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JohannaBenesty_2020S-_我们研发出新冠疫苗后会发生什么？_-
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| My son was born in January 2020, shortly before the lockdown in Paris. |
我的儿子出生于 2020 年 1 月, 就在巴黎封城前不久。 |
| He was never scared of people wearing masks, because that's all he knows. |
他从来不害怕戴口罩的人, 因为那就是他 出生以来一直所见的。 |
| My three-year-old daughter knows how to say " gel hydro-alcoolique." |
我三岁的女儿会说 “gel hydro-alcoolique”。 |
| That's the French word for hydroalcoholic gel. |
这是水醇凝胶的法语说法。 |
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lockdown:n.一级防范禁闭(期); gel:vi.胶化;n.[物化]凝胶,胶体;
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| She actually pronounces it better than I do. |
实际上她的发音比我还标准。 |
| But no one wants to be wearing a mask or wash their hands with hand sanitizer every 20 seconds. |
但是没人想戴口罩, 或者每 20 秒就用洗手液洗手。 |
| We're all desperately looking at R and D to find us a solution : a vaccine . |
我们都在拼命地研究、研发, 以找到解决方案:疫苗。 |
| It's interesting that in our minds, we keep thinking of the vaccine discovery like it's the Holy Grail . |
非常有趣的是, 在我们的脑海里, 我们一直想象着疫苗的出现, 好像它是圣杯一样。 |
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sanitizer:n.食品防腐剂;消毒杀菌剂(等于sanitiser); desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; vaccine:n.疫苗;牛痘苗;adj.疫苗的;牛痘的; Holy Grail:na.圣杯;
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| But there are a couple of shortcuts here that I'd like to unpack . |
但是,我们也有一些捷径, 我想展开讲一下。 |
| I'm not a doctor, I'm just a consultant . |
我不是医生,只是一个顾问。 |
| My clients focus on health care -- biopharma companies, providers , global health institutions -- and they've educated me. |
我的客户主要是 医疗保健方面的—— 生物制药公司、供应商、 全球卫生机构—— 他们教了我很多。 |
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shortcuts:n.近路;捷径;快捷方式(图标);(shortcut的复数) unpack:vt.卸下…;解除…的负担;vi.打开包裹; consultant:n.顾问;高级顾问医师;会诊医师; clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数) health care:n.卫生保健; providers:n.供应者;提供者;供养人;(provider的复数) global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
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| We need to find the tools to fight COVID, and we need to make them accessible to all. |
我们需要找到 对抗新冠肺炎的工具, 而且我们要让所有人可以使用。 |
| First, one single vaccine will not get us out of this. |
首先,仅仅疫苗本身 不会使我们摆脱困境。 |
| What we need is an arsenal of tools. |
我们需要的是一个工具库。 |
| We need vaccines , we need therapeutics , we need diagnostics to make sure that we can prevent, identify and treat COVID cases in a variety of populations. |
我们需要疫苗, 需要治疗方法和诊断, 来确保我们可以在各种人群中 |
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accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; arsenal:n.兵工厂;军械库; vaccines:n.[药][计]疫苗; therapeutics:n.疗法,治疗学; diagnostics:n.诊断学(用作单数); identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化;
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| Second, it's not just about finding a tool. |
第二,光找到工具还不够。 |
| What do you think will happen when one of those clinical trials demonstrates that the tool is effective ? |
你们觉得当其中一个临床实验 证明了工具有效后 会发生什么？ |
| Do you think we can all run to the pharmacy next door, we get the product, we take off our masks and we go back to French kissing? |
我们就可以都跑到附近的药店, 打一针疫苗,然后拿掉口罩, 回到法式接吻的时候吗？ |
| No. |
不能。 |
| Finding an effective tool is just one step in this big fight, because there is a difference between the existence of a product and access to that product. |
找到一个有效的工具 只是这场大战中的一步, 因为产品的存在 和能够使用该产品 是截然不同的。 |
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clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; demonstrates:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;演示;(demonstrate的第三人称单数) effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; pharmacy:n.药房;配药学,药剂学;制药业;一批备用药品;
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| And now you're thinking, "Oh -- she means other countries will have to wait." |
现在你会想, “哦,她的意思是 其它国家不得不等一等。” |
| Well, no, that's not my point. |
不是,这是我想说的。 |
| Not only others may have to wait, but any of us may have to. |
不仅其他人可能要等, 我们每个人都可能必须等待。 |
| The humbling thing about COVID is that because of its speed and magnitude , it's exposing all of us to the same challenges and giving us a flavor of challenges we're not used to. |
新冠病毒之所以可怕, 是因为它的传播速度和规模, 它使我们所有人都 面临着同样的挑战, 而且是给我们带来了 不常见的挑战。 |
| Remember when China got into lockdown? |
记得中国封城的时候吗？ |
| Did you imagine that you would be in the same situation a few weeks after? |
当时的我们想象过, 在几周后,自己也会处于 相同的境地吗？ |
| I certainly didn't. |
我当然没有。 |
| Let's go to the theoretical moment when we have a vaccine. |
现在让我们想象一下 疫苗出现之后会如何。[02:28] |
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humbling:adj.令人羞辱的;v.羞辱(humble的ing形式);使…谦恭;使…卑贱; magnitude:n.大小;量级;[地震]震级;重要;光度; exposing:v.暴露;显露;揭露;揭穿;使面临;(expose的现在分词) flavor:n.情味,风味;香料;滋味;v.加味于; theoretical:adj.理论的;理论上的;假设的;推理的;
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| In this case, the next access challenge will be supply. |
这种情况下,下一个挑战 就是供应。 |
| The current estimate of the global community is that by the end of 2021 -- so that's over a year after the discovery of the vaccine -- we would have enough doses to cover one to two billion of the eight billion of us on the planet. |
当前,全球范围内的估计是, 到 2021 年底—— 就是疫苗出现的一年后—— 我们才有足够多的疫苗剂量覆盖 全球 80 亿人口中的 10 到 20 亿人。 |
| So who will have to wait? |
那么哪些人必须等待？ |
| How do you think about access when supply is short? |
当供应短缺时候, 你们如何看待接种的问题？ |
| Scenario number one: we let the market forces play, and those who can pay the highest price or be the fastest to negotiate deals will get access to the product first. |
场景 1 : 我们让市场力量发挥作用, 那些出得起高价的, 或者可以最快协商交易的人们 将会最先得到疫苗产品。 |
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estimate:v.估计;估算;估价;n.估价;(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估计的成本; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; doses:v.服药(dose的三单形式);n.[药][核]剂量(dose的复数); Scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本; market forces:n.市场调节作用;市场力量; negotiate:v.谈判,商议;转让;越过;
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| It's not equitable at all, but it's a very likely scenario. |
这一点也不公平, 但这是最有可能的情况。 |
| Scenario number two: we could all agree, based on public health rationale , who gets the product first. |
场景 2 : 基于公共卫生原则, 我们共同决定 谁可以先获得疫苗。 |
| Let's say we agree that health care workers would get it first, and then the elderly and then the general population. |
假设我们同意医护人员首先接种, 然后是老年人, 然后是普通大众。 |
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equitable:adj.公平的,公正的;平衡法的; rationale:n.基本原理;原理的阐述; elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的;
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| Now let me be a bit more provocative . |
现在让问题更有挑战性一点。 |
| Scenario number three: countries who have demonstrated that they can manage the pandemic well would get access to the product first. |
场景 3 : 那些已经展示出 自己能控制好疫情的国家 可以先获得疫苗接种。 |
| It's a little bit extrapolated , but it's not complete science fiction . |
这个有一点演绎成分, 但不完全是想象出来的情景。 |
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provocative:adj.刺激的,挑拨的;气人的;n.刺激物,挑拨物;兴奋剂; demonstrated:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;表达;(demonstrate的过去分词和过去式) pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病; extrapolated:adj.推测的;v.推测(extrapolate的过去分词); science fiction:科幻小说;
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| Years ago, when the supply of high-quality second-line tuberculosis drug was scarce , a special committee was established to determine which countries had health systems that were strong enough |
几年前,当高质量的 二线抗结核药物供应短缺时, 人们就成立了一个特别委员会, 来决定哪些国家的 卫生系统足够强大, |
| to ensure that the products would be distributed properly and that patients would follow their treatment plans properly. |
可以确保产品会正确分配, 且患者将正确遵循其治疗计划。 |
| Those select countries got access first. |
于是那些国家先得到了药物。 |
| Or, scenario number four: we could decide on a random rule, for instance , that people get to be vaccinated on their birthday. |
或者,看场景 4 : 我们决定一个随机的规则, 例如, 人们在各自生日那天接种疫苗。 |
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high-quality:adj.高质量的; second-line:adj.第二线的; tuberculosis:n.肺结核;结核病; scarce:adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;adj.缺乏的;不足的;稀少的; committee:n.委员会; established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全; distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式) patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地; instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; vaccinated:v.给…接种疫苗;(vaccinate的过去分词和过去式)
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| Now let me ask you this: |
现在我来问你们: |
| How does it feel to think of a future where the vaccine exists, but you would still have to wear a mask and keep your kids home from school, and you would not be able to go to work the way you want because you wouldn't have access to that product? |
想象这样的未来是什么感觉？ 疫苗出现了, 但是因为没有机会接种, 你还是要戴着口罩, 孩子不能去学校, 你也不能按照 你想要的方式去上班。 |
| Every day that passed would feel unacceptable , right? |
这样度过的每一天 都让人无法忍受,对吗？ |
| But guess what? |
但是猜猜怎么样？ |
| There are many diseases for which we have treatments and even cures, and yet people keep being infected and die every year. |
有很多疾病,我们已经 有了治疗方法,甚至能治愈, 但是每年还会有人 因此感染并死亡。 |
| Let's take tuberculosis: 10 million people infected every year, 1.5 million people dying, although we've had a cure for years. |
让我们说说结核病: 每年有 1000 万人感染, 150 万人死亡, 尽管很多年前 它就已不再是绝症。 |
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unacceptable:adj.不能接受(或允许、同意)的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; treatments:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;(treatment的复数) infected:adj.带菌的; v.传染; (infect的过去分词和过去式)
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| And that's just because we haven't completely figured out some of the key access issues . |
而这只是因为 我们还没有完全解决 那些关键的接种问题。 |
| Equitable access is the right thing to do, but beyond this humanitarian argument that I hope we are more sensitive to now that we've experienced it in our flesh , there is a health and an economic argument to equitable access. |
公平的接种是正确的选择, 但是除了这种人道主义的论点—— 我希望我们对人体已经 经历过的事情更加敏感—— 还存在一种 关于健康和经济的论点, 即公平分配。 |
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issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) humanitarian:adj.人道主义的;博爱的;基督凡人论的;n.人道主义者;基督凡人论者; sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; flesh:n.肉;肉体;v.喂肉给…;发胖; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
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| The health argument is that as long as the virus is active somewhere, we're all at risk of reimported cases. |
健康方面的论点是, 只要病毒在某处活跃, 我们都有接触新生病例的风险。 |
| The economic argument is that because of the interdependencies in our economies , no domestic economy can fully restart if others are not picking up as well. |
经济方面的观点是, 因为我们在经济上的 相互依赖, 如果其它国家没有处理好, 没有谁的经济能够完全重启。 |
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as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; reimported:n.再输入;再进口货;v.再输入(输出品等);(reimport的过去式) economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
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| Think of the sectors that rely on global mobility , like aerospace or travel and tourism. |
想想那些依靠全球流动性的行业, 比如航空或旅游业。 |
| Think of the supply chains that cut across the globe, like textiles or automotive . |
想想遍布全球的供应链, 比如纺织品或者汽车。 |
| Think of the share of the economic growth that is coming from emerging markets. |
再想想新兴市场 在经济增长中所占的份额。 |
| The reality is that we need all countries to be able to crush the pandemic in sync . |
现实是,我们需要所有国家 携手同步击垮疫情。 |
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sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形; rely:vi.依靠;信赖; mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; aerospace:n.航空宇宙;[航]航空航天空间; textiles:n.纺织品;纺织业;(textile的复数) automotive:adj.汽车的;自动的; emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) crush:v.压碎;弄皱,变形;使…挤入;n.粉碎;迷恋;压榨;拥挤的人群; sync:n.同步,同时;vi.同时发生;vt.使同步;
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| So not only is equitable access the right thing to do, it is also the smart thing to do. |
所以,公平的接种 不只是正确的选择, 也是明智的选择。 |
| But how do we do that? |
但是我们要怎么做呢? |
| Let's make sure we're on the same page in terms of what "access" means. |
首先要确保对于“接种”, 我们有着相同的理解。 |
| It would actually mean that the product exists; that it's working sufficiently well; that it's been approved by the local authorities; that it is affordable; |
它实际上意味着 产品首先要存在; 可以有效地起作用; 被地方当局批准; 人们可以负担得起; |
| but also that there is evidence that it works in all the populations that need it, and that can include pregnant women or immunodepressed people, or children; |
且也有证据表明,它可以 在所有需要它的人群中 发挥作用, 包括孕妇、免疫力低下的人群, 或者儿童群体; |
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on the same page:在同一页上;进度相同;达成共识; sufficiently:adv.充分地;足够地; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的;
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| that it can be distributed in a variety of settings, like hospitals or rural clinics , or hot climate or cold climate; and that we can produce it at the right scale . |
而且它可以在不同条件下配发, 无论是医院还是乡村诊所, 无论是在热带还是寒带地区; 最后,我们要能够 以合适的规模生产。 |
| It's a very long checklist , I know, and in a non-crisis situation, we would likely address these issues one after the other in a sequential way, which takes a lot of time. |
我知道,这是一张很长的清单, 而且在非危机的情况下, 我们很可能会按照顺序 一项一项解决, 会花费很长时间。 |
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rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式); scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; checklist:n.清单;检查表;备忘录;目录册; one after the other:相继地,一个接一个地; sequential:adj.连续的;相继的;有顺序的;
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| So what do we do? |
那么我们现在要怎么做？ |
| Access is far from being a new challenge, and in the case of COVID, |
接种问题绝不是一个新挑战, 而且对于新冠病毒的情况, |
| I have to say, we're seeing extraordinary collaboration of international organizations , civil society, industry and others to accelerate access: working things in parallel , speeding up regulatory processes , engineering supply mechanisms , securing procurement , mobilizing resources , etc. |
我不得不说,我们目睹了 国际机构、民间组织、 工业界和多方出色的合作, 来加速接种的进程: 多项工作并行, 加快监管程序, 工程化供应机制, 安全采购、调动资源,等等。 |
| Yet we are likely to face a situation where, for instance, the vaccine would need to be constantly stored at, let's say, minus 80 Celsius degrees; or where the treatment would need to be administered by a highly specialized health care worker; or where the diagnostic would need to be analyzed by a sophisticated lab. |
但是我们很可能 要面临这样的状况, 例如,疫苗可能需要持续存放在 零下 80 摄氏度的环境中; 或者治疗将需要由高度专业的 卫生保健工作者进行; 或者诊断将需要由 复杂的实验室进行分析。 |
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extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; accelerate:v.加快;加速;n.接受速成教育的学生; parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等); regulatory:adj.管理的;控制的;调整的; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学; procurement:n.采购;获得,取得; mobilizing:v.组织;鼓动;动员;调动;调用;(mobilize的现在分词) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; minus:prep.减,减去;n.负号,减号;不足;负数;adj.减的;负的; Celsius:adj.摄氏的;n.摄氏度; administered:v.管理;治理(国家);执行;给予;提供;(administer的过去分词和过去式) highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; specialized:adj.专业的; v.专门研究(或从事); (specialize的过去式和过去分词) analyzed:v.分析(analyze的过去式和过去分词);检讨; sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的;
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| So what more can we do? |
那么我们还能做什么？ |
| Pushing further the logic that the global health community has advocated for for years, there is one additional thing I can think of that might help. |
除了进一步推动全球卫生界 多年来倡导的原则, 我还想到了另一件 可能会有所帮助的事。 |
| There is a concept in product development and manufacturing that's called "design to cost." |
产品开发和制造中 有一个概念叫做 “按成本设计”。 |
| The basic idea is that the cost management conversation happens at the same time as the product being designed, as opposed to the product being designed first and then reworked to bring the cost down. |
其基本思想是, 成本管理对话 与设计产品同时进行, 而不是先设计产品, 然后又重新设计以降低成本。 |
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logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的; advocated:vt.提倡,主张,拥护;n.提倡者;支持者;律师; additional:adj.附加的,额外的; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式) reworked:v.修改;重做;再加工;(rework的过去分词和过去式)
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| It's a simple method that helps ensure that when cost has been identified as a priority criteria for a product, it's made a target from day one. |
这是一种简单的方法, 可帮助确保将成本确定为 产品的优先标准后, 从第一天开始就将其作为目标。 |
| Now, in the context of health and access, |
现在,在健康和接种方面, |
| I think there is untapped potential in R and D to access, the same way that manufacturers design to cost. |
我认为研发部门 有尚未开发的潜力, 与制造商根据成本 进行设计的方式相同。 |
| This would mean that, instead of developing a product and then working to adapt it to ensure equitable access later, all of the items on the checklist I mentioned |
这就意味着, 要摒弃先开发产品, 然后进行调整, 以确保以后能够公平使用, 而是把我在清单中 提到的所有事项 |
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identified:v.确认;认出;找到;发现;说明身份;(identify的过去式和过去分词) priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事; criteria:n.标准,条件(criterion的复数); context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; untapped:adj.未开发的;未使用的;塞子未开的; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; manufacturers:n.生产者;制造者;生产商;(manufacturer的复数) adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应; items:n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一则,一条(新闻)(item的复数)
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| would be built into the R and D process from the beginning, and this would actually benefit us all. |
从一开始就 全部内置到研究过程中, 这实际上将使我们所有人受益。 |
| Let's take an example. |
我来举个例子。 |
| If we develop a product with equitable access in mind, we might be able to optimize for scale-up faster. |
如果我们开发产品时 就考虑到公平的使用权, 我们也许可以进行优化, 以更快扩大生产规模。 |
| In my experience, drug developers often focus on finding a dose that works, and only after do they optimize the dosage or make adjustments . |
根据我的经验,药物开发人员 通常会专注于寻找有效的药剂, 之后才会优化剂量 或进行调整。 |
| Now imagine that we're talking of a candidate product for which the active ingredient is a scarce resource. |
现在想象一种候选产品, 它的有效成分是一种稀缺资源。 |
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optimize:vt.使最优化,使完善;vi.优化;持乐观态度; scale-up:n.扩大;[统计]按比例增加; developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); dosage:n.剂量,用量; adjustments:n.调整;调节;调整,适应;(adjustment的复数) ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分;adj.构成组成部分的;
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| What if instead we focused on developing a treatment that uses the lowest possible amount of that active ingredient? |
如果我们专注于开发 尽可能只是用最低计量的 这种活性成分的治疗方法, 会怎么样？ |
| It could help us produce more doses. |
它会帮助我们生产更多剂量。 |
| Let's take another example. |
还有另一个例子。 |
| If we develop a product with equitable access in mind, we might be able to optimize for mass distribution faster. |
如果我们开发产品时 就考虑到公平的使用权, 也许就可以更快地优化分配问题。 |
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What if:如果…怎么办? mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销;
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| In high-income countries, we have strong health systems capacity . |
高收入国家通常 拥有强大的卫生系统。 |
| We can always distribute products the way we want. |
我们始终可以 按照自己想要的方式分配产品。 |
| So we often take for granted that products can be stored in temperature-controlled environments or requires a highly skilled health care worker for administration. |
因此,我们通常理所当然地认为 产品可以存储在温度受控的环境中, 或者由具有高技能的医护人员 进行管理。 |
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capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; take for granted:认为…理所当然; temperature-controlled:温度控制的; skilled:adj.熟练的;有技能的;需要技能的; care worker:n.(精神病人、残疾人、尤指住院治疗者的)护理员;
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| Of course, temperature-controlled environments and highly skilled health care workers are not available everywhere. |
当然, 温度受控环境和 高技能的医护人员 并非随处都有。 |
| If we were to approach R and D with the constraints of weaker health systems in mind, we might get creative and develop sooner, for instance, temperature-agnostic products |
如果我们在研发时 就考虑到卫生系统薄弱的限制, 就可能会变得有创意, 并更快地开发,例如, 不受温度影响的产品, |
| or products that can be taken as easily as a vitamin or long-lasting formulations instead of repeat doses. |
或者与维生素一样 容易服用的产品, 或者长效的配方, 而不是要重复服用的药剂。 |
| If we were able to produce and develop such simplified tools, it would have the added benefit of putting less strains on hospitals and health systems for both high- and low-income countries. |
如果我们能够开发并生产 这类简化的工具, 就能同时为高收入 和低收入国家 带来更多好处, 减轻医院和卫生系统的负担。 |
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approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式); creative:adj.创造性的; vitamin:n.维生素;维他命; long-lasting:adj.持续时间长的; formulations:构想,规划;[数]公式化;简洁陈述formulation的复数); simplified:v.简化; (simplify的过去式) strains:n.[微]菌株(strain复数); v.[力]拉紧;
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| Given the speed of the virus and the magnitude of the consequences we're facing, |
考虑到病毒传播的速度 和我们面临的严重后果, |
| I think we have to continue challenging ourselves to find the fastest way to make products to fight COVID and future pandemics accessible to all. |
我认为我们必须继续挑战自我, 以找到最快的方法,把针对 新冠病毒和未来流行病的产品 普及给所有人。 |
| In my perspective , unless the virus disappears , there are two ways this story ends. |
在我看来, 除非病毒消失, 否则这个故事会有两个结局。 |
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consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数); pandemics:大流行;流行病; perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; disappears:v.消失;不见;消亡;失踪;丢失;(disappear的第三人称单数)
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| Either the scales tip one way -- only some of us get access to the product and COVID remains a threat to all of us -- or we balance the scales, we all get access to the right weapons, and we all move on together. |
要么天平偏向于一方—— 我们中只有一部分人 接种到疫苗, 那么新冠病毒仍然会对 我们所有人构成威胁—— 或者我们平衡天平, 所有人都可以 使用到正确的武器, 齐头并进。 |
| Innovative R and D can't beat COVID alone, but innovative management of R and D might help. |
创新性研发无法 独自击败新冠病毒, 但是创新性的研发管理 可能会有所帮助。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢大家。 |
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scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数) tip:n.小窍门,小费;v.给…小费;使倾斜; Innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
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