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JonGosier_2014U-_“滴漏科技”的问题_
As a software developer and technologist , 作为软件开发者和技术专家,
technologist:n.技术专家;工艺学家;
I've worked on a number of civic technology projects over the years. 我在过去几年中参与了多个民用科技项目。
civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Civic tech is sometimes referred to as tech for good, using technology to solve humanitarian problems. 民用科技有时又被称为科技善举, 是使用科技手段来解决民生问题。
referred:v.提到;引用;认为;指示;涉及;(refer的过去式和过去分词) humanitarian:adj.人道主义的;博爱的;基督凡人论的;n.人道主义者;基督凡人论者;
This is in 2010 in Uganda , working on a solution that allowed local populations to avoid government surveillance on their mobile phones for expressing dissent . 这是2010年在乌干达, 我们帮当地民众解决 如何防止政府通过监控人们手机 来控制不同政见的问题。
Uganda:n.乌干达(非洲国家); solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; surveillance:n.监督;监视; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; expressing:v.表示;表达;表露;显而易见;(express的现在分词) dissent:vi.不同意;不信奉国教;n.异议;(大写)不信奉国教;
That same technology was deployed later in North Africa for similar purposes to help activists stay connected when governments were deliberately shutting off connectivity as a means of population control. 相同的技术后来在北非得以使用 也用于类似的目的,来帮助社会活动家保持联络 尤其是当政府以故意切断联络 来作为控制民众的手段。
deployed:v.部署(deploy的过去式);展开; deliberately:adv.故意地;谨慎地;慎重地; connectivity:n.[数]连通性;
But over the years, as I have thought about these technologies and the things that I work on, a question kind of nags in the back of my mind, which is, 而多年以来,我常常想到这些科技 以及我所做的这些事情, 有个问题一直让我耿耿于怀。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); nags:abbr.乙酰谷氨酸合成酶;
what if we're wrong about the virtues of technology, and if it sometimes actively hurts the communities that we're intending to help? 我们有没有可能高估了科技的好处, 会不会有些技术实际上伤害了 我们想去帮助的群体？
what if:如果…怎么办? virtues:n.优点,贞操;美德; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) intending:adj.预期的;未来的;v.打算;计划;想要(intend的现在分词)
The tech industry around the world tends to operate under similar assumptions that if we build great things, it will positively affect everyone. 全球的科技行业都惯于在这个假设下运营, 就是如果我们做出好的东西来, 它就会对每个人有积极的影响。
assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数) positively:adv.肯定地;明确地;断然地;
Eventually , these innovations will get out and find everyone. 这些创新最终会走进千家万户。
Eventually:adv.最后,终于; innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革;
But that's not always the case. 但其实并不一定如此。
I like to call this blind championing of technology " trickle-down techonomics," 我把这种盲目的拥护称作“滴漏科技”,
trickle-down:adj.[美国英语][经济学]利益扩散论的,间接流注论的,"滴入式"理论的;
to borrow a phrase. (Laughter) 借用一个说法。（笑声）
We tend to think that if we design things for the select few, eventually those technologies will reach everyone, and that's not always the case. 我们认为,如果我们为少数人设计产品, 最终这些技术会波及到所有人, 其实并不一定是这样的。
Technology and innovation behaves a lot like wealth and capital. 科技和创新很像财富和资本。
behaves:v.表现;表现得体;有礼貌;(behave的第三人称单数) wealth:n.财富;大量;富有;
They tend to consolidate in the hands of the few, and sometimes they find their way out into the hands of the many. 它们通常集聚在少数人手中, 有时可能普及到大众。
consolidate:vt.巩固,使固定;联合;vi.巩固,加强; in the hands of:由…掌握;在…掌握中;
And so most of you aren't tackling oppressive regimes on the weekends, so I wanted to think of a few examples that might be a little bit more relatable. 既然在座的大多不会在周末去推翻高压政府 我在这里举一些更相关的例子。
tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词); oppressive:adj.压迫的;沉重的;压制性的;难以忍受的; regimes:n.政治制度,政权,政体(regime的名词复数);
In the world of wearables and smartphones and apps, there's a big movement to track people's personal health with applications that track the number of calories that you burn or whether you're sitting too much or walking enough. 在这个充满智能手表、手机和应用软件的今天, 有一个大趋势是追踪人们的健康, 利用应用软件来记录你消耗了多少卡路里, 或是你是否坐的太久了,有没有走够路。
wearables:adj.可穿着的;n.衣服;(wearables是wearable的复数); smartphones:智能手机(smartphone的复数); track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; calories:n.[物]卡路里(热量单位,calorie的复数);
These technologies make patient intake in medical facilities much more efficient , and in turn, these medical facilities are starting to expect these types of efficiencies . 这种技术能帮助医疗机构更高效的用药, 而反过来,这些医疗机构 也开始预期这种效率。
patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; intake:n.摄取量;通风口;引入口;引入的量; facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数) efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; efficiencies:n.效率(efficiency的复数);
As these digital tools find their way into medical rooms, and they become digitally ready, what happens to the digitally invisible ? 随着这些数字工具进入医疗室, 这些机构也日益数字化。 那些无法实现数字化的怎么办？
digitally:adv.数位; invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物;
What does the medical experience look like for someone who doesn't have the $400 phone or watch tracking their every movement? 就医经历对于那些 买不起四百块钱的手机或手表的人来说会是怎样？ 他们怎么记录他们的一举一动呢？
tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
Do they now become a burden on the medical system? 他们会否成为医疗系统的累赘？
burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于;
Is their experience changed? 他们的经历会否改变呢？
In the world of finance , Bitcoin and crypto-currencies are revolutionizing the way we move money around the world, but the challenge with these technologies is the barrier to entry is incredibly high, right? 在金融界,比特币和加密货币 革新着货币流通的方式, 但这些技术面临的挑战 是它们准入的门槛极高,对不对？
finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; Bitcoin:比特币(电子货币的一种形式,是专为互联网交易而创造的货币); revolutionizing:vt.发动革命;彻底改革;宣传革命;vi.革命化;从事革命; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
You need access to the same phones, devices , connectivity, and even where you don't, where you can find a proxy agent , usually they require a certain amount of capital to participate . 你必须要有同款的手机,设备,连网能力, 或者你没有的话,你得有一个代理方, 通常他们也会收取一定的费用。
devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); proxy:n.代理人;委托书;代用品; agent:n.代理人,代理商;药剂;特工;v由…作中介;由…代理;adj.代理的; participate:v.参加;参与;
And so the question that I ask myself is, what happens to the last community using paper notes when the rest of the world moves to digital currency ? 所以我常问自己的问题是,最后一个用纸币的社会会怎样, 当余下的世界都转用电子货币以后？
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; currency:n.货币;通货;
Another example from my hometown in Philadelphia : 另一个例子来做我的家乡费城:
Philadelphia:n.费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市);
I recently went to the public library there, and they are facing an existential crisis . 我最近去了那儿的图书馆, 他们面临一个生死存亡的危机。
recently:adv.最近;新近; existential:adj.存在主义的;有关存在的;存在判断的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
Public funding is dwindling , they have to reduce their footprint to stay open and stay relevant , and so one of the ways they're going about this is digitizing a number of the books and moving them to the cloud. 政府拨款日益萎缩, 他们不得不以减少馆点来保证生存及不断更新, 其中的一个措施是 把一些书籍数字化,把它们储存到云端。
funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) dwindling:减少;变小;退化;使减少(dwindle的现在分词); footprint:n.足迹;脚印; relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的; digitizing:v.[计]数字化(digitize的ing形式);
This is great for most kids. Right? 这对大多数孩子来说是好事,对不对？
You can check out books from home, you can research on the way to school or from school, but these are really two big assumptions, that one, you have access at home, and two, that you have access to a mobile phone , and in Philadelphia, many kids do not. 你可以在家借书, 你可以在上学或放学路上查资料, 但是,这里面有两大假设, 第一,你在家能上网, 第二,你拥有一个手机, 而在费城,多数孩子两者都没有。
mobile phone:移动电话
So what does their education experience look like in the wake of a completely cloud-based library, what used to be considered such a basic part of education? 这样的话,他们的求学经历会是怎样, 在这样一个完全云端的图书馆体系下？ 尤其是图书馆一向被视为教育系统不可或缺的一部分。
in the wake of:紧紧跟随;随着…而来;作为…的结果;仿效;
How do they stay competitive ? 他们如何能保持竞争力？
competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的;
A final example from across the world in East Africa: there's been a huge movement to digitize land ownership rights, for a number of reasons. 最后一个例子来自世界另一端的东非: 一个大趋势是把土地所有权数字化, 这样做是基于各种原因。
digitize:vt.[计]数字化;
Migrant communities, older generations dying off, and ultimately poor record-keeping have led to conflicts over who owns what. 迁徙型的社会,年长的一代逐渐逝去, 以及糟糕的档案记录 使得各方对所有权各持己见。
Migrant:n.候鸟;移居者;随季节迁移的民工;adj.移居的;流浪的; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; record-keeping:n.记录; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
And so there was a big movement to put all this information online, to track all the ownership of these plots of land, put them in the cloud, and give them to the communities. 所以那里在推行把这些信息都放在网上, 记录这些土地的所有权, 然后存储在云端,并交还给社区。
plots:n.情节; v.划分;
But actually, the unintended consequence of this has been that venture capitalists , investors, real estate developers , have swooped in and they've begun buying up these plots of land right out from under these communities, because they have access to the technologies and the connectivity that makes that possible. 但实际上,这种做法计划外的产物是, 风险资本家,投资者,房地产开发商 都涌了进来,开始大量买地 从当地人手里把地都买了, 因为他们能接触到这个科技, 并且有能力上网。
unintended:adj.无意识的;非计划中的; consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论; venture:v.敢于;冒险;投机;n.企业;风险;冒险; capitalists:n.资本家(capitalist的复数); real estate:n.房地产;不动产; developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); swooped:vi.猛扑;突然袭击;突然下降;飞扑;n.猛扑;俯冲;突然袭击;vt.攫取;抓去;
So that's the common thread that connects these examples, the unintended consequences of the tools and the technologies that we make. 所有这些例子的共同点, 是我们创造的这些工具和科技的意外后果。
thread:n.螺纹;线索;思路;脉络;v.穿过;穿(针);纫(针);(使)穿过; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
As engineers, as technologists , we sometimes prefer efficiency over efficacy . 作为工程师和技术人员, 我们有时放弃功效而选择效率。
technologists:n.技术人员(technologist的复数);[劳经]技术专家; prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升; efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效; efficacy:n.功效,效力;
We think more about doing things than the outcomes of what we are doing. 我们想要做事情,却不考虑事情的结果。
outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
This needs to change. 这需要改变。
We have a responsibility to think about the outcomes of the technologies we build, especially as they increasingly control the world in which we live. 我们要对科技的后果负责, 特别是当科技越来越多的控制我们的生活。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
In the late '90s, there was a big push for ethics in the world of investment and banking. 在九十年代末的时候, 投资和银行界都在推进道德。
ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
I think in 2014, we're long overdue for a similar movement in the area of tech and technology. 我想在2014年,我们早也该有一个类似的推进运动 这回是在科技领域。
overdue:adj.过期的;迟到的;未兑的;
So, I just encourage you, as you are all thinking about the next big thing, as entrepreneurs , as CEOs, as engineers, as makers, that you think about the unintended consequences of the things that you're building, because the real innovation is in finding ways to include everyone. 所以,我鼓励你们,当你们在考虑下一个大手笔, 作为企业家,首席执行官,工程师,创造者, 请考虑一下计划外的后果 因为真正的创新是想办法造福每个人。
entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数)
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）