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JoseMiguelSokoloff_2014G-_如何以圣诞灯光让游击队缴械_
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| So, I thought a lot about the first word I'd say today, and I decided to say "Colombia." |
话说我想了很久今天该用哪个词彙开场呢？ 最后我决定用「哥伦比亚」 |
| And the reason, I don't know how many of you have visited Colombia, but Colombia is just north of the border with Brazil . |
原因是,我不知道你们有多少人去过哥伦比亚 不过哥伦比亚就在巴西的边界以北 |
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Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
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| It's a beautiful country with extraordinary people, like me and others -- (Laughter) -- and it's populated with incredible fauna , flora . |
是个十分美丽的国家 拥有很多优秀的人民譬如我本人啦（观众笑）,还有其他人 而且,这国家遍布着不可思议的动植物群 |
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extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; populated:v.生活于; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; fauna:n.动物群;[动]动物区系; flora:n.植物区系;植物群;
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| It's got water; it's got everything to be the perfect place. |
山明水秀、应有尽有是个十分完美的地方 |
| But we have a few problems. |
但我们仍存在一些问题 |
| You may have heard of some of them. |
你们可能也有所耳闻 |
| We have the oldest standing guerrilla in the world. |
我们有世上现存最悠久的游击队 |
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guerrilla:n.游击战;游击队;
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| It's been around for over 50 years, which means that in my lifetime, |
大约有超过五十年的历史了 也就是说,在我有生之年 |
| I have never lived one day of peace in my country. |
我的国家没有一天是和平的 |
| This guerrilla -- and the main group is the FARC guerrillas , |
这游击队,主要是由 FARC 游击队组成 |
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guerrillas:n.游击队(guerrilla的复数);游击队员;游击战;
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| Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia -- they have financed their war by kidnapping, by extortion , by getting into the drug trade, by illegal mining. |
即「哥伦比亚革命武装军」 他们的战备资金,来自于掳人勒赎 以及毒品交易、非法矿采等等 |
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Revolutionary:adj.革命性的;革命的;彻底变革的;n.改革者;革命者; Armed Forces:n.武装力量; extortion:n.勒索;敲诈;强夺;被勒索的财物; illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
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| There has been terrorism . There have been random bombs. |
还有一些恐怖主义、无差别炸弹攻击等 |
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terrorism:n.恐怖主义; random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地;
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| So it's not good. It's not really good. |
所以说,这很不好,真的非常糟糕 |
| And if you look at the human cost of this war over 50 years, we have had more than 5.7 million displaced population. |
那,如果你看看这 50 多年来争战耗费的人力成本 我们有超过 570 万的人民被迫离开自己的家园 |
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displaced:v.取代;替代;置换;迫使(某人)离开家园;转移;(displace的过去式和过去分词)
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| It's one of the biggest displaced populations in the world, and this conflict has cost over 220,000 lives. |
这是世界上最大规模的人口迁移 这样的武力冲突夺走了超过 22 万人的生命 |
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conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
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| So it's a little bit like the Bolívar wars again. |
有点像玻利瓦之战的历史重演 |
| It's a lot of people who have died unnecessarily . |
有很多无辜的人民枉死 |
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unnecessarily:adv.不必要地;多余地;
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| We are now in the middle of peace talks, and we've been trying to help resolve this problem peacefully , and as part of that, we decided to try something completely lateral and different: |
现在和平会谈正在进行中 但一路以来我们一直想协助用和平的方式解决问题 在这样的前提下 我们决定尝试绕点路,一个完全不同的方法: |
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resolve:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决; peacefully:adv.平静地;和平地; lateral:adj.侧面的,横向的;n.侧部;[语]边音;vt.横向传球;
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| Christmas lights. |
「圣诞灯光」 |
| So Christmas lights, and you're saying, what the hell is this guy going to talk about? |
所以,「圣诞灯光」你可能会说: 「这家伙是在说什么鬼话？」 |
| I am going to talk about gigantic trees that we put in nine strategic pathways in the jungle covered with Christmas lights. |
我要说的是,巨大的树 我们选择了九条路线把这些树布置在丛林里 并在树上挂满了圣诞灯饰 |
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I am going to:我将要做什么事情 gigantic:adj.巨大的,庞大的; strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的; pathways:n.小路;小径(pathway的复数); jungle:n.密林;尔虞我诈的环境;危险地带;
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| These trees helped us demobilize 331 guerrillas, roughly five percent of the guerrilla force at the time. |
这些树起了作用有 331 名游击队员因此瓦解 这大约是当时游击队军力的百分之五 |
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demobilize:vt.遣散;使复员;使退伍(demobilise); roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地;
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| These trees were lit up at night, and they had a sign beside them that said, "If Christmas can come to the jungle, you can come home. |
晚上点亮这些树 并且他们在树旁树立了标语牌 上面写着:「若圣诞节能降临此地,你们应可回家过节。 |
| Demobilize. |
撤退吧。 |
| At Christmas, everything is possible." |
圣诞佳节之时,没有什么不可能的。」 |
| So how do we know these trees worked? |
所以,我们怎么知道这些树有效呢？ |
| Well, we got 331, which is okay, but we also know that not a lot of guerrillas saw them, but we know that a lot of guerrillas heard about them, and we know this because we are constantly talking to demobilized guerrillas. |
嗯,331 这数字还算不错的成果 但我们也知道并没有很多的游击队员看到这些树 但我们知道有很多人听说了这件事 我们会知道 是因为我们一直与已退出的游击队员保持联系 |
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constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; demobilized:遣散;
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| So let me take you back four years before the trees. |
让我带你们回到还没有布置这些树的四年之前 |
| Four years before the trees, we were approached by the government to help them come up with a communications strategy to get as many guerrillas as we could out of the jungle. |
还没有布置这些树的四年之前,政府来找我们 希望我们幫忙想出沟通的策略 尽可能让更多游击队员离开丛林 |
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approached:v.走近;临近;探讨;建议;(approach的过去分词和过去式) come up with:提出;想出;赶上; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
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| The government had a military strategy, it had a legal strategy, it had a political strategy, but it said, "We don't really have a communications strategy, and it probably would be a good thing to have," |
政府是有军事策略 也有订下法律策略 也有政治策略,但政府说: 「我们倒没有沟通策略, 如果有的话应该会更好。」 |
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military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
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| so we decided to immediately jump into this, because it is an opportunity to affect the outcome of the conflict with the things that we do, with the tools that we have. |
所以我们立刻投入计划, 因为这是改变这场冲突结果的机会 是我们的拿手好戏用手上有的手段工具就能做到 |
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outcome:n.结果,结局;成果;
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| But we didn't know very much about it. |
但我们其实对游击队一窍不通 |
| We didn't understand in Colombia, if you live in the cities, you're very far away from where the war is actually happening, so you don't really understand it, and we asked the government to give us access to as many demobilized guerrillas as possible. |
我们不了解在哥伦比亚发生......如果你住在城市里 那些真实发生的状况其实离你很遥远 所以你不会瞭解 我们请政府开放管道 让我们尽可能接触到那些投诚的游击队员 |
| And we talked to about 60 of them before we felt we fully understood the problem. |
我们大约和 60 位队员谈过 之后我们才真正、完整地了解这个问题 |
| We talked about -- they told us why they had joined the guerrillas, why the left the guerrillas, what their dreams were, what their frustrations were, |
离开游击队的原因、他们有什么梦想 他们遇到哪些挫折 |
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frustrations:n.沮丧;受阻;阻止;挫败;(frustration的复数)
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| and from those conversations came the underlying insight that has guided this whole campaign, which is that guerrillas are as much prisoners of their organizations as the people they hold hostage . |
从这些对话中我们思量背后隐含的意义 导引出这整场行动 那就是,这些游击队员们其实一如囚犯,被组织掌控着 沦为人质一般 |
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underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) insight:n.洞察力;洞悉; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; hostage:n.人质;抵押品;
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| And at the beginning , we were so touched by these stories, we were so amazed by these stories, that we thought that maybe the best way to talk to the guerrillas was to have them talk to themselves, |
刚开始,我们听了这些故事非常感动 这些故事深深撼动了我们 因此我们觉得和游击队沟通的最好方式 就是让自己人去说服他们 |
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at the beginning:首先;从一开始;起初;从头开始;
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| so we recorded about a hundred different stories during the first year, and we put them on the radio and television so that the guerrillas in the jungle could hear stories, their stories, or stories similar to theirs, and when they heard them, they decided to go out. |
所以第一年我们录下了差不多一百则故事 然后在广播电视等媒体播放 让这些丛林里的游击队员能够听到这些故事,他们的故事 和他们自身相似的故事 当他们听到这些故事会决定要离开 |
| I want to tell you one of these stories. |
我想告诉你们其中一则故事 |
| This person you see here is Giovanni Andres. |
你们看到的这个人叫做乔安尼·安德烈斯 |
| Giovanni Andres is 25 when we took that picture. |
乔安尼·安德烈斯二十五岁的时候我们拍下这张照片 |
| He had been seven years in the guerrilla, and he had demobilized very recently . |
他在游击队里待了七年然后他最近退出了 |
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recently:adv.最近;新近;
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| His story is the following: |
他的故事是这样的: |
| He was recruited when he was 17, and sometime later, in his squadron , if you will, this beautiful girl was recruited, and they fell in love. |
他十七岁的时候加入 一段时间之后在他的「连」上,姑且称为「连」吧 有一位美丽的女孩加入了他们相恋交往 |
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recruited:v.招聘,雇佣;招募;(recruit的过去分词和过去式) squadron:n.空军中队;一群;骑兵中队;分遣队;小舰队;vt.把…编成中队;
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| Their conversations were about what their family was going to be like, what their kids' names would be, how their life would be when they left the guerrilla. |
他们聊到未来的家庭 小孩名字要取什么 脱离游击队之后会是怎样的生活 |
| But it turns out that love is very strictly forbidden in the lower ranks of the guerrilla, so their romance was discovered and they were separated. |
但结果却是 基层的游击队员严禁恋爱交往 他们的关系被发现之后就被强制隔离 |
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forbidden:adj.禁止的; v.禁止; (forbid的过去分词和过去式) romance:n.爱情;恋爱;风流韵事;传奇故事;
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| He was sent very far away, and she was left behind. |
他被遣送到远方战区而她则留置下来 |
| She was very familiar with the territory , so one night, when she was on guard, she just left, and she went to the army, she demobilized, and she was one of the persons that we had the fortune to talk to, and we were really touched by this story, so we made a radio spot, and it turns out, by chance , that far away, many, many kilometers north, he heard her on the radio, and when he heard her on the radio, he said, "What am I doing here? |
她很熟悉当地的地形 所以她在某个当值的晚上 她就逃了 她投诚军方,策反了 我们有幸可以访问到她 而我们听到这个故事很感动 因此找了个时段广播放送 而且就这么刚好 在遥远的、多少公里之外的北方 他刚好在广播中听到了她的声音 当他听到广播中的她他想:「我到底在干嘛？ |
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familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; territory:n.领土,领域;范围;地域;版图; fortune:n.财富;命运;运气;v.给予财富,偶然发生 by chance:偶然;意外地;
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| She had the balls to get out. I need to do the same thing." |
她有胆逃出去,我可以像她一样。」 |
| And he did. |
他成功了 |
| He walked for two days and two nights, and he risked his life and he got out, and the only thing he wanted was to see her. |
他走了两天两夜 他不顾生命危险,逃了出来 他一心只想再见到她 |
| The only thing that was in his mind was to see her. |
他脑海中唯一想的就是再见她一面 |
| The story was, they did meet. |
故事的后续是,他们见到面了 |
| I know you're wondering if they did meet. |
我知道你们想问他们到底有没有见到面 |
| They did meet. |
他们见到了面 |
| She had been recruited when she was 15, and she left when she was 17, so there were a lot of other complications, but they did eventually meet. |
她十五岁的时候加入十七岁的时候离开 这中间还有很多复杂的问题 但他们最终见到了彼此 |
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eventually:adv.最后,终于;
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| I don't know if they're together now, but I can find out. (Laughter) |
我不知道他们现在是不是在一起我可以去问一下（观众笑） |
| But what I can tell you is that our radio strategy was working. |
但我可以告诉你们广播放送的策略是有用的 |
| The problem is that it was working in the lower ranks of the guerrilla. |
问题在于,这只适用于低阶的游击队员 |
| It was not working with the commanders , the people that are more difficult to replace, because you can easily recruit but you can't get the older commanders. |
但对高阶的指挥官就没有用了 那些高阶队员较难取代 因为募集年轻队员容易却很难找到年纪大一点的指挥官 |
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commanders:n.指挥官(commander的复数);
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| So we thought, well, we'll use the same strategy. |
所以我们就想,好吧那我们就依样画葫芦 |
| We'll have commanders talking to commanders. |
我们让长官们去和长官们喊话 |
| And we even went as far as asking ex-commanders of the guerrilla to fly on helicopters with microphones telling the people that used to fight with them, "There is a better life out there," |
而且我们甚至真的去找了那些游击队的退役指挥官 让他们坐着直升机,提着扩音器 告诉那些曾经并肩作战的队友: 「外面可以过上更好的生活。」 |
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as far as:至于…; microphones:n.[电子]麦克风(microphone的复数);
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| '"I'm doing good," "This is not worth it," etc. |
「我现在过得很好。」「做这样的事不值得。」等等 |
| But, as you can all imagine, it was very easy to counteract , because what was the guerrilla going to say? |
但是,你们大概也可以想到这也很容易被反制 因为你想想游击队会说什么？ |
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counteract:vt.抵消;中和;阻碍;
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| '"Yeah, right, if he doesn't do that, he's going to get killed." |
「对啦对啦,如果他不这样做的话,可能就会被杀。」 |
| So it was easy, so we were suddenly left with nothing, because the guerrilla were spreading the word that all of those things are done because if they don't do it, they're in danger. |
这太简单了,所以这招一下子就没效 因为游击队内部也会消毒 说他们做这么多宣传 是因为他们不这样做,生命就会有危险 |
| And somebody, some brilliant person in our team, came back and said, "You know what I noticed? |
然后有人,我们团队里有个天才 回头说:「我发现一件事 |
| I noticed that around Christmastime , there have been peaks of demobilization since this war has started." |
我发现在圣诞节的时候 都有一波退役潮 打从这场战争开始就有了。」 |
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Christmastime:n.圣诞节期(等于Christmastide) peaks:n.山顶;峰巅(peak的复数); demobilization:n.复员;遣散(demobilize的名词);
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| And that was incredible, because that led us to think that we needed to talk to the human being and not to the soldier. |
这下子不得了 因为这让我们想到我们应该和「人」对话 而不是和军人对话 |
| We needed to step away from talking from government to army, from army to army, and we needed to talk about the universal values, and we needed to talk about humanity . |
我们要跳出对话这个框框 不是政府对敌营,不是军方对叛军 我们应该讨论的是普世价值 我们要和人性对话 |
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universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
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| And that was when the Christmas tree happened. |
而这就是「圣诞树」想法的诞生 |
| This picture that I have here, you see this is the planning of the Christmas trees, and that man you see there with the three stars, he's Captain Juan Manuel Valdez. |
这张照片 可以看到我们正在讨论圣诞树计画 而那位肩附三星的的男人 是璜·马钮艾尔·瓦德兹上尉 |
| Captain Valdez was the first high-ranking official to give us the helicopters and the support we needed to put these Christmas trees up, and he said in that meeting something that I will never forget. |
璜·马钮艾尔·瓦德兹上尉是第一位高阶长官 提供我们直升机、与相关的支援 协助立起这些圣诞树 在那次会议中他说的话我永远不会忘记 |
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high-ranking official:un.[政]高级官员;
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| He said, "I want to do this because being generous makes me stronger, makes my men feel stronger." |
他说:「我想这么做是因为,宽宏大量让我更强大 让我们的人感到更强大。」 |
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generous:adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽宏大量的;有雅量的;
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| And I get very emotional when I remember him because he was killed later in combat and we really miss him, but I wanted you all to see him, because he was really, really important. |
我想到他就非常激动 因为后来他在战场上牺牲了我们非常感念他 但我想让你们都看看他因为他实在非常非常重要 |
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emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗;
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| He gave us all the support to put up the first Christmas trees. |
他全力支持我们完成第一批圣诞树 |
| What happened later is that the guerrillas who came out during the Christmas tree operation and all of that said, "That's really good, Christmas trees are really cool, but you know what? We really don't walk anymore. |
后来的故事就是游击队员们出来 看到了我们的「圣诞树行动」 说:「这很棒,放圣诞树很酷。」 不过我跟你们说后来我们不再走陆路了 |
| We use rivers." |
我们利用河运 |
| So rivers are the highways of the jungle, and this is something we learned, and most of the recruiting was being done in and around the river villages. |
河流就是丛林里的高速公路 这是我们学到的其中一点 而多数的游击队员募集都是来自河边的村子或周围的聚落 |
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recruiting:v.吸收(新成员);征募(新兵);动员;(recruit的现在分词)
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| So we went to these river villages, and we asked the people, and probably some of them were direct acquaintances of the guerrillas. |
所以我们就跑去那些河边的村落 我们问村里的人 我想他们有些人可能有认识的人在当游击队员 |
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acquaintances:n.认识的人;熟人;略有交情;(对某事物的)了解;(acquaintance的复数)
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| We asked them, "Can you send guerrillas a message?" |
我们问他们:「可以请你们和游击队的人说些什么吗？」 |
| We collected over 6,000 messages. |
我们收集了超过六千则留言 |
| Some of them were notes saying, get out. |
有些人写纸条说:「逃吧！」 |
| Some of them were toys. Some of them were candy. |
有些送出玩具有些送的是糖果 |
| Even people took off their jewelry, their little crosses and religious things, and put them in these floating balls that we sent down the rivers so that they could be picked up at night. |
甚至有人拿出自己的珠宝十字架坠饰和宗教信物 把这些东西全部放在浮球里面放到河面上 晚上的时候人们就可以把这些捡起来 |
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religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑;
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| And we sent thousands of these down the rivers, and then picked them up later if they weren't. |
我们送出了上千个浮球,顺流而下 然后剩下没有被捡到的我们再收回来 |
| But lots of them were picked up. |
但有很多都被捡走了 |
| This generated , on average, a demobilization every six hours, so this was incredible and it was about: Come home at Christmas. |
这个活动产生的结果是平均每六小时有一名队员退出 这结果很惊人,一切是在说:「圣诞节了,回家过节吧。」 |
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generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
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| Then came the peace process , and when the peace process started, the whole mindset of the guerrilla changed. |
然后就来到了和平进程 当和平会谈开始时 游击队的观念整个改变了 |
|
peace process:n.和平进程;
|
| And it changed because it makes you think, "Well, if there's a peace process, this is probably going to be over. |
他们会转变是因为 这令人想到:「嗯,如果都能和平会谈了 这场战争大概快要结束了 |
| At some point I'm going to get out." |
到时候我总会退役的 |
| And their fears completely changed, and their fears were not about, "Am I going to get killed?" |
他们的恐惧完全地改变了 他们不是怕说:「我会不会被杀？」 |
| Their fears were, "Am I going to be rejected ? |
而是怕:「我会不会被排拒在外呢？」 |
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rejected:adj.被拒的;不合格的;v.拒绝,驳回;(reject的过去式和过去分词)
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| When I get out of this, am I going to be rejected?" |
「当我出来的时候,我会不会被社会排挤呢？」 |
| So the past Christmas, what we did was we asked -- we found 27 mothers of guerrillas, and we asked them to give us pictures of their children, when they only could recognize themselves, so as not to put their lives in danger, |
因此在去年圣诞节我们邀请... 我们找了 27 位游击队员的母亲 请她们提供子女的照片 只有本人会认得自己儿时的长相所以他们不会有生命危险 |
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recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
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| and we asked them to give the most motherly message you can get, which is, "Before you were a guerrilla, you were my child, so come home, I'm waiting for you." |
然后我们请每位母亲留下最慈爱的话语 说道:「在你身为游击队员之前,你是我的孩子 所以回来吧,我等着你。」 |
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motherly:adj.母亲的;慈母般的;
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| You can see the pictures here. I'll show you a couple. |
看看这张照片我给大家看看这些 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Thank you. |
谢谢大家 |
| And these pictures were placed in many different places, and a lot of them came back, and it was really, really beautiful. |
这些照片张贴在很多地方 而有很多孩子回来了 这真的、真的很美 |
| And then we decided to work with society. |
然后我们就和社会合作 |
| So we did mothers around Christmastime. |
我们做过母亲的活动和圣诞节的 |
| Now let's talk about the rest of the people. |
现在我们来谈谈其余的人们 |
| And you may be aware of this or not, but there was a World Cup this year, and Colombia played really well, and it was a unifying moment for Colombia. |
你们也许知道,或是不清楚不过今年举行了世足赛 哥伦比亚取得了非常好的成绩这也是哥伦比亚民心团结的重要时刻 |
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unifying:使统一;(unify的现在分词)使成一体;
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| And what we did was tell the guerrillas, "Come, get out of the jungle. We're saving a place for you." |
而我们就告诉游击队员们: 「来吧,离开丛林,我们还留了位置给你。」 |
| So this was television, this was all different types of media saying, "We are saving a place for you." |
这是电视画面是各种不同的型态的媒体讯息: 「我们有留下你的位置。」 |
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media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
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| The soldier here in the commercial says, "I'm saving a place for you right here in this helicopter so that you can get out of this jungle and go enjoy the World Cup." |
广告里的这位军人说道: 「我在直升机上留了一个位置给你 你可以离开丛林,和大家一起看世界杯。」 |
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commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
|
| Ex-football players, radio announcers , everybody was saving a place for the guerrilla. |
前足球选手、播报员、 每个人都留了一个位置给游击队员 |
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announcers:n.[广播]广播员;宣告者;
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| So since we started this work a little over eight years ago, 17,000 guerrillas have demobilized. |
所以我们八年多前开始这个工作 共 17000 名游击队员脱离苦海 |
| I do not -- (Applause) |
我并不是...（掌声） |
| Thank you. |
谢谢你们 |
| I don't want to say in any way that it only has to do with what we do, but what I do know is that our work and the work that we do may have helped a lot of them start thinking about demobilization, and it may have helped a lot of them take the final decision. |
我并不是说一切都是因为我们这并非全是我们的功劳 但我知道我们的努力我们做的事情 可能幫助到很多人让他们开始考虑选择离开游击队 也可能让他们很多人下定决心行动 |
| If that is true, advertising is still one of the most powerful tools of change that we have available. |
如果真是如此,广告依然可说是改变人心的最强力量之一 是我们能力所及的方式 |
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advertising:n.做广告;广告业;广告活动;v.做广告;(advertise的现在分词)
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| And I speak not only my behalf, but on behalf of all the colleagues I see here who work in advertising, and of all the team that has worked with me to do this, that if you want to change the world, or if you want to achieve peace, please call us. |
我说这话不只是代表我自己 也代表在座所有的 广告業同業 以及所有和我合作过参与这件事的团队 若你们想要改变世界 或你们想要取得和平请打电话过来 |
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on behalf of:代表;为了; colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
|
| We'd love to help. |
我们非常乐意协助 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢 |
| (Applause) |
（观众鼓掌） |