adj.栽培的; v.栽培; (cultivate的过去式和过去分词)
The next stop on my journey was Dallas , Texas, where we learned that barbers were not only willing but fully able to roll up their sleeves and participate	我行程的下一站是德州的达拉斯我们发现那里的理发师不仅仅愿意而且完全有能力卷起袖子
Dallas:n.达拉斯(美国城市); sleeves:n.[服装]袖子; v.给…装袖子; (sleeve的单三形式) participate:v.参加;参与;
in delivering needed health services to improve the health of their customers and their community.	参与到传播必要的医疗服务工作中来为促进顾客健康和提升社区做贡献。
improve:v.改进;改善;
We teamed up with an amazing cadre of black barbers and taught them how to measure blood pressure and how to counsel their customers and refer them to doctors to help manage high blood pressure.	我们将很多杰出的黑人理发师组织起来教会他们如何测量血压怎样为顾客提建议向他们推荐医生帮助他们控制血压。
teamed up with:与…合作,与…协作; cadre:n.干部;基础结构;骨骼; counsel:n.劝告,忠告,建议;法律顾问;律师;vt.提供专业咨询;建议,劝告(做某事) refer:v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅;
The barbers were not only willing to do it but they were damn good at it.	理发师们不仅愿意这么做而且他们做得太棒了。
damn:v.谴责;该死;n.诅咒;adj.可恶的;
Over a three-year period, the barbers measured thousands of blood pressures resulting in hundreds of black men being referred to doctors for medical care of their high blood pressure.	在三年中理发师们为数千人测量了血压介绍数百名黑人前往就医接受高血压的治疗。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式) referred:v.提到;引用;认为;指示;涉及;(refer的过去式和过去分词)
These barber-doctor partnerships resulted in a 20 percent increase in the number of men who were able to achieve target blood pressure levels and a three-point drop, on average, in the blood pressure of each participant .	这些理发师和医生的合作项目导致能够达到目标血压水平的人提高了20% 每个参与者的血压指数平均降低了三点。
partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数) three-point:三点; participant:adj.参与的;有关系的;n.参与者;关系者;
If we were to extrapolate that three point drop to every single black man with high blood pressure in America, we would prevent 800 heart attacks, 500 strokes and 900 deaths from high blood pressure in just one year.	如果我们能让每一个患高血压的美国黑人的血压指数都降低三点我们就能在一年时间内防止由高血压引起的 800次心脏病、500次中风,和900例死亡。
extrapolate:vt.外推;推断;vi.外推;进行推断; strokes:n.中风; v.轻抚; (stroke的第三人称单数和复数)
And our experience with barbershops has been no different in New York City, where my journey has currently led me.	我们与纽约理发师的合作也一样这也是我目前开展工作的地方。
currently:adv.当前;一般地;
With an incredible team of diverse research assistants, community health workers and volunteers , we've been able to partner with over 200 barbershops and other trusted community venues to reach over 7,000 older black men.	我的队伍很出色我们有多元化的研究助手社区保健工人和志愿者我们已经与超过200家理发店以及其他可信的社区场所合作接触到超过7000名黑人。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; volunteers:n.志愿者; v.自愿做; (volunteer的第三人称单数和复数) venues:n.场地,场馆(venue复数形式);犯罪现场,发生地点;
And we've offered high blood pressure screening and counseling to each and every one of them.	我们为每个人提供高血压筛查和咨询。
counseling:n.咨询服务;v.建议;劝告;商讨;(counsel的现在分词形式)
Thanks to Denny Moe and the myriad other barbers and community leaders who shared the vision of opportunity and empowerment to make a difference in their communities,	谢谢丹尼摩等众多理发师以及社区领导们他们也看到了改变社区的机遇和力量。
myriad:adj.无数的;种种的;n.无数,极大数量;无数的人或物; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; empowerment:n.许可,授权; make a difference:有影响,有关系;
we've been able to not only lower blood pressure in our participants , but we've also been able to impact other health indicators .	我们不仅降低了项目参与者的血压而且还影响到其他健康指数。
participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式); impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; indicators:n.指示信号;标志;指针;方向灯;(indicator的复数)
So what do you see?	所以,你怎么看？
What is your barbershop?	你的“理发店”是什么？
Where is that place for you where people who are affected by a unique problem can meet a unique solution ?	你心目中的这个地方是哪里？那个能够为面对独特难题的人们提供独特的解决方式的地方？
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
When you find that place, see the opportunity.	当你找到那个地方,那就是你的机会。
Thank you.	谢谢。
(Applause)	（掌声）

JosephRavenell_2016-_理发店如何促进男性健康_