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JonathanKlein_2010U-_改变世界的照片_
In my industry, we believe that images can change the world. 干我们这行的人, 都相信图片是可以改变世界的。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
Okay, we're naive , we're bright-eyed and bushy-tailed . 好吧,我们是很天真,我们又明亮的双眼和毛绒绒的尾巴。
naive:adj.天真的,幼稚的; bright-eyed:adj.眼睛明亮的;热情的; bushy-tailed:adj.(像狐狸尾巴那样)松软的;模糊的,不肯定的;
The truth is that we know that the images themselves don't change the world, but we're also aware that, since the beginning of photography , images have provoked reactions in people, and those reactions have caused change to happen. 实际上,我们都知道, 图片本身不会改变世界。 但我们也清楚,摄影业刚发展起来的时候, 图片就已经在人群中激起了波澜。 而那些波澜就造成了变革。
photography:n.摄影;摄影术; provoked:v.激起;引发;挑衅;刺激;(provoke的过去分词和过去式) reactions:n.反应;回应;抗拒;生理反应;副作用(reaction的复数)
So let's begin with a group of images. 大家先看一组图片吧。
I'd be extremely surprised if you didn't recognize many or most of them. 如果你们没认出它们中的大部分, 我会很吃惊的。
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
They're best described as iconic , so iconic , perhaps they're cliches . 这些都是被称作“具有代表性”的图片。 太有代表性了,可能算陈词滥调了。
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) iconic:adj.图标的,形象的; cliches:n.陈腔滥调;
In fact, they're so well-known that you might even recognize them in a slightly or somewhat different form. 实际上,它们非常有名。 估计你都能 认出他们的另一种形式。
well-known:adj.著名的;众所周知的;清楚明白的; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微;
(Laughter) （笑）
But I think we're looking for something more. 我觉得我们要的不止这些。
We're looking for something more. 我们需要更多。
We're looking for images that shine an uncompromising light on crucial issues , images that transcend borders, that transcend religions, images that provoke us to step up and do something, in other words, to act. 我们需要那些 在关键问题上决不妥协的图片, 那些超越国界,超越宗教的图片, 那些 让我们勇敢站出来做些什么的图片。 也就是,去改变。
uncompromising:adj.不妥协的,不让步的;坚定的; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) transcend:v.超出,超越(通常的界限);
Well, this image, you've all seen. 这幅图,你们都见过。
It changed our view of the physical world. 它改变了我们对物质世界的认知。
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
We had never seen our planet from this perspective before. 我们从没在这个角度看我们的星球。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
Many people credit a lot of the birth of the environmental movement to our seeing the planet like this for the first time, its smallness , its fragility . 很多人都把环保运动的开始, 归功于人们 第一次见到 这样的地球, 它那么小,那么脆弱。
smallness:n.小;贫乏;小气; fragility:n.脆弱;[力]易碎性;虚弱;
40 years later, this group, more than most, are well aware of the destructive power that our species can wield over our environment. 四十年后,这些环保团体, 逐渐意识到我们这个物种 对环境的毁灭性破坏力。
destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类; wield:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等);
And at last, we appear to be doing something about it. 后来,我们开始对此采取行动。
This destructive power takes many different forms. 这些毁灭性破坏力表现在不同方面。
For example, these images taken by Brent Stirton in the Congo, these gorillas were murdered, some would even say crucified , and unsurprisingly , they sparked international outrage . 比方说布伦特·斯蒂尔顿(Brent Stirton) 在刚果拍摄的这些照片, 这些大猩猩被人宰杀,可能你还会说它们被钉在十字架上。 毫无疑问, 这些照片在国际上引起了强烈反响。
Brent:n.黑雁;布伦特(英国英格兰东南部城市); gorillas:n.[脊椎]大猩猩;暴徒(gorilla的复数); crucified:v.被钉十字架;被钉死十字架(crucify的过去分词形式);迫害; unsurprisingly:adv.不出所料的;不出奇的;意料中的; sparked:v.点燃,发动(spark的过去式,过去分词);鼓舞; outrage:n.愤怒,愤慨;暴行;侮辱;vt.凌辱,强奸;对…施暴行;激起愤怒;
Most recently , we've been tragically reminded of the destructive power of nature itself with the recent earthquake in Haiti . 最近, 海地的地震, 让我们认识到了大自然本身的破坏力。
recently:adv.最近;新近; tragically:adv.悲剧地;悲惨地; reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式) Haiti:n.海地;
What I think that is far worse is man's destructive power over man. 我觉得人类的自相残杀 比上面说的那些可怕的多。
Samuel Pisar, an Auschwitz survivor said, and I'll quote him, "The Holocaust teaches us that nature, even in its cruelest moments, is benign in comparison with man, when he loses his moral compass and his reason." 萨缪尔·皮萨(Samuel Pisar),一个奥斯威辛集中营的幸存者 曾经说过（我在这里引用他的话）, （纳粹对犹太人的）屠杀告诉我们, 自然,即使是它最残忍的时候, 和一个失去理智和道德准则的人比起来, 还是要仁慈的多。
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; Holocaust:n.大屠杀;毁灭; cruelest:adj.残忍的;令人痛苦的;(cruel的最高级) benign:adj.良性的;和蔼的,亲切的;吉利的; in comparison with:与…比较,同…比较起来; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; compass:n.罗盘;指南针;圆规;范围;界限;v.理解;领悟;将…包围;成功办到
There's another kind of crucifixion . 人类还有其他的暴行。
crucifixion:n.刑罚;苦难;
The horrifying images from Abu Ghraib as well as the images from Guantanamo had a profound impact . 美军虐囚的骇人图片, 还有这些关塔那摩的图片, 都产生了深远影响。
horrifying:adj.令人极其震惊的;v.惊吓;使厌恶;(horrify的现在分词) as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; Guantanamo:n.关塔那摩(古巴); profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
The publication of those images, as opposed to the images themselves, caused a government to change its policies . 相较于这些照片本身, 它们的公开, 才是让政府改变政策的原因。
publication:n.出版物;发表;公布;发行; opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式) policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
Some would argue that it is those images that did more to fuel the insurgency in Iraq than virtually any other single act. 有些人认为,是这些照片 导致伊拉克的暴动进一步升级, 它们比其他任何行动更有影响力。
insurgency:n.叛乱;暴动;叛乱状态; virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上;
Furthermore , those images forever removed the so-called moral high ground of the occupying forces. 而且,这些照片永久性地摧毁了 驻伊美军的所谓道德高地。
Furthermore:adv.此外;而且; so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; high ground:n.有利条件; occupying:v.占用;使用;居住;占领;占据;(occupy的现在分词)
Let's go back a little. 让我们回顾历史。
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Vietnam War was basically shown in America's living rooms day in, day out. 上世纪六七十年代, 越战的画面, 在电视上反复播放。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
News photos brought people face to face with the victims of the war, a little girl burned by napalm , a student killed by the National Guard at Kent State University in Ohio during a protest . 新闻图片让人们 直面战争的受害者,被汽油弹烧伤的小女孩, 一个在俄亥俄州的肯特州立大学参与抗议活动 被镇压部队打死的学生。
napalm:n.凝固汽油;凝固汽油弹;汽油胶化剂; National Guard:n.国民警卫队;后备役军人; State University:n.(美国)州立大学; protest:n.抗议;抗议书(或行动);反对;v.(公开)反对;抗议;申辩;
In fact, these images became the voices of protest themselves. 实际上,这些照片 成为了最有力的抗议声音。
Now, images have power to shed light of understanding on suspicion , ignorance , and in particular -- I've given a lot of talks on this but I'll just show one image -- the issue of HIV/AIDS. 现在,照片有了 让怀疑与无知 重见光明的力量。 尤其是关于艾滋病的议题 ——我做过很多这方面的演讲, 这次就只给大家看一张照片——
shed light:发光;使某事容易理解;这里是增加透明度; suspicion:n.怀疑;嫌疑;疑心;一点儿;v.怀疑; ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂; in particular:尤其,特别;
In the 1980s the stigmatization of people with the disease was an enormous barrier to even discussing or addressing it. 上世纪八十年代,对这种疾病的各种流言蜚语 让多数人 都不愿意讨论或提起它。
stigmatization:n.stigmatize的变形侮辱,谴责; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
A simple act, in 1987, of the most famous woman in the world, the Princess of Wales, touching an HIV/AIDS infected baby, did a great deal, especially in Europe, to stop that. 1987年,世界上最著名的一个女人,作了一件简单的事情, 戴安娜王妃, 抚摸了一个受艾滋病毒感染的婴儿。 这个举动消除了民众对艾滋病的误解,尤其在欧洲。
Princess:n.王妃;(除女王或王后外的)王室女成员;(尤指)公主;王公贵族夫人; infected:adj.带菌的; v.传染; (infect的过去分词和过去式) especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
She, better than most, knew the power of an image. 她比多数人更清楚图片的力量。
So when we are confronted by a powerful image, we all have a choice. 当我们面对一张有影响力的照片时, 我们都可以选择。
confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式)
We can look away, or we can address the image. 我们可以看向别处,或者,我们可以让它为更多人所知。
Thankfully , when these photos appeared in the Guardian in 1998, they put a lot of focus and attention, and in the end a lot of money, towards the Sudan famine relief efforts. 值得庆幸地是, 当这些图片于1998年出现在英国《卫报》的时候, 人们开始关注它,最后为苏丹饥荒的灾民, 捐了很多钱。
Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地; Guardian:n.[法]监护人,保护人;守护者;adj.守护的; famine:n.饥荒; relief:n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕;
Did the images change the world? 图片改变了世界吗？
No, but they had a major impact. 不,但他们产生了深远影响。
Images often push us to question our core beliefs and our responsibilities to each other. 图片常常让我们质疑自己的信念 还有我们对彼此的责任。
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
We all saw those images after Katrina, and I think for millions of people, they had a very strong impact, and I think it's very unlikely that they were far from the minds of Americans when they went to vote in November 2008. 我们都看过卡特里纳飓风的图片, 我想这些图片对几百万人, 都产生了极大影响。 在2008大选的时候, 让美国人不去想那些照片 是几乎不可能的。
unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的;
Unfortunately , some very important images are deemed too graphic or disturbing for us to see them. 很遗憾的是,一些很重要的相片 因为太“真实”而不能公开。
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; deemed:v.认为;视为;相信;(deem的过去分词和过去式) graphic:adj.形象的;图表的;绘画似的; disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词)
I'll show you one photo here, and it's a photo by Eugene Richards of an Iraq War veteran from an extraordinary piece of work, which has never been published, called "War is Personal ." 这里有一张。 这是尤金·理查兹(Eugene Richards) 为一位伊战退伍老兵拍的。 这个非同寻常的作品从来没有发表,它叫做“战争是每个人的”。
veteran:n.老兵; adj.(尤指军事方面)老练的; extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; Personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
But images don't need to be graphic in order to remind us of the tragedy of war. 让我们想起战争残酷性的照片, 不一定都要如此“真实”。
tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;
John Moore set up this photo at Arlington cemetery . 约翰·摩尔(John Moore)在亚灵顿公墓拍了这张照片。
Arlington:n.阿林顿(美国马萨诸塞州一城市); cemetery:n.墓地;公墓;
After all the tense moments of conflict , in all the conflict zones of the world, there's one photograph from a much quieter place that haunts me still, much more than the others . 在世界上那么多冲突地区 发生了那么多紧张的冲突,暴动之后 这张来自世界上最安静角落的图片, 才是让我感到最不安的。
conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; others:其他人
Ansel Adams said, and I disagree with him, "You don't take a photograph, you make it." 安塞尔·亚当斯(Ansel Adams)说（但我不同意他的看法）, “人们从不拍照片,他们创作。”
In my view, it's not the photographer who makes the photo, it's you. 在我看来,创作的不是摄影师, 而是你们。
We bring to each image our own values, our own belief systems, and as a result of that, the image resonates with us. 我们把赋予每一张照片, 我们自己的价值观,自己的信念, 这样,我们和图片产生了共鸣。
as a result:结果; resonates:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振;
My company has 70 million images. 我的公司拥有七千万照片,
I have one image in my office. 我的办公室有一张。
Here it is. 就是它。
I hope that the next time you see an image that sparks something in you, you'll better understand why, and I know that, speaking to this audience, you'll definitely do something about it. 我希望下次你们看到一张 让你们产生灵感火花的照片时, 最好想想为什么。 我很清楚,我面前的这些听众, 你们肯定都会做些什么的。
sparks:n.(船或飞机上的)无线电通信师; definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
And thank you to all the photographers. 感谢所有的摄影师。
(Applause) （掌声）