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JonathanMarks_2017X-_甄别不可信统计数据的3种方法_
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| Twenty years ago, when I was a barrister and human rights lawyer in full-time legal practice in London, and the highest court in the land still convened , some would say by an accident of history, in this building here, |
20 年前, 我担任讼务律师和人权律师时, 在伦敦从事全职的法律实务, 英国最高法院依然在这里开庭; 有人说这是因为历史上的一个意外; 就在这一栋建筑里, |
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barrister:n.律师; (英)(有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的)专门律师; full-time:adj.专职的;全日制的;全部时间的; legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; convened:v.召集;集合;召唤;(convene的过去式和过去分词)
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| I met a young man who had just quit his job in the British Foreign Office . |
我遇见了一个男生, 他刚从英国外交部辞去工作。 |
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quit:v.离开;放弃;停止;使…解除;n.离开;[计]退出;adj.摆脱了…的;已经了结的; Foreign Office:un.外交部;
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| When I asked him, "Why did you leave," |
我问他:「为什么你要离开？」 |
| he told me this story. |
他告诉我下面的故事。 |
| He had gone to his boss one morning and said, "Let's do something about human rights abuses in China." |
有一天早上,他问他的上司说: 「我们可以为中国 人权问题做点事吗？」 |
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abuses:v.滥用;虐待;辱骂(abuse的三单形式);n.滥用;虐待;暴行(abuse的复数);
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| And his boss had replied, "We can't do anything about human rights abuses in China because we have trade relations with China." |
他的上司回答他: 「我们无法为中国 人权问题做任何事, 因为我们跟中国 有贸易的往来关系。」 |
| So my friend went away with his tail between his legs, and six months later, he returned again to his boss, and he said this time, "Let's do something about human rights in Burma ," |
所以我的朋友悻悻地离开, 六个月以后他再去见他的上司, 这次他这么说: 「让我们为缅甸 (Burma) 人权问题做点事好吗？」 |
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Burma:n.缅甸(东南亚国家);
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| as it was then called. |
那时还是这么称呼这个国家。 （现称 Myanmar） |
| His boss once again paused and said, "Oh, but we can't do anything about human rights in Burma because we don't have any trade relations with Burma." |
他的上司再次停下来,然后说: 「哦,可是我们没办法 为缅甸人权问题做任何事啊, 因为我们跟缅甸没有 半点贸易关系。」 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| This was the moment he knew he had to leave. |
当下那一刻, 他了解他必须辞去工作了。 |
| It wasn't just the hypocrisy that got to him. |
那不只是那种 假仁假义的感觉袭上他, |
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hypocrisy:n.虚伪;伪善;
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| It was the unwillingness of his government to engage in conflict with other governments, intense discussions, all the while, innocent people were being harmed. |
而是他对于这个政府, 不愿去与其他政府发生「冲突」, 不愿意去进行密切的商谈, 才使他死了心。 因为与此同时, 无辜的人正在受到伤害。 |
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unwillingness:n.不愿意;不情愿; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋;
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| We are constantly told that conflict is bad that compromise is good; that conflict is bad but consensus is good; that conflict is bad and collaboration is good. |
我们经常被告知: 「与人发生冲突是不好的, 妥协才是好的;」 「冲突是坏的, 达成共识是好的;」 「冲突是不对的, 合作才是好的。」 |
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constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; compromise:n.妥协;折中;互让;和解;v.妥协;违背(原则);达不到(标准);使陷入危险; consensus:n.一致;舆论;合意; collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌;
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| But in my view, that's far too simple a vision of the world. |
但是以我的观点来看, 对与这个世界而言, 这些话显得太单纯了。 |
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vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
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| We cannot know whether conflict is bad unless we know who is fighting, why they are fighting and how they are fighting. |
我们无从知道, 冲突是否不好, 除非我们了解是谁在奋斗, 为什么他们要抗争, 和他们如何抗战。 |
| And compromises can be thoroughly rotten if they harm people who are not at the table, people who are vulnerable , disempowered , people whom we have an obligation to protect. |
妥协可能会彻底腐败, 假如它们伤害到 没有在谈判桌上的人, 那些很脆弱和被剥夺权利的人; 那些我们有义务去保护的人。 |
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compromises:n.妥协; v.妥协; thoroughly:adv.彻底地,完全地; rotten:adj.腐烂的;堕落的;恶臭的;虚弱的;极坏的;adv.非常; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; disempowered:vt.剥夺(个人或团体)的选择与行动权; obligation:n.义务;责任;职责;(已承诺的或法律等规定的)义务;
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| Now, you might be somewhat skeptical of a lawyer arguing about the benefits of conflict and creating problems for compromise, but I did also qualify as a mediator , and these days, I spend my time giving talks about ethics for free. |
现在你可能会对眼前 这位律师感到怀疑: 他在这里谈论冲突的好处, 向妥协发难, 但是我的资格的确 足够作为一个和事佬, 最近我花了很多时间免费演讲, 谈论自由和伦理道德的关系。 |
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somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微; skeptical:adj.怀疑的;怀疑论的,不可知论的; qualify:vt.限制;使具有资格;证明…合格;vi.取得资格,有资格; mediator:n.调停者;传递者;中介物; ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准;
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| So as my bank manager likes to remind me, I'm downwardly mobile . |
所以我的银行经理提醒我, 说我是在向下沉沦。 |
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remind:v.提醒;使想起; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
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| But if you accept my argument, it should change not just the way we lead our personal lives, which I wish to put to one side for the moment, but it will change the way we think about major problems of public health and the environment. |
但是如果你接受我的论点, 它不但可以改变 我们过生活的方式── 这个话题我暂时先把它放到一旁; 也可以改变我们对于公卫和环境等 主要问题的思考方式。 |
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personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
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| Let me explain. |
让我解释一下。 |
| Every middle schooler in the United States, my 12-year-old daughter included, learns that there are three branches of government, the legislative , the executive and the judicial branch. |
美国的每一位国中生, 包括我 12 岁的女儿在内, 都知道政府有三个分支, 它们分别是立法部门、 行政部门和司法单位。 |
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United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) legislative:adj.立法的;有立法权的;n.立法权;立法机构; executive:n.管理人员; adj.经营管理的; judicial:adj.公正的,明断的;法庭的;审判上的;
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| James Madison wrote, "If there is any principle more sacred in our Constitution , and indeed in any free constitution,than any other, it is that which separates the legislative, the executive and the judicial powers." |
詹姆斯．麦迪逊在他的书中写到: 「在我们的宪法中, 应该说是在任何自由的宪法中, 如果有什么原则, 比起其他原则更为神圣的话; 就是那种将立法、行政、司法权, 个别分开独立出来的原则。」 |
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principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉; Constitution:n.宪法;构成;体质;组成;
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| Now, the framers were not just concerned about the concentration and exercise of power. |
宪法制订者不只是关注 权力的集中和实行而已。 |
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framers:n.制宪者;筹划者(framer的复数); concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) concentration:n.浓度;含量;集中;专心;
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| They also understood the perils of influence . |
他们也理解「影响力」的危险。 |
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perils:n.事故;风险(peril的复数);v.冒险;置…于危险中(peril的第三人称单数); influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
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| Judges cannot determine the constitutionality of laws if they participate in making those laws, nor can they hold the other branches of government accountable if they collaborate with them or enter into close relationships with them. |
法官不可以决定法律本身是否合宪, 假使法官本身参与制订法律的话; 他们也无法对政府 其他分支机构进行追究, 如果他们之间有合作关系, 或是与他们建立密切的关系。 |
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determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; constitutionality:n.符合宪法;立宪; participate:v.参加;参与; accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的; collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌; enter into:进入;讨论;成为…的一部分;研讨;分享;体谅;
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| The Constitution is, as one famous scholar put it, "an invitation to struggle." |
「宪法」,正如一位 着名学者所说的, 「是一封斗争的邀请函。」 |
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scholar:n.学者;奖学金获得者;聪颖勤奋的学生; invitation:n.邀请,引诱
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| And we the people are served when those branches do, indeed, struggle with each other. |
而老百姓是被影响的对象, 假如那些政府机构 彼此之间互相对抗的话。 |
| Now, we recognize the importance of struggle not just in the public sector between our branches of government. |
我们理解斗争的重要性, 不仅是在我们政府分支的 公众部门而已, |
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recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; public sector:n.公营部门;公共部门;
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| We also know it too in the private sector , in relationships among corporations . |
我们也知道在私人公司的部门之间, 也存在同样问题。 |
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private sector:n.(国家经济的)私营部分; corporations:n.[贸易]公司,[经]企业(corporation的复数形式);
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| Let's imagine that two American airlines get together and agree that they will not drop the price of their economy class airfares below 250 dollars a ticket. |
让我们想像一下, 如果两家美国航空公司集合在一起, 彼此同意不要把经济舱的机票 价格降到每张 250 美元以下, |
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airlines:n.航空公司(airline的复数);航空业; get together:聚会 economy:n.经济;节约;理财; airfares:飞机票价(airfare的名词复数);
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| That is collaboration, some would say collusion , not competition , and we the people are harmed because we pay more for our tickets. |
那就是「合作」, 有人把它称之为「共谋」, 而不是竞争, 那么遭殃的是大家, 因为我们要付出 更高的价格来买机票。 |
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collusion:n.勾结;共谋; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
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| Imagine similarly two airlines were to say, "Look, Airline A, we'll take the route from LA to Chicago," |
假想一下,同样的 两家航空公司如果这样说: 「航空公司甲,我们想飞 洛杉矶到芝加哥的航线。」 |
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similarly:adv.同样地;类似于; route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送;
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| and Airline B says, "We'll take the route from Chicago to DC, and we won't compete ." |
然后航空公司乙说: 那么我们就不用互相竞争了。」 |
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compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛);
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| Once again, that's collaboration or collusion instead of competition, and we the people are harmed. |
这同样也是一种合作或共谋, 而不是竞争, 受到伤害的还是大家。 |
| So we understand the importance of struggle when it comes to relationships between branches of government,the public sector. |
就政府公众部门之间的关系而论, 我们知道抗争的重要性。 就私人公司各单位之间的关系而论, |
| We also understand the importance of conflict when it comes to relationships among corporations,the private sector. |
我们也知道冲突的重要性。 但是我们忽略的是,公家单位与私营企業之间的关系。 |
| But where we have forgotten it is in the relationships between the public and the private. |
但是我们忽略的是, 公家单位与私营企業之间的关系。 |
| And governments all over the world are collaborating with industry to solve problems of public health and the environment, often collaborating with the very corporations that are creating or exacerbating the problems they are trying to solve. |
全世界的政府都在与工業界合作, 解决公共卫生和环境的问题, 通常合作的对象是那些制造出 更多问题,或是使问题恶化的公司。 |
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collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词) exacerbating:v.恶化(exacerbate的现在分词);
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| We are told that these relationships are a win-win . |
我们被告知这些关系 是一个双赢的关系。 |
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win-win:adj.双赢的;互利互惠的;
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| But what if someone is losing out? |
但是如果一方有利益损失怎么办呢？ |
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what if:如果…怎么办?
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| Let me give you some examples. |
让我给你一些案例。 |
| A United Nations agency decided to address a serious problem: poor sanitation in schools in rural India. |
联合国的一个机构, 决定处理一个严峻的问题: 印度乡下学校极差的卫生状况。 |
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United Nations:n.联合国; agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; sanitation:n.[医]环境卫生;卫生设备;下水道设施; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
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| They did so not just in collaboration with national and local governments but also with a television company and with a major multinational soda company. |
他们不仅与国家和当地政府合作, 也和一家电视公司合作, 还有一家跨国汽水公司合作, |
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multinational:adj.跨国公司的;多国的;n.跨国公司; soda:n.苏打;纯碱;苏打汽水(加果味,有时加入冰淇淋);无水碳酸钠;
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| In exchange for less than one million dollars, that corporation received the benefits of a months-long promotional campaign including a 12-hour telethon all using the company's logo and color scheme . |
以交换低于 100 万美元的经费, 让那家公司获得一个月的促销活动, 包含一个持续 12 个小时的 电视募款活动, 全部使用该公司的商标和配色设计。 |
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In exchange for:作为…的交换; promotional:adj.促销的;增进的;奖励的; telethon:n.长时间连续电视广播节目; logo:n.标志; scheme:n.计划;方案;体系;体制;阴谋;v.密谋;图谋;想;认为;
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| This was an arrangement which was totally understandable from the corporation's point of view . |
从该公司的角度来看, 这种安排是完全可以理解的。 它强化了公司的名誉, |
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arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲; understandable:adj.可以理解的;可以了解的; point of view:观点;见地;立场;
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| It enhances the reputation of the company and it creates brand loyalty for its products. |
它强化了公司的名誉, 也创造了他们产品的品牌忠诚度。 |
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enhances:提高(enhance的第三人称单数); brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印; loyalty:n.忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情;
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| But in my view, this is profoundly problematic for the intergovernmental agency, an agency that has a mission to promote sustainable living. |
但是从我的眼光来看, 这对于此跨政府的机构 会造成深远的问题, 这个机构的使命是提倡永续生活。 |
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profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; problematic:adj.问题的;有疑问的;不确定的; intergovernmental:adj.政府间的; mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; promote:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
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| By increasing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages made from scarce local water supplies and drunk out of plastic bottles in a country that is already grappling with obesity , this is neither sustainable from a public health nor an environmental point of view. |
透过增加含糖饮料的销售量, 消耗当地已经匮乏的水资源, 来制造塑胶瓶装饮料, 在一个已经陷入肥胖症困境的国家, 站在公共卫生的立场来看, 这既不合乎永续性, 也不合乎环保的观点。 |
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consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; beverages:n.饮料;酒水;饮料类(beverage的复数形式); scarce:adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;adj.缺乏的;不足的;稀少的; grappling:v.扭打;搏斗;努力设法解决;(grapple的现在分词) obesity:n.肥大,肥胖;
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| And in order to solve one public health problem, the agency is sowing the seeds of another. |
为了解决一个公共卫生问题, 这个机构埋下另一个坏的种子。 |
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sowing:n.播种;v.播种(sow的现在分词);
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| This is just one example of dozens I discovered in researching a book on the relationships between government and industry. |
这只是我在书中搜寻 政府与工業关系的时候, 很多例子的其中一个。 |
| I could also have told you about the initiatives in parks in London and throughout Britain, involving the same company, promoting exercise, or indeed of the British government creating voluntary pledges in partnership with industry instead of regulating industry. |
我还可以告诉你另外一个提案, 要在伦敦和整个英国的 公园倡导运动, 也牵涉到同一家公司, 或实际上,是由英国政府出面, 而不是向工業界提出规范。 |
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initiatives:n.积极性;主动权(initiative的复数);创始; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; involving:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;(involve的现在分词) promoting:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升;(promote的现在分词) voluntary:adj.自愿的;志愿的;自发的;故意的;n.志愿者;自愿行动; pledges:n.保证,誓言;抵押;抵押品,典当物;vt.保证,许诺;用…抵押;举杯祝…健康; partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约; regulating:vt.调节;校正(regulate的现在分词);
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| These collaborations or partnerships have become the paradigm in public health, and once again, they make sense from the point of view of industry. |
这些合作或合伙关系, 已经成为公共健康的范例, 而再一次,以工業界的角度来看, 他们让此种作法合理化, |
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collaborations:n.协作(collaboration的复数); partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数) paradigm:n.范例;词形变化表; make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理;
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| It allows them to frame public health problems and their solutions in ways that are least threatening to, most consonant with their commercial interests. |
容许他们框架 公共卫生问题及解决方法, 采用对他们最少威胁的手法, 而且大部分都与他们的 商業利益一致。 |
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consonant:adj.辅音的;一致的;和谐的;n.辅音;辅音字母; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
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| So obesity becomes a problem of individual decision-making , of personal behavior, personal responsibility and lack of physical activity. |
所以肥胖的困扰, 成为个人抉择的问题, 或个人的行为问题, 是个人的责任还有缺乏运动的问题。 |
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individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; decision-making:n.决策; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
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| It is not a problem,when framed this way, of a multinational food system involving major corporations. |
照这样的框架来看,这根本不是 牵涉大企業的跨国食品系统问题。 |
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framed:v.给…做框;给…镶边;制订;拟订;(frame的过去分词和过去式)
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| And again, I don't blame industry. |
再说一次,我并不怪罪工業界。 |
| Industry naturally engages in strategies of influence to promote its commercial interests. |
工業界很自然地 会运用策略发挥影响力, 为了谋求商業利益而进行促销活动。 |
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naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; engages:从事; strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
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| But governments have a responsibility to develop counterstrategies to protect us and the common good. |
但是政府有责任, 研究对策, 来保护我们, 和我们的公共利益。 |
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counterstrategies:用法,发音,音标,搭配,同义词,反义词和例句等在线英语服务。;
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| The mistake that governments are making when they collaborate in this way with industry is that they conflate the common good with common ground . |
（字幕:公共利益） 当他们用这种方式 与工業界协调的时候, 错在于:政府把 两件事情混淆在一起。 错在于:政府把 两件事情混淆在一起。 那就是「共同点」与「公共利益。」 |
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conflate:vt.合并;异文合并; common ground:n.共同点;
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| When you collaborate with industry, you necessarily put off the table things that might promote the common good to which industry will not agree. |
当你跟工業界合作的时候, 你必须先把那些促进公共利益的事情, 先从谈判桌上移走, |
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necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
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| Industry will not agree to increased regulation unless it believes this will stave off even more regulation or perhaps knock some competitors out of the market. |
他们不会同意加强对他们的约束, 除非他们相信这种合作, 可以让他们避开更多的管制, 或让他们的竞争对手 被踢出市场之外。 |
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regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的; stave:n.狭板;梯级;诗句;五线谱表;vt.延缓;击穿;凿孔于;压扁;vi.破碎;穿孔;
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| Nor can companies agree to do certain things, for example raise the prices of their unhealthy products, because that would violate competition law, as we've established . |
公司也不见得愿意去做某一些事, 例如提高他们不健康产品的售价, 因为那样会违反「公平交易法」, 那是我们已经建立完成的。 |
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unhealthy:不健康的 violate:v.违反,违背(法律、协议等);侵犯(隐私等);亵渎; established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式)
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| So our governments should not confound the common good and common ground, especially when common ground means reaching agreement with industry. |
所以我们的政府, 不应该将公共利益 和共同点混淆在一起, 特别是当共同点代表的是 与工業界达成的协议的时候。 |
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confound:v.使困惑惊讶;使惊疑;证明…有错;战胜; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
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| I want to give you another example, moving from high-profile collaboration to something that is below ground both literally and figuratively : the hydraulic fracturing of natural gas . |
我想再给你一个例子, 我们已经讲过备受瞩目的合作计画, 再来是有关台面下合作的案例; 从字面上或用比喻的方式来看。 那就是水力压裂法开采天然气。 |
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high-profile:adj.高调的;备受瞩目的;知名度高的; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: figuratively:adv.比喻地;象征性地; hydraulic:adj.液压的;水力的;水力学的; fracturing:n.水力压裂;破碎;龟裂;v.使破裂;粉碎(fracture的ing形式); natural gas:n.天然气;
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| Imagine that you purchase a plot of land not knowing the mineral rights have been sold. |
假想一下你购买了一块土地, 但是不知道采矿权已经被卖掉了, |
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purchase:n.购买;采购;购买的东西;购买项目;v.购买;采购; plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表); mineral:n.矿物;矿物质;汽水;adj.矿物(性)的;含矿物的;无机的;
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| This is before the fracking boom . |
这是水力压裂法榮景之前发生的事。 |
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fracking:n.水力压裂; boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的;
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| You build your dream home on that plot, and shortly afterwards, you discover that a gas company is building a well pad on your land. |
你在你的产業上 盖了一栋梦想的房子, 盖好之后没多久, 你发现天然气公司 在你的土地上兴建钻井平台, |
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pad:n.软垫,护垫;便笺本;爪垫;肉掌;v.填充,覆盖,保护;蹑手蹑脚地走;做黑账;
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| That was the plight of the Hallowich family. |
这其实正是哈洛维奇家族 以前碰到的困境。 |
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plight:n.困境;境况;誓约;vt.保证;约定;
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| Within a very short period of time, they began to complain of headaches, of sore throats, of itchy eyes, in addition to the interference of the noise, vibration and the bright lights from the flaring of natural gas. |
在非常短的一段时间内, 他们开始抱怨头痛、 喉咙痛、眼睛痒, 除此之外还有噪音震动的干扰, 和天然气燃烧时发出的亮光等。 |
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complain:v.投诉;发牢骚;诉说; sore:n.疮;痛处;伤处;adj.(发炎)疼痛的;酸痛的;气恼;愤慨; itchy:adj.发痒的;渴望的; in addition to:除…之外; interference:n.干扰,冲突;干涉; vibration:n.振动;犹豫;心灵感应; flaring:adj.燃烧的; n.[机]扩口; v.闪光;
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| They were very vocal in their criticisms , and then they fell silent. |
他们激烈地批评这些事, 然后他们突然噤声了。 |
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vocal:adj.嗓音的;发声的;大声表达的;直言不讳的;n.(乐曲中的)歌唱部分; criticisms:n.批评;评论(criticism的复数形式);
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| And thanks to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, where this image appeared, and one other newspaper, we discovered why they fell silent. |
多亏匹兹堡邮报, 才有上面的那张图像, 加上另一家报社, 我们才瞭解他们不再发声的原因, |
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Pittsburgh:n.匹兹堡(美国一座城市);
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| The newspapers went to the court and said, "What happened to the Hallowiches?" |
这家报社跑到法院去问: 「哈洛维奇家族到底如何了？」 |
| And it turned out the Hallowiches had made a secret settlement with the gas operators, and it was a take-it-or-leave-it settlement. |
结果发现哈洛维奇家族, 已经私下与天然气業者 达成秘密协议, |
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settlement:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点; take-it-or-leave-it:adj.无商谈余地的;无选择余地的;二者择一的;
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| The gas company said, you can have a six-figure sum to move elsewhere and start your lives again, but in return you must promise not to speak of your experience with our company, not to speak of your experience with fracking, not to speak about the health consequences that might have been revealed by a medical examination. |
天然气公司说, 你可以获得六位数字的补偿金额, 搬到其他地方去重新展开你的生活, 但代价是:你必须答应我们, 但代价是:你必须答应我们, 也不可以谈论 你对于水力压裂法的体验, 不可以谈到你的健康受损情况, 这个或许早已在健康檢查中就发现了。 |
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elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; not to speak of:更不用说; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数); revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式)
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| Now, I do not blame the Hallowiches for accepting a take-it-or-leave-it settlement and starting their lives elsewhere. |
其实我不怪哈洛维奇接受那种 「不要就拉倒」的协议, 并且搬到其他地方重新展开生活。 |
| And one can understand why the company would wish to silence a squeaky wheel . |
因为大家都能够理解, 为什么那家公司希望禁止 寻求赔偿的抱怨者发出声音。 |
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squeaky:adj.发轧声的;吱吱响的; wheel:车轮,转动
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| What I want to point the finger at is the legal and regulatory system, a system in which there are networks of agreements just like this one which serve to silence people and seal off data points from public health experts and epidemiologists , a system in which regulators |
我想指责的对象是法律和管理系统, 一个隐藏了合作协议 在内的网路系统, 就像这件事一样, 用来封住人们的嘴巴, 把资料点封锁住, 将公共健康专家 和流行病学家排除在外。 作为一个系统内的管理者, |
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regulatory:adj.管理的;控制的;调整的; epidemiologists:n.流行病学家(epidemiologist的复数); regulators:n.调整者;调节阀(regulator的复数形式);
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| will even refrain from issuing a violation notice in the event of pollution if the landowner and the gas company agree to settle. |
竟敢在污染事件中, 逃避开出违规事件通知单, 只要土地所有人和天然气業者之间, 私下达成协议就好。 |
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refrain:vi.节制,克制;避免;制止;n.叠句,副歌;重复; issuing:n.发行物;争论点;期刊号;v.发行(issue的ing形式);分配;流出; violation:n.违反;妨碍,侵害;违背;强奸; landowner:n.地主,土地所有者;
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| This is a system which isn't just bad from a public health point of view; it exposes hazards to local families who remain in the dark. |
从公共卫生的角度来看, 这种系统不只是坏的, 它更让当地居民暴露在风险之中, 任令他们躲在黑暗之处。 |
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exposes:v.暴露;;揭露;揭穿;使面临(expose的第三人称单数) hazards:n.危害;[安全]危险;障碍(hazard的复数);v.使冒危险;赌(hazard的三单形式);
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| Now, I have given you two examples not because they are isolated examples. |
现在我已经提出了两个例子, |
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isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
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| They are examples of a systemic problem. |
而是因为它们是 系统性问题的一个范例。 |
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systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的;
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| I could share some counterexamples , the case for example of the public official who sues the pharmaceutical company for concealing the fact that its antidepressant increases suicidal thoughts in adolescents . |
我可以分享一些反例, 例如某位公家官员的案件, 他以隐瞒真相的理由, 控告制药公司, 因为他们的抗忧郁药剂, |
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counterexamples:n.反例; official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员; sues:v.起诉(sue的第三人称单数形式);控告; pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的;n.药物; concealing:v.隐藏;隐瞒;掩盖;(conceal的现在分词) antidepressant:n.抗抑郁剂;adj.抗抑郁的(等于antidepressive); suicidal:adj.自杀的,自杀性的;自我毁灭的;自取灭亡的; adolescents:n.[人类]青少年(adolescent复数);
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| I can tell you about the regulator who went after the food company for exaggerating the purported health benefits of its yogurt. |
我可以告诉你们某位管理官员, 对其酸奶制品,誇大声称 对健康有益所做的事。 |
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exaggerating:v.夸张;夸大;言过其实(exaggerate的现在分词) purported:adj.据称的;传言的;v.声称;自称;标榜;(purport的过去分词和过去式)
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| And I can tell you about the legislator who despite heavy lobbying directed at both sides of the aisle pushes for environmental protections. |
我也可以告诉你们某位立法人员, 不理会那些站在 走廊两旁的众多说客, 他还是不为所动地在推动环保。 |
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legislator:n.立法者; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; lobbying:v.游说(从政者或政府);(lobby的现在分词) aisle:n.通道,走道;侧廊;
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| These are isolated examples, but they are beacons of light in the darkness, and they can show us the way. |
这些都是独立的个案, 但是他们都是黑夜里灯塔中的光明, 而他们可以为我们指引道路。 |
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beacons:n.[水文]指向标; v.照亮,指引(beacon的第三人称单数);
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| I began by suggesting that sometimes we need to engage in conflict. |
我演讲开始时提出 我们有时需要参与斗争, |
| Governments should tussle with, struggle with, at times engage in direct conflict with corporations. |
政府应该与公司争执、 斗争、时时直接与公司冲突, |
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tussle:vi.打斗;扭打;剧烈的斗争;n.争斗,扭打;
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| This is not because governments are inherently good and corporations are inherently evil . |
这不是因为政府本质上是好的, 而公司本质上是邪恶的。 |
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inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地; evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸;
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| Each is capable of good or ill. |
彼此都可以作好事或坏事。 |
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capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
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| But corporations understandably act to promote their commercial interests, and they do so either sometimes undermining or promoting the common good. |
但公司为了创造利润, 进行促销是可理解的行为, 但他们那样做,可能削弱、 或提升公共利益。 |
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understandably:adv.可理解地; undermining:v.逐渐削弱;使逐步减少效力;从根基处破坏;(undermine的现在分词)
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| But it is the responsibility of governments to protect and promote the common good. |
但是那绝对是政府的责任 来保护和提升公共利益。 |
| And we should insist that they fight to do so. |
我们应该坚持要他们为此而奋斗。 |
| This is because governments are the guardians of public health; governments are the guardians of the environment; and it is governments that are guardians of these essential parts of our common good. |
这是因为「政府」 是公共健康的守护者。 政府是环境的守护者; 而且政府也是必不可缺的一个要素, 守护我们的公共利益。 |
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guardians:n.保护人,[法]监护人(guardian的复数形式); essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的;
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| Thank you. |
谢谢你们。 |
| (Applause) |
谢谢你们。 |