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JohnGerzema_2009X-_危机后的消费者_
13 trillion dollars in wealth has evaporated over the course of the last two years. 13万亿的财富 在过去的两年间里蒸发殆尽。
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; evaporated:adj.浓缩的;脱水的;蒸发干燥的;v.蒸发;消失(evaporate的过去式);失去水分;
We've questioned the future of capitalism . 我们质疑过资本主义的未来。
capitalism:n.资本主义;
We've questioned the financial industry. 我们也对金融业产生过怀疑。
financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
We've looked at our government oversight . 我们检视我们的政府的疏忽。
oversight:n.疏忽;忽略;失察;负责;照管;
We've questioned where we're going. 我们对未来的方向感到迷茫。
And yet, at the same time , this very well may be a seminal moment in American history, an opportunity for the consumer to actually take control and guide us to a new trajectory in America. 然而,与此同时,危机的到来不仅仅意味着 美国正处在历史上的关键时刻, 对消费者而言,更是一种机遇。 他们能够真正的掌握主动权, 并且带领我们进入一个新的发展轨道。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; seminal:adj.种子的;精液的;生殖的; consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; trajectory:n.[物]轨道,轨线;[航][军]弹道;
I'm calling this The Great Unwind . 我们把它称之为一场“大松绑“。
Unwind:vt.放松;解开;[计]展开;vi.放松;解开;松开;
And the idea is a simple, simple idea, which is the fact that the consumer has moved from a state of anxiety to action. 其实这本身是一个非常简单的理念, 它描述了这样一个事实, 即消费者正从过去焦虑不安的状态向付诸行动逐渐发生转变。
anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事;
Consumers who represent 72 percent of the GDP of America have actually started, just like banks, and just like businesses, to de-leverage, to unwind their leverage , in daily life, to remove themselves from the liability and risk that presents itself as we move forward. 占美国国内生产总值72%的消费群体 事实上已经开始行动了, 正如银行和企业 所采取的一系列“去杠杆化”措施, 在日常生活中,消费者们 让自己从负债和风险中解脱出来, 继续前行。
Consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送; leverage:n.影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效力;v.举债经营;借贷收购; liability:n.责任;债务;倾向;可能性;不利因素;
So, to understand this, and I'm going to stress this, it's not about the consumer being in retreat . 因此,为了便于理解,我想要强调, 消费者们并没有退缩,
retreat:v.撤退;退却;后退;退缩;n.撤退;退却;退缩;退避;
The consumer is empowered . 他们被赋予了权力。
empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式)
In order to understand this, we're going to step back and look a little bit at what's happened over the course of the last year and a half. 为了更清楚的阐明我的观点,让我们往回走 看看过去的一年半时间里发生了什么。
So, if you've been gone, this is the easy CliffsNotes on what's happened in the economy . Okay? 如果你也同样经历了这一切的话, 我下面将要讲述的便是最简单的摘要。可以吗？
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Unemployment up. Housing values down. Equity markets down. 失业率~上升,房产价格~下降,资本市场~猛跌
Unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; Equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值;
Commodity prices are like this. 商品价格这样变化。
Commodity:n.商品,货物;日用品;
If you're a mom trying to manage a budget , and oil was 150 dollars a barrel last summer, and it's somewhere between 50 and 70, do you plan vacations? How do you buy? 如果你是你个负责预算的母亲, 去年夏天的汽油价格是每桶150美元, 而现在则是介于50到70美元之间, 你还打算去度假吗？你会怎样买？
budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; barrel:n.桶;枪管;一桶(的量);v.飞驰;
What is your strategy in your household ? 你的家庭策略是什么？
strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的;
Will the bailout work? We have national debt , Detroit , currency valuations , healthcare , all these issues facing us. 政府援助会起作用吗？我们面临的问题有国债,底特律, 货币估价,医疗保健等等。
bailout:n.紧急救助;跳伞; national debt:n.国债; Detroit:n.底特律(美国一座城市); currency:n.货币;通货; valuations:[经管]估价;定价(valuation的复数); healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
You put them all together, you mix them up in a bouillabaisse , and you have consumer confidence that's basically a ticking time-bomb . 你把他们放在一起,混合成一碗法式鱼肉汤。 另外,你还拥有消费者信心,而它基本就是一个滴答作响的定时炸弹。
bouillabaisse:n.浓味鱼肉汤;法式海产什烩; confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; time-bomb:定时炸弹;
In fact, let's go back and look at what caused this crisis , because the consumer, all of us, in our daily lives, actually contributed a large part to the problem. 其实我们应该回头看看是什么导致了这场危机; 因为,在日常生活中,所有消费者 实际上都极大程度上促成了这一问题的产生。
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; contributed:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物); (contribute的过去式和过去分词)
This is something I call the 50-20 paradox . 这就是我称之为 50/20悖论 的东西。
paradox:n.悖论,反论;似非而是的论点;自相矛盾的人或事;
It took us 50 years to reach annual savings ratings of almost 10 percent. 50 years. 我们花费了50年 来达到年储蓄率接近10%的水平。 50年。
annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数) ratings:n.评级;等级(rating的复数形式);
Do you know what this was right here? 你知道这个地方是啥时候吗？
This was World War II. Do you know why savings was so high? 这儿是二战期间。你知道为什么储蓄如此高吗？
There was nothing to buy, unless you wanted to buy some rivets . Right? 因为没有任何东西可以买,除非你想买铆钉。对吗？
rivets:n.[机]铆钉;宽头锚钉(rivet的复数形式);
So, what happened though, over the course of the last 20 years -- we went from a 10 percent savings rate to a negative savings rate. 那么,过去20年发生了什么 使得储蓄率从10%下降到负值？
negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
Because we binged . We bought extra-large cars, supersized everything, we bought remedies for restless leg syndrome . 因为我们大肆享受:我们买超大的汽车, 一切超大型的东西;我们似乎得了坐立不安综合症并为之买单。
binged:n.堆;材料堆;微软公司的搜索引擎产品; supersized:adj.超大型的; remedies:n.处理方法; v.改正; (remedy的第三人称单数和复数) restless:adj.焦躁不安的;不安宁的;得不到满足的; syndrome:n.[临床]综合征;综合症状;并发症状;校验子;并发位;
All these things together basically created a factor where the consumer sort of drove us headlong into the crisis that we face today. 所有这些加一起,大体上就是 导致消费者进入危机的原因, 我们如此仓促,手足无措。
factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入; headlong:adj.轻率的;头向前的;匆促而用力的;adv.头向前地;猛然用力地;
The personal debt-to-income ratio basically went from 65 percent to 135 percent in the span of about 15 years. 在过去大概15年的区间内, 个人负债与收入比率 大体上从65%增长到135%。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; ratio:n.比率;比例;v.用比例方式表达;求出…的比值;使…成比例; span:n.持续时间; v.持续;
So consumers got overleveraged. 于是消费者们过度杠杆化了,
And of course our banks did as well, as did our federal government. 当然我们的银行和联邦政府也是如此。
federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地;
This is an absolutely staggering chart. 这是一副十足惊人的图表,
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; staggering:adj.惊人的; v.蹒跚; (stagger的现在分词)
It shows leverage, trended out from 1919 to 2009. 它展示了从1919到2009年间杠杆的变化趋势。
trended:n.趋势,倾向;走向;vi.趋向,伸向;vt.使…趋向;
And what you end up seeing is the whole phenomenon of the fact that we are actually stepping forth and basically leveraging future education, future children in our households . 你在最后面看到的是一整个现象, 那就是,我们实际上在举债, 我们在提前透支 未来教育及未来孩子们的花费。
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); leveraging:v.利用贷款进行投机;(leverage的现在分词) households:n.家庭;拆迁户;家户(household的复数);
So if you look at this in the context of visualizing the bailout, 如果你在政府救援背景下想想这个问题,
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; visualizing:v.使形象化;想象;构思;设想;(visualize的现在分词)
What you can see is if you stack up dollar bills, first of all , 360,000 dollars is about the size of a five-foot-four guy. 你将看到的是,如果一个人堆积美元钞票, 首先是360,000美元 -大致相当于一个5.4英寸人的高度
stack:n.堆栈;一摞;大量;许多;v.(使)放成整齐的一叠(或一摞,一堆); first of all:adv.首先;
But if you stack it up, you just see this amazing, staggering amount of dollars that have been put into the system to fund and bail us out. 但是,如果将钱堆积起来,你看到的仅仅是 数量惊人的美元被投入（金融）系统 以资助和援救我们。
fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助;
So this is the first 315 billion. 这就是最初的3150亿美元。
But I read this fact, the other day , that one trillion seconds equals 32 thousand years, so if you think about that, the context, the casualness with which we talk about trillion-dollar bailout here, and trillion there, we are stacking ourselves up for long-term leverage. 前不久,我看到这样一个事实: 一万亿秒相当于32000年。 你想想这种情形: 我们在多么轻松地谈论金钱,这儿一万亿,那儿一万亿。 我们在堆积一个长期的杠杆。
the other day:不久前某一天;几天以前; casualness:n.偶然;漫不经心;随便; stacking:n.[交]堆垛;v.堆叠,堆积(stack的现在分词); long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
However, consumers have moved. 但是,消费者开始行动了,
They are taking responsibility. 他们在承担责任。
What we're seeing is an uptake in the savings rate. 我们开到储蓄率在提高
uptake:n.摄取;领会;举起;
In fact, 11 straight months of savings have happened since the beginning of the crisis. 事实上,自从危机发生以来 已经有连续11个月的储蓄。
We are working our way back up to that 10 percent. 我们正朝着恢复储蓄率到10%的方向前进。
Also, remarkably , in the fourth quarter, spending dropped to its lowest level in 62 years, almost a 3.7 percent decline . 另外值得注意的是 第四季度的花费降到62年来的最低点, 几乎下降了3.7%。
remarkably:adv.非常;极为;格外;出乎意料地 decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降;
Visa now reports that more people are using debit cards than they're using credit cards. 维萨公司（Visa）报告说,相比信用卡而言 更多的人在使用借记卡。
Visa:n.签证;vt.签发签证; debit:v.记入借方,登入借方;n.借方;
So we're starting to pay for things with money that we have. 我们开始用手头的钱买东西,
And we're starting to be much more careful about how we save and how we invest . 我们开始谨小慎微地对待, 存款和投资。
invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予;
But that's not really the whole story. 但那并不是整个故事,
Because this has also been a dramatic time of transformation . 因为这种转变所花的时间也是相当长的,
dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
And you've got to admit, over the course of the last year and a half, consumers have been doing some pretty weird things. 你不得不承认,在过去一年半中 消费者们做了些十分奇怪的事情,
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神;
It's been pretty staggering, what we've lived through. 我们所经历的真的很奇怪。
If you take into account 80 percent of all Americans were born after World War II, this is essentially our Depression . 如果大家考虑到 80%的美国人出生在二战以后, 这就绝对是属于我们的大萧条。
take into account:考虑;重视;体谅; essentially:adv.本质上;本来; Depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
And so, as a result , some crazy things have happened. 同时,一些疯狂的事情发生了。
as a result:结果;
I'll give you some examples. Lets talk about dentists, vasectomies , guns and shark attacks. Okay? 我会给大家举些例子,比如牙医, 输精管切除书术,枪支和鲨鱼攻击。好吗？
vasectomies:n.[泌尿]输精管切除术;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Dentists report molars , you know, people grinding their teeth, coming in and reporting the fact that they've had stress. 牙医报告说人们有磨牙。 磨牙的人去见牙医, 说他们感到有压力。
molars:n.[解剖]臼齿(molar的复数); grinding:adj.没完没了的; v.磨碎; (grind的现在分词)
And so there is an increase in people having to have their fillings replaced. 于是,越来越多的人不得不替换他们补牙所用的材料。
fillings:n.填料;馅料(filling的复数形式);充填料;
Guns, gun sales, according to the FBI, who does background checks, are up almost 25 percent since January. 负责检查背景的联邦调查局说 七月份以来,持枪数和枪支销售上涨了几乎25%。
according to:根据,据说;
Vasectomies are up 48 percent, according to the Cornell institute . 又据康奈尔研究院 输精管切除手术增多了48%。
institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院;
And lastly, but a very good point, hopefully not related to the former point I just made, which is that shark attacks are at their lowest level from 2003. 最后,很好的一点 希望和我们前面提到的一点没关系? 那就是,鲨鱼袭人事件也处于2003年以来的最低水平。
Does anybody know why? 有人知道原因吗？
No one is at the beach. So there is a bright side to everything. 没有人去海滩。所以任何事物都有光明的一面。
But seriously, what we see happening, and the reason I want to stress that the consumer is not in retreat, is that this is a tremendous opportunity for the consumer, who drove us into this recession , to lead us right back out. 不过严肃点说,正在发生的事情 以及我想强调消费者并未撤退的原因是: 这对消费者而言是一个巨大的机遇。 消费者将我们带入衰退, 但也能借此机遇引导我们走出衰退。
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; recession:n.经济衰退;经济萎缩;退后;撤回;
And what I mean by that is that we can move from mindless consumption to mindful consumption. Right? 我的意思是,我们可以从不假思索的消费 变为深思熟虑的消费。对吗？
mindless:adj.愚蠢的;不小心的;不需要动脑筋的;不顾虑的; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; mindful:adj.留心的;记住的;警觉的;
If you think about the last three decades, the consumer has moved from savvy about marketing in the '90s, to gathering all these amazing social and search tools in this decade, but the one thing that has been holding them back is the ability to discriminate . 如果你想想过去30年, 消费者从90年代的信奉市场知识 变化到近十年的收集各种社会工具和搜索工具。 但是,有一样东西阻挡了他们的前进,那就是判断能力。
savvy:n.悟性;理解能力;懂行(的人);v.理解;懂;vi.理解;知道; discriminate:vt.歧视;区别;辨别;vi.区别;辨别;
By restricting their demand, consumers can actually align their values with their spending, and drive capitalism and business, to not just be about more, but be about better. 消费者因限制了自己的需求, 而能让他们的价值取向与消费相结合 并驱动资产主义和商业 到不只更多而是更好的境界。
restricting:n.整形,限制;扼流;v.限制(restrict的ing形式); align:vt.使结盟;使成一行;匹配;vi.排列;排成一行;
We're going to explain that right now. 接下来我会解释这一点。
Based on Y&R's BrandAsset Valuator , proprietary tool of VML and Young & Rubicam, we set out to understand what's been happening in the crisis with the consumer marketplace . 根据Y&R的品牌资产评估机构, VML 和 Young & Rubicam的专有工具, 我们开始了解到金融危机 在消费者市场引发的事情。
Valuator:n.评价者;鉴定者;估价者;核价员; proprietary:n.所有权;所有人;adj.所有的;专利的;私人拥有的; marketplace:n.市场;集市;
We found a couple of really interesting things. 我们发现了一些相当有趣的事情。
We're going to go through four value-shifts that we see driving new consumer behaviors, that offer new management principles . 我们研究了4种价值转变, 这些变化引导我们找到新的消费者行为, 也提供了新的管理法则。
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
The first cultural value shift that we see is this tendency toward something we call liquid life. 第一个文化价值转变是, 生活有种转向所谓液态生活的趋势。
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; tendency:n.倾向,趋势;癖好;
This is the movement from Americans defining their success on having things, to having liquidity , because the less excess that you have around you, the more nimble and fleet of foot you are. 美国人对成功的定义由资产的多寡 变为是否拥有液态生活。 因为,一个人周围的过度行为越少, 他的行动速度会越发灵敏。
defining:v.解释(词语)的含义;给(词语)下定义;阐明;界定;(define的现在分词) liquidity:n.流动性;流动资产;[金融]偿债能力; excess:n.超过,超额;过度,过量;无节制;adj.额外的,过量的;附加的; nimble:adj.敏捷的;聪明的;敏感的; fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的;
The management principle is dollars and cents. 这个管理法则是金钱,
First things is we see something must be happening when 第一件事是,P. Diddy（吹牛老爹）宣称不再穿戴华丽闪亮的服装时,
P. Diddy vows to tone down his bling . 一定有什么事发生了。
Diddy:n.吉卜赛人;adj.小的; vows:n.婚誓;誓约(vow的复数);v.发誓;郑重声明(vow的三单形式); tone:n.语气:风格:特色:声音信号:v.使更结实:与…协调: bling:n.锦衣珠宝;
(Laughter) （xiaosheng）
But seriously, we also have this phenomenon on Madison Avenue , and in other places where people are actually walking out of luxury boutiques with ordinary, sort of generic paper bags to hide the brand purchases . 但是严格地说 这种现象也发生麦迪逊大街和别的地方, 人们走在奢侈精品街上, 手里拿着普通无名的纸袋, 里面却放着各种名牌物品。
Madison Avenue:n.美国广告业; luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的; boutiques:n.精品店;专卖流行衣服的小商店;adj.精品屋的;小规模专售精品的; generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的; brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印; purchases:v.[贸易]购买; n.所购物;
We see high-end haggling in fashion today. 今天我们看到上流社会的高价议价,
high-end:adj.高端的;高档的; haggling:v.讨价还价;争论;(尤指)讲价;(haggle的现在分词)
High-end haggling for luxury and real estate . 豪宅和不动产的高价议价。
real estate:n.房地产;不动产;
We also see just a relaxing of ego , and sort of a dismantling of artifice . 我们也只看到一个放松的自我 以及拆穿各种诡计。
relaxing:adj.令人放松的;轻松的;v.放松;休息;宽慰;(使)放心;(relax的现在分词) ego:n.自我;自负;自我意识; dismantling:v.拆开,拆卸;废除,取消;(dismantle的现在分词) artifice:n.诡计;欺骗;巧妙的办法;
This is a story on the yacht club that's all basically blue collar . 这个故事发生在游艇俱乐部, 它的成员基本上都是蓝领阶层,
yacht:游艇;帆船;v.乘快艇; blue collar:adj.穿蓝领工装的;体力劳动的;蓝领阶级;
Blue collar yacht club, where you can join the yacht club, but you've got to work in the boat yard, as sort of condition of membership . 是的,蓝领游艇俱乐部,你可以参加这个俱乐部, 但成为会员的条件是 你必须在船坞上工作。
membership:n.成员资格;(统称)会员;会员人数;
We also see the trend toward tourism that's a little bit more low key. Right? 我们也看到未来趋势朝向 低调旅游发展,对吧?
Agritourism , going to vineyards and going to farms. 农业旅游,人们走入葡萄园和农田。
Agritourism:农业旅游;观光农业; vineyards:n.(为酿酒而种植的)葡萄园;酿酒厂;(vineyard的复数)
And then we also see this movement forward from dollars and cents. 然后,我们也看到价值观已不再但是关于金钱。
What businesses can do to connect with these new mindsets is really interesting. 企业能联系这些新观念去做什么 是相当有趣的。
mindsets:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态;
A couple things that are kind of cool. 有些事儿非常酷,
One is that Frito-Lay figured out this liquidity thing with their consumer. 其一是,Frito-Lay（知名食品公司）查觉了 他们顾客的流动性。
They found their consumer had more money at the beginning of the month, less at the end of the month. So what they did is they started to change their packaging. 他们发现消费者在月初有较多的钱, 而月底则较少,因此他们所做的 就是开始改变他们的包装。
at the beginning of:在…的开始;
Larger packs at the beginning of the month, smaller packaging at the end of the month. 月初销售的包装比较大, 月底产品的包装比较小。
Really interestingly , too, was the San Francisco Giants . 同样有趣的是,旧金山巨人队（San Francisco Giants职业棒球队）
interestingly:adv.有趣地; Giants:n.巨人;大汉;巨兽;巨树;(giant的复数)
They've just instituted dynamic pricing. 他们采用了动态定价,
instituted:v.建立,制定;开始;实行(institute的过去分词和过去式) dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的;
So it takes into account everything from the pitcher match-ups , to the weather, to the team records, in setting prices for the consumer. 因此,在制定票价时,他们将各种因素考虑进来, 从投手配合到天气 再到球队纪录。
pitcher:n.投手;大水罐; match-ups:n.互相防守的队员;
Another quick example of these types of movements is the rise of Zynga. 另一个的例子就是Zynga（开发 开心农场 的游戏厂商） 的快速崛起。
Zynga has risen on the consumer's desire to not want to be locked in to fixed-cost. Zynga的崛起基于消费者 不愿定期支付固定成本的欲望。
Again, this theme is about variable cost, variable living. 再一次,主题是变动成本和变动生活。
variable:n.变量;可变因素;可变情况;adj.多变的;易变的;变化无常的;可更改的;
So micropayments have become huge. 因此,小额支付也变成巨大的负担,
And lastly, some people are using Hulu actually as a device to get rid of their cable bill. 最后,一些人使用Hulu（免费网络电视） 实际上把它当作逃避有线电视账单的设备。
device:n.装置;策略;图案; cable:n.电缆; v.打电报; (用锚链,缆索等)系住;
So, really clever ideas there that are kind of being taken ahold and marketers are starting to understand. 因此,真正聪明的想法 似乎开始被市场采用,而商人们也开始能理解。
ahold:n.抓,握;adv.迎风航驶; marketers:n.卖主;市场营销者(marketer的复数);
The second of the four values is this movement toward ethics and fair play . 第二个价值观是 趋向重视道德及公平竞争。
ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准; fair play:n.按规则比赛;公平办事;
We see that play itself out with empathy and respect. 我们透过道德和尊重监视竞争。
empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着;
The consumer is demanding it. 消费者需要这样,
And, as a result, businesses must provide not only value, but values. 也因此,企业不只要提供 价值更须提供价值观。
Increasingly , consumers are looking at the culture of the company, looking for their conduct in the marketplace. 渐渐地,在市场中寻找产品时, 消费者开始留意公司文化。
Increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; conduct:v.实施;执行;表现;引导;n.举止;管理方法;经营方式;实施办法;
So, what we see with empathy and respect, lots of really hopeful things that have come out of this recession. 因此,我们透过道德与尊重所看到的,很多真实有希望的东西 已经从经济衰退中走出来。
And I'll give you a few examples. 下面是一些例子“
One is the rise toward communities and neighborhoods, and increased emphasis on your neighbors as your support system. 一个是社区和街坊的崛起 和人们更强调邻居是后备支持系统。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) emphasis:n.强调;重视;重要性;(对某个词或短语的)强调;
Also a wonderful byproduct of sort of a really lousy thing, which has been unemployment, is a rise in volunteerism that's been noted in our country. 此外,在失业清况如此严重的情形下, 一个很好的副产品产生了, 那就是更多人投身历来为美国所重视的志愿工作。
byproduct:n.副产品; lousy:adj.非常糟的;极坏的;恶劣的; volunteerism:n.志愿精神;志愿服务;
We also see the phenomenon -- some of you may have " boomerang kids" -- these are " boomerang alumni ," 我们也看到这样的一个现象- 你们中的一些可能有”赖家孩子” （boomerang kids） 这些也是返校校友,
boomerang:n.飞去来器;自食其果的行为;回飞棒; alumni:n.(统称)校友,毕业生;
where universities are actually reconnecting with alumni in helping them with jobs, sharing skills and retraining . 大学实际上会会再联系毕业校友, 以帮助在校生们找工作,分享技能及进行在职训练。
reconnecting:n.重新连线中;正在重新连接;v.再接合(reconnect的现在分词); retraining:v.(接受)重新培养,再教育,再培训;(retrain的现在分词)
We also talked about character and professionalism . 我们也谈论到人格和专业特质,
professionalism:n.专业主义;专家的地位;特性或方法;
We had this miracle on the Hudson in New York City, you know, in January. 今年一月时,纽约的Hudson发生了这样的奇迹
miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例; Hudson:n.哈得孙河;
And suddenly Sully has become a key name on Babycenter. 突然间Sully这个名字在婴儿中心变得很重要 （sully,玷污名声）
Sully:vt.玷污;使丢脸;n.污点,损伤;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So, from a value and values standpoint , what companies can do is connect in lots of different ways. 那么,从价值及价值观的角度来看, 公司能做的是通过各种方式联系消费者。
standpoint:n.立场;观点;
Microsoft is doing something wonderful. 微软做了一些很棒的事,
They are actually vowing to retrain two million Americans with I.T. training: using their existing infrastructure to do something good. 他们宣步将对2百万美国人做信息在职训练, 使用既有的设备去做一些好事。
vowing:n.发誓;誓言;许愿;vt.发誓;郑重宣告;vi.发誓;郑重宣告; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
Also a really interesting company is Gore-Tex . 另一个有趣的公司Gore-Tex
Gore-Tex:面料名;
Gore-Tex is all about personal accountability of their management and their employees, to the point where they really kind of shun the idea of bosses. Gore-Tex强调个人责任感, 无论是管理者还是员工。 以至于他们几乎舍弃老板与下属的概念。
accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性; shun:vt.避开,避免;回避;
But they also talk about the fact that their executives , all of their expense reports, are put on to their company intranet for everyone to see. 但他们也谈论到这样一个事实, 他们的执行力和所有费用支出 都会放在公司内部网络供每个员工观看。
executives:n.经理,主管领导,管理人员;领导层;行政部门(executive的复数) expense:n.费用;开支;花费;开销; intranet:n.内联网;企业内部网;
Complete transparency . 完全透明化
transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃;
Think twice before you have that bottle of wine. 三思而后行
Think twice:再三考虑;重新考虑;
The third of the four laws of post-crisis consumerism is about durable living. 后危机消费的第三个法则是 永续生存。
consumerism:n.保护消费者利益运动;用户至上主义; durable:adj.耐用的;耐久的;长期的;长久的;n.耐久品;
We're seeing on our data that consumers are realizing this is a marathon, not a sprint . 数据显示消费者意识到 这是一个马拉松而非短跑比赛。
sprint:vi.冲刺,全速跑;n.冲刺;短跑;vt.全速奔跑;
They are digging in. And they're looking for ways to extract value out of every purchase that they make. 他们开始认真,每一次购物 他们都有发掘出最大价值。
extract:v.提取;取出;摘录;榨取;n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹;
Witness the fact that Americans are holding on to their cars longer than ever before, 9.4 years, on average, in March. A record. 注意这一事实:美国人持有他们汽车 的时间比以前要长。 在今年三月创下历史纪录,平均9.4年
Witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证;
We also see the fact that libraries have become a huge resource for America. 我们也看到图书馆已经变成 美国人一个巨大的信息源。
resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备);
Did you know that 68 percent of Americans now carry a library card? 你知道现在有68%的美国人 持有图书馆卡吗?
The highest percentage ever, in our nation's History. 在我们国家历史最高纪录。
percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成;
So what you see in this trend is also the accumulation of knowledge. 因此,这种趋势也可看作 知识的累积。
accumulation:n.积聚,累积;堆积物;
Continuing education is up. 继续学习成为更多人的选择。
Continuing education:na.进修教育;
Everything is focused on betterment , and training, and development and moving forward. 每件事都强调改善、训练 发展及进步。
betterment:n.改善,改进;改良;涨价;
We also see a big DIY movement. 我们也看到明显的DIY趋势。
I was fascinated to learn that 30 percent of all homes in America are actually built by owners. 我很高兴了解到那些30% 自己动手建房的美国人,
That includes cottages and the like. But 30 percent. 包括农舍小屋诸如此类的,达到30%
cottages:n.小屋;(尤指)村舍,小别墅;(cottage的复数)
So, people are getting their hands dirty. They are rolling up their sleeves . 这样,人们卷起柚子,弄脏双手,
sleeves:n.[服装]袖子; v.给…装袖子; (sleeve的单三形式)
They want these skills. 学习这些技术。
We see that with the phenomenon of raising backyard hens and chickens and ducks. And when you work out the math, they say it doesn't work, but the principle is there that it's about being sustainable and taking care of yourself. 我们看到他们在后院饲养 母鸡、小鸡和鸭子,当你计算经济成本时, 他们回答那不重要,重点是原则, 原则就是关于持续发展和自给自足。
backyard:n.后院;后庭; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
And then we look at the High Line in New York City, an excellent use of reimagining existing infrastructure for something good, which is a brand new park in New York City. 我们再看看纽约市的High Line长廊式公园 一个很棒的再利用废弃设施 的案例。这也为 纽约市构建了一个崭新的公园。
reimagining:重新想象;再回味(reimagine的现在分词) brand new:adj.崭新的;最近获得的;
So, what brands can do, and companies, is pay dividends to consumers, be a brand that lasts, offer transparency, promise you're going to be there beyond today's sale. 因此,品牌和公司能做的是 分红给消费者。 做一个长期品牌, 提供透明度,承诺物超所值。
brands:n.品牌;烙印(brand的复数);v.加商标于;铭刻于(brand的第三人称单数); dividends:n.[金融]股息,股利;红利(dividend的复数形式);
Perfect example of that is Patagonia . 最佳的例子是Patagonia
Patagonia:n.巴塔哥尼亚(南美的一个地区);
Patagonia's Footprint Chronicles basically goes through and tracks every product that they make, and gives you social responsibility, and helps you understand the ethics that are behind the product that they make. Patagonia的环保足迹记事 基本上追踪每件产品的生产流程, 以给予消费者社会责任 并帮助消费者了解每件产品背后的 社会伦理道德。
Footprint:n.足迹;脚印; Chronicles:n.历代记(旧约); tracks:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;(track的第三人称单数和复数)
Another great example is Fidelity . 另一个很棒的例子是富达证券 Fidelity
Fidelity:n.保真度;忠诚;精确;尽责;
Rather than instant cash-back rewards on your credit or debit purchases, this is about 529 rewards for your student education. 他们并不依信用卡或现金卡消费回馈现金, 而是提供529助学奖励金 以作为学生教育补助。
instant:n.瞬间; adj.立即的; conj.同"assoonas"; rewards:n.[劳经]奖励; v.[劳经]奖赏;
Or the interesting company SunRun. 或另一个有趣的公司SunRun
I love this company. They've created a consumer collective where they put solar panels on households and create a consumer-based utility , where the electricity that they generate is basically pumped back out into the marketplace. 我喜欢这间公司,他们提供一个集合式产品, 给家庭安置太阳能面板, 并创造以消费者为主的公用事业。 他们再将产生的电力 卖给市场。
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; panels:n.面板(panel的复数); v.嵌镶(panel的第三人称单数形式); utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; generate:v.产生;引起; pumped:adj.紧张的; v.用泵输送; (pump的过去分词和过去式)
So, it's a consumer driven co-op . 这就是消费者驱动的互助。
co-op:n.合作社(cooperativesociety);消费合作社;
So, the fourth sort of post-crisis consumerism that we see is this movement about return to the fold . 因此,第四种金融危机后的消费主义 是回归信任圈的趋势。
fold:v.折叠;包;可叠平(以便贮存或携带);裹;n.褶;褶层;折叠部分;褶痕;
It's incredibly important right now. 这点非常重要。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
Trust is not parceled out, as we all know. 我们都知道,信任无法被分配,
parceled:v.分配(parcel的过去式和过去分词);把…作成包裹;
It's now about connecting to your communities, connecting to your social networks. 现在信任是关于连接你的小区、 连接你的社会网络。
In my book I talked about the fact that 72 percent of people trust what other people say about a brand or a company, versus 15 percent on advertising . 在我的书中谈论到, 72%的人相信其他人 对品牌和公司的介绍,只有15%的人相信广告。
versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; advertising:n.做广告;广告业;广告活动;v.做广告;(advertise的现在分词)
So, in that respect, cooperative consumerism has really taken off. 因此,从这个角度讲, 互助消费主义已经开始发展,
cooperative:adj.合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;n.合作企业;合作社组织;
This is about consumers working together to get what they want out of the marketplace. 消费者一起合作 去得到他们从市场无法得到的东西。
Let's look a couple of quick examples. 先快速地看几个例子:
The artisanal movement is huge. 手工运动的力量很强大。
artisanal:手工艺性的;
Everything about locally derived products and services, supporting your local neighborhoods, whether it's cheeses, wines and other products. 那就是就近获得产品和服务 以支持本地社区, 无论是奶酪、酒还是其他产品。
locally:adv.在本地;局部地;在地方上; derived:adj.导出的;衍生的,派生的;v.得到;推断(derive的过去分词);由…而来;
Also this rise of local currencies . 因此本地货币也出现并发展。
currencies:n.货币;货币流通(currency的复数);
Realizing that it's difficult to get loans in this environment, you're doing business with people you trust, in your local markets. 意识到在这种环境下很难获得融资, 人们开始和那些信赖的人做生意, 在他们熟悉的地方性市场。
So, this rise of this sort of local currency is another really interesting phenomenon. 因此,地区货币的流通 是另外有趣的现象。
And then they did a recent report 然后他们做了一个报告,
I though was fascinating . 这个报告很吸引人。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
They actually started, in certain communities in the United States, start to publish people's electricity usage . 事实上,他们已经开始在美国的几个小区行动, 开始公布人们的电力使用。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) publish:v.出版;发表;公布; usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法;
And what they found out is when that was available for public record, the people's electricity usage in those communities dropped. 他们发现人们见到使用数据后, 这些社区的电力使用量降低。
Then we also look at the idea of cow-pooling, which is the whole phenomenon of consumers organizing together to buy meat from organic farms that they know is safe and controlled in the way that they want it to be controlled. 接下来,再看看合资买牛的构想, 这个现象完全是 消费者自己组织行动, 去那些他们知道安全可控的农场购买肉类; 这样他们总能掌握相关的信息。
organizing:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;(organize的现在分词) organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体; in the way:妨碍;挡道;
And then there is this other really interesting movement that's happened in California, which is about carrot mobs . 还有一个真正有趣的趋势 发生在加洲,是有关于胡萝卜族的。
mobs:n.人群; v.(鸟群或兽群)围攻; (mob的第三人称单数和复数)
The traditional thing would be to boycott right? 传统的方法是去联合抵制购买,对吧?
traditional:传统的,惯例的, boycott:v.联合抵制;拒绝参加;n.联合抵制;
Have a stick? Well why not have a carrot? 采用惩罚的方式?那为什么不用奖励的方式呢?
So these are consumers organizing, pooling their resources , to incentify companies to do good. 这些胡萝卜族组织集中他们的资源 去鼓励商家去做好事。
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
And then we look at what companies can do. 然后让我们来看看企业能做些什么。
This is all the opportunity about being a community organizer . 到处都有机会去成为社群组织者,
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; organizer:n.组织者;承办单位;[生物]组织导体;
You have to realize that you can't fight and control this. 你必须意识到你不能对抗和控制它。
You actually need to organize it. 你实际上需要去组织它。
You need to harness it. You need to give it meaning. 你必须驾驭它,必须赋予它意义。
harness:vt.治理; n.马具;
And there is lots of really interesting examples here that we see. 这里有很多有趣的实际案例 可供我们参考。
First is just the rise of the fact that 第一个是愈发明显的现象,
Zagat's has actually moved out of and diversified from rating restaurants, into actually rating healthcare. Zagat的业务实际上已（zagat网站,类似大众点评网） 不仅仅是从多角度评鉴美食餐馆, 他们也开始评价医疗保健。
diversified:adj.多样化的; v.增加…的品种; (diversify的过去式和过去分词)
So what credentials does Zagat's have? Zagat 到底有什么资质呢?
credentials:n.[管理]证书; v.得到信用;
Well, they have a lot. Because it's their network of people. Right? 他们当然有很多.因为他们有很强的人脉网络.对吧?
So that becomes a very powerful force for them to make their brand more elastic . 因此,这变成一股非常强大的力量 促使她们的品牌变得更有张力。
elastic:n.橡皮圈;adj.有弹力(弹性)的;伸缩自如的;机变的;
Then you look at the phenomenon of Kogi. 再来看看Kogi现象
This Kogi doesn't exist. It's a moving truck. Right? 这个Kogi并非固定,而是一个流动餐车,对吧?
It's a moving truck through L.A. And the only way you can find it is through Twitter. 它是一个穿梭在洛杉矶的快餐车,而唯一能找到它的方式 就是通过Twitter。
Or you look at Johnson & Johnson's Momversations. 又或者再看看强生集团的Momversations网站,
A phenomenal blog that's been built up. 他们建立了一个感性的博客,
phenomenal:adj.现象的;显著的;异常的;能知觉的;惊人的,非凡的; blog:n.博客;部落格;网络日志;
Where J&J basically is tapping into the power of mommy bloggers , allowing them to basically create a forum where they can communicate and they can connect. 娇生集团借此利用 每一个妈妈博主的力量。 妈妈们可以去建立一个论坛, 在那里互相沟通和联系。
bloggers:n.写博客的人;博客使用者; forum:n.论坛,讨论会;法庭;公开讨论的广场;
And it's also become a very, very valuable sort of advertising revenue for J&J as well. 这俨然是一个非常,非常有效的 营销方式,对强生公司也是如此。
valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; revenue:n.收益;营业额;税务署;
This plus the fact that you've got phenomenal work from CEOs from Ford to Zappos, connecting on Twitter, creating an open environment, allowing their employees to be part of the process , rather than hidden behind walls. 还有, 借用Twitter的连接作用,你可以得到 来自从福特汽车到Zappos的CEO们的优质工作。 这样就创造了一个开放式的环境, 允许员工参与整个过程 而不是躲在幕后。
Ford:n.福特[姓氏];浅滩;v.涉(水);渡河;津渡; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
You see this rising force in sort of total transparency and openness that companies are starting to adopt . 这股崛起的力量似乎也促使 公司开始尝试完全透明性和公开性。
openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真; adopt:v.采取;接受;收养;正式通过;
All because the consumer is demanding it. 因为消费者希望这样。
So, when we look at this and we step back, what I believe is that the crisis that exists today is definitely real. 当我们看看这点,再退后一步看, 我相信今天发生的危机 是绝对真实的。
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
It's been tremendously powerful for consumers. 它已经对消费者造成极大的冲击,
tremendously:adv.非常地;可怕地;惊人地;
But, at the same time, this is also a tremendous opportunity. 但同时,这也是一个绝佳的机会。
And the Chinese character for crisis is actually the same side of the same coin. ”危机“在汉语中 实际上指的是同一件事,
Crisis equals opportunity. 危机就是转机。
What we're seeing with consumers right now is the ability for them to actually lead us forward out of this recession. 我们当前所看到正是, 消费者事实上有能力去 引领我们走出这次经济衰退。
So, we believe that values-driven spending will force capitalism to be better. 因此,我们相信价值驱动消费 会促使资本主义变得更好。
It will drive innovation . 它将驱动创新。
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
It will make longer-lasting products. It will create better, more intuitive customer service. 将创造更持久耐用的产品。 它将创造更好、更直观的消费者服务。
longer-lasting:持久的; intuitive:adj.直觉的;凭直觉获知的;
It will give us the opportunity to connect with companies that share the values that we share. 它将给我们机会去连接公司 互相分享价值。
So, when we look back and step out at this and see the beginning of these trends that we're seeing in our data, we see a very hopeful picture for the future of America. 因此,当我们往后看或跳出来 看看这些数据 所显示的趋势的开始。 我们看到一个非常有希望的远景在美国的未来
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数)
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
(Applause) （掌声）