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JoachimdePosada_2009U-_先别急着吃棉花糖_
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I'm here because I have a very important message. |
我今天来这里是要传递一个非常重要的信息。 |
I think we have found the most important factor for success. |
我认为我们已经发现了 走向成功最重要的因素。 |
factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入;
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And it was found close to here, Stanford. |
而这一成果就是在离这不远的斯坦福大学里发现的。 |
Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by themselves. |
心理学教授找来一些四岁大的幼童 把孩子自己留在一个房间里。 |
Psychology:n.心理学;心理状态;
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And he would tell the child, a four year old kid, "Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow , for 15 minutes. |
然后他告诉四岁的孩子, “强尼,我要给你一颗棉花糖, 给你十五分钟。 |
I am going to:我将要做什么事情 marshmallow:n.棉花糖;蜀葵糖剂;药蜀葵;
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If after I come back this marshmallow is here, you will get another one. So you will have two." |
如果我回来的时候这颗棉花糖还在这儿, 你会再得到一颗。这样你就有两颗了。” |
To tell a four year old kid to wait 15 minutes for something that they like, is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours." |
告诉一个四岁的小孩要等十五分钟 才能享受他所喜欢的东西, 就如同告诉我们大人,“我们两小时后会给你送咖啡来。” |
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
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(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
Exact equivalent. |
这是完全一样的事。 |
So what happened when the professor left the room? |
那么当教授离开后,房间里发生了什么事呢? |
As soon as the door closed... |
门关上之后... |
As soon as:一…就;
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two out of three ate the marshmallow. |
三分之二的小孩把棉花糖吃了。 |
Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes. |
五秒,十秒,四十秒,五十秒, 两分钟,四分钟,八分钟。 |
Some lasted 14 and a half minutes. |
有些孩子坚持了十四分半。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
Couldn't do it. Could not wait. |
沒办法不吃。等不了。 |
What's interesting is that one out of three would look at the marshmallow and go like this ... |
有趣的是,有三分之一的小孩 看着棉花糖,像这个样子... |
Would look at it. |
盯着它。 |
Put it back. |
将它放回去。 |
They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants. |
他们会走来走去。他们会玩他们的裙子或裤子。 |
That child already, at four, understood the most important principle for success. |
这个孩子,尽管才四岁,就已经懂得 成功最重要的原则。 |
principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉;
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Which is the ability to delay gratification . |
这就是「推迟享受」的能力。 |
gratification:n.满意;喜悦;使人满意之事;
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Self discipline , the most important factor for success. |
自律, 成功最重要的因素。 |
discipline:n.纪律;训练;自制力;风纪;v.训练;管教;惩罚;处罚;
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15 years later, 14 or 15 years later, follow-up study. |
十五年后,十四到十五年后, 再做后续研究。 |
follow-up:adj.后续的;增补的;n.随访;跟进;后续行动;
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What did they find? |
他们发现了什么呢? |
They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19. |
研究人员找到这些已经是十八、十九岁的小孩们。 |
And they found that 100 percent of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. |
他们发现百分之百 沒有吃棉花糖的小孩全部都很成功。 |
They had good grades. They were doing wonderful. |
他们学习成绩很好。人生发展得非常好。 |
They were happy. They had their plans. |
他们都很快乐。对未来都有自己的规划。 |
They had good relationships with the teachers, students. |
他们和老师同学关系都很好。 |
They were doing fine. |
他们都生活得很好。 |
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow, they were in trouble. |
而吃了棉花糖的小孩中有很大一部份, 都有些问题。 |
percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成;
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They did not make it to university. |
他们沒考上大学。 |
They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out. |
成绩不佳,有些缀学了。 |
A few were still there with bad grades. |
另外一些虽然还在念书,但成绩很差。 |
A few had good grades. |
只有少数人成绩不错。 |
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids react the same way as the American kids? |
我当时有一个想法:西班牙语系国家的儿童 跟美国儿童的反应会是相同的吗? |
Hispanic:adj.西班牙的; react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应;
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So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment. |
所以我到哥伦比亚去了。我重复了这个试验。 |
reproduced:v.重现(reproduce的过去分词);再生产;生育;adj.再生的;重制的;
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And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids. |
结果非常有意思。我找了四、五、六岁年龄不等的孩子。 |
And let me show you what happened. |
现在我给你们看看当时的情况。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
So what happened in Colombia? |
那么在哥伦比亚发生了什么呢? |
Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow. |
这些小孩,三分之二吃了棉花糖。 |
One out of three did not. |
三分之一沒有吃。 |
This little girl was interesting. |
这个小女孩非常有趣。 |
She ate the inside of the marshmallow. |
她把棉花糖的芯吃了。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two. |
也就是说,她希望我们以为她沒有吃,这样她就可以得到两颗。 |
But she ate it. |
但她确实吃了。 |
So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her. |
所以我们知道她将会成功,但是必须有人监督她。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
She should not go into banking, for example, or work at a cash register . |
比如说,她不应该去银行业上班, 或者做收银员工作。 |
cash register:n.现金收入记录机;现金出纳机;
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But she will be successful. |
但是她将会成功。 |
And this applies for everything. Even in sales. |
这能应用到很多事情上。甚至在销售上。 |
applies:v.适用;申请;运用;专心;(apply的第三人称单数)
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The sales person that -- |
比如一个推销员-- |
The customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are." |
当客戶說,“我要那个。”这个推销员就说,“好的,给你。” |
That person ate the marshmallow. |
这个推销员当初一定吃了棉花糖。 |
If the sales person says, "Wait a second. |
如果这个推销员说,“请等一下, |
Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice." |
让我问您一些问题,看看这是不是个好的选择。” |
Then you sell a lot more. |
那样就可以卖更多的东西。 |
So this has applications in all walks of life. |
所以这能应用在生活的各个方面。 |
I end with -- the Koreans did this. |
我现在收尾 -- 讲讲韩国人的做法。 |
You know what? This is so good that we want a marshmallow book for children. |
你们猜怎么着?这个试验太好了 我们想要一本有关棉花糖的儿童书。 |
We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea. |
我们就为儿童出了一本书。现在这本书风靡全韩国。 |
They are teaching these kids exactly this principle. |
韩国人教给孩子们的就是这个道理。 |
And we need to learn that principle here in the States. |
在美国我们也需要懂得这个道理。 |
Because we have a big debt . |
因为我们欠了一屁股的债。 |
debt:n.债务;借款;罪过;
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We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing. |
我们吃的棉花糖要比我们生产的多。 |
marshmallows:n.棉花糖(marshmallow的复数);药属葵蜜饯;
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Thank you so much. |
非常感谢大家。 |