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JonathanZittrain_2009G-_网络中的随机善良行为_
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| My name is Jonathan Zittrain, and in my recent work I've been a bit of a pessimist . |
我叫乔纳森?兹特瑞 在最近工作的时候,我总是有一点悲观主义。 |
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pessimist:n.悲观主义者;
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| So I thought this morning I would try to be the optimist , and give reason to hope for the future of the Internet by drawing upon its present. |
所以今天早晨我觉得我应该尝试变成一个乐观主义者。 并且根据互联的现状 给大家足够的理由去憧憬 互联网的未来 |
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optimist:n.乐观主义者;乐天派;
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| Now, it may seem like there is less hope today than there was before. |
现在,希望似乎比从前要少。 |
| People are less kind. There is less trust around. |
人们越来越不友好,我们周围的信任少了。 |
| I don't know. As a simple example, we could run a test here. |
但我不这么认为。举个简单的例子。 我们可以在这里做一个测试。 |
| How many people have ever hitchhiked ? |
请问在座的各位有多少人曾搭过便车？ |
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hitchhiked:v.免费搭便车;搭顺风车(hitchhike的过去分词和过去式)
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| I know. How many people have hitchhiked within the past 10 years? |
好,我知道了。多少人在过去的10年内 曾搭过便车？ |
| Right. So what has changed? |
好。那么,什么改变了？ |
| It's not better public transportation . |
看来公交交通并没有更发达 |
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transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
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| So that's one reason to think that we might be declensionists, going in the wrong direction. |
所以这个例子证明我们可能是 走向错误方向的变革主义者。 |
| But I want to give you three examples to try to say that the trend line is in fact in the other direction and it's the Internet helping it along. |
但是我想给你们举三个例子, 试着说明这个趋势 实际上是往相反方向的。 而且是互联网在推波助澜。 |
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trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向;
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| So example number one: the Internet itself. |
那么,举例一,互联网本身。 |
| These are three of the founders of the Internet. |
这是互联网的三位创始人 |
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founders:n.创办人;造物者(founder的复数);
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| They were actually high school classmates together at the same high school in suburban Los Angles in the 1960s. |
他们实际上是中学同学。 20世纪60年代他们在洛杉矶郊区的同一所中学上学。 |
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suburban:adj.郊区的,城郊的;土气的;见闻不广的;n.郊区居民;
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| You might have had a French club or a Debate club. |
你们也许曾创办过法国社或辩论社, |
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Debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑;
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| They had a "Lets build a global network" club, and it worked out very well. |
他们却创建了名为“让我们来建一个世界网络”的社团, 而且运行得很顺利。 |
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global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
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| They are pictured here for their 25th anniversary |
这是他们在 |
| Newsweek retrospective on the Internet. |
新闻周刊回顾网络历史25周年的照片 |
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Newsweek:n.新闻周刊(美国一杂志); retrospective:adj.回顾的;怀旧的;可追溯的;n.回顾展;
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| And as you can tell, they are basically goof balls. |
正如你们所见, 他们基本上都是傻蛋。 |
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basically:adv.主要地,基本上; goof:n.呆瓜;vi.打发时间;混;出大错;vt.弄糟;
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| They had one great limitation and one great freedom as they tried to conceive of a global network. |
他们有一个很大的限制, 也有一个很棒的自由, 当他们试图设想一个全球网络的时候。 |
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limitation:n.限制;局限;限度;控制; conceive:v.想出;想象;构想;设想;怀孕;
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| The limitation was that they didn't have any money. |
限制在于,他们没有一丁点钱, |
| No particular amount of capital to invest , of the sort that for a physical network you might need for trucks and people and a hub to move packages around overnight . |
没有特定规模的资金来投资。 对于一个实体的网络来说, 你可能需要卡车、人力 和交换器去整夜运送包裹。 |
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invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; hub:n.中心;毂;木片; overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上;
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| They had none of that. |
他们没有这些。 |
| But they had an amazing freedom, which was they didn't have to make any money from it. |
但是他们有一个惊人的自由, 那就是,他们不需要从中赚钱。 |
| The Internet has no business plan; never did. |
这个网络没有,也从来没有商业计划。 |
| No CEO, no firm responsible , singly , for building it. |
没有首席执行官, 没有一个公司负责任地、单独地去建设它。 |
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responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; singly:adv.逐一地;个别地;各自地;直截了当地;
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| Instead, it's folks getting together to do something for fun, rather than because they were told to, or because they were expecting to make a mint off of it. |
取而代之,它是几个家伙凑在一起, 去做一些好玩的事, 而不是被人指使, 也不是想要从中牟取哪怕一点点利益。 |
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mint:n.薄荷;[金融]造币厂,巨款;v.铸造,铸币;
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| That ethos led to a network architecture , a structure that was unlike other digital networks then or since. |
那种风气酝酿出了一种网络架构, 一种前无古人后无来者的 数字网络架构。 |
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ethos:n.民族精神;气质;社会思潮; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
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| So unusual, in fact, that it was said that it's not clear the Internet could work. |
所以,不寻常的是,事实上, 据说搞不清楚这个网络是否能运作。 |
| As late as 1992, IBM was known to say you couldn't possibly build a corporate network using Internet Protocol . |
直到1992年,IBM表示, 不可能用互联网协议 去建一个企业网络。 |
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corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; Protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定;
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| And even some Internet engineers today say the whole thing is a pilot project and the jury is still out. |
甚至时至今日,一些网络工程师仍说, 这整个东西是一个试点工程,陪审团还没到位。 |
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jury:n.[法]陪审团;评判委员会;adj.应急的;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| That's why the mascot of Internet engineering , if it had one, is said to be the bumblebee . |
这就是为什么网络工程的吉祥物, 如果有的话,据说是一只大黄蜂。 |
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mascot:n.吉祥物;福神(等于mascotte); engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) bumblebee:n.[昆]大黄蜂;
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| Because the fur-to-wingspan ratio of the bumblebee is far too large for it to be able to fly. |
是因为大黄蜂的皮和翼展比实在是太大了, 大到不能飞。 |
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ratio:n.比率;比例;v.用比例方式表达;求出…的比值;使…成比例;
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| And yet, mysteriously , somehow the bee flies. |
但是,奇怪的是,无论如何黄蜂飞起来了。 |
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mysteriously:adv.神秘地;故弄玄虚地;难以理解地; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
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| I'm pleased to say that, thanks to massive government funding , about three years ago we finally figured out how bees fly. |
我很高兴地说,多亏了巨额政府基金, 大约在三年前我们终于弄明白 黄蜂是怎么飞的了。 |
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massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| It's very complicated , but it turns out they flap their wings very quickly. |
原理非常复杂,但是结果是 他们非常快速地拍打翅膀。 |
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complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) flap:n.拍打,拍打声; v.拍动; (帽边等)垂下;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| So what is this bizarre architecture configuration that makes the network sing and be so unusual? |
那么,这个使网络运行起来且变得如此不同寻常的 奇异的结构配置是什么呢？ |
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bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等); configuration:n.配置;结构;外形;
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| Well, to move data around from one place to another -- again, it's not like a package courier . |
要把数据从一个地方传输到另一个地方, ——再次声明,不是类似快递员那样 |
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courier:n.导游;情报员,通讯员;送快信的人;
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| It's more like a mosh pit . |
它更像是“狂舞区”（摇滚表演时舞台下方疯狂混乱的人群）。 |
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mosh pit:n.(摇滚音乐会舞台前观众的)狂舞区;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| Imagine, you being part of a network where, you're maybe at a sporting event. |
想象你自己是网络的一部分, 在那里你也许正在参加一个体育盛会, |
| And you're sitting in rows like this, and somebody asks for a beer, and it gets handed at the aisle . |
你像这样坐在队伍里, 有人要啤酒, 啤酒从过道被传递过来。 |
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aisle:n.通道,走道;侧廊;
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| And your neighborly duty is to pass the beer along, at risk to your own trousers, to get it to the destination. |
你作为邻座的义务 就是把啤酒传递下去, 冒着自己裤子被弄脏的风险, 把它传递到那个人。? |
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neighborly:adj.睦邻的;友好的;邻居似的;
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| No one pays you to do this. |
没有人付钱让你做这些。 |
| It's just part of your neighborly duty. |
它只是你作为邻座的义务而已。 |
| And, in a way, that's exactly how packets move around the Internet, sometimes in as many as 25 or 30 hops , with the intervening entities that are passing the data around |
某种程度上,那恰恰是信息包在互联网中传送的方式。 有时候要跳25或30个节点, 借助那种将数据到处传递的 干预进来的实体, |
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move around:v.走来走去;绕着…来回转; hops:n.啤酒花; intervening:adj.介于中间的;v.介入(intervene的ing形式); entities:n.实体;存在(entity的复数形式);字符实体;
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| having no particular contractual or legal obligation to the original sender , or to the receiver. |
对原始发送者或者接受者 没有具体的合同 或法律责任。 |
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contractual:adj.契约的,合同的; legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; obligation:n.义务;责任;职责;(已承诺的或法律等规定的)义务; original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; sender:n.[邮]寄件人;发送人;发报机;
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| Now, of course, in a mosh pit it's hard to specify a destination. |
当然,现在很难在“狂舞区”里指定一个终点。 |
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specify:v.具体说明;明确规定;详述;详列;
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| You need a lot of trust, but it's not like, "I'm trying to get to Pensacola please." |
你需要很多信任, 但它不像是“麻烦您我想去彭萨科拉”。 |
| So the Internet needs addressing and directions. |
所以互联网需要地址和方向。 |
| It turns out there is no one overall map of the Internet. |
互联网变成了没有整体的地图。 |
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overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的;
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| Instead, again, it is as if we are all sitting together in a theater, but we can only see amidst the fog the people immediately around us. |
而是,好像我们又一次都坐在剧场里, 但我们只能在雾中看到 当下在我们身边的人。 |
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amidst:prep.在…当中;
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| So what do we do to figure out who is where? |
那么我们怎么样去弄清楚谁在哪里呢？ |
| We turn to the person on the right and we tell that person what we see on our left. |
我们转向右边的人, 告诉他我们在左边看到什么, |
| And vice versa . |
反之亦然。 |
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vice versa:反之亦然;
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| And they can lather , rinse , repeat. And before you know it you have a general sense of where everything is. |
他们可以传递下去,在你能意识到之前, 你已经对所以东西在哪有了个大致的印象。 |
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lather:n.肥皂泡;激动;vt.涂以肥皂泡;使紧张;狠狠地打;vi.起泡沫; rinse:v.漱;冲洗掉;漂净;n.冲洗;漂洗;[轻]染发剂;染发;
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| This is how Internet addressing and routing actually work. |
这就是网络寻址和路由实际上的工作原理。 |
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routing:v.彻底击败;使溃败;(rout的现在分词)
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| This is a system that relies on kindness and trust, which also makes it very delicate and vulnerable . |
这是一个依赖美德和信任的系统, 但美德和信赖也使它变得微妙而脆弱。 |
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relies:信任; delicate:adj.精致的,微妙的,脆弱的,熟练的,柔和的; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
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| In rare but striking instances , a single lie told by just one entity in this honeycomb can lead to real trouble. |
举个罕见但突出的例子, 在这个网络中某一个人说了 一个谎话, 可以导致真正的麻烦。 |
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instances:n.相依物体,例子; v.举例说明(instance的第三人称单数形式); entity:n.实体;存在;本质; honeycomb:n.蜂巢,蜂巢状之物; vt.使成蜂巢状; adj.似蜂巢的; vi.变成蜂巢状;
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| So, for example, last year, the government of Pakistan asked its Internet service providers there to prevent citizens of Pakistan from seeing YouTube. |
所以,比如说,去年, 巴基斯坦政府 要求国内的网络服务提供商 屏蔽巴基斯坦市民看You Tube。 |
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providers:n.供应者;提供者;供养人;(provider的复数)
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| There was a video there that the government did not like and they wanted to make sure it was blocked. |
那上面有政府不喜欢的一个视频, 他们想要确保它被屏蔽了。 |
| This is a common occurrence . Governments everywhere are often trying to block and filter and censor content on the Internet. |
这是一个常见的现象。 各国政府都经常试图屏蔽, 过滤和审查网络上的内容。 |
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occurrence:n.发生;出现;存在;发生的事情; filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行; censor:v.审查;删剪;n.审查员; content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
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| Well this one ISP in Pakistan chose to affectuate the block for its subscribers in a rather unusual way. |
但这个巴基斯坦网络服务提供商 用一种不寻常的方式 来屏蔽他的用户。 |
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subscribers:n.订阅者,[金融]认股人;捐款人(subscriber复数形式);
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| It advertised -- the way that you might be asked, if you were part of the Internet, to declare what you see near you -- it advertised that near it, in fact, it had suddenly awakened to find that it was YouTube. |
它宣称—— 如果你懂网络,别人可能会要求你 告知你在周围看到了什么——它宣称—— 在它旁边的,事实上,它猛然发现是 You Tube |
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advertised:v.做广告;登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传(advertise的过去分词和过去式) awakened:adj.觉醒的;v.唤醒(awaken的过去式);
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| '"That's right," it said, "I am YouTube." |
“对！”它说,“我是You Tube。” |
| Which meant that packets of data from subscribers going to YouTube stopped at the ISP, since they thought they were already there. |
也就是说,从用户向You Tube 发送的信息包 在网络服务提供商那里被截了下来,然而用户以为数据已经被传送到了youtube。 |
| And the ISP threw them away unopened because the point was to block it. |
事实是网络服务提供商将它们悄悄扔掉, 因为重点就是屏蔽它。 |
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unopened:adj.没有开的;未开放的;未启封的;
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| But it didn't stop there. |
但是,它没有就此打住。 |
| You see, that announcement went one click out, which got reverberated , one click out. |
你们看,那个公告, 点一下就出来 它不断回荡,点一下 |
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reverberated:vt.使回响; vi.回响; adj.回响的;
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| And it turns out that as you look at the postmortem of this event, you have at one moment perfectly working YouTube. |
然后它就变成了你看到的样子。 后果是, 你的You Tube在短时间内 显得很正常 |
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postmortem:n.验尸;检视;尸体检查;adj.死后的;死后发生的;
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| Then, at moment number two, you have the fake announcement go out. |
然后,过一会, 假公告出来了。 |
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fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的;
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| And within two minutes, it reverberates around and YouTube is blocked everywhere in the world. |
然后,两分钟以内, 它在四周回荡开, 然后Youtube就在全世界都被屏蔽了。 |
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reverberates:v.回响;回荡;摇晃;产生广泛影响;(reverberate的第三人称单数)
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| If you were sitting in Oxford, England, trying to get to YouTube, your packets were going to Pakistan and they weren't coming back. |
如果你在英国牛津,试图上You Tube, 你的信息包去向了巴基斯坦, 再也回不来了。 |
| Now just think about that. |
大家想, |
| One of the most popular websites in the world, run by the most powerful company in the world, and there was nothing that YouTube or Google were particularly privileged to do about it. |
作为世界上最有影响力的公司经营的 世界上最有名的网站之一, Youtube和Google 却没有有效的特权去解决这个问题。 |
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Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; privileged:adj.有特权的; v.给予特权; (privilege的过去式和过去分词)
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| And yet, somehow, within about two hours, the problem was fixed. |
但是,不知何故,两小时之内, 这个问题就解决了。 |
| How did this happen? |
为什么会这样？ |
| Well, for a big clue , we turn to NANOG, the North American Network Operators Group. |
一个重要的线索来自NANOG, 北美网络运营商组织, |
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clue:n.提示;迹象;(纵横填字谜、游戏或问题的)提示词语;v.提示;为…提供线索;
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| A group of people who, on a beautiful day outside, enter into a windowless room, at their terminals reading email and messages in fixed proportion font , like this, and they talk about networks. |
这群人 他们在阳光明媚的天气里, 进到一个没有窗子的房间, 来到他们的终端前, 阅读邮件和信息, 用一种固定比例的字体,就像这个。 他们在谈论网络, |
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enter into:进入;讨论;成为…的一部分;研讨;分享;体谅; windowless:adj.没有窗的; terminals:n.[计]终端;终端机;[电]接线端子;终止节点(terminal的复数); proportion:n.比例;部分;份额;均衡;v.摊派;使相称; font:n.字型;圣洗池(设于教堂中,常为石造);
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| And some of them are mid-level employees at Internet service providers around the world. |
他们其中的一些人是全世界网络服务提供商的 中层雇员。 |
| And here is the message where one of them says, "Looks like we've got a live one. We have a hijacking of YouTube! |
其中一个人说, “看来我们抓到现形了,Youtube被劫持了！ |
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hijacking:n.劫持(hijack的现在分词);
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| This is not a drill. It's not just the cluelessness of YouTube engineers. I promise. |
这不是演习,也不是Youtube工程师的无能 我发誓。 |
| Something is up in Pakistan." |
在巴基斯坦出事了。” |
| And they came together to help find the problem and fix it. |
然后他们就一起帮助寻找问题然后解决它。 |
| So it's kind of like if your house catches on fire. |
所以这有点像你家房子着火了, |
| The bad news is, there is no fire brigade . |
坏消息是,没有消防队。 |
|
fire brigade:n.消防队;消防队员;
|
| The good news is, random people apparate from nowhere , put out the fire, and leave without expecting payment or praise. |
好消息是,不知从哪里冒出来的路人, 把火扑灭了,然后离开,不期待你付钱或表扬。 |
|
random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地; nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的; payment:n.付款;支付;收款;款项;报答;
|
| (Applause) |
（鼓掌） |
| I was trying to think of the right model to describe this form of random acts of kindness by geeky strangers. |
我试图想出一种合适的模型来描述 这种“讨厌的陌生人随机善良行为” 的模式, |
|
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; geeky:adj.(俚)令人讨厌的;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| You know, it's just like the hail goes out and people are ready to help. |
你知道,就像下冰雹的时候, 人们已经准备好伸出援手。 |
|
hail:n.冰雹; v.致敬;
|
| And it turns out this model is everywhere, once you start looking for it. |
原来当你开始寻找这种模型的时候,才发现它在世界的每个角落。 |
| Example number two: Wikipedia . |
第二个例子:维基百科 |
|
Wikipedia:维基百科;
|
| If a man named Jimbo came up to you in 2001 and said, "I've got a great idea! We start with seven arcticles that anybody can edit anything, at any time, and we'll get a great encyclopedia ! Eh?" |
如果2001年,一个叫金博的人找到你, 说,“我有一个好主意！我们从七篇文章开始, 任何人任何时候都可以编辑它们, 那么我们就能获得一本很棒的百科全书！是吧？” |
|
edit:v.编辑;剪辑;编纂;编选;n.编辑[校订]工作; encyclopedia:n.百科全书(亦是encyclopaedia);
|
| Right. Dumbest idea ever. |
对。有史以来最愚蠢的想法。 |
|
Dumbest:哑的;蠢的(dumb的最高级);
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| In fact, Wikipedia is an idea so profoundly stupid that even Jimbo never had it. |
事实上,维基百科是一个金博从来没有过的, 愚蠢又深刻的点子。 |
|
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地;
|
| Jimbo's idea was for Nupedia. |
金博的点子其实是Nupedia |
| It was going to be totally traditional . He would pay people money because he was feeling like a good guy, and the money would go to the people and they would write the articles. |
它会变得完全传统。他会付给人们钱, 因为他感觉好像是个好人。 钱会付给人们, 然后他们来写文章。 |
|
traditional:传统的,惯例的,
|
| The wiki was introduced so others could make suggestions on edits -- as almost an afterthought , a back room. |
维基应运而生, 别人可以为修改提出意见—— 好像事后修补,相当于后屋。 |
|
edits:v.编辑; n.编辑[校订]工作; (edit的复数) afterthought:n.事后的想法;后来添加的东西;
|
| And then it turns out the back room grew to encompass the entire project. |
然后后屋越建越大, 扩展成了整个项目。 |
|
encompass:vt.包含;包围,环绕;完成;
|
| And today, Wikipedia is so ubiquitous that you can now find it on Chinese restaurant menus. |
时至今日,维基百科无处不在, 以至于你可以在中餐馆的菜单里看见它。 |
|
ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的;无所不在的;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| I am not making this up. |
我没有编造。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| I have a theory I can explain later. |
我有个理论,我可以迟些解释。 |
| Suffice it to say for now that I prefer my Wikipedia stir-fried with pimentos . |
一言以蔽之,目前我更喜欢我的维基百科 和香果一起炒。 |
|
Suffice:vt.使满足;足够…用;合格;vi.足够;有能力; prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升; stir-fried:adj.炒的;v.炒(stir-fry的过去分词); pimentos:甜椒,灯笼椒(pimento的名词复数形式);多香果;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| But now, Wikipedia doesn't just spontaneously work. |
但是现在,维基百科并不只是自发地运作着 |
|
spontaneously:adv.自发地;自然地;不由自主地;
|
| How does it really work? It turns out there is a back room that is kind of windowless, metaphorically speaking. |
它实际上是怎样运作的呢？ 原来有一个没有窗的后屋, 打个比方, |
|
metaphorically:adv.隐喻地;用比喻;
|
| And there are a bunch of people who, on a sunny day, would rather be inside and monitoring this, the administrator's notice board, itself a wiki page that anyone can edit. |
有一群人,在阳光明媚的一天, 宁愿呆在屋内, 修改这个管理者公告板, 它本身就是个谁都可以编辑的维基页。 |
|
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; would rather:宁愿,宁可;
|
| And you just bring your problems to the page. |
于是你把你的问题放到这页上来, |
| It's reminiscent of the description of history as "one damn thing after another," right? |
这使人想起了历史的描述, “糟糕的事一件接一件”,对吗？ |
|
reminiscent:adj.怀旧的,回忆往事的;耽于回想的;n.回忆录作者;回忆者; description:n.说明;形容;描写(文字);类型; damn:v.谴责;该死;n.诅咒;adj.可恶的;
|
| Number one: " Tendentious editing by user Andyvphil." |
第一:“由用户安迪?弗菲尔编辑的有倾向性内容。” |
|
Tendentious:adj.有偏见的,有倾向的;宣传性的; editing:v.编辑,校订(文章、书籍等);编选;(edit的现在分词)
|
| Apologies, Andyvphil, if you're here today. |
安迪?弗菲尔,如果你今天在这儿,对不起。 |
| I'm not taking sides. |
我没有在偏袒。 |
| '" Anon attacking me for reverting ." |
“阿尼翁为了报复而攻击我。” |
|
Anon:adv.不久;立刻;另一次; reverting:v.重新提到;回复(revert的现在分词);
|
| Here is my favorite: "A long story." |
这是我最喜欢的:“说来话长。” |
| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| It turns out there are more people checking this page for problems and wanting to solve them than there are problems arising on the page. |
之后越来越多的人来到这个页面挖掘问题 并解决这些问题 现在有更多的问题在这个页面上出现了。 |
|
arising:出现;产生;
|
| And that's what keeps Wikipedia afloat . |
这就是使维基百科传播下去的东西。 |
|
afloat:adj.在海上的;飘浮的;浸满水的;在传播的;adv.在海上;飘浮著;浸满水;
|
| At all times, Wikipedia is approximately 45 minutes away from utter destruction . Right? |
任何时候,维基百科都面临着45分钟后 就彻底崩溃的危险,对吧？ |
|
approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; utter:v.说;出声;讲;adj.完全的;十足的;彻底的; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
|
| There are spambots crawling it, trying to turn every article into an ad for a Rolex watch. |
有垃圾邮件程序在上面爬行, 试图把每一篇文章都变成劳力士手表广告 |
|
crawling:v.爬行;匍匐行进;(crawl的现在分词) Rolex:n.劳力士手表(瑞士手表品牌);
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑） |
| It's this thin geeky line that keeps it going. |
正是这条细细的让人讨厌的线 维持它的运行 |
| Not because it's a job, not because it's a career , but because it's a calling. |
不是因为它是个工作, 不是因为它是份职业, 而是因为它是个感召, |
|
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
|
| It's something they feel impelled to do because they care about it. |
是一件他们认为必须去做的事。 因为他们在乎它。 |
|
impelled:v.激励;驱使;推动;(impel的过去式)
|
| They even gather together in such groups as the Counter-Vandalism Unit -- " Civility , Maturity , Responsibility" -- to just clean up the pages. |
他们甚至在这种群组里聚在一起, 作为“反破坏行为租”—— “文明,成熟,责任”—— 来清理这些页面。 |
|
Civility:n.礼貌;礼仪;端庄; Maturity:n.成熟;到期;完备;
|
| It does make you wonder if there were, for instance, a massive, extremely popular Star Trek convention one weekend, who would be minding the store? |
确实令你想弄明白,举个例子,是不是 每周末都有冗长而普遍的“星际迷航”公约 那谁会来看店？ |
|
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; Trek:v.长途跋涉;远足,徒步旅行;n.长途跋涉(尤指在山区); convention:n.习俗;惯例;协定;常规;
|
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| So what we see, |
所以我们所看到的 |
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| what we see in this phenomenon is something that the crazed , late traffic engineer |
我们所看到的这个现象 是疯狂的交通工程师 |
|
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); crazed:adj.疯狂的;发狂的;
|
| Hans Monderman discovered in the Netherlands, and here in South Kensington , that sometimes if you remove some of the external rules and signs and everything else, you can actually end up |
汉斯 蒙德曼在荷兰的发明 在南肯辛通 如果你去除一些多余的规则和道路标识以及其他的相关事物 你最终会生活在 |
|
Kensington:n.肯辛顿(英格兰伦敦肯辛顿和切尔西区的一个地名); external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的;
|
| with a safer environment in which people can function, and one in which they are more human with each other. |
一个由人来发挥作用的更安全的环境 并且是一个更人性化的环境 |
| They're realizing that they have to take responsibility for what they do. |
他们意识到他们 必须为他们所做的负责 |
| And Wikipedia has embraced this. |
而维基百科就拥有这种精神 |
|
embraced:v.拥抱;欣然接受,乐意采纳;信奉;包含;(embrace的过去分词和过去式)
|
| Some of you may remember Star Wars Kid, the poor teenager who filmed himself with a golf ball retriever , acting as if it were a light saber . |
你们可能还记得那位星际男孩 那位拍摄自己拿着高尔夫球杆 就好像自己拿着光剑一样的穷小孩 |
|
retriever:n.(训练成能寻回猎物的)猎犬;取回的人; saber:n.军刀;佩剑;骑兵;vt.用马刀砍或杀;
|
| The film, without his permission, or even knowledge at first, found its way onto the Internet. |
这个视频,未经他的允许,甚至在他不知道的情况下 在网上传播开来 |
| Hugely viral video. Extremely popular. |
并成为携带严重病毒的视频,因为它非常受欢迎 |
|
viral:adj.滤过性毒菌引起的;滤过性毒菌的;
|
| Totally mortifying to him. |
这让星际男孩非常苦恼 |
|
mortifying:adj.令人惭愧的;让人窘迫的;v.使难堪;使羞愧;(mortify的现在分词)
|
| Now, it being encyclopedic and all, |
如今,这事已广为人知 |
|
encyclopedic:adj.渊博的;知识广博的;
|
| Wikipedia had to do an article about Star Wars Kid. |
所以维基百科应该写篇关于星际男孩的文章 |
| Every article on Wikipedia has a corresponding discussion page. |
维基百科上的文章都有相应的讨论页面 |
|
corresponding:adj.符合的; v.相一致; (correspond的现在分词)
|
| And on the discussion page they had extensive argument among the Wikipedians, as to whether to have his real name featured in the article. |
在这个讨论页面上 维基百科人对是否要在文章中标注 星际男孩的真实姓名 进行了广泛的争论 |
|
extensive:adj.广泛的;大量的;广阔的;
|
| You could see arguments on both sides. |
你可以看到双方的争论观点 |
| Here is just a snapshot of some of them. |
当然这只是其中一部分 |
|
snapshot:n.快照,快相;急射,速射;简单印象;vt.给…拍快照;vi.拍快照;
|
| They eventually decided, not unanimously by any means , not to include his real name, despite the fact that nearly all media reports did. |
但他们最终决定 并不是一致同意 不标注真实姓名 即使几乎所有的媒体在报导中写明了真实姓名 |
|
eventually:adv.最后,终于; unanimously:adv.全体一致地; by any means:无论如何; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
|
| They just didn't think it was the right thing to do. |
维基百科人就认为这是不对的 |
| It was an act of kindness. |
这是一种充满善意的行为 |
| And to this day , the page for Star Wars Kid has a warning right at the top that says you are not to put his real name on the page. |
至今,关于星际男孩的网页 右上方有个警告提示 说星际男孩的真实姓名是不允许标注的 |
|
to this day:至今; you are not to:你不可以…;
|
| If you do it will be removed immediately, removed by people who may have disagreed with the original decision, but respect the outcome , and work to make it stay because they believe in something bigger than their own opinion. |
如果你标注了,你的文章将被立即删除 被不同意最初决定 但尊重这个决定 并让这个决定运作的人删除 因为他们相信与他们的观点相比,有些事更重要 |
|
disagreed:v.不同意;有分歧;不符;不一致;(disagree的过去分词和过去式) outcome:n.结果,结局;成果;
|
| As a lawyer, I've got to say these guys are inventing the law and stare decisis and stuff like that as they go along. |
作为一名法律工作者,我得说这此家伙在创造法律 和先例,一些他们要遵守的东西 |
|
stare:v.凝视;盯着看;注视;n.凝视; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
|
| Now, this isn't just limited to Wikipedia. |
现在,这不仅限于维基百科 |
|
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
|
| We see it on blogs all over the place. |
我们随处都可以在博客上看到 |
|
blogs:n.网志;博客;v.写网志;写博客;(blog的第三人称单数和复数)
|
| I mean, this is a 2005 Business Week cover. |
这是一张2005年商业周刊的封面 |
| Wow. Blogs are going to change your business. |
哇,博客正在改变着你们的商业模式 |
| I know they look silly. And sure they look silly. |
我知道他们看起来很傻,确实他们很傻 |
| They start off on all sorts of goofy projects. |
他们创建各种各样的愚蠢的项目 |
|
goofy:adj.傻瓜的,愚笨的;
|
| This is my favorite goofy blog: |
这是我最喜欢的傻瓜博客 |
| Catsthatlooklikehitler.com. |
（一只像希特勒的猫） |
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| You send in a picture of your cat if it looks like Hitler. |
你把你的猫的照片传上去 如果它看起来像希特勒 |
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| Yeah I know. Number four, it's like, can you imagine coming home to that cat everyday? |
哈哈我知道,第四张非常像,你能想像 每天回家就看到那只猫吗 |
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| But then, you can see the same kind of whimsy applied to people. |
但是,你可以看到很多类似的怪想法 用在人类身上 |
|
whimsy:n.怪念头;反复无常; applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
|
| So this is a blog devoted to unfortunate portraiture . |
这是一个全是不幸的肖像照片的博客 |
|
devoted:adj.专心致志; v.献身; (devote的过去分词和过去式) portraiture:n.肖像画;肖像绘制;人像摄影;
|
| This one says, " Bucolic meadow with split-rail fence. |
这张照片的标题是:有栅栏的牧场 |
|
Bucolic:adj.牧歌的;牧羊的;乡下风味的;n.田园诗;农夫; meadow:n.草地;牧场;
|
| Is that an animal carcass behind her?" |
是不是有个动物尸体在她身后 |
|
carcass:n.(人或动物的)尸体;残骸;(除脏去头备食用的)畜体;
|
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| You're like, "You know? I think that's an animal carcass behind her." |
你就可能会说:你知道吗,我觉得她身后 有个动物尸体 |
| And it's one after the other . |
这是后面一个 |
|
one after the other:相继地,一个接一个地;
|
| But then you hit this one. Image removed at request of owner. |
但你点击这张图片时显示:经图片所有人要求,此图片已删除 |
| That's it. Image removed at request of owner. |
看到了吧,经图片所有人要求,此图片已删除 |
| It turns out that somebody lampooned here, wrote to the snarky guy that does the site , not with a legal threat, not with an offer of payment, but just said, "Hey, would you mind?" |
这是有人在嘲讽 无礼的博主 不用法律去威胁也不要求博主支付罚款 而只是说:嗨,你介意吗 |
|
lampooned:vt.讽刺;n.讽刺文章; snarky:尖锐批评的;尖刻的;烦躁的;易怒的; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
|
| The person said, "No, that's fine." |
那人说:没关系 |
| I believe we can build architectures online to make such human requests that much easier to do, to make it possible for all of us to see that the data we encounter online |
我相信我们可以在网上创建这样的架构 去提出人性化的要求 这更容易实施 也更可能让我们都了解 我们在网上遇到的数据 |
|
architectures:n.建筑;架构(architecture的复数); encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见;
|
| is just stuff on which to click and paste and copy and forward that actually represents human emotion and endeavor and impact , and to be able to have an ethical moment where we decide how we want to treat it. |
只是我们要点击,粘贴和转发的东西 而这些东西代表了人类的情感 努力和影响力 人类可以表现得有道德 当我们决定怎么去对待道德 |
|
paste:v.粘贴; n.面团; adj.人造的; represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感; endeavor:n.v.努力;尽力;试图; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的;n.处方药; treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
|
| I even think it can go into the real world. |
我甚至觉得这些都可以在现实世界中实现 |
| We can end up, as we get in a world with more censors -- everywhere there is something filming you, maybe putting it online -- to be able to have a little clip you could wear that says, "You know, I'd rather not." |
我们可以结束这些现象,当我们处在审查越来越普遍的世界 在各个地方你可能会被摄影,可能摄影的照片被放到网上 可以有一小段里面你穿着写有 “你知道,我宁愿不。。。”的衣服 |
|
censors:监察官; clip:v.剪辑;修剪;削减;固定;n.夹;夹子;速度;钳;
|
| And then have technology that the person taking the photo will know later this person requested to be contacted before this goes anywhere big, if you don't mind. |
然后有这样的一种科技 拍照的人知道 他被要求与照片上的人联系 在这张照片还没有广泛传播以前 如果你不介意 |
|
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; contacted:v.联系,联络(如用电话或信件)(contact的过去分词和过去式)
|
| And that person taking the photo can make a decision about how and whether to respect it. |
那个拍照的人可以自己作决定 怎么或是否去尊重照片上的人 |
| In the real world we see filtering of this sort taking place in Pakistan. |
在现实世界中,我们看到与巴基斯坦 类似的过滤行为 |
|
filtering:v.[化工]过滤,滤除(filter的ing形式);
|
| And we now have means that we can build, like this system, so that people can report the filtering as they encounter it. |
并且我们现在有方法来创建这样一个系统 在这个系统中人们可以报告他们遇到的过滤行为 |
| And it's no longer just a, "I don't know. I couldn't get there. I guess I'll move on," |
而不再是“我不知道,我没法登录,我想我要继续下去” |
| but suddenly a collective consciousness about what is blocked and censored where online. |
但突然之间,对于网络 屏蔽和审查 有了集体性的反省 |
|
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉; censored:adj.设限,被检查过的;v.审查;删掉(censor的过去分词);
|
| In fact, talk about technology imitating life imitating tech, or maybe it's the other way around: |
其实,谈到科技模仿生活 或叫做模仿科技,或可能有其他的叫法 |
|
imitating:v.模仿;仿效;冒充;(imitate的现在分词)
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| An NYU researcher here took little cardboard robots with smiley faces on them and a motor that just drove them forward and a flag sticking out the back with a desired destination. |
一位纽约大学的研究人员发明了小的纸板机器人 并在机器人上画有笑脸 用马达推动机器人前进 机器人的背面有面旗子 写有想要到达的目的地 |
|
cardboard:n.[纸]硬纸板;纸板箱;卡纸板;adj.不真实的;硬纸板制的; smiley:n.微笑符(等于smily);adj.微笑的;引起微笑的;
|
| It said, "Can you help me get there?" |
同时也写着:你能把我带到那边吗？ |
| Released it on the streets of Manhattan. |
那位研究人员竟然把机器人放在曼哈顿的街道上 |
|
Released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式)
|
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| They'll fund anything these days. |
看来如今任何事都可能被资助 |
| Here is the chart of over 43 people helping to steer the robot that could not steer and get it on its way, from one corner from one corner of Washington Square Park to another. |
这是一张图表,关于43人 帮助迷路的机器人找到方向 让机器人顺着路 华盛顿公园的一角到 另一角 |
|
steer:v.引导;控制;操纵;驾驶(船、汽车等);n.建议;劝告;忠告;阉公牛;
|
| That leads to example number three: hitchhiking . |
那我们就可以谈谈第三个例子了:搭便车 |
|
hitchhiking:v.搭便车;搭顺风车;(hitchhike的现在分词)
|
| I'm not so sure hitchhiking is dead. |
我不清楚搭便车是否已经不流行了 |
| Why? There is the Craigslist rideshare board. |
为什么呢？因为这个克雷格列表（网站名）的共享车辆的公告板 |
|
Craigslist:n.克雷格列表(网站名);
|
| If it were called the Craigslist hitchhiking board tumbleweeds would be blowing through it. |
如果这个排名被叫作克雷格列表的搭便车公告板 那风野草（一种植物）就会把它吹掉 |
|
tumbleweeds:n.[植]风滚草;
|
| But it's the rideshare board, and it's basically the same thing. |
但这是共享车辆的公告板,这基本上是同样一回事 |
| Now why are people using it? |
现在为什么人们要用这个词呢 |
| I don't know. Maybe they think that, uh, killers don't plan ahead? |
我不知道,可能是因为他们认识杀手不会先下手为强？ |
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| No. I think the actual answer is that once you reframe it, once you get out of one set of stale expectations from a failed project that had its day, but now, for whatever reason, is tarnished , |
不,我认为真正的答案是 一旦你重新构建它 一旦你不再寄希望于 成功过 但现在出于某种原因失败的陈腐项目 |
|
reframe:v.再构造,再组织;重新制订;给…装上新框架; stale:v.走味; adj.不新鲜的; n.囮子; expectations:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;(expectation的复数) tarnished:v.使生锈;沾污;n.生锈;晦暗;污点;
|
| you can actually rekindle the kind of human kindness and sharing that something like this on Craigslist represents. |
事实上你可以重新唤起人类内心的道德和共享意识 就像克雷格列表上展现的一样 |
|
rekindle:v.使重新活跃;使复苏;
|
| And then you can highlight it into something like, yes, CouchSurfing.org. |
然后你就可以 在一些类似的网站上倡导一下 对,这是像CouchSurfing这个网站 |
|
highlight:vt.突出;强调;使显著;加亮;n.最精彩的部分;最重要的事情;加亮区;
|
| CouchSurfing: one guy's idea to, at last, put together people who are going somewhere far away and would like to sleep on a stranger's couch for free, with people who live far away, and would like someone they don't know to sleep on their couch for free. |
CouchSurfing是某个家伙出于这样的想法而创建 他把那些要去很远地方的 并想免费睡在陌生人家沙发上的人 和那些在远方的 并愿意让陌生人免费睡在他们的沙发上的人联系在一起 |
|
put together:..放在一起;组合;装配; couch:n.睡椅,长沙发;床;卧榻;v.蹲伏,埋伏;躺着;
|
| It's a brilliant idea. |
这是很聪明的想法 |
| It's a bee that, yes, flies. |
而且也成功了 |
| Amazing how many successful couch surfings there have been. |
很不可思议,有那么多人通过CouchSurfing联系在一起 |
| And if you're wondering, no, there have been no known fatalities associated with CouchSurfing. |
你们是否想知道有没有不幸发生？在所知范围内完全没有 关于CouchSurfing的不幸 |
|
fatalities:n.灾祸;命运;意外的的死亡事故(fatality的复数); associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
|
| Although, to be sure , the reputation system, at the moment, works that you leave your report after the couch surfing experience. |
虽然我可以肯定,之所以现在有那么好的声誉 是因为报告都是在事情发生之后的 |
|
to be sure:诚然;的确;哎呀(表惊奇); surfing:v.冲浪;进行冲浪运动;(互联网上)浏览;(surf的现在分词)
|
| So there may be some selection bias there. |
所以可能在选择上动过手脚 |
|
selection:n.选择;选拔;挑选;被挑选的人(或物); bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的;
|
| (Laughter) |
笑 |
| So, my urging, my thought, is that the Internet isn't just a pile of information. |
所以,我强烈建议,我的想法是 网络不只是一堆信息 |
|
pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置;
|
| It's not a noun . It's a verb. |
它不是一个名词,而是一个动词 |
|
noun:n.名词;
|
| And when you go on it, if you listen and see carefully and closely enough, what you will discover is that that information is saying something to you. |
当你在网上时 如果你足够仔细地听和看 你就会发现 信息 在向你诉说着什么 |
| What it's saying to you is what we heard yesterday, |
它所说的就是我们昨天听到的 |
| Demosthenes was saying to us. |
德摩斯梯尼（古希腊雄辩家）告诉我们 |
| It's saying, "Let's march." Thank you very much. |
“让我们向前进”。谢谢大家 |
| (Applause) |
掌声 |