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JoseAntonioVargas_2020-_三个关于美国公民身份的问题_-

Four years after arriving in the United States, like any typical 16-year-old, 来美国四年以后, 就像其他十六岁的人一样,
I went to get my driver's permit. 我也去考了驾照。
After I showed the clerk my immigration papers, my green card , she told me it was fake . 在给了那位办事员 我的移民文件和绿卡后, 她跟我说“这是假的。
'"Don't come back here again," she said. 别再来这儿了。”
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; immigration:n.外来移民;移居; green card:n.绿卡(允许外国人在美国居住和工作的法律证件); fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的;
That's how I found out I was in America illegally . 我这才发现, 原来自己是一名非法移民,
And I'm still here illegally. 现在也依然是。
I'm a journalist and filmmaker . 我是一位记者和制片人。
I live in stories. 我的生活充满了 各种各样的故事。
And what I've learned that what most people don't understand about immigration is what they don't understand about themselves: their families' old migration stories and the processes they had to go through before green cards and walls even existed, or what shaped their understanding of citizenship itself. 我发现, 大多数人对移民, 就和他们对 自己的身份一样知之甚少: 他们家族的移民故事, 以及在绿卡和边境墙 出现之前的移民流程, 或者是什么形成了他们 对公民身份的理解。[00:38]
illegally:adv.非法地; journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者; filmmaker:n.电影制作人;电影摄制者; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); citizenship:n.[法]公民身份,公民资格;国籍;公民权;
I was born in the Philippines . 我出生在菲律宾。
When I was 12, my mother sent me to live with her parents, my grandparents, or, as we say in Tagalog, lolo and lola. 我十二岁的时候, 妈妈把我送去和她的父母同住, 也就是我的外公外婆, 加禄语中的称谓是 洛洛 和 洛拉。
Lolo's name was Teofilo. 洛洛的名字是特奥菲洛。
Philippines:n.菲律宾;
When he legally emigrated to America and became a naturalized citizen, he changed his name from Teofilo to Ted, after Ted Danson from the TV show "Cheers." 他合法移民到了美国 并成为公民后, 把自己的名字改成了泰德, 来自电视剧《欢乐酒店》中 泰德·丹森(Ted Danson)的名字——
Can't get any more American than that. 不能比这更有美国味儿了。
Lolo's favorite song was Frank Sinatra's "My Way," 洛洛最喜欢的歌是弗兰克·西纳特拉 (Frank Sinatra)的《My Way》,
and when it came to figuring out how to get his only grandson, me, to America, he decided to do it his way. 当他想把我,他唯一的孙子 送来美国时, 他决定用自己的办法。
emigrated:v.移居国外;移民;(emigrate的过去分词和过去式) naturalized:adj.归化的; v.使自然化; Frank:adj.坦白的,直率的;老实的;n.免费邮寄特权;v.免费邮寄;
According to Lolo, there was no easy and simple way to get me here, so Lolo saved up 4,500 dollars -- that's a lot of money for a security guard who made no more than eight dollars an hour -- to pay for the fake green card and for a smuggler to bring me to the US. 他说,让我入境美国并不容易, 所以他存了 4500 美金—— 对一个保安来说,那是很多钱, 因为他一个小时 只能赚 8 美元—— 他用这些钱 给我买了个假绿卡, 并请一个走私者把我带到了美国。
So that's how I got here. 我就是这么到美国的。
I can't tell you how many times people tell me that their ancestors came to America "the right way," 我记不清多少人告诉过我, 他们的祖先是用 “合法的方法”来到美国的。
to which I remind them, 而我总会提醒他们,
According to:根据,据说; security guard:保安人员; no more than:adv.只是;仅仅; smuggler:n.走私者;走私犯;[法]走私船; remind:v.提醒;使想起;
America's definition of "the right way" 美国对“合法的方法” 的定义
has been changing ever since the first ship of settlers dropped anchor. 从第一批移民到来开始 就在不断改变了。
America as we know it is more than a piece of land, particularly because the land that now makes up the United States of America used to belong to other people in other countries. 美国不只是一片土地, 尤其因为构成美国的这片土地 曾经属于其他国家的其他人民。
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; settlers:n.移民;殖民者;(settler的复数) particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; United States of America:un.美利坚合众国;
America as we know it is also more than a nation of immigrants . 我们所认识的美国 也不只是个移民者的国家。
There are two groups of Americans who are not immigrants: 有两群美国人不是移民:
Native Americans, who were indigenous to this land and who were killed in acts of genocide; and African Americans, who were kidnapped, shipped and enslaved to build this country. 美洲土着, 即美国的原住民, 也是在种族灭绝中被屠杀的民族; 以及非洲裔美国人, 一群被绑运、被迫为奴 并建立了这个国家的人。
immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数); Native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民; indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的; enslaved:v.使成为奴隶;奴役;使受控制;(enslave的过去分词和过去式)
America is, above all, an idea, however unrealized and imperfect , one that only exists because the first settlers came here freely without worry of citizenship. 美国,在很大意义上, 只是个理念—— 尽管尚未实现且并不完美—— 这个理念的存在只是因为 来到这里的第一批定居者 无须担心公民身份的问题。
So, where did you come from? 所以,你从哪里来?
How did you get here? 你是怎么来的?
Who paid? 谁付了钱?
All across America, in front of diverse audiences -- conservatives and progressives , high school students and senior citizens -- 在美国各地, 在不同的听众面前—— 无论是保守派还是激进派, 高中生还是老年人——[02:55]
unrealized:adj.未实现的;未被察觉的; imperfect:adj.有缺点的; n.未完成体; v.有瑕疵地; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; conservatives:n.保守党,保守派; progressives:n.进步派;进步人士(progressive的复数形式);进步论者; senior citizens:老人(尤指退休者);
I've asked those questions. 我都问过这些问题。
As a person of color, I always get asked where I'm from, as in, "Where are you from from?" 作为一个有色人种, 我经常被问从哪里来, 比如, “你老家是哪里的?”
So I've asked white people where they're from from, too. 所以我也问白人, 他们的老家是哪里的。
After asking a student at the University of Georgia where he was from, he said, "I'm American." 在问了乔治亚大学的一名学生, 他从哪里来之后, 他说,“我是美国人。
'"I know," I said, "but where are you from?" 我说, “我知道,但你从哪儿来的呢?”
'"I'm white," he replied. 他说, “我是白人。”
'"But white is not a country," I said. 我说, “ ‘白人’ 可不是一个国家。
'"Where are your ancestors from?" 你的祖先是从哪儿来的?”
When he replied with a shrug , 他耸了耸肩,
I said, "Well, where did you come from? 我又说, “那么,你到底从哪儿来的?
How did you get here? Who paid?" 你怎么来到这儿的?谁付的钱?”
He couldn't answer. 他无法回答。
I don't think you can talk about America as America without answering those three core questions. 我觉得在讨论现在的美国时, 我们没有办法回避 这几个核心问题。[03:38]
shrug:n.耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎);带袖短披肩;v.耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎); core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
Immigration is America's lifeline , how this country has replenished itself for centuries, from the settlers and the revolutionaries who populated the original 13 colonies 移民是美国的生命线, 是这个国家这几个世纪下来 还一直流动新血液的原因。 从最初定居在十三个州的 定居者和革命者,
to the millions of immigrants, predominantly from Europe, who relentlessly colonized this land. 到数百万名主要来自欧洲, 并一直将殖民体系 延续下来的移民者。
Even though Native Americans were already here and had their own tribal identities and ideas about citizenship, they were not considered US citizens until the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act. 尽管已经在这里的美国原住民 有自己的部落和公民身份概念, 他们直到 1924 年的 《印地安人公民法案 》 颁布后才被认可为美国公民。
lifeline:n.生命线;救生索; replenished:adj.装满的;充满的;v.重新装满;添加;充注精力(replenish的过去分词); revolutionaries:n.改革者;革命者;(revolutionary的复数) populated:v.生活于; original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; predominantly:adv.主要地;显著地; relentlessly:adv.残酷地,无情地; colonized:vt.将…开拓为殖民地; vi.开拓殖民地; tribal:adj.部落的;部族的;n.(尤指南亚的)部落成员; identities:n.身份;本身;本体;特征;同一性;相同;(identity的复数)
The landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act that Black Americans fought for inspired the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, which ended America's race-based exclusionary system that had lasted for 40 years. 美国黑人不断为之奋斗的、 里程碑式的《1964 年民权法案》, 则催生了《1965 年移民和国籍法》, 并终结了在美国持续 40 年之久的 基于种族的排他制度。
I could go on and on here, but my point, my larger point, is this: 这样的例子还有很多, 但我的要点是,
How much do any of us, whether immigrants of the past or the present, know of these crucial parts of American history? 我们中有多少人, 不管是昔日还是现时的移民, 对美国这些关键历史有所了解?
landmark:n.[航]陆标; adj.有重大意义或影响的; Civil Rights:na.公民权; inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) exclusionary:adj.排他的; on and on:继续不停地; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的;
How much of this history makes up the actual US citizenship test? 这段历史在多大程度上构成了 真正的美国公民资格测试?
Have you ever seen it? 你们见过吗?
It's a mostly oral test , and government officers ask applicants up to 10 of the 100 questions. 基本上大部分是口语测试, 政府官员会从一百个问题当中 选出十个来问。
To pass, applicants must get at least six answers right. 想要通过,至少要答对六个问题。
I looked at the test recently , and I was aghast at the questions posed and what constitutes acceptable answers to the glaring omissions . 我最近看过了测试题目, 并对问题内容,以及对这些 明显被遗漏的合理答案 感到十分惊讶。
oral test:口试,口头测验; applicants:n.申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等);(applicant的复数) recently:adv.最近;新近; aghast:adj.吓呆的,惊骇的;吃惊的; posed:v.造成;引起;产生;提问;质询;摆好姿势;(pose的过去分词和过去式) constitutes:v.被算作;组成;构成;(合法或正式地)成立,设立;(constitute的第三人称单数) acceptable:adj.认同的;可接受的;令人满意的; omissions:省略;遗漏;
There's a question about the Statue of Liberty and where it is. 有一个关于自由女神像 和它在哪里的问题,
There's no question about Ellis Island , about the United States as an immigrant nation and the countless anti-immigrant laws that were passed. 却没有关于埃利斯岛, 以及美国作为一个移民国家 和它所通过的无数 反移民法律的问题。
There's nothing about Native American history. 完全没有关于美国原住民的问题。
Statue of Liberty:n.(美国纽约港的)自由女神像; Ellis Island:n.埃利斯岛(美国纽约市附近的小岛,1892至1943年间是美国的移民检查站); countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的; anti-immigrant:反对移民; Native American:n.美洲土著居民;
There's a question about what Martin Luther King, Jr. did, but largely , there's inadequate and irresponsible contexts about African Americans. 有一个关于马丁·路德·金的问题, 但在很大程度上, 对非裔美国人的背景描述 是非常不充分和不负责任的。
Here's an example. 这里有个例子。
Question number 74 under the American history section asks applicants to "name one problem that led to the Civil War." 美国历史部分的第 74 号问题 要求申请者 “列举一个导致美国内战的问题”。
There are three acceptable answers: slavery , states' rights, economic reasons. 有三个比较合理的答案: 奴隶制、 州权 和经济原因。
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; inadequate:adj.不充分的,不适当的; irresponsible:adj.不负责任的;不可靠的; contexts:n.环境,[计]上下文(context复数); slavery:n.奴隶制;奴隶身份;蓄奴;adj.流口水的;被口水弄脏的; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
Did my Lola and Lolo get that question? 我的外公外婆 被问到这个问题了吗?
If they did get the question, do they even understand the history behind it? 如果他们被问到这个问题, 他们了解这背后的历史吗?
How about my uncles and aunties and cousins and millions of other immigrants who had to take that test to become Americans? 我的叔叔阿姨和堂兄弟们 以及数百万参加这个测试 成为美国人的 其他移民呢?
What do immigrants know about America before we get here? 在入境美国前, 那些移民对美国了解多少?
What kind of citizenship are we applying for? 我们在申请什么样的公民身份?
And is that the same kind of citizenship we actually want to be a part of? 这跟我们想要获得的公民身份一样吗?
aunties:n.舅妈,伯母;阿姨; applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词)
Come to think of it -- I've been thinking a lot about this -- what does dignified citizenship look like? 回想起来——我想过很多次—— 有尊严的公民身份是什么样的?
How can I ask for it when I just arrived here 26 years ago, when Black and Native people who have been here in America for hundreds of years are still waiting for theirs? 我到底应不应该得到这个公民身份? 我来这里才 26 年, 而在美国生活了数百年的 黑人和土着人 却依然在等待他们的身份。
dignified:adj.端庄的; v.使有尊严; (dignify的过去分词和过去式)
One of my favorite writers is Toni Morrison. 托尼·莫里森( Toni Morrison) 是我最喜欢的作家之一。
In 1996, a year before I found out I was in the country illegally, my eighth-grade class was assigned to read "The Bluest Eye," 1996 年,也就是我发现自己 非法移民身份的前一年, 在八年级的课堂上,我们被要求阅读 《最蓝的眼睛》(“The Bluest Eye”),
Morrison's first book. 莫里森的第一本书。
Instantly, the book challenged me to ask hard questions. 突然间,这本书向我抛出了 一些很难回答的问题。
Why does Pecola Breedlove, this young Black girl at the center of the book, why did she want blue eyes? 为什么皮克拉·布莱得拉夫 (Pecola Breedlove)—— 书中年轻的黑人女主角—— 想要蓝色的眼睛?
assigned:v.分配(某物);分派;指定;委派;(assign的过去分词和过去式)
Who told her to want it? 谁告诉她自己需要蓝眼睛?
Why did she believe them? 她为什么会相信他们?
Morrison said she wrote the book to illustrate what happens when a person surrenders to what she called "the master narrative ." 莫里森说她写这本书, 是为了解释当人们 向“主流叙事”屈服时会发生什么。
'" Definitions ," Morrison said, "belong to the definers, not the defined ." 莫里森说:“定义属于定义者, 而不是被定义者。”
Once I realized that I was here illegally, 在我意识到自己的 非法移民身份后,
I convinced myself that if I was not a legal citizen by birth or by law, another kind of citizenship was possible. 我说服自己,如果基于出生或按照法律, 我不算是合法公民, 而另一种公民身份却是可能的。
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实; surrenders:vt.使投降;放弃;交出;听任;vi.投降;屈服;自首;n.投降;放弃;交出;屈服; narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; Definitions:n.[数]定义(definition的复数形式); defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确; convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式)
Citizenship as participation : 作为“参与者:的公民:
I engage . 我参与其中。
I engage with all kinds of Americans, even Americans who don't want me here. 我和各种各样的美国人打交道, 甚至包括那些不希望我在这里的美国人。
Citizenship as contribution : 作为“贡献者”的公民:
I give back to my community in whatever ways I can. 我用一切可能的方法回馈我的社区。[07:44]
participation:n.参与;分享;参股; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
As an undocumented entrepreneur -- and yes, there is such a thing -- 作为一个没有身份的企业家—— 是的,确实有这样的事情——
I've employed many US citizens. 我雇佣了很多美国公民。
Citizenship as education: 作为“接受教育”的公民:
We can't wait for others to educate us about the past and how we got to this present. 我们不能等待其他人教授我们历史, 以及我们如何走到了今天。
We have to educate ourselves and our circles. 我们得教育自己和我们的圈子。[08:03]
undocumented:adj.无事实证明的;无正式文件的; entrepreneur:n.企业家;承包人;主办者; employed:v.雇用:应用:运用:使用(employ的过去分词和过去式)
Citizenship as something greater than myself: 比自身的意义更深远的公民身份:
We are, I think, individually and collectively , rewriting the master narrative of America. 我们,个人和集体, 在重写美国的主流叙事。
The people who were once defined are now doing the defining . 过去被定义的人们 现在成了定义者。
They're asking the questions that need to be asked. 他们在问需要被问的问题。
A core part of that redefinition is how we define not only who is an American but what constitutes citizenship. 这个重新定义的核心是, 我们不仅会如何定义谁是美国人, 还要定义是什么构成了公民身份。
individually:adv.个别地,单独地; collectively:adv.共同地,全体地; defining:v.解释(词语)的含义;给(词语)下定义;阐明;界定;(define的现在分词) redefinition:n.重新定义;
Which, to me, is our responsibility to each other. 这对我而言,是我们对彼此的责任。
So consider your own personal narrative and ask yourself: 所以,请思考下你自己的个人经历, 并且问问自己:
Where did you come from? 你来自哪里?
How did you get here? 你是怎么来这里的?
Who paid? 谁付的钱?
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;