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JimYongKim_2017-_每个人都应有生活得更好的机会_
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| I just want to share with you what I have been experiencing over the last five years in having the great privilege of traveling to many of the poorest countries in the world. |
想与你们分享 在过去的五年中 有幸去到 许多贫困国家的经历 在各地都可以见到这一幕 |
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privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免;
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| This scene is one I see all the time everywhere, and these young children are looking at a smartphone , and the smartphone is having a huge impact in even the poorest countries . |
这些年幼的孩子 正盯着一部智能手机 即使是在最贫困的国家中,智能手机也有极大的影响力 |
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smartphone:n.智能手机;
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| I said to my team, you know, what I see is a rise in aspirations all over the world. |
我对我的团队说,你们知道吗？ 我看到的是世界各地愈发强烈的愿望 |
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aspirations:n.愿望;
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| In fact, it seems to me that there's a convergence of aspirations. |
实际上,在我看来,人们的愿望正在趋于统一 |
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convergence:n.[数]收敛;会聚,集合;
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| And I asked a team of economists to actually look into this. |
我与一众经济学家仔细研究了这一现象 |
| Is this true? |
这是事实吗？ |
| Are aspirations converging all around the world? |
世界各地的愿望正在统一？ |
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converging:n.合并,会聚;adj.会聚的,收敛;v.聚合,集中于一点(converge的现在分词);
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| So they looked at things like Gallup polls about satisfaction in life and what they learned was that if you have access to the internet, your satisfaction goes up. |
因此,他们安排了类似盖洛普民意测验的测试来调查人们的生活满意度 研究发现,如果可以访问互联网 人们的满意度就会有所提高 |
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Gallup:vi.进行民意测验;vt.对…进行民意测验; polls:n.民意调查; v.对…进行民意测验,使投票(poll的单三形式); satisfaction:n.满意,满足;赔偿;乐事;赎罪;
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| But another thing happens that's very important: your reference income, the income to which you compare your own, also goes up. |
与此同时,另一件重要的事情是: 你的参考收入 与你自身收入相对比的收入 也在提高 |
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reference:n.参考,提及;参考书目;证明书;v.引用; compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较;
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| Now, if the reference income of a nation, for example,goes up 10 percent by comparing themselves to the outside,then on average, people's own incomes have to go up at least five percent to maintain the same level of satisfaction. |
如果一个国家的参考收入 相比于外界提高了10% 那么人均收入至少要提高5% 才能维持同样的满意度 |
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comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词) maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见);
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| But when you get down into the lower percentiles of income, your income has to go up much more if the reference income goes up 10 percent, something like 20 percent. |
不过,当你的收入较低时 你的收入需要提高更多 当参考收入提高10%时 你的收入可能需要提高20% |
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percentiles:n.百分位数(值); adj.百分比的; (percentile的复数);
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| And so with this rise of aspirations, the fundamental question is: |
随着人们愿望加强 根本问题在于 |
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fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
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| Are we going to have a situation where aspirations are linked to opportunity and you get dynamism and economic growth, like that which happened in the country I was born in, in Korea? |
我们是否能提供一个大环境 愿望与机遇并存 是否能充满活力,维持经济增长 就像我的祖国那样,像在韩国？ |
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dynamism:n.活力;动态;物力论;推动力;精神动力作用; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
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| Or are aspirations going to meet frustration ? |
或者说,愿望是否会受挫？ |
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frustration:n.挫折;
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| This is a real concern , because between 2012 and 2015, terrorism incidents increased by 74 percent. |
这是我所关心的。 在2012至2015年期间 恐怖袭击事件增加了74% |
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concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事; terrorism:n.恐怖主义;
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| The number of deaths from terrorism went up 150 percent. |
受害人数上升了150% |
| Right now, two billion people live in conditions of fragility , conflict , violence , and by 2030, more than 60 percent of the world's poor will live in these situations of fragility , conflict and violence. |
现在,有二十亿人口 生活在支离破碎,充满暴力的环境中 直至2030年,全球将有超过60%的贫困人民 生活于这样的水深火热之中 |
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fragility:n.脆弱;[力]易碎性;虚弱; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
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| And so what do we do about meeting these aspirations? |
我们怎么做才能实现这些愿望？ |
| Are there new ways of thinking about how we can rise to meet these aspirations? |
是否有新的思维方式 指引我们如何提高以实现愿望？ |
| Because if we don't,I'm extremely worried. |
如果不这样做,我十分担心 |
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extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地;
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| Aspirations are rising as never before because of access to the internet. |
因为互联网的普及,愿望的增强前所未有 |
| Everyone knows how everyone else lives. |
每个人都知道其他人是怎样生活的 |
| Has our ability to meet those aspirations risen as well? |
我们的能力是否足以满足这些愿望 即使它们愈发强烈？ |
| And just to get at the details of this, |
为了了解更多的细节 |
| I want to share with you my own personal story. |
我想和你们分享我自己的故事 |
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personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
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| This is not my mother, but during the Korean War, my mother literally took her own sister,her younger sister, on her back, and walked at least part of the way to escape Seoul during the Korean War. |
这不是我的母亲 但在朝鲜战争期间 我的母亲也是这样带着她的妹妹,背着她 至少走了一长段路 逃离首尔 |
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Korean:n.朝鲜族;韩国人;朝鲜话;adj.朝鲜的;朝鲜族的;朝鲜话的; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: Seoul:n.[城]首尔;
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| Now, through a series of miracles , my mother and father both got scholarships to go to New York City. |
经过一系列奇迹 我的父母都获得了去纽约的奖学金 |
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series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; miracles:n.奇迹;奇人;不平凡的事;(miracle的复数) scholarships:n.奖学金;学问;学术;学术研究;(scholarship的复数)
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| They actually met in New York City and got married in New York City. |
他们在纽约相遇,结婚 |
| My father, too, was a refugee . |
我的父亲也是一名难民 |
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refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的;
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| At the age of 19, he left his family in the northern part of the country, escaped through the border and never saw his family again. |
19岁那年,他离开了朝鲜的家 逃离了边境 再也没有见过他的家人 |
| Now, when they were married and living in New York, my father was a waiter at Patricia Murphy's restaurant. |
他们在纽约结婚并定居 我的父亲曾是帕特丽夏·墨菲酒店的服务员 |
| Their aspirations went up. |
他们有着伟大的梦想 |
| They understood what it was like to live in a place like New York City in the 1950s. |
他们知道在纽约这样的城市的生活是怎样的 即使是在20世纪50年代 |
| Well, my brother was born and they came back to Korea, and we had what I remember as kind of an idyllic life, but what was happening in Korea at that time |
我的哥哥出生后,他们回到了韩国 我们开始了记忆中的田园生活 但那时的韩国是怎样的 |
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idyllic:牧歌的;田园诗的;悠闲的;
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| was the country was one of the poorest in the world and there was political upheaval . |
它是世上最贫困的国家之一 并且政治动荡 |
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upheaval:n.剧变;隆起;举起;
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| There were demonstrations just down the street from our house all the time, students protesting against the military government. |
我家门前的街道常年有示威游行 学生们和军阀政府水火不容 |
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demonstrations:n.示范,展示(demonstration复数); protesting:v.(公开)反对;抗议;坚决地表示;申辩;(protest的现在分词) military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
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| And at the time, the aspirations of the World Bank Group, the organization I lead now,were extremely low for Korea. |
那时 世界银行集团, 我现在所领导的这一机构,对韩国抱有极低的期望 |
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World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构); organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
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| Their idea was that Korea would find it difficult without foreign aid to provide its people with more than the bare necessities of life. |
他们认为,没有外国援助 韩国将很难维持它的子民的基本生活 |
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bare:adj.空的;赤裸的,无遮蔽的;v.露出,使赤裸;
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| So the situation is Korea is in a tough position, my parents have seen what life is like in the United States. |
韩国正处于水深火热中 而我的父母已经见过了美国的生活是怎样的 |
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United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
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| They got married there.My brother was born there. |
他们在那里结婚,我的哥哥在那里出生 |
| And they felt that in order to give us an opportunity to reach their aspirations for us, we had to go and come back to the United States. |
他们意识到, 为了给我们提供实现梦想的机会 我们必须离开,回到美国 |
| Now, we came back. |
现在,我们回来了 |
| First we went to Dallas . |
最初,我们去到了达拉斯 |
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Dallas:n.达拉斯(美国城市);
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| My father did his dental degree all over again. |
在那里,我的父亲重新考取了牙医学士学位 |
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dental:n.牙医;[语]齿音;;adj.牙齿的;牙科的;齿音的;
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| And then we ended up moving to Iowa, of all places. |
之后我们搬去了爱荷华州 |
| We grew up in Iowa. |
我在那儿长大 |
| And in Iowa, we went through the whole course. |
我在爱荷华州完成了所有课程的学习 |
| I went to high school, I went to college. |
高中,大学 |
| And then one day,something that I'll never forget, my father picked me up after my sophomore year in college, and he was driving me home, and he said, "Jim,what are your aspirations? |
有一天,我想我永不会忘记 我的父亲接到我,那时大二刚结束 他载我回家 他问我:“Jim,你的梦想是什么？ |
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sophomore:n.(大学)二年级学生:(高中)二年级学生:
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| What do you want to study?What do you want to do?" |
你想学什么？又想做些什么？” |
| And I said, "Dad," — |
我回答到:“爸爸......” |
| My mother actually was a philosopher , and had filled us with ideas about protest and social justice , and I said, "Dad, I'm going to study political science and philosophy , and I'm going to become part of a political movement." |
我的母亲是一名哲学家 她向我们传递了很多抗议和社会公正的观点 我说:“父亲,我想学政治科学与哲学 我想参与政治活动” |
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philosopher:n.哲学家;深思的人;善于思考的人; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; political science:n.政治学; philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观;
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| My father, the Korean dentist, slowly pulled the car over to the side of the road — |
我的父亲,一位韩国牙医 慢慢地把车停在了路边 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| He looked back at me, and he said, "Jim, you finish your medical residency ,you can study anything you want." |
他转过头来看着我说: “Jim,你修完住院医师的课程后,你可以学任何你想学的” |
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residency:n.住处;住院医生实习期;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Now, I've told this story to a mostly Asian audience before. |
我向很多亚洲观众讲过这个故事 |
| Nobody laughs. They just shake their head. |
没有人笑,他们只是摇摇头 |
| Of course. |
当然了 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| So, tragically ,my father died at a young age, 30 years ago at the age of 57, what happens to be how old I am right now, and when he died in the middle of my medical and graduate studies — |
不幸的是,我父亲很年轻时就去世了 30年前,他年仅57岁 到了我现在这个年龄会发生什么 他在我学医的研究生期间去世了 |
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tragically:adv.悲剧地;悲惨地;
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| You see, I actually got around it by doing medicine and anthropology . |
你们看,我确乎通过学习医学和人类学实现了它 |
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anthropology:n.人类学;人类学家;
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| I studied both of them in graduate school . |
我在研究生期间学习了它们 |
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graduate school:研究所,研究院;
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| But then right about that time,I met these two people, |
在那个时候,我遇到了这两个人 |
| And Paul and I were in the same program. |
Paul和我在同一个团队里 |
| We were studying medicine and at the same time getting our PhD's in anthropology. |
我们一起学了医学 并同时获得了人类学的博士学位 |
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at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
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| And we began to ask some pretty fundamental questions. |
我们开始探讨一些根本问题 |
| For people who have the great privilege of studying medicine and anthropology — |
对那些有幸学习医学和人类学的人而言 |
| I had come from parents who were refugees . |
我的父母都是难民 |
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refugees:n.避难者;逃亡者;难民;(refugee的复数)
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| Paul grew up literally in a bus in a swamp in Florida. |
Paul在佛罗里达州的一片沼泽地里的一辆公共汽车上长大 |
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swamp:v.淹没;使不堪承受;使疲于应对;使应接不暇;n.沼泽(地);
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| He liked to call himself "white trash ." |
他喜欢称自己为“白色垃圾” |
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trash:n.垃圾;废物;v.丢弃;修剪树枝;
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| And so we had this opportunity and we said, what is it that we need to do? |
我们有了这次机会 我们想 我们需要做些什么 |
| Given our ridiculously elaborate educations, what is the nature of our responsibility to the world? |
我们接受了荒谬的精英教育 那我们对社会所需承担的责任的本质是什么？ |
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ridiculously:adv.可笑地;荒谬地; elaborate:adj.精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的;v.精心制作;详细描述;变复杂;
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| And we decided that we needed to start an organization. |
我们决定组建一个组织 |
| It's called Partners in Health. |
它被称为健康伙伴 |
| And by the way ,there's a movie made about that. |
顺便说说,有一部电影以它为原型展开 |
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by the way:顺便说一下;
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| There's a movie that was just a brilliant movie they made about it called "Bending the Arc ." |
他们拍摄了一部很精彩的电影 叫做《Bending the Arc》 |
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Arc:n.弧;弧形;弓形;v.作弧形运动;
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| It launched at Sundance this past January. |
一月在圣丹斯国际电影节上映 |
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launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词)
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| Jeff Skoll is here. |
Jeff Skoll就在这里 |
| Jeff is one of the ones who made it happen. |
Jeff是促成其发生的人员之一 |
| And we began to think about what it would take for us to actually have our aspirations reach the level of some of the poorest communities in the world. |
之后,我们开始思考 我们究竟想做什么？ 对于世界上那些 最贫穷的社区而言 |
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communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
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| This is my very first visit to Haiti in 1988, and in 1988, we elaborated a sort of mission statement , which is we are going to make a preferential option for the poor in health. |
这是1988年我第一次访问海地 1988年,我们制定了一个使命宣言 表明我们将会进行穷人优先的抉择 在医疗健康上 |
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Haiti:n.海地; elaborated:详尽的; v.详细地说明(elaborate的过去式和过去分词); mission statement:n.(公司或组织的)宗旨说明; preferential:adj.优先的;选择的;特惠的;先取的; option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
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| Now, it took us a long time, and we were graduate students in anthropology. |
现在,经过了很长时间,我们攻读完人类学的研究生 |
| We were reading up one side of Marx and down the other. |
我们了解了马克思的一面,也进行了延伸阅读 |
| Habermas. Fernand Braudel. |
哈贝马斯,费尔南·布罗代尔 |
| We were reading everything and we had to come to a conclusion of how are we going to structure our work? |
我们读尽每一本书 我们必须得出结论,我们将如何安排我们的工作？ |
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conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
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| So "O for the P," we called it, a preferential option for the poor. |
“O for the P”,我们这样称呼它 穷人优先 |
| The most important thing about a preferential option for the poor is what it's not. |
穷人优先最重要的一点在于 它不是 |
| It's not a preferential option for your own sense of heroism . |
不是以你的个人英雄主义优先 |
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heroism:n.英勇,英雄气概;英雄行为;勇敢的事迹;
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| It's not a preferential option for your own idea about how to lift the poor out of poverty . |
不是以你自己如何帮助穷人 脱贫的想法优先 |
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poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
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| It's not a preferential option for your own organization. |
不是以您自己的组织优先 |
| And the hardest of all, it's not a preferential option for your poor. |
最重要的是 不是以你们的贫穷优先 |
| It's a preferential option for the poor. |
它是以穷人们优先 |
| So what do you do? |
那么,你会做些什么？ |
| Well, Haiti, we started building — |
我们开始建设海地 |
| Everyone told us, the cost-effective thing is just focus on vaccination and maybe a feeding program. |
每个人都告诉我们,为了节约成本 我们可以专注于疫苗接种或是供膳计划 |
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cost-effective:adj.划算的;成本效益好的(等于cost-efficient); vaccination:n.接种疫苗;种痘;
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| But what the Haitians wanted was a hospital. |
但海地想要的是一所医院 |
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Haitians:n.海地人(Haitian的复数);
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| They wanted schools. |
是学校 |
| They wanted to provide their children with the opportunities that they'd been hearing about from others, relatives , for example,who had gone to the United States. |
是为孩子提供他们所听到的学习机会 从其它人,亲戚 那些去过美国的人那儿听到的机会 |
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relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数)
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| They wanted the same kinds of opportunities as my parents did. |
他们想要和我父母一样的机会 |
| I recognized them. |
我了解他们 |
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recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式)
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| And so that's what we did.We built hospitals. |
所以我们做了这些,我们修建了学校 |
| We provided education. |
提供教育 |
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provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
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| And we did everything we could to try to give them opportunities. |
我们竭尽全力为他们提供机会 |
| Now, my experience really became intense at Partners in Health in this community , Carabayllo, in the northern slums of Lima , Peru. |
我的感受越来越强烈 这一社区的健康伙伴,在卡拉瓦伊略区 在秘鲁利马北部的贫民窟 |
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intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; slums:n.贫民,[经]贫民区(slum的复数); v.到贫民窟去; Lima:n.利马(秘鲁首都);
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| And in this community, we started out by really just going to people's homes and talking to people, and we discovered an outbreak , an epidemic of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis . |
在这个社区 我们开始走访 我们发现了一场疫情,多耐药结核病的流行 |
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outbreak:n.(战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;vi.爆发; epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的; multidrug-resistant:多药耐药; tuberculosis:n.肺结核;结核病;
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| This is Melquiades. |
这位是Melquiades |
| Melquiades was a patient at that time,he was about 18 years old, and he had a very difficult form of drug-resistant tuberculosis. |
Melquiades当时是一位病人,大约18岁 他患有难以治疗的耐药性结核病 |
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patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者;
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| All of the gurus in the world,the global health gurus, said it is not cost-effective to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis. |
全球所有健康专家都说 治疗耐药性结核病并不划算 |
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gurus:n.古鲁(指印度教等宗教的宗师或领袖);领袖;专家; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
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| It's too complicated . It's too expensive. |
它太复杂了,也太昂贵。 |
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complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
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| You just can't do it. It can't be done. |
你不能做到,这不可能完成 |
| And in addition ,they were getting angry at us, because the implication was if it could be done,we would have done it. |
除此之外,他们对我们大为光火 因为这意味着 如果可以做到,早就该完成了。 |
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addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物; implication:n.含意;可能的影响(或作用、结果);暗指;(被)牵连;
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| Who do you think you are? |
你以为你是谁？ |
| And the people that we fought with were the World Health Organization and probably the organization we fought with most was the World Bank Group. |
我们与世界卫生组织为敌 也许更多的是与世界银行集团相对抗 |
| Now, we did everything we could to convince Melquiades to take his medicines, because it's really hard, and not once during the time of treatment did Melquiades's family ever say, "Hey, you know, Melquiades is just not cost-effective. |
现在,我们竭尽全力 说服Melquiades服药 这真的很难 在治疗期间,他的家人不止一次说过, “你知道吗,治疗Melquiades并不划算, |
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convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
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| Why don't you go on and treat somebody else?" |
你们为什么不去治疗其他人” |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| I hadn't seen Melquiades for about 10 years and when we had our annual meetings in Lima, Peru a couple of years ago, the filmmakers found him and here is us getting together. |
我已经有10年没有见过Melquiades了 当我们在秘鲁利马举行年度会议时 几年前 电影制片人找到了他 这是我们聚在一起 |
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annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; filmmakers:n.制片人(filmmaker的复数);
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| He has become a bit of a media star because he goes to the film openings, and he knows how to work an audience now. |
他已经成为了一个媒体明星,他去了电影首映礼 他现在已经知道如何驾驭观众了 |
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media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| But as soon as we won — |
但我们取得胜利后 |
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as soon as:一…就;
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| We did win. We won the argument. |
我们确实获胜了,我们赢得了争论 |
| You should treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis — we heard the same arguments in the early 2000s about HIV . |
你应当治疗多耐药结核病 在二十一世纪初,我们听到了同样的争论,关于艾滋 |
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HIV:n.艾滋病病毒;
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| All of the leading global health people in the world said it is impossible to treat HIV in poor countries. |
全球所有的健康领头人都说 在贫困国家不可能进行艾滋病毒的治疗 |
| Too expensive, too complicated,you can't do it. |
太昂贵了,太复杂了,你不可能做到 |
| Compared to drug-resistant TB treatment, it's actually easier. |
与耐药性结核病的治疗相比 实际上它更简单 |
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Compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词)
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| And we were seeing patients like this. |
我们经常看到这样的病人 |
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patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
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| Joseph Jeune. Joseph Jeune |
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Joseph:n.连帽大氅;
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| Joseph Jeune also never mentioned that he was not cost-effective. |
Joseph Jeune也从不提起治疗他是不划算的 |
| A few months of medicines,and this is what he looked like. |
经过几个月的药物治疗,他现在是这样的 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| We call that the Lazarus Effect of HIV treatment. |
我们称之为艾滋治疗的拉撒路效应 |
| Joseline came to us looking like this. |
Joseline来找我们时是这样的 |
| This is what she looked like a few months later. |
这是几个月后她的模样 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Now, our argument, our battle, we thought, was with the organizations that kept saying it's not cost-effective. |
现在,我们的争论,我们的斗争,我想 主要在于那些认为这不划算的机构 |
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organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
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| We were saying, no, preferential option for the poor requires us to raise our aspirations to meet those of the poor for themselves. |
我们在说,不 穷人优先要求我们提高自己的愿望 以满足穷人的愿望 |
| And they said, well, that's a nice thought but it's just not cost-effective. |
他们会说,这是个不错的想法,但不划算 |
| So in the nerdy way that we have operated Partners in Health, we wrote a book against, basically , the World Bank. |
像个书呆子一样,我们坚持开创了健康伙伴 我们写了一本书,来与世界银行相抗衡 |
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nerdy:adj.书呆子式的;n.令人厌烦的人; basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
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| It says that because the World Bank has focused so much on just economic growth and said that governments have to shrink their budgets and reduce expenditures in health, education and social welfare — we thought that was fundamentally wrong. |
里面提到,由于世界银行 过于关注经济发展 认为政府应该减少在健康, 教育及社会福利方面的预算及开支 我们认为这完全是错的 |
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shrink:v.收缩;减少;退缩;畏缩;n.精神病学家;心理学家; budgets:n.[财政]预算(budget复数形式);v.为…做预算(budget的第三人称单数形式); expenditures:n.开支,[会计]支出(expenditure复数形式); welfare:n.福祉;(政府给予的)福利; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
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| And we argued with the World Bank. |
我们与世界银行争辩 |
| And then a crazy thing happened. |
之后,一件疯狂的事情发生了 |
| President Obama nominated me to be President of the World Bank. |
总统奥巴马提名我担任世界银行行长 |
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nominated:v.提名;推荐;任命;指派;挑选;(nominate的过去式和过去分词)
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Now, when I went to do the vetting process with President Obama's team, they had a copy of "Dying For Growth," and they had read every page. |
当我接受总统团队的审查时 他们拿着一本《为增长而死》,他们读完了那本书 |
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vetting:v.审查;仔细检查,审查;(vet的现在分词) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
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| And I said, "OK, that's it, right? |
我问道:“就是这样,不是吗？ |
| You guys are going to drop me?" |
你们会放弃我” |
| He goes, "Oh, no, no, it's OK." |
他们却说:“不,没关系” |
| And I was nominated, and I walked through the door of the World Bank Group in July of 2012, and that statement on the wall,"Our dream is a world free of poverty." |
然后我被提名了 2012年7月,我步入了世界银行集团的大门 墙上有这么一句话:“建立一个没有贫困的世界” |
| A few months after that,we actually turned it into a goal: end extreme poverty by 2030, boost shared prosperity . |
几个月后,我们以此制定了一个目标 2030年前终结极度贫困 促进共享繁荣 |
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boost:n.提高;增长;帮助;激励;v.使增长;使兴旺;偷窃; prosperity:n.繁荣,成功;
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| That's what we do now at the World Bank Group. |
这是世界银行集团现在所做的 |
| I feel like I have brought the preferential option for the poor to the World Bank Group. |
我想我已经做到了穷人优先 在世界银行集团中 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| But this is TED, and so I want to share with you some concerns , and then make a proposal . |
但是,这里是TED 我想和你们分享一些我的担忧 并提出一些建议 |
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concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式); proposal:n.提议,建议;求婚;
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| The Fourth Industrial Revolution ,now, you guys know so much better than I do, but here's the thing that concerns me. |
我们正在经历第四次工业革命 你们比我更清楚 不过这正是我的担忧所在 |
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Industrial Revolution:n.工业革命;
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| What we hear about is job loss.You've all heard that. |
失业充斥在我们耳畔,你们都听过吧 |
| Our own data suggest to us that two thirds of all jobs, currently existing jobs in developing countries,will be lost because of automation . |
数据显示,由于自动化, 发展中国家现有的三分之二的工作将不复存在 |
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currently:adv.当前;一般地; automation:n.自动化;自动操作;
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| Now, you've got to make up for those jobs. |
现在,我们需要的是弥补这些工作的空缺 |
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make up for:补偿,弥补;
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| Now, one of the ways to make up for those jobs is to turn community health workers into a formal labor force. |
弥补的方式之一 是将社区健康工作者划为正式工 |
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formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服;
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| That's what we want to do. |
这是我们想做的 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| We think the numbers will work out, that as health outcomes get better and as people have formal work, we're going to be able to train them with the soft-skills training that you add to it to become workers that will have a huge impact, and that may be the one area that grows the most. |
我们想这一问题终会得以解决 随着健康成果改善,人们得到正式工作 我们可以通过培训 提高他们的软技能 他们将会成为影响力巨大的工人 这一领域也将快速发展 |
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outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
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| But here's the other thing that bothers me: right now it seems pretty clear to me that the jobs of the future will be more digitally demanding, and there is a crisis in childhood stunting . |
还有另一件事困扰着我 我们清楚地知道 未来的工作将更数字化 儿童发育迟缓将是一场危机 |
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bothers:n.麻烦; v.给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦); (bother的第三人称单数和复数) digitally:adv.数位; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期 stunting:n.萎缩;发育障碍短小症;v.阻碍…的正常发育(stunt的ing形式);
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| So these are photos from Charles Nelson, who shared these with us from Harvard Medical School. |
这是在哈佛医学院的Charles Nelson 与我们分享的照片 |
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Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
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| And what these photos show on the one side, on the left side, is a three-month-old who has been stunted : not adequate nutrition ,not adequate stimulation . |
这些照片的左边是 一个三个月大的发育迟缓的婴儿 营养不足,刺激不足 |
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stunted:adj.发育不良的; v.阻碍…发展(stunt的过去式及过去分词形式); adequate:adj.充足的;适当的;胜任的; nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品; stimulation:n.刺激;激励,鼓舞;
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| And on the other side ,of course, is a normal child, and the normal child has all of these neuronal connections. |
另一边,是一个正常的孩子 大脑有全部的神经元连接 |
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on the other side:另一面;在另一边; neuronal:adj.[解剖]神经元的;
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| Now, the neuronal connections are important, because that is the definition of human capital. |
神经元连接十分重要 我们基于它来定义人类行为能力 |
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definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
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| Now, we know that we can reduce these rates. |
现在,我们知道我们可以降低这一比率 |
| We can reduce these rates of childhood stunting quickly, but if we don't, India, for example, with 38 percent childhood stunting, how are they going to compete in the economy of the future |
我们可以快速降低儿童发育迟缓率 如果不这样做,在印度, 就将有38%的儿童发育迟缓 他们如何在未来的经济中竞争 |
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compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
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| if 40 percent of their future workers cannot achieve educationally and certainly we worry about achieving economically in a way that will help the country as a whole grow. |
如果40%的未来工人不能受到教育 我们当然也担心有助于国家全面发展的经济发展方式 |
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educationally:adv.教育上地; economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地; as a whole:总的来说;
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| Now, what are we going to do? |
我们现在要做些什么？ |
| 78 trillion dollars is the size of the global economy. |
全球经济的规模达78万亿美元 |
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trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
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| 8.55 trillion dollars are sitting in negative interest rate bonds. |
其中有价值8.55万亿美元的负利率债券 |
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negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
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| That means that you give the German central bank your money and then you pay them to keep your money. |
这意味着你把钱存进德国中央银行 然后你付款让他们替你保管 |
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central bank:n.中央银行;
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| That's a negative interest rate bond. |
这就是负利率债券 |
| 24.4 trillion dollars in very low-earning government bonds. |
有价值24.4万亿的低收入政府债券 |
| And 8 trillion literally sitting in the hands of rich people under their very large mattresses . |
富人们坐拥差不多8万亿 |
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in the hands of:由…掌握;在…掌握中; mattresses:n.床垫,底垫(mattress的复数形式);
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| What we are trying to do is now use our own tools — and just to get nerdy for a second, we're talking about first-loss risk debt instruments , we're talking about derisking, blended finance , we're talking about political risk insurance , credit enhancement — |
我们正在尝试借助我们自己的知识 再次像书呆子一样 我们谈论着一级风险债务工具 谈论着冒险,混合基金 我们谈论着政治风险保险 信用增级 |
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debt:n.债务;借款;罪过; instruments:n.器械;仪器;器具;手段(instrument的复数) blended:v.[天]混合(blend的过去式和过去分词);adj.混杂的;数种混合的; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的; enhancement:n.增加;放大;
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| all these things that I've now learned at the World Bank Group that rich people use every single day to make themselves richer, but we haven't used aggressively enough on behalf of the poor to bring this capital in. |
我在世界银行集团所学到的这一切 富人们每天凭借它们变得更加富有 但我们还没有积极地代表穷人 来筹集资金 |
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aggressively:adv.侵略地;攻击地;有闯劲地; on behalf of:代表;为了;
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| So does this work? |
这有用吗？ |
| Can you actually bring private-sector players into a country and really make things work? |
你真的能把私营者引入一个国家 让事情发挥作用吗？ |
| Well, we've done it a couple of times. |
我们尝试了几次 |
| This is Zambia, Scaling Solar. |
这是在赞比亚,太阳能的规模化 |
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Scaling:n.缩放比例; v.剥落;
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| It's a box-set solution from the World Bank where we come in and we do all the things you need to attract private-sector investors. |
这是世界银行提出的一套解决方案 我们尽全力,做所有你需要的事情 来吸引私营投资者 |
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solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
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| And in this case, Zambia went from having a cost of electricity at 25 cents a kilowatt-hour , and by just doing simple things,doing the auction , changing some policies , we were able to bring the cost down. |
这一案例中,赞比亚的电费刚开始是 每千瓦时25美分 通过一些简单的操作,比如拍卖 改变政策 我们能够降低成本 |
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electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; kilowatt-hour:n.千瓦时;一度电(能量单位); auction:v.拍卖;竞卖;n.拍卖; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
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| Lowest bid, 25 cents a kilowatt-hour for Zambia? |
最低价 每千瓦时25美分？ |
| The lowest bid was 4.7 cents a kilowatt-hour. It's possible. |
最低价是每千瓦时4.7美分,这是可能的 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| But here's my proposal for you. |
以下是我对你们的建议 |
| This is from a group called Zipline, a cool company, and they literally are rocket scientists. |
这是一家名为Zipline的公司 一家很棒的公司,他们可以说是火箭专家 |
| They figured out how to use drones in Rwanda. |
他们发现了如何在卢旺达运用无人机 |
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drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数)
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| This is me launching a drone in Rwanda that delivers blood anywhere in the country in less than an hour. |
这是我在卢旺达操纵一架无人机 它可以在一个小时内把血液送到城市的任何地方 |
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launching:n.发射;开办;起飞;v.开始从事,发起,发动;(launch的现在分词)
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| So we save lives, this program saved lives — |
我们拯救了生命 这一计划拯救了生命 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| This program made money for Zipline and this program saved huge amounts of money for Rwanda. |
这一计划为Zipline盈利 也为卢旺达节约了一大笔钱 |
| That's what we need,and we need that from all of you. |
这就是我们所需要的,也是我们对你们的期盼 |
| I'm asking you, carve out a little bit of time in your brains to think about the technology that you work on, the companies that you start,the design that you do. |
想要你们,分出一部分时间想想 你所掌握的技术 你开创的公司,你所做的设计 |
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carve:vt.雕刻;切开;开创;vi.切开;做雕刻工作; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
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| Think a little bit and work with us to see if we can come up with these kinds of extraordinary win-win solutions. |
想一想,然后和我们一起合作 看我们是能得出其它这样非同寻常的双赢方案 |
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come up with:提出;想出;赶上; extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; win-win:adj.双赢的;互利互惠的;
|
| I'm going to leave you with one final story. |
要留给你们最后一个故事 |
| I was in Tanzania,and I was in a classroom. |
在坦桑尼亚,我去到了一间教室 |
| This is me with a classroom of 11-year-olds. |
这是我和一群十一岁大的孩子们在一起 |
| And I asked them, as I always do, "What do you want to be when you grow up?" |
我像往常一样问他们: “你们长大后想做什么？” |
| Two raised their hands and said, "I want to be President of the World Bank." |
两个孩子举手答到 “我想成为世界银行行长” |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And just like you, my own team and their teachers laughed. |
和你们一样,我的团队和他们的老师也笑了 |
| But then I stopped them. |
但我阻止了他们 |
| I said, "Look, I want to tell you a story. |
我说“听着,我想给你们讲一个故事” |
| When I was born in South Korea,this is what it looked like. |
当我在韩国出生时,它是这样的模样 |
| This is where I came from. |
这就是我的家乡 |
| And when I was three years old, in preschool , |
当我三岁时 在学前班 |
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preschool:adj.未满学龄的;就学前的,入学前的;n.幼儿园,育幼院;
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| I don't think that George David Woods,the President of the World Bank, if he had visited Korea on that day and come to my classroom, that he would have thought that the future President of the World Bank was sitting in that classroom. |
我从没想过世界银行行长George David Woods 如果某天他拜访韩国,来到我的教室 他是否会想到 未来的世界银行行长就在这间教室里 |
| Don't let anyone ever tell you that you cannot be President of the World Bank." |
不要让其他人告诉你 你不能成为世界银行行长 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Let me leave you with one thought. |
让我给你们留下一个想法 |
| I came from a country that was the poorest in the world. |
我来自一个曾是世界上最贫穷的国家 |
| I'm President of the World Bank. |
我现在是世界银行行长 |
| I cannot and I will not pull up the ladder behind me. |
我不能,也不会拉起我身后的梯子 |
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ladder:n.阶梯;途径;梯状物;v.成名;发迹;在…上装设梯子;
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| This is urgent . |
现在十分迫切 |
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urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的;
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| Aspirations are going up. |
愿望变得愈发强烈 |
| Everywhere aspirations are going up. |
到处都有强烈的希冀 |
| You folks in this room, work with us. |
在这间房间里的你们,和我们一起努力 |
| We know that we can find those Zipline-type solutions and help the poor leapfrog into a better world, but it won't happen until we work together. |
我们知道我们能找到像Zipline这样的解决方案 帮助穷人跨越到一个更好的世界 这一切不会发生,除非我们一起努力 |
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leapfrog:n.跳背游戏;跳蛙游戏;交互跃进;vi.跳背;跳蛙;交替前进;vt.跃过;
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| The future "you" —and especially for your children — the future you will depend on how much care and compassion we bring to ensuring that the future "us" |
未来的你们,尤其是对你们的孩子来说 未来取决于我们为未来的 “我们”提供了多少关爱和同情 |
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especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; compassion:n.同情;怜悯; ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词);
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| provides equality of opportunity for every child in the world. |
以确保世界上每个儿童都享有平等的机会 |
| Thank you very much. |
非常感谢你们 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. |
谢谢！谢谢！谢谢！ |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Chris Anderson: You'd almost think people are surprised to hear a talk like this from the President of the World Bank. |
Chris Anderson:你肯定会想 人们听到世界银行行长这样的讲话会感到惊讶 |
| It's kind of cool. |
这有点特别 |
| I'd encourage you to even be a little more specific on your proposal. |
希望您可以再详细讲讲您的建议 |
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specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
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| There's many investors, entrepreneurs in this room. |
在座有很多的投资者,企业家 |
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entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数)
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| How will you partner with them?What's your proposal? |
你想怎么和他们合作？你的建议是什么？ |
| Jim Yong Kim: Can I get nerdy for just a second. |
金墉:我可以再次像书呆子一样吗？ |
| CA: Get nerdy. Absolutely . |
CA:当然了 |
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Absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
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| JYK: So here's what we did. |
金墉:这是我们所做的, |
| Insurance companies never invest in developing country infrastructure , for example, because they can't take the risk. |
保险公司从不会投资发展中国家的基础设施 因为他们不愿为此承担风险 |
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invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
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| They're holding money for people who pay for insurance. |
他们为那些为支付保险费用的人存储资金 |
| So what we did was a Swedish International Development Association gave us a little bit of money, we went out and raised a little bit more money, a hundred million, |
在瑞典国际开发协会 给了我们一小笔资金后 我们去筹集了更多的钱,一亿 |
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Swedish:adj.瑞典的;瑞典语的;瑞典人的;n.瑞典语;瑞典人; Association:n.协会;关联;联想;交往;
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| and we took first loss,meaning if this thing goes bad, 10 percent of the loss we'll just eat, and the rest of you will be safe. |
我们承担了最初的风险,这意味着,如果发展不顺 我们会承担10%的损失 而剩下的你们都是安全的 |
| And that created a 90-percent chunk , tranche that was triple B, investment-grade,so the insurance companies invested . |
但还有90%的部分 投资级别可达3B,所以保险公司选择了投资 |
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chunk:n.大块;矮胖的人或物; tranche:n.(国际货币基金组织贷款划分的)部分;一期款项; triple:adj.三部分的; n.三倍的数[量]; v.成为三倍; invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式)
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| So for us, what we're doing is taking our public money and using it to derisk specific instruments to bring people in from the outside. |
对我们而言,我们所做的就是利用公共资金冒险 开展具体建设 从而从外引进人才 |
| So all of you who are sitting on trillions of dollars of cash, come to us. Right? |
坐拥数万亿美元现金的你们 会加入我们,对吗？ |
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trillions:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| CA: And what you're specifically looking for are investment proposals that create employment in the developing world. |
CA:你们所寻找的是提高发展中国家 就业率的投资建议？ |
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specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; proposals:n.建议书(Proposal的复数);求婚; employment:n.使用;职业;雇用;
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| JYK: Absolutely. Absolutely. |
金墉:是的,就是这样的 |
| So these will be, for example, in infrastructure that brings energy,builds roads, bridges, ports. |
这些基础建设将包括 引进能源、修建道路、桥梁、港口 |
| These kinds of things are necessary to create jobs, but also what we're saying is you may think that the technology you're working on or the business that you're working on may not have applications in the developing world, but look at Zipline. |
这些是创造就业机会所必需的 也是我们所谈论的 你可能会认为你所掌握的技术 你所在的行业 没有可能应用在发展中国家中 但看看Zipline |
| And that Zipline thing didn't happen just because of the quality of the technology. |
它的成功不仅仅是因为技术的质量 |
| It was because they engaged with the Rwandans early and used artificial intelligence — one thing, Rwanda has great broadband —but these things fly completely on their own. |
更因为很早就和卢旺达合作 并且应用了人工智能 还有一件事,卢旺达早已遍布宽带 -但这些东西完全靠他们自己完成 |
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engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式) artificial intelligence:n.人工智能; broadband:n.宽频;宽波段;adj.宽频带的;宽波段的;宽频通讯的;
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| So we will help you do that.We will make the introductions. |
我们会帮你做到这些,我们可以引荐你 |
| We will even provide financing.We will help you do that. |
甚至提供资金,我们会让你成功 |
| CA: How much capital is the World Bank willing to deploy to back those kinds of efforts? |
CA:世界银行愿意为此提供多少资金？ |
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deploy:v.部署;利用;[军事]展开;(使)张开;
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| JYK: Chris, you're always getting me to try to do something like this. |
金墉:“Chris,你总是让我做这样的事” |
| CA: I'm trying to get you in trouble. |
CA:我在给你找麻烦 |
| JYK: So here's what we're going to do. |
金墉:这正是我们要做的 |
| We have 25 billion a year that we're investing in poor countries, the poorest countries. |
我们每年有250亿美元投资到贫穷国家 最贫穷的国家 |
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investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词)
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| And as we invest over the next three years,25 billion a year, we have got to think with you about how to use that money more effectively. |
正因为我们会在未来三年进行每年250亿美元的投资 我们需要和你们一起思考 如何高效利用这笔资金 |
| So I can't give you a specific number. |
以我不能告诉你们具体的数目, |
| It depends on the quality of the ideas. |
这取决于项目的好坏 |
| So bring us your ideas, and I don't think that financing is going to be the problem. |
所以,带来你们的想法 资金不是问题 |
| CA: All right, you heard it from the man himself. |
CA:好吧,这是他亲口说的 |
| Jim, thanks so much. |
Jim,非常感谢 |
| JYK: Thank you. Thank you. |
金墉:谢谢！谢谢！ |
| (Applause) |
（鼓掌） |