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JoanHalifax_2010W-_慈悲心与感同身受的真正涵义_
I want to address the issue of compassion . 我想探讨慈悲心这个话题
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
Compassion has many faces. 慈悲心有很多形态
Some of them are fierce; some of them are wrathful; some of them are tender; some of them are wise. 有些是激烈的;有些是忿怒的 有些是温和的, 有些是智慧的
A line that the Dalai Lama once said, he said, "Love and compassion are necessities. 达赖喇嘛曾说过 他说:“爱与慈悲是必需品
Dalai Lama:n.达赖喇嘛(西藏佛教领袖,从前为西藏统治者);
They are not luxuries . 它们不是奢侈品
luxuries:n.奢侈的享受;奢华;奢侈品;(luxury的复数)
Without them, humanity cannot survive." 没有它们 人性无法留存。”
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
And I would suggest, it is not only humanity that won't survive, but it is all species on the planet, as we've heard today. 我想说的是 不仅人性难以保全 我们今天所知道的 地球上所有的物种都是
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
It is the big cats, and it's the plankton . 不论是大型猫科动物 还是浮游生物
plankton:n.浮游生物(总称);
Two weeks ago, I was in Bangalore in India. 两周前,我在印度的班加罗尔
I was so privileged to be able to teach in a hospice on the outskirts of Bangalore. 我很荣幸的 在班加罗尔的郊区 一个安养院教授临终关怀
privileged:adj.有特权的; v.给予特权; (privilege的过去式和过去分词) hospice:n.收容所;旅客招待所;救济院; outskirts:n.郊区;市郊;(市镇的)边缘地带;(outskirt的复数)
And early in the morning, 每天很早
I went into the ward . 我就去病房
ward:n.病房; v.防止;
In that hospice, there were 31 men and women who were actively dying. 在那家安养院 有31个人 处在濒死状态
And I walked up to the bedside of an old woman who was breathing very rapidly, fragile , obviously in the latter phase of active dying. 我走到 一个老年妇女的床前 她的呼吸非常急促而微弱 很明显 她处于濒死的末期
bedside:n.床边,床旁;adj.床旁的,枕边的; fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; latter:adj.后者的;近来的;后面的;较后的; phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做;
I looked into her face. 我看着她的脸
I looked into the face of her son sitting next to her, and his face was just riven with grief and confusion . 看着坐在她旁边 她儿子的脸 他的脸 溢满了悲伤和困惑
riven:v.撕裂(rive的过去分词); grief:n.悲痛;忧伤;不幸; confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘;
And I remembered a line from the Mahabharata, the great Indian epic : "What is the most wondrous thing in the world, Yudhisthira?" 我记得 摩诃婆罗多 伟大的印度史诗里有这么一段话: “尤帝士提尔,什么是这世上最美妙的事情？”
epic:adj.史诗的,叙事诗的;n.史诗;叙事诗;史诗般的作品; wondrous:adj.奇妙的;令人惊奇的;非常的;
And Yudhisthira replied, "The most wondrous thing in the world is that all around us people can be dying and we don't realize it can happen to us." 尤帝士提尔答道 “世上最美妙的事情 就是我们所有人 都将死去 而我们对此 却一无所知。”
I looked up. 我仰起头
Tending those 31 dying people were young women from villages around Bangalore. 照顾这31个濒死者的 是来自 班加罗尔周边村子的年轻女性
I looked into the face of one of these women, and I saw in her face the strength that arises when natural compassion is really present. 我看着她们的脸 在她们的脸上 我看到 慈悲显现时升起的力量
arises:v.出现;发生;站立;
I watched her hands as she bathed an old man. 我看着她的手 她在给一个老年男人沐浴
bathed:adj.沐浴的;淋漓的,湿透的;沉溺的;v.沐浴;(bath的过去分词);
My gaze went to another young woman as she wiped the face of another dying person. 我转头望向另一个年轻女子 她在擦拭 另一位临死的人的脸
gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视;
And it reminded me of something that I had just been present for. 这让我想起 我刚刚演讲提到的那些内容
reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式)
Every year or so, 差不多每一年
I have the privilege of taking some missions into the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau . 我由此荣幸身负使命 进入喜马拉雅地区和西藏高原
missions:n.任务; v.给…交代任务; (mission的复数) Tibetan:adj.西藏的;藏族的;n.西藏人;藏语; Plateau:n.高原; n.[地名][肯尼亚,美国]普拉托; n.(活动或进程中的)稳定阶段,停滞时期; adj.高原印第安人的;
And we run clinics in these very remote regions where there's no medical care whatsoever . 我们在每一个遥远的区域 开设诊所 那里没有医疗护理此类
clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式); remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) whatsoever:pron.无论什么;
And on the first day at Simikot in Humla, far west of Nepal, the most impoverished region of Nepal, an old man came in clutching a bundle of rags . 我们在胡姆拉的Simikot的头一天 在尼泊尔的最西端 全国最贫困的地区 一个抱着一堆破烂布片的老人 走进来
impoverished:adj.穷困的;用尽了的,无创造性的;v.使贫困(impoverish的过去分词); clutching:v.紧握;抱紧;抓紧(clutch的现在分词) bundle:n.包; v.匆匆送走; (成群地)匆忙赶往; rags:n.破布;抹布;
And he walked in, and somebody said something to him, we realized he was deaf, and we looked into the rags, and there was this pair of eyes. 他进了门,有人招呼他 然后我们发现他是耳聋 我们看看那堆布片 里头露出一双眼睛来
The rags were unwrapped from a little girl whose body was massively burned. 打开裹着的布片 是一个 重度烧伤的女孩
unwrapped:adj.解缠的;v.打开(unwrap的过去分词); massively:adv.大量地;沉重地;庄严地;
Again, the eyes and hands of Avalokiteshvara. 再一次 观世音的 眼睛和慈悲之手显现
It was the young women, the health aids, who cleaned the wounds of this baby and dressed the wounds. 也就是那些年轻女性,援助者 清理孩子的伤口 并包扎上
wounds:n.(身体上的)伤,伤口; v.使(身体)受伤; (wound的第三人称单数和复数)
I know those hands and eyes; they touched me as well. 我认识那些手和眼睛 它们也曾经抚慰过我
They touched me at that time. 它们在过去抚慰过我
They have touched me throughout my 68 years. 在我68年生命中抚慰了我
throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
They touched me when I was four and I lost my eyesight and was partially paralyzed . 在我四岁失去视力 几乎瘫痪的时候 它们抚慰了我
eyesight:n.视力;目力; partially:adv.部分地;偏袒地; paralyzed:adj.瘫痪的;麻痹的;v.使麻痹;使无力;使失去勇气(paralyze的过去分词);
And my family brought in a woman whose mother had been a slave to take care of me. 我的家人带来 一个女人,她的母亲曾经是个奴隶 她照顾我
And that woman did not have sentimental compassion. 这个女人 并没有感性的慈悲心
sentimental:adj.伤感的;多愁善感的;感情用事的;寓有情感的;
She had phenomenal strength. 她有的是非凡的力量
phenomenal:adj.现象的;显著的;异常的;能知觉的;惊人的,非凡的;
And it was really her strength, I believe, that became the kind of mudur and premature that has been a guiding light in my life. 我相信,是她的力量 成为一种启发与指引 是我生命中的指明灯
premature:adj.早产的;不成熟的;比预期早的;n.早产儿;过早发生的事物;
So we can ask: 我们问道:
What is compassion comprised of? 慈悲是什么构成的？
comprised:v.包含(comprise的过去分词);由…组成;
And there are various facets . 答案包含很多方面
facets:n.面状,[材]刻面;切面或瓣面(facet的复数形式);
And there's referential and non-referential compassion. 有指代性的和非指代性的
But first, compassion is comprised of that capacity to see clearly into the nature of suffering. 但首先,慈悲是 透彻观照 苦难之存在的 能力构成
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
It is that ability to really stand strong and to recognize also that I'm not separate from this suffering. 这种能力 让我们保持坚强 并让我们意识到 我是这苦难的一部分
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
But that is not enough, because compassion, which activates the motor cortex , means that we aspire , we actually aspire to transform suffering. 但这不够 因为慈悲心 激发运动皮质层 也就是说我们受到激励 被激励着去化解苦难
activates:v.[电子][物]激活;活化(activate的三单形式); cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮; aspire:v.渴望(成就);有志(成为); transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
And if we're so blessed , we engage in activities that transform suffering. 如果我们足够幸运的话 我们从事的活动 能化解苦难
blessed:adj.神圣的; v.求上帝降福于; (bless的过去分词和过去式) engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
But compassion has another component , and that component is really essential . 但慈悲心有另一个组成部分 这个部分非常重要
component:n.成分;部件;组成部分;adj.构成的; essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的;
That component is that we cannot be attached to outcome . 这就是 我们不应该耽于结果
attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式) outcome:n.结果,结局;成果;
Now I worked with dying people for over 40 years. 如今,我已为 临死的人们工作了40余年
I had the privilege of working on death row in a maximum security for six years. 我曾有幸 在最大限度安全保证下 为死刑犯工作了六个年头
death row:n.死囚牢房;死囚区; maximum:n.最大限度;最大量;最高限度;adj.最高的;最多的;最大极限的;
And I realized so clearly in bringing my own life experience, from working with dying people and training caregivers , that any attachment to outcome would distort deeply my own capacity to be fully present to the whole catastrophe . 我清楚的认识到 在我的个人生活经历中 为临死之人工作 以及培训护理者的个人生活中 任何耽于结果的感情 只会深深影响 我自己的 面对大苦难的能力
caregivers:n.照顾者;看护人(caregiver的复数); attachment:n.附件;依恋;连接物;扣押财产; distort:v.使变形;扭曲;使失真;歪曲; catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败;
And when I worked in the prison system, it was so clear to me, this: that many of us in this room, and almost all of the men that I worked with on death row, the seeds of their own compassion had never been watered. 在我为监狱系统工作时 我很清楚: 这个屋子里 很多人 还有几乎所有与我一起为死刑犯共事过的人 他们的慈悲之火种从未被扑灭
That compassion is actually an inherent human quality. 这种慈悲 是人类内在的特质
inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的;
It is there within every human being. 存在于每个人之中
But the conditions for compassion to be activated , to be aroused , are particular conditions. 但慈悲 被触发 被鼓励的条件 都是特殊情况
activated:v.使活动;激活;使活化;(activate的过去式和过去分词) aroused:v.激起,引起;激起性欲;使行动起来;激发(arouse的过去分词和过去式)
I had that condition, to a certain extent , from my own childhood illness. 某种程度上,我是 深深受幼时疾患的影响
to a certain extent:在一定程度上;在某种程度上; childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期
Eve Ensler, whom you'll hear later, has had that condition activated amazingly in her through the various waters of suffering that she has been through. 伊娃?恩斯勒,一会儿她会演讲 她是受她 经历过的 汪洋般的苦难 所激发的
And what is fascinating is that compassion has enemies, and those enemies are things like pity, moral outrage , fear. 神奇的是 慈悲是有敌人的 那些敌人是怜悯 道德公愤 恐惧
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; outrage:n.愤怒,愤慨;暴行;侮辱;vt.凌辱,强奸;对…施暴行;激起愤怒;
And you know, we have a society, a world, that is paralyzed by fear. 你知道,我们的社会,这个世界 已经在恐惧中麻痹
And in that paralysis , of course, our capacity for compassion is also paralyzed. 当然在这麻痹之中 我们的慈悲心 也受到麻痹
paralysis:n.麻痹;无力;停顿;
The very word terror is global . 恐怖 是全球性的
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
The very feeling of terror is global. 这种恐怖感是全球性的
So our work, in a certain way, is to address this imago , this kind of archetype that has pervaded the psyche of our entire globe. 某种程度上我们的工作 是要阐明这种意象 这种原型 这已经毒害了 整个世界的心灵
imago:n.[昆]成虫;无意识的意象; archetype:n.原型; pervaded:vt.遍及;弥漫; psyche:n.灵魂;心智;
Now we know from neuroscience that compassion has some very extraordinary qualities. 我们从神经科学得知 慈悲 有些非凡的特性
neuroscience:n.神经系统科学(指神经病学,神经化学等); extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
For example: 比如:
A person who is cultivating compassion, when they are in the presence of suffering, they feel that suffering a lot more than many other people do. 一个人正在修习慈悲 当他们身处苦难存在之处 他们觉得 比别人受难更多
cultivating:v.培养(cultivate的现在分词); in the presence of:在…面前;有某人在场;
However, they return to baseline a lot sooner. 然而 他们能很快恢复常态
baseline:n.基线;底线;
This is called resilience . 这是弹性
resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力;
Many of us think that compassion drains us, but I promise you it is something that truly enlivens us. 很多人认为慈悲会让自己枯竭 但我保证 它是真正启发我们的东西
drains:n.排水沟(drain的复数);吸血;v.放出,排出(drain的第三人称单数); enlivens:vt.使活泼;使生动;使有生气,使活跃;
Another thing about compassion is that it really enhances what's called neural integration . 另一个特性是 它可以增强神经整合
enhances:提高(enhance的第三人称单数); neural:adj.神经的;神经系统的;背的;神经中枢的; integration:n.集成;综合;
It hooks up all parts of the brain. 它使脑部的每个部分都联接起来
hooks:n.钩子;[机]挂钩(hook的复数);v.[机]钩;钓(hook的第三人称单数);
Another, which has been discovered by various researchers at Emory and at Davis and so on, is that compassion enhances our immune system . 另外,埃默里和戴维斯 和其他一些研究者 发现了 慈悲会增强免疫力
immune system:n.免疫系统;
Hey, we live in a very noxious world. 嗨 我们生活在充满毒素的世界
noxious:adj.有害的;有毒的;败坏道德的;讨厌的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Most of us are shrinking in the face of psycho-social and physical poisons, of the toxins of our world. 我们很多人 经历这个世界上的心理社会性的或肉体上的毒害 于是渐渐凋零
shrinking:v.(使)缩水,收缩,缩小,退缩;(shrink的现在分词) in the face of:面对; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; toxins:n.[毒物]毒素,毒质;毒素类(toxin的复数);
But compassion, the generation of compassion, actually mobilizes our immunity . 但慈悲,慈悲的产物 却可以 促进免疫能力
mobilizes:vt.动员,调动;集合,组织;使…流通;使…松动;vi.组织;动员起来; immunity:n.免疫力;豁免权;免除;
You know, if compassion is so good for us, 如你所知,如果慈悲是有益的
I have a question. 我有个问题
Why don't we train our children in compassion? 为什么我们不以慈悲 教育我们的后代？
(Applause) （鼓掌）
If compassion is so good for us, why don't we train our health care providers in compassion so that they can do what they're supposed to do, which is to really transform suffering? 如果慈悲有益 为什么我们不以慈悲培训保健服务的提供者 这样他们各尽其职 去真正化解痛苦？
health care:n.卫生保健; providers:n.供应者;提供者;供养人;(provider的复数) supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
And if compassion is so good for us, why don't we vote on compassion? 如果慈悲有益 为什么我们不为慈悲投上一票？
Why don't we vote for people in our government based on compassion? 为什么我们不投票给政府里 以慈悲为政的人
So that we can have a more caring world. 这样我们可以有一个 更关爱的世界
In Buddhism , we say, "it takes a strong back and a soft front." 佛教里 我们说“强健于背而怀柔于胸”
Buddhism:n.佛教;
It takes tremendous strength of the back to uphold yourself in the midst of conditions. 强大的力量 才能在各种状况下支撑你
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; uphold:v.支撑;鼓励;赞成;举起; midst:n.当中,中间;prep.在…中间(等于amidst);
And that is the mental quality of equanimity . 这是精神上的禅定
equanimity:n.平静;镇定;
But it also takes a soft front -- the capacity to really be open to the world as it is, to have an undefended heart. 但你也需要有个温柔的心 以如实地接受和拥抱这个世界 不去设防
undefended:adj.无防备的;[法]无辩护人的;无论据证实的;
And the archetype of this in Buddhism is Avalokiteshvara, Kuan-Yin. 这在佛教中的原型 就是千手观音
It's a female archetype: she who perceives the cries of suffering in the world. 这是个女性原型 她感知 整个世界苦难的哭喊
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; perceives:vt.察觉,感觉;理解;认知;vi.感到,感知;认识到;
She stands with 10,000 arms, and in every hand, there is an instrument of liberation , and in the palm of every hand, there are eyes, and these are the eyes of wisdom . 她有一万个手臂 每个手上 都持有一件法器 每个手掌上都是眼睛 它们都是慧眼
instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械; liberation:n.释放,解放; palm:n.手掌;手心;棕榈树;v.把…藏在手中(尤指玩戏法); wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问;
I say that, for thousands of years, women have lived, exemplified , met in intimacy , the archetype of Avalokitesvara, of Kuan-Yin, she who perceives the cries of suffering in the world. 我说,在上千年的时间长河里 女性与观音 有着密切的关系 她们是在世的观音 是观音的具现 观音感知 世上苦难的哭喊
exemplified:v.举例说明;例证;例示;(exemplify的过去式和过去分词) intimacy:n.亲密;密切;关系密切;性行为;
Women have manifested for thousands of years the strength arising from compassion in an unfiltered , unmediated way in perceiving suffering as it is. 女性已经在数千年里 体现这种来自慈悲的力量 并且是一种自然直接的方式 去如实地 感知苦难
manifested:adj.证明的;已显示的;显然的;v.显示;证明(manifest的过去分词); arising:出现;产生; unfiltered:adj.未滤过的; unmediated:adj.无中介的;未经调停的; perceiving:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为;(perceive的现在分词)
They have infused societies with kindness, and we have really felt that as woman after woman has stood on this stage in the past day and a half. 她们让世界充满善 我们也确实 在这一天半的时间里 通过演讲过的每一个女性 感受到了这一点
infused:灌输;
And they have actualized compassion through direct action . 她们通过直接行动 具化了慈悲
actualized:现行的;实现,实施(actualize的过去式和过去分词); direct action:直接传动;
Jody Williams called it: 茱蒂·威廉斯说:
It's good to meditate . 冥思有益
meditate:vt.考虑;计划;企图;vi.冥想;沉思;
I'm sorry, you've got to do a little bit of that, Jody. 不好意思,你是不是该这么做做了,茱蒂
Step back, give your mother a break, okay. 等等,让我喘口气再说
(Laughter) （笑声）
But the other side of the equation is you've got to come out of your cave. 但是公式的另一半 是你必须走出自己的洞穴
equation:n.方程式,等式;相等;[化学]反应式;
You have to come into the world like Asanga did, who was looking to realize Maitreya Buddha after 12 years sitting in the cave. 融入这个世界 如同无著（印度古代高僧） 它跟着弥勒菩萨修行 在洞穴里坐了12年
Buddha:n.佛陀;佛像;
He said, "I'm out of here." 他说“我得走出这里”
He's going down the path. 他走到小路上
He sees something in the path. 看见了路上有什么
He looks, it's a dog, he drops to his knees. 他定睛一看,是条狗,他跪了下来
He sees that the dog has this big wound on its leg. 看见狗的腿上有个大伤口
The wound is just filled with maggots . 里头化脓生蛆
maggots:n.蛆虫(maggot的复数);
He puts out his tongue in order to remove the maggots, so as not to harm them. 他用舌头 弄出蛆 以免伤害到它们
And at that moment, the dog transformed into the Buddha of love and kindness. 那一刻 狗幻化成 爱与善的佛
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式)
I believe that women and girls today have to partner in a powerful way with men -- with their fathers, with their sons, with their brothers, with the plumbers , the road builders , the caregivers, the doctors, the lawyers, with our president, and with all beings. 我相信 今天的女人和女孩子 要和男性成为伙伴 和她们的父亲 她们的儿子,兄弟 和水管工,修路工人 和护理人员,医生,律师 和我们的总统 和所有一切
plumbers:n.水管工(plumber的复数);v.弄糟(plumber的单数第三人称); builders:n.[建]施工人员(builder的复数);生成器;
The women in this room are lotuses in a sea of fire. 这个屋子里的女性 是浴火而生的莲花
lotuses:n.荷花;白睡莲;(lotus的复数)
May we actualize that capacity for women everywhere. 让我们愿女性的力量 在世界每一个角落实现
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （鼓掌）