返回首页

JoiaMukherjee_2020-_如何在美国迅速扩大接触者追踪的规模_-
Chris Anderson: Joia, both you and Partners In Health have spent decades in various battlegrounds , battling epidemics . 克里斯·安德森: 乔亚, 在过去的数十年中, 你和健康伙伴（Partners In Health） 一直在与不同的传染病作斗争。
Perhaps, for context , you could give us a couple examples of that work. 能不能给我们举几个 你们在这方面工作的例子？
Joia Mukherjee: Yeah, so Partners In Health is a global nonprofit that is more than 30 years old. 乔亚·穆克吉: 好的。健康伙伴 是一个全球非盈利组织, 已有三十多年的历史。
battlegrounds:n.战场(battleground的复数形式); epidemics:n.流行病;蔓延(epidemic的复数);时疫; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的;
We started famously in Haiti in a squatter settlement , people who were displaced . 一切都是从海地的 一个棚户区开始的, 那里的人们常年流离失所。
And when we talked to them, they wanted health care and education, houses, jobs. 在与他们的谈话中我们了解到, 他们希望获得医疗、教育、 住房和工作。
And that has informed our work, that proximity to people who are suffering. 这就明确了我们的工作目标, 援助那些正在经历苦难的人们。
famously:adv.著名地;极好地; Haiti:n.海地; squatter:n.蹲着的人;vi.涉水而过; settlement:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点; displaced:v.取代;替代;置换;迫使(某人)离开家园;转移;(displace的过去式和过去分词) health care:n.卫生保健; informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式) proximity:n.接近,[数]邻近;接近;接近度,距离;亲近;
When you think about health care and the poor, there is always disproportionate suffering for people who have been historically marginalized , like our communities that we serve in Haiti. 当你想到医疗保障 和那些生活窘迫的人, 那些在历史上被边缘化的人 所遭受的痛苦总是不成比例的, 就像我们服务的海地社区。
And so we've always tried to provide health care for the poorest people on earth. 因此,我们一直在努力 为全球最贫困的人 提供医疗服务。
And we were launched into an international dialogue about whether that was possible for drug-resistant tuberculosis , for HIV . 于是我们围绕着是否可能 在抗药性结核病、艾滋病、 手术、癌症、
disproportionate:adj.不成比例的;不成比例地; historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说; marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) drug-resistant:adj.耐药的;抗药性的; tuberculosis:n.肺结核;结核病; HIV:n.艾滋病病毒;
Indeed, for surgery , for cancer , for mental health, for noncommunicable diseases . 心理健康和 非传染性疾病等领域提供援助 进行了全球性的对话。
And we believe it's possible, and it is part of the basic human right to care. 我们相信这是可能的, 而且这是基本人权的一部分。
So when COVID started, we saw this immediately as a threat to the health of people who were the poorest. 当新冠病毒开始传播时, 我们立即意识到 这会严重危险最贫困群体的生命健康。
surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; noncommunicable:adj.不会传染的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; human right:n.人权;
And Partners In Health now works in 11 countries, five on the African continent , 现在健康伙伴 跟 11 个国家展开了合作, 其中 5 个在非洲大陆、
Latin America and the Caribbean , as well as the former Soviet Union. 拉丁美洲和加勒比地区, 以及前苏联。
And we immediately prepared to scale up testing, contact tracing , treatment , care, and then saw that it wasn't being done in the United States in that way. 我们立即准备扩大测试规模, 进行接触者追踪,治疗和护理, 然后我们看到,在美国, 人们并不是这样做的。
continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的; Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区); Caribbean:adj.加勒比海的;加勒比人的;加勒比语的;n.加勒比海; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; tracing:n.描图;v.查出;找到;追踪;追究;描绘;记述;(trace的现在分词) treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
And in fact, we were just sitting, passively waiting for people to get sick and treat them in hospital. 实际上,我们几乎是在坐以待毙, 被动的等待人们生病, 然后在医院里为他们提供治疗。
And that message got to the governor of Massachusetts, and we started supporting the state to do contact tracing for COVID, with the very idea that this would help us identify and resource the communities that were most vulnerable . 在马萨诸塞州州长 知晓了我们的工作后, 我们开始支持该州 对新冠病毒开展接触者追踪, 认为这样做可以帮助我们 寻找并分配资源 给那些最脆弱的社区。
passively:adv.被动地;顺从地; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备); vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
CA: So it's really quite ironic that these decades of experience in the developing world and elsewhere , that that has now really been seen as a crucial need to bring to the US. 克里斯·安德森:很讽刺的是, 这几十年来在发展中国家和其他地方 积累的经验, 现在看来很有必要引入美国。
And especially to bring your expertise around contact tracing. 更重要的是,需要运用你们在 接触者追踪方面的经验。
So, talk a bit about contact tracing, why does it matter so much, and what would, I don't know, a perfect contact tracing setup look like? 下面来谈谈接触者追踪吧, 为什么这个概念如此重要？ 一个完美的接触者追踪流程 大概是什么样子？
ironic:adj.讽刺的;反话的; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见;
JM: Well, first I want to say that you want to, always, in any type of illness, you want to do prevention , and diagnosis and treatment and care. 乔亚·穆克吉: 首先我想说的是, 对于任何类型的疾病, 我们总是希望能够做到预防、 诊断、治疗和关爱。
That is what comprehensive approaches look like, and that "care" piece, to us, is about the provision of social support and material support to allow people to get the care they need. 这就是综合方法的流程, 而那个“护理”的部分, 对我们来说, 就是提供社会和物质上的支持, 以便让人们得到 他们所需要的关爱——
prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍; diagnosis:n.诊断; comprehensive:adj.综合的;广泛的;有理解力的;n.综合学校;专业综合测验; approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度; provision:n.规定;条款;准备;[经]供应品;vt.供给…食物及必需品;
So that might be transportation , it might be food. 这可能是交通,也可能是食物。
So when you look at that comprehensive approach, for an infectious disease, part of prevention is knowing where the disease is spreading and how it's spreading and in whom it's spreading, so that resources can be disproportionately put to the highest-risk areas. 因此,当你考虑到这种综合方法, 对于一种传染病, 预防的一部分就是 知道疾病在哪里传播, 以及它如何传播, 在什么人群中传播, 这样资源就可以更多的 被分配到高风险地区。
transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; infectious:adj.传染的;传染性的;易传染的; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); disproportionately:adv.不成比例地;
So contact tracing is a staple of public health and what it means is that every time a new person is diagnosed with COVID or any infectious disease, then you investigate and innumerate the people they've been in contacts with, and call those contacts and say, "You've been exposed ," 因此,接触者追踪是 公共卫生最主要的内容, 这就意味着每次诊断出一个 患有冠状病毒或任何传染病的新病人, 就需要去调查并且找到 与他们接触过的人, 并打电话给那些接触者说,
or talk to them, "You've been exposed, these are the things you need to know. “你被感染的风险比较大。 你需要了解这样一些信息。
First of all , how are you? 首先,你现在怎么样？
Do you need care yourself?" 你需要医疗帮助吗？”
And facilitating that. 然后提供必要的援助。[04:06]
staple:n.主要产品; adj.主要的,常用的; v.把…分级; diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式) investigate:v.调查;研究;审查; innumerate:adj.不会数数的;不会计算的;不懂算术的; contacts:v.联系,联络;(contact的第三人称单数) exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式) First of all:adv.首先; facilitating:v.促进;促使;使便利;(facilitate的现在分词)
'"Second of all, these are the information you need to know to keep yourself safe. ”第二,这些是 你需要了解的
About quarantine , about prevention." 关于隔离和预防的信息。“
And again, this would be with any infectious disease, from Ebola , to cholera , to a sexually transmitted disease like HIV. 再说一次,这适用于任何传染病, 从埃博拉病毒到霍乱, 再到性传播疾病,如艾滋病。
And then we say, "OK, knowing what you know, do you have the means to protect yourself?" 然后我们说, “好,了解了这些信息之后, 你有办法保护自己吗？”
quarantine:vt.检疫;隔离;使隔离;n.检疫;隔离;检疫期;封锁;vi.实行隔离; Ebola:n.埃博拉病毒; cholera:n.[内科]霍乱; sexually transmitted disease:n.性传播疾病;
Because often the most vulnerable do not have the means to protect themselves. 因为通常最弱势的群体 没有办法保护好自己。
So that is also where this resource component comes in and where equity is so critical to making this disease stop and also getting the information and the resources to people who need them the most. 因此,这也是需要资源合理分配的地方, 更是平等在阻止疾病传播、 同时将信息和资源提供给 最需要他们的人群方面 起到了重要作用的地方。
CA: And in a pandemic , the people who need them the most, the most vulnerable, as you say, are probably also -- 克里斯·安德森:在全球性的流行病中, 那些最需要帮助的人, 按你的说法,那些最脆弱的群体 也可能正是
That's where the disease is spreading a lot. 疾病快速蔓延的地方。
component:n.成分;部件;组成部分;adj.构成的; equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病;
It's in everyone's interest to do this. 这样做符合每个人的利益。
You're not just making this sort of, wonderful, equity moral point that we've got to help these people. 你提出的不只是一个关于 我们应该帮助这些人的 美好的、公平的道德观点。
It's actually in all of our interest, right? 实际上,这符合所有人的利益,对吧？
JM: Yes. 乔亚·穆克吉:对。
Yes, we are one humanity , and any disease, any infectious disease that is spreading is a threat to all of us. 是的,我们人类是一个整体, 任何正在传播的传染病, 都是对我们所有人的威胁。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
And that is one of the pieces, there's the moral imperative , there is the epidemiologic imperative , that if you can't control these diseases everywhere, that it's a threat anywhere. 这是其中的一部分, 有道德上的一部分, 也有流行病学上的一部分, 如果你无法在所有地方 控制这些疾病, 那么它就会威胁到任何地方。
And so as we look to the kind of society we want to live in, good health is something that gives us all so much return on our investment . 因此,当我们着眼于 构建理想社会时, 良好的公民健康则是 对投资最丰厚的回报。
CA: Now, some countries were able to use contact tracing almost to shut down the pandemic before it took off in that country. 克里斯·安德森: 有些国家能够通过接触者追踪, 在传染病大规模爆发之前 就基本将其切断。
imperative:adj.重要紧急的; n.重要紧急的事; epidemiologic:adj.流行病学(的); investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
The US was unable to do that, and some people have taken the view that therefore, contact tracing became irrelevant , that the strategy was mitigation , shut everything down. 美国却无法做到这一点, 因此,有些人觉得 接触者追踪无关紧要, 正确的策略是 通过封城来缓解疫情传播。
You've argued against that, that even in a process of lockdown that actually contact tracing plays a key role. 对此,你提出了反对的意见, 即使在全面封锁时期, 接触者追踪依然扮演着 重要的角色。
Help us understand the scale, when there's a lot of cases, the scale of tracing, both cases and everyone they may have been in contact with and their contacts. 能不能描述一下, 当出现很多病例的时候 接触者追踪应该达到的规模, 包括确诊患者以及 他们可能接触的每个人, 和这些人的接触者。
irrelevant:adj.不相干的;不切题的; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; mitigation:n.减轻;缓和;平静; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; lockdown:n.一级防范禁闭(期);
It quickly gets to a huge problem. 这很快就会成为一个很大的问题。
JM: It's massive . 乔亚·穆克吉:规模十分庞大。
CA: What sort of workforce do you need to make a difference at this moment, where the US is at? 克里斯·安德森:在美国当前所处的阶段, 你觉得需要采取哪些行动 才能产生实质性的效果？
JM: It's massive. 乔亚·穆克吉:疫情扩散的规模
I mean, the scale is massive, and we should not take that lightly . 非常庞大, 我们不应该掉以轻心。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工; make a difference:有影响,有关系; lightly:adv.轻轻地;轻松地;容易地;不费力地;
And we don't, at Partners In Health. 健康伙伴始终 非常严肃的对待这次疫情。
I mean, we are willing to try to figure this out, and I always feel that if we could stop Ebola in some of the poorest countries in the world, of course we ought to do it here, and was it too late when there were 28,000 deaths in Ebola? 我们愿意尝试解决这个问题, 我总觉得,既然我们能 阻止埃博拉病毒 在世界上一些最贫困的国家传播, 我们当然应该也能在这里做到, 在埃博拉造成了 28000 人死亡时, 是否为时已晚了呢？
Sure, it's always too late. 当然,我们采取行动总是太晚。
We should have started earlier, but it's not too late to have an impact . 我们应该开始得更早, 但亡羊补牢,未为迟也。
And so there's three aspects of timing and scale. 那么,时间和规模 涉及到了三个方面。
First is, the earlier you start, the better, right? 首先,开始得越早 就越好,对吧？
And that's what we saw in Rwanda. 这也是我们在卢旺达所看到的。
They went from early testing and contact tracing, the first two cases entered into the country on March 15, and in one month, because of contact tracing, isolation and plenty of testing, they had held that case rate to 134 people. 他们从早期测试和接触者追踪开始, 这个国家的最早两个病例是在 3 月 15 号被发现的, 并在接下来的一个月里 通过接触者追踪、 隔离和大量的测试, 他们把确诊病例控制在了 134 人。[07:19]
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数);
It's remarkable , it's remarkable. 这很了不起,非常了不起。
In the state of Georgia, where is home to the CDC, similar population size, about 12 million, from the first two cases in the first month, those cases became 4,400 cases. 在佐治亚州, 美国疾控中心（CDC）的所在地, 相近的人口规模,大约 1200 万人, 从第一个月的两例, 变成了 4400 例。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
And in the country of Belgium, a similar population, those two cases became 7,400. 同样的,在比利时, 相近的人口规模, 最初的两例很快变成了 7400 例。
So you do have to make scale to stop this. 因此,你必须扩大检测规模 来阻止这种情况。
But the earlier you do it, the more benefits there are to your society and also to the other people who need medical services -- women who are pregnant , people who need their fracture repaired, because services themselves in the United States have been, you know, really hampered by this huge amount of COVID. 但是你行动得越早, 对社会就越有利, 包括需要其他医疗服务的人—— 孕妇、 需要治疗骨折的人, 因为美国的医疗服务本身 在这次新冠肺炎疫情中 也收到了的严重影响。
So the first point is, it's always late, but it's never too late. 所以第一点就是, 总是会晚,但永远不会太晚。
Why? 为什么？
Because vulnerable populations are sitting ducks, and so imagine if one of your contacts was a nursing assistant who worked in a nursing home . 因为弱势群体只能坐以待毙, 试想一下,如果你的接触者之一 是一家疗养院的 护理助理。
pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的; fracture:n.(指事实)骨折;(指状态)断裂;破裂;v.(使)断裂;破裂;(使)分裂; hampered:adj.受阻碍的;v.阻碍(hamper的过去分词);限制; nursing home:养老院;
We know that one nursing assistant can spread it throughout a nursing home. 我们知道一个护理助理可以 将疾病传播到整个疗养院。
And is it important to identify that person as a contact and assure that he or she is able to remain quarantined ? 确认该人是否为接触者, 并确保他或她能保持隔离, 很重要吗？
That is critical. 当然是很关键的。
And so it's hard to say, "Well, it's not worth it if it's just one person, two persons." 所以很难下结论说, “如果只是一两个人的话, 是不值得采取什么行动的。”
throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; assure:vt.保证;担保;使确信;弄清楚; quarantined:检疫;隔离;
Every life matters, and all of their contacts in the community of that person matters as well. 每个生命都很宝贵, 这个社区中与这个人接触的 所有人的生命也同样宝贵。
So that's one thing. 所以这是第一点。
The second about scale is people need jobs right now. 第二个与规模有关的问题是, 人们现在需要工作。
And they want to be part of a solution , and some of the frustration we see, the antilockdown movement, is really out of anger and frustration and feeling, "What can we do?" 他们想成为解决方案的一部分, 我们现在看到了 一些令人不安的现象, 比如反封城运动, 都是真正出于愤怒、沮丧, 和“我们能做什么？”的想法。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; frustration:n.挫折;
And so this gives people this feeling that they're part of a solution and can provide thousands of jobs. 因此,接触者追踪能够让人们感觉 自己是解决方案的一部分, 并且可以提供大量的工作。
And then third, I would say, for us to reopen our schools, our churches, our workplaces , we have to know where the virus is spreading so that we don't just continue on this path. 第三点我想说的是, 如果要让我们重新开放学校、 教堂和工作场所, 我们就必须知道病毒在哪里传播, 以便我们不再继续走这条路。
And so contact tracing provides the platform to control, but also to see outbreaks in real time popping up, and then respond promptly . 因此,接触者追踪提供了控制平台, 而且还可以实时观测到爆发的疫情, 并及时做出响应。
So there are many reasons that we have to bring this to scale now. 因此,有很多我们现在 必须扩大规模的理由,
reopen:v.重新开业;重新处理;恢复; workplaces:n.[管理]工作场所(workplace的复数); platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; outbreaks:n.(战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;vi.爆发; real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; promptly:adv.迅速地;立即地;敏捷地;
Even though it is tardy . 即使已经迟了。
CA: So especially as we have this pressure to go back to work, like, contact tracing has to be part of that strategy, or we're just inviting another disaster in a few weeks' time. 克里斯·安德森:那么特别是 当我们有复工的压力, 接触者追踪必须是 该策略的一部分, 否则我们就只能在几周的时间内 等待另一场灾难的发生,
tardy:adj.缓慢的,迟缓的;迟到的;n.迟到; disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸;
Whatever you make of what's happened during this mitigation process. 无论你如何处理 疫情缓解过程中发生的事情。
JM: Exactly, exactly. 乔亚·穆克吉: 完全正确。
Exactly, and so that's such an important part, Chris, and something that we are just really keen to look at the United States in a different way. 没错,所以这是 非常重要的一部分,克里斯, 而且我们很渴望 以另一种方式来看待美国。
What are the long-term public health infrastructures that we need to protect us for the second wave, the third wave and in the future, for future pandemics ? 有哪些长期公共卫生基础设施 可以在第二波、第三波, 以及未来的流行病中 保护我们？
CA: Whitney. 克里斯·安德森: 惠特尼。
keen:adj.敏锐的,敏捷的;渴望的;强烈的;热心的;锐利的;n.痛哭,挽歌; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; infrastructures:n.[建]基础设施;下部构造;基本建设(infrastructure的复数); pandemics:大流行;流行病;
Whitney Pennington Rodgers: You know, to that point, there is a question out there from one of our anonymous community members, about why contact tracing isn't already part of our public health system. 惠特尼·彭宁顿·罗杰斯: 针对这一点, 我们社区的一个匿名者 提出了一个问题, 关于为什么接触者追踪尚未成为 我们公共卫生系统的一部分。
It seems like it does make a lot of sense its a way to mitigate the spread of disease. 这看起来确实很有道理, 这是减缓疾病传播的一种方式。
Could you speak a little bit to that? 你可以简单分析一下吗？
JM: I think many people have said -- and I am not a politician -- that our American health care infrastructure is built on treatment and not prevention. 乔亚·穆克吉: 我想很多人都说过—— 当然我不是一个政客—— 我们美国的医疗保健基础设施 是建立在治疗而非预防之上的。
anonymous:adj.匿名的,无名的;无个性特征的; mitigate:vt.使缓和,使减轻;vi.减轻,缓和下来; politician:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;
It's built on procedures and not keeping people well. 它是建立在严格的程序之上, 而不是保持人们的健康。
And some of that was driven by profit, and some of that was driven by need, but I think we need to rethink how we deliver care in this environment. 有一部分是被利润所驱动, 还有一部分是被需求驱动的, 但我认为我们应该重新考虑 在这种环境下如何提供护理。
procedures:n.程序;规程(procedure的复数); rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法;
WPR: "There is some fear and suspicion about privacy and contact tracing. 惠特尼:下一个问题,“人们对于隐私和 接触者追踪还存在一些恐惧和怀疑。
How can we build trust in the process?" 我们如何在这个过程中建立信任？”
JM: Yeah, that's a great question, and I think there's fear about privacy and part of it comes from the idea of what contact tracing is. 乔亚·穆克吉: 这是一个很好的问题, 我认为对隐私的担心, 部分来源于对接触者追踪的认知。
suspicion:n.怀疑;嫌疑;疑心;一点儿;v.怀疑; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
And I think that's why we feel strongly, is if you lead with the idea that it's care and it's trying to get resources and information and help to people, it seems very different than just, oh, who's sick, and who's a threat. 这就是为什么我们很强烈的认为, 如果你首先认为这是护理, 并且这是在努力获得资源和信息 来帮助人们, 这个问题 与单纯思考谁生病了, 谁又是威胁的情况就截然不同了。
And so fundamentally -- and that's why we're so pleased to be at this TED talk today -- is it's about communication, right? 所以,从根本上讲—— 这也是为什么我们今天非常高兴 能够参加 TED 的原因—— 接触者追踪与交流,好吗？
It's not about surveillance , it's about communication and care and support. 这不是监视, 而是沟通、关怀与支持。
different than:不同于; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地 surveillance:n.监督;监视;
That's one thing. 这是一回事。
And we'll be hearing from our colleagues on the tech side. 我们会听取技术方面的 同事的建议。
There's ways to add tech, even to care, that it can be a resource for caring and communication. 我们甚至有办法将技术与护理融合, 打造一种关怀和沟通的资源。
But there are ways to protect people's privacy and also to provide care, and public health has many laws attached to it. 但是也有办法 在保护人们隐私基础上 同时提供护理, 公共卫生领域有很多相关的法律。
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式)
This is all done within the constructs of our state public health laws. 这些都是在我们州公共卫生法的 框架内完成的。
And so I think some of the communication around this is, how do we take care of each other, how do we take care of the most vulnerable. 所以我认为围绕这件事进行的讨论 应该着眼于我们怎样去照顾好对方, 怎样去照顾那些最脆弱的人。
And if we frame contact tracing as care, 如果我们把接触者追踪定义为护理,
constructs:n.构念(construct的复数);建筑物;构图;v.设计(construct的三单形式);建造; frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的;
I think that starts a different kind of conversation. 我认为这会开启另一种对话。
CA: Mm. 克里斯·安德森:嗯。
So, Joia, can you just talk in a bit more detail about what it is that you are advising Massachusetts to do in terms of contact tracing. 那么乔亚, 你能更详细的介绍一下 你为马萨诸塞州 在接触者追踪上提供的建议吗？
Give us a sense of the scale of it. 主要是规模方面。
JM: Yeah, so the scale -- thank you. 乔亚·穆克吉:好的, 说到规模——谢谢。
You know, we are able now to make about 10,000 calls a day to contacts. 我们现在已经能够 一天打 1 万个电话 给那些接触者。
So every new case that comes in, the case is investigated by someone on the phone, and then those investigations means writing down the names and the phone numbers of the persons 因此,每出现一个新病例, 都会有人进行电话调查, 这些调查的主要目的就是 记录下那些 在你生病时和生病之前[13:32]
advising:v.劝告;忠告;建议;通知;(advise的现在分词) investigated:v.侦查;调查;研究;(investigate的过去分词和过去式) investigations:n.调查(investigation的复数);
you've been in contact with for the time you were sick and a couple days before. 接触的人的 名字和电话号码。
And with those numbers then, the contact tracers -- 有了这些号码,接触追踪者——
And that's what we really redoubled the workforce and really expanded , more than doubled, to support the department of public health to do that contact tracing. 这就是为什么我们的员工人数 增加了一倍以上—— 来支持公共卫生部门 进行接触者追踪。
So we have 1,700 people employed full time , with benefits, to call those contacts and say, "Are you OK? 我们有 1700 名全职、 享有福利的员工, 负责给那些接触者打电话,询问: “你们还好吗？
tracers:n.追踪;路径;机炮轨迹;切换追踪器资讯(tracer的复数); redoubled:vt.再加倍;把…再折叠;循著…折回;vi.加倍;回响;急速折回;n.再加倍; expanded:adj.扩充的;展开的;vt.扩大(expand的过去式); employed:v.雇用:应用:运用:使用(employ的过去分词和过去式) full time:adj.专职的;全日制的;全部时间的;
This is the information you need," 这是你们所需要的信息。”
and then, and I think this is the critical piece, when someone doesn't have the information, then we have another cadre of people we call the resource care coordinators , who help that person, that contact, to do the things they need to do to protect themselves. 接下来就是至关重要的步骤, 当有人没有这方面信息的时候, 我们有另一群被称为 资源服务协调员的人, 去帮助那个人,那个接触者, 做需要保护自己的事情。
It might be food delivery , it might be filing for unemployment benefits, it might be trying to get them medical care or a test. 可能是送餐, 可能是申请失业救济金, 也可能是帮他们得到医疗和检测。
That piece is the care piece. 这就是护理的部分。
And that is what turns social distancing from very regressive -- look at me in my beautiful house, social distancing -- to something that's progressive and paying attention to those who need the resources. 这就是将被动的保持社交距离—— 比如我正在我漂亮额房子里隔离—— 转变成主动的行为, 去关注那些需要资源的人。
cadre:n.干部;基础结构;骨骼; coordinators:n.协调者;同等的人或物(coordinator的复数形式); delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; regressive:adj.回归的;后退的;退化的; progressive:adj.进步的;先进的;开明的;稳步的;n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派;
So the scale is massive, with 1,700 employees hired to do this, but they are connected with local community food banks and churches and facilities and primary health care centers as well. 所以这种规模十分庞大, 我们雇佣了 1700 名员工来完成, 他们与 当地社区的食品银行、 教堂、各种机构 以及初级医疗中心 都建立了密切的联系。
CA: Thank you so much, Joia. 克里斯·安德森: 非常感谢,乔亚。
facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数)