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JillTarter_2009-_jill_tarter_吉尔_塔特_呼吁加入seti探索（ted大奖获得者！）_
So, my question: are we alone? 我的问题是: 我们是唯一的吗？
The story of humans is the story of ideas -- scientific ideas that shine light into dark corners, ideas that we embrace rationally and irrationally , ideas for which we've lived and died and killed and been killed, ideas that have vanished in history, and ideas that have been set in dogma . 人类的历史就是“理念“的历史 — 将启蒙之光照亮黑暗角落的科学理念, 被我们冷静或狂热拥护的理念, 有我们为之而生存、死亡、杀戮,甚至牺牲的理念, 有在历史长河中消逝的理念, 也有被列入教条的理念。
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括; irrationally:adv.无理性地,不合理地; vanished:v.消失了;突然消失;消亡;绝迹;(vanish的过去分词和过去式) dogma:n.教条,教理;武断的意见;
It's a story of nations, of ideologies , of territories , and of conflicts among them. 这是关于国家 关于意识形态, 关于领域, 以及其中种种冲突的历史。
ideologies:意识形态; territories:n.地区;领土;边疆区(territory的复数); conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
But, every moment of human history, from the Stone Age to the Information Age, from Sumer and Babylon to the iPod and celebrity gossip , they've all been carried out -- every book that you've read, every poem, every laugh, every tear, they've all happened here. 但是,人类历史的任何片刻, 从石器时代到信息时代, 从苏美尔到巴比伦再从iPod到名流八卦, 全部都是实现在.. 所有你所阅读的书卷中, 诗歌中,所有的欢笑和泪水中, 全部都发生在这里,
Stone Age:n.石器时代; Babylon:n.巴比伦(古代巴比伦王国Babylonia的首都);繁华的都市,罪恶之都; celebrity:n.名人;名声; gossip:n.流言蜚语;闲聊;喜欢传播流言蜚语的人;v.传播流言蜚语;说三道四;
Here. 这里,
Here. 这里,
Here. 这里。
(Laughter) (笑声)
Perspective is a very powerful thing. 视角是一种非常强大的东西。
Perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
Perspectives can change. 视角会变。
Perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式);
Perspectives can be altered . 视角也可以被改变。
altered:adj.改变了的:v.(使)改变,更改,改动:(alter的过去分词和过去式)
From my perspective, we live on a fragile island of life, in a universe of possibilities. 从我的视角看来,我们是生存在这个充满可能性的宇宙中 一个纤微的生命之岛上。
fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的;
For many millennia , humans have been on a journey to find answers, answers to questions about naturalism and transcendence , about who we are and why we are, and of course, who else might be out there. 数千年来,人类始终汲汲于追寻答案中, 关于自然主义与超验存在之疑问的答案, 关于我们是谁及为什么我们会出现在这里, 当然还包括,是否在别的地方可能还存在着生命之类的问题的答案。
millennia:n.千年期(millennium的复数);一千年;千年庆典;太平盛世; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; naturalism:n.自然主义;本能行动;自然论; transcendence:n.超越;卓越;超然存在;
Is it really just us? 真的是只有我们吗？
Are we alone in this vast universe of energy and matter and chemistry and physics? 是否我们孤单地存在于这充满能量与物质, 化学元素与物理规律的浩瀚宇宙之中。
Well, if we are, it's an awful waste of space. 如果真的是这样,那真是太浪费空间了。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But, what if we're not? 但是,如果这不是真的呢？
what if:如果…怎么办?
What if, out there, others are asking and answering similar questions? 如果在其他地方,有其他人在追问,并试图回答类似的问题？
What if they look up at the night sky, at the same stars, but from the opposite side? 如果他们也仰望星空,凝视同一颗星辰, 但是他们是在宇宙的另一边呢？
Would the discovery of an older cultural civilization out there inspire us to find ways to survive our increasingly uncertain technological adolescence ? 对更久远文明的观察是否 会启发我们寻找到让我们能顺利渡过 越发不安定的科技启蒙阶段的方法？
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明; inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; uncertain:adj.无常的;含糊的;靠不住的;迟疑不决的; technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; adolescence:n.青春期;
Might it be the discovery of a distant civilization and our common cosmic origins that finally drives home the message of the bond among all humans? 有没有可能因发现遥远文明 和我们的共同的起源 而最终带回了揭示全人类内在联系的讯息？
distant:adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的; cosmic:adj.宇宙的; origins:n.起源; (origin的复数) finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
Whether we're born in San Francisco, or Sudan, or close to the heart of the Milky Way galaxy , we are the products of a billion year lineage of wandering star dust. 无论是出生在旧金山,还是苏丹, 或者是靠近银河系中心, 我们都是弥漫在宇宙中的星尘十亿年发展的产物。
Milky Way:na.[天]银河; galaxy:n.银河;[天]星系;银河系;一群显赫的人; lineage:n.血统;家系,[遗]世系;
We, all of us, are what happens when a primordial mixture of hydrogen and helium evolves for so long that it begins to ask where it came from. 我们所有人 就是由最初的氢氦混合物进化而来。 经过了如此漫长的进化之后,我们开始思考自己是从何而来。
primordial:adj.原始的;根本的;原生的; mixture:n.混合;结合体;混合物;集合体; hydrogen:n.氢;氢气; helium:n.[化学]氦(符号为He,2号元素); evolves:v.进化,进展(evolve的第三人称单数形式);
Fifty years ago, the journey to find answers took a different path and SETI, the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence , began. 五十年前, 寻找答案的旅程找到了另一条途径, SETI,寻找外太空星球智慧生命计划, 启动了。
Extra-Terrestrial:n.外星人;adj.地球外的;大气圈外的; Intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
So, what exactly is SETI? SETI究竟是什么？
Well, SETI uses the tools of astronomy to try and find evidence of someone else's technology out there. SETI是尝试使用天文学工具 来寻找其他拥有科技的文明踪迹。
astronomy:n.天文学; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Our own technologies are visible over interstellar distances, and theirs might be as well. 我们自己的科技在星际间是可以被察觉的, 别人的也同样如此。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目; interstellar:adj.[航][天]星际的;
It might be that some massive network of communications, or some shield against asteroidal impact , or some huge astroengineering project that we can't even begin to conceive of, 它可能是巨大的通信网络, 或者是防御天体碰撞的护罩, 甚至超出我们想像力的宏伟的空间机械工程,
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; shield:n.盾;防护物;保护者;v.遮蔽;包庇;避开;保卫; asteroidal:adj.星状的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; conceive:v.想出;想象;构想;设想;怀孕;
could generate signals at radio or optical frequencies that a determined program of searching might detect . 产生出可能被持久的搜索计划 侦测到的无线电信号或光学频率。
generate:v.产生;引起; optical:adj.光学的;眼睛的,视觉的; frequencies:n.频率;发生率;重复率;频繁;(frequency的复数) determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式) detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测;
For millennia, we've actually turned to the priests and the philosophers for guidance and instruction on this question of whether there's intelligent life out there. 数千年来,我们实际上都在依靠牧师和思想家 来指引和教导关于是否有地外文明的问题。
priests:n.司祭,神父;教士,祭司,僧侣;(priest的复数) philosophers:n.哲学家(philosopher的复数); intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的
Now, we can use the tools of the 21st century to try and observe what is rather than ask what should be believed. 今天我们能够使用21世纪的工具来尝试观察 而不应是犹豫着该相信什么。
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视;
SETI doesn't presume the existence of extra terrestrial intelligence, it merely notes the possibility, if not the probability in this vast universe, which seems fairly uniform . SETI并不预估地外文明的存在。 它仅仅是提出可能性, 或其存在在这个广阔宇宙中的概率,应该是非常相当平均的。
presume:v.假定;推测;擅自;意味着; merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是; probability:n.可能性;机率;[数]或然率; fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; uniform:adj.统一的;一致的;相同的;始终如一的;n.制服;v.使穿制服;使成一样;
The numbers suggest a universe of possibilities. 这些数字展示出一个充满可能性的宇宙。
Our sun is one of 400 billion stars in our galaxy, and we know that many other stars have planetary systems, we've discovered over 350 in the last 14 years, 我们的太阳是银河系中4000亿颗恒星中的一颗, 并且我们知道许多其它星球都有行星系, 在过去的14年里我们已经发现了超过350个这样的星系,
planetary:adj.行星的;
including the small planet, announced earlier this week, which has a radius just twice the size of the Earth. 包括上周所宣布的小型的行星, 大小只有地球的两倍。
radius:n.半径,半径范围;[解剖]桡骨;辐射光线;有效航程;
And, if even all of the planetary systems in our galaxy were devoid of life, there's still 100 billion other galaxies out there, altogether 10 to the 22 stars. 即使所有的行星系在我们的星系中都不存在生命, 另外还有1000多亿个星系, 总共有10的22次方颗恒星。
devoid:adj.缺乏的;全无的; galaxies:n.银河; (galaxy的复数)
Now, I'm going to try a trick, and recreate an experiment from this morning. 现在,我来耍个小把戏,我将再现今天早上做的实验。
recreate:vt.再现;再创造
Remember, one billion? 还记得吗,十亿？
But, this time not one billion dollars, one billion stars. 但是,这次不是十亿美元,而是十亿颗恒星。
Alright, one billion stars. 对,就十亿颗恒星。
Now, up there, 20 feet above the stage, that's 10 trillion . 现在从这里到离地面20尺高的高度, 就是是十万亿的数量。
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
Well, what about 10 to the 22? 那10的22次方是怎样？
Where's the line that marks that? 这条边界线会是在哪里？
That line would have to be 3.8 million miles above this stage. 那条线一直要到离这个演讲台380万公里远地方。
(Laughter) （笑声）
16 times farther away than the moon, or four percent of the distance to the sun. 16倍于从这里到月球的距离, 或者4％从这里到太阳的距离。
So, there are many possibilities. 所以一定是有很多可能性的。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And much of this vast universe, much more may be habitable than we once thought, as we study extremophiles on Earth -- organisms that can live in conditions totally inhospitable for us, 在这个广袤无垠的宇宙中很多地方, 比我们从前想像的更可能存在着生命, 根据我们对地球上嗜极菌进行的研究 一些有机体能在我们完全不能栖息的环境中生存,
habitable:adj.可居住的;适于居住的; extremophiles:n.极端微生物(extremophile的复数); organisms:n.[生物]生物体(organism的复数);[生物]有机体; inhospitable:adj.荒凉的;冷淡的,不好客的;不适居留的;
in the hot, high pressure thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, frozen in ice, in boiling battery acid, in the cooling waters of nuclear reactors . 比如处在深海底炽热高压的热水流火山口, 在封冻的冰层间,在沸腾的电酸中, 甚至在核子反应堆的冷却剂里,
thermal:adj.热的;热量的;保热的;n.上升的热气流; vents:n.[矿业]通风孔(vent的复数);排空(气)阀;通风管;管乐类; battery:n.[电]电池,蓄电池;n.[法]殴打;n.[军]炮台,炮位; nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的; reactors:n.[化工]反应器(reactor的复数);反应者;
These extremophiles tell us that life may exist in many other environments. 这些嗜极菌的存在表明生命或许会出现在许多其他环境中。
But those environments are going to be widely spaced in this universe. 但是这些环境在宇宙中非常的分散。
Even our nearest star, the Sun, it's emissions suffer the tyranny of light speed. 即使离我们最近的恒星,太阳 , 它的辐射也不得不经受光速的限制,
emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) tyranny:n.暴政;专横;严酷;残暴的行为(需用复数);
It takes a full eight minutes for its radiation to reach us. 需要整整8分钟才能到达这里。
radiation:n.辐射;放射线;放射疗法;
And the nearest star is 4.2 light years away , which means its light takes 4.2 years to get here. 最近的恒星距离我们有4.2光年距离, 这就意味着它所发出的光需要4.2年才能到这。
light years away:光年以外;似水流年;个光年已过去;
And the edge of our galaxy is 75,000 light years away, and the nearest galaxy to us, 2.5 million light years. 而我们星系的边缘则有75000光年之远, 离我们最近的星系要250万光年。
That means any signal we detect would have started its journey a long time ago. 这就是说任何我们能侦测到的信号都是很久很久之前就已经被发射出了。
And a signal would give us a glimpse of their past, not their present. 这样的一个信号或许能让我们一窥他们的过去, 而不是现在。
glimpse:v.瞥见;[诗]闪现;n.领悟;概况;见识;一睹;
Which is why Phil Morrison calls SETI, "the archaeology of the future." 这就是为什么Phil Morrison称SETI为“未来考古学”。
archaeology:n.考古学;考古学的;
It tells us about their past, but detection of a signal tells us it's possible for us to have a long future. 它为我们讲述了他们的过去 侦测到的信号也给予了我们对一个长远未来之可能性的信心。
detection:n.侦查,探测;发觉,发现;察觉;
I think this is what David Deutsch meant in 2005, when he ended his Oxford TEDTalk by saying he had two principles he'd like to share for living, and he would like to carve them on stone tablets . 我想这是David Deutsch在2005年所想表达的, 当时他以自己的 两条生活原则来结束在牛津TED大会的演讲, 他认为是非常经典的。
Deutsch:adj.德国的; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) carve:vt.雕刻;切开;开创;vi.切开;做雕刻工作; tablets:n.药片;片剂;(固定于墙上作纪念的)牌,碑,匾;(tablet的第三人称单数和复数)
The first is that problems are inevitable . 第一条是问题是不可避免的。
inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的;
The second is that problems are soluble . 第二条是问题是可以解决的。
soluble:adj.[化学]可溶的,可溶解的;可解决的;
So, ultimately what's going to determine the success or failure of SETI is the longevity of technologies, and the mean distance between technologies in the cosmos -- distance over space and distance over time. 最终能决定SETI成功与否的 是科技的长存, 以及科技在宇宙中的平均距离 — 在时间与空间中的距离。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; longevity:n.长寿,长命;寿命; cosmos:n.宇宙;和谐;秩序;大波斯菊;
If technologies don't last and persist , we will not succeed. 如果科技不能持续, 我们就成功不了。
persist:v.保持;持续存在;维持;顽强地坚持;
And we're a very young technology in an old galaxy, and we don't yet know whether it's possible for technologies to persist. 在这个古老星系 中我们的科技实属稚嫩, 我们也不知道科技是否能够长存。
So, up until now I've been talking to you about really large numbers, let me talk about a relatively small number. 到现在为止我跟你们讲的都是非常大的数字, 让我来讲些相对小的数字。
relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地;
And that's the length of time that the Earth was lifeless . 就是地球上没有生命存在的时间的长度。
lifeless:adj.无生命的;死气沉沉的;无趣味的;
If we look at zircons that are mined in the Jack Hills of western Australia, zircons taken from the Jack Hills of western Australia tell us that within a few hundred million years of the origin of the planet there was abundant water and perhaps even life. 如果我们考察下澳洲西部的杰克山所开掘出的锆石, 从对杰克山取出的锆石的分析中 发现自地球起源之后的几百万年间 有着丰富的水甚至生命。
zircons:n.[矿物]锆石; abundant:adj.丰富的;充裕的;盛产;
So, our planet has spent the vast majority of its 4.56 billion year history developing life, not anticipating its emergence . 所以在我们的星球上45.6亿年中的大部分时间 都在培养生命 而不只是在期待生命的出现。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: anticipating:v.预料;预期;预见;期盼;期望;(anticipate的现在分词) emergence:n.出现,浮现;发生;露头;
Life happened very quickly, and that bodes well for the potential of life elsewhere in the cosmos. 生命出现的非常地快, 这也预示了宇宙中其他星球上出现生命的潜力。
bodes:vt.预示;为…的兆头;vi.预示;v.停留;继续;遭到(bide的过去式); potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
And the other thing that one should take away from this chart is the very narrow range of time over which humans can claim to be the dominant intelligence on the planet. 还有一点应该从这图表中去掉的 就是所谓人类在这个星球 能称得上是拥有支配权的智能生物是非常短暂的。
narrow:adj.狭窄的; v.使窄小; n.峡谷; (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分; claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得; dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性;
It's only the last few hundred thousand years modern humans have been pursuing technology and civilization. 仅仅在最近的几千年中 现代人类才有出现对科技和文明的追求。
pursuing:v.追求;致力于;贯彻;跟踪;追赶;(pursue的现在分词)
So, one needs a very deep appreciation of the diversity and incredible scale of life on this planet as the first step in preparing to make contact with life elsewhere in the cosmos. 一个种族需要对这个星球上 生物的多样性以及惊人数量有非常深刻的认知 方能准备与宇宙中其他的生命进行接触。
appreciation:n.升值;欣赏;感谢;增值; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
We are not the pinnacle of evolution . 我们不是处在进化的顶点。
pinnacle:n.高峰;小尖塔;尖峰;极点;vt.造小尖塔;置于尖顶上;置于高处; evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进;
We are not the determined product of billions of years of evolutionary plotting and planning. 我们不是亿万年进化史中 所精心设计的最终产物。
evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的; plotting:v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表);(plot的现在分词)
We are one outcome of a continuing adaptational process . 我们是一个持续适应过程中的产物。
outcome:n.结果,结局;成果; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
We are residents of one small planet in a corner of the Milky Way galaxy. 我们是银河系角落里 一个小行星上的居民。
residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数)
And Homo sapiens are one small leaf on a very extensive Tree of Life, that's densely populated by organisms that have been honed for survival over millions of years. 智人只是有着 数百万年历史的 生命之树上的 一片绿叶。
Homo sapiens:n.智人(现代人类); extensive:adj.广泛的;大量的;广阔的; densely:adv.浓密地;密集地; populated:v.生活于; honed:adj.磨光的;亚光;v.把…磨光(hone的过去式及过去分词); survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
We misuse language, and talk about "the ascent of man." 我们常用词不当, 谈论着“人的升华”。
misuse:vt.滥用;误用;虐待;n.滥用;误用;虐待; ascent:n.上升;上坡路;登高;
We understand the scientific basis for the interrelatedness of life but our ego hasn't caught up yet. 我们虽理解物种关联性的科学依据 但本身的自我意识却还未成熟。
ego:n.自我;自负;自我意识;
So this ascent of man, pinnacle of evolution, has got to go. 这所谓的“人的升华”,“进化的巅峰”, 必须要去除。
It's a sense of privilege that the natural universe doesn't share. 这是自然宇宙所不认同的一种特权。
privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免;
Loren Eiseley has said, that "One does not meet oneself until one catches the reflection from an eye other than human." 洛伦艾斯利说过: “一个人在另一种生物的眼里 看见自己之前都不会认清自己。”
reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思;
One day that eye may be that of an intelligent alien, and the sooner we eschew our narrow view of evolution the sooner we can truly explore our ultimate origins and destinations. 某一天这双眼可能属于一个拥有智慧的外星人, 我们越快摒弃对进化的狭隘眼光, 就能越早开始真正地探求我们的起源与方向。
eschew:vt.避免;避开;远避; explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
We are a small part of the story of cosmic evolution, and we are going to be responsible for our continued participation in that story, and perhaps SETI will help as well. 我们是宇宙进化史的一小部分, 并会为自己的持续参与负起相应责任, 或许SETI也会起到它的作用。
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
Occasionally , throughout history, this concept of this very large cosmic perspective comes to the surface, and as a result we see transformative and profound discoveries. 在历史长河中,偶然间 这异常宏伟的宇宙视角概念会浮出水面, 而其结果就是我们所看见的具有强烈变革性及意义深远的发现。
Occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; as a result:结果; transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
So in 1543, Nicholas Copernicus published "The Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres ," 1543年,尼古拉斯·哥白尼出版了《天体运行论》,
Copernicus:n.哥白尼(波兰天文学家); Revolutions:n.革命,转数(revolution的复数形式); Heavenly:adj.天上的;神圣的;天国似的;adv.无比;极其; Spheres:n.[数]球体(sphere的复数); v.把…放在球体内(sphere的第三人称单数形式);
and by taking the Earth out of the center, and putting the sun in the center of the solar system , he opened our eyes to a much larger universe, of which we are just a small part. 通过去除地球中心论, 将太阳放在了这个太阳系的中心, 他为我们打开通向更大的宇宙的视野, 我们是属于其中的一小部分。
solar system:[天]太阳系;
And that Copernican revolution continues today to influence science and philosophy and technology and theology . 哥白尼的革命直到今天 还在持续地影响着科学、哲学、技术以及神学。
Copernican:adj.哥白尼的;哥白尼学说的; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观; theology:n.神学;宗教体系;
So, in 1959, Giuseppe Coccone and Philip Morrison published the first SETI article in a refereed journal , and brought SETI into the scientific mainstream . 1956年Giuseppe Coccone和Philip Morrison 在一篇期刊论文上发表了第一篇有关SETI的文章, 并将SETI带入了科学界的主流。
refereed:裁判;调停(referee的过去式和过去分词); journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报; mainstream:n.主流;
And in 1960, Frank Drake conducted the first SETI observation looking at two stars, Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani, for about 150 hours. 在1960年,SETI的Frank Drake进行了第一次对两颗恒星的观测 对象是鲸鱼座T星和波江座天苑四星, 这场观测大约进行了150小时。
Frank:adj.坦白的,直率的;老实的;n.免费邮寄特权;v.免费邮寄; Drake:n.公鸭;蜉蝣类(等于drakefly); conducted:v.组织;安排;实施;执行;指挥;带领;引导;(conduct的过去分词和过去式) observation:n.观察;观测;监视;(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论; Epsilon:n.希腊语字母之第五字;
Now Drake did not discover extraterrestrial intelligence, but he learned a very valuable lesson from a passing aircraft , and that's that terrestrial technology can interfere with the search for extraterrestrial technology. Drake并没有发现地外文明, 但他从一架飞过的飞机上得到了宝贵的经验, 那就是我们自己的科技会干涉到 对地外文明的搜索。
extraterrestrial:adj.地球外的;n.天外来客; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; aircraft:n.飞机,航空器; interfere:v.干涉;干预;介入;
We've been searching ever since, but it's impossible to overstate the magnitude of the search that remains. 从那时起我们都坚持的在搜寻, 但是这搜索的程度是不可能夸大的。
overstate:vt.夸张;夸大的叙述; magnitude:n.大小;量级;[地震]震级;重要;光度;
All of the concerted SETI efforts, over the last 40-some years, are equivalent to scooping a single glass of water from the oceans. 过去40年来SETI所作的全部努力, 不过是沧海中的一杯水而已。
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
And no-one would decide that the ocean was without fish on the basis of one glass of water. 不会有人因为这杯水里没有鱼 就认为整个大海也都没有。
on the basis of:根据;基于…;
The 21st century now allows us to build bigger glasses, much bigger glasses. 21世纪（技术）允许我们建造更大的玻璃镜片, 大的多的镜片
In Northern California, we're beginning to take observations with the first 42 telescopes of the Allen Telescope Array -- and I've got to take a moment right now to publicly thank 在加利福尼亚北部,我们开始用首批42组 艾伦望远镜阵列来进行观测 我要占用一点点时间来向
observations:n.观察,观察值;观察结果;(observation的复数形式); telescopes:n.望远镜; v.套叠; (telescope的第三人称单数) Array:n.数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服;v.排列,部署;打扮;
Paul Allen and Nathan Myhrvold and all the TeamSETI members in the TED community who have so generously supported this research. 保罗·艾伦和内森·梅尔沃德 以及所有TED社区中 如此慷慨地支持这项研究的SETI成员们表示感谢。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; generously:adv.慷慨地;宽大地;丰盛地;
(Applause) （掌声）
The ATA is the first telescope built from a large number of small dishes, and hooked together with computers. ATA是第一个用大量小型碟形天线通过电脑相互链接, 建造而成地望远镜。
hooked:adj.弯曲的; v.(使)钩住,挂住; (hook的过去分词和过去式)
It's making silicon as important as aluminum , and we'll grow it in the future by adding more antennas to reach 350 for more sensitivity and leveraging Moore's law for more processing capability . 这样硅就变得和铝一样得重要, 未来我们会增加更多天线至350座左右 以获得更佳的敏感度并藉着摩尔定律而利用更多（数据）处理能力。
silicon:n.[化学]硅;硅元素; aluminum:n.铝; antennas:n.[电讯]天线,[动]触角(antenna的复数形式); sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏; leveraging:v.利用贷款进行投机;(leverage的现在分词) processing:v.加工;处理;审核;数据处理;v.列队行进;缓缓前进;(process的现在分词) capability:n.才能,能力;性能,容量;
Today, our signal detection algorithms can find very simple artifacts and noise. 今天我们的信号侦测算法 可以分析出非常简单的人为信号和噪音。
artifacts:n.史前古器物;人工产品;
If you look very hard here you can see the signal from the Voyager 1 spacecraft , the most distant human object in the universe, 106 times as far away from us as the sun is. 如果你非常仔细地观察还能看到旅行者1号飞船发出的信号, 目前宇宙中离我们最远的人造物, 106倍于地球至太阳之间的距离。
Voyager:n.航海者,航行者; spacecraft:n.[宇]宇宙飞船;航天器;
And over those long distances, its signal is very faint when it reaches us. 经过这遥远的距离,当它的信号被我们接收到时已经变的非常微弱。
faint:n.昏厥;v.昏厥;adj.昏眩;(光,声,味)微弱的;微小的;可能性不大的;
It may be hard for your eye to see it, but it's easily found with our efficient algorithms. 可能用肉眼更难识别, 但是使用高效的算法就能很轻易分析出来。
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的;
But this is a simple signal, and tomorrow we want to be able to find more complex signals. 不过这是个简单的信号, 未来我们希望能分析出更加复杂的信号。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
This is a very good year. 今年是很棒的一年。
2009 is the 400th anniversary of Galileo's first use of the telescope, 2009是伽利略第一次使用望远镜的400周年,
Darwin's birthday, 200th birthday, the 150th anniversary of the publication of "On the Origin of Species ," 达尔文诞辰200周年, 《物种起源》出版150周年,
publication:n.出版物;发表;公布;发行; Species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
the 50th anniversary of SETI as a science, the 25th anniversary of the incorporation of the SETI Institute as a non-profit , and of course, the 25th anniversary of TED. SETI作为科学研究的50周年, SETI成为非盈利组织的25周年, 当然还有,TED25周年。
incorporation:n.公司;合并,编入;团体组织; Institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院; non-profit:adj.非营利的;
And next month, the Kepler Spacecraft will launch and will begin to tell us just how frequent Earth-like planets are, the targets for SETI's searches. 下个月,开普勒飞船会发射升空 并告诉我们像地球一样的行星在宇宙中的存在有多频繁, 这即是SETI搜索的目标们。
Kepler:na.Kepler; launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; frequent:adj.频繁的;经常发生的;v.常到(某处);
In 2009, the U.N. has declared it to be the International Year of Astronomy, a global festival to help us residents of Earth rediscover our cosmic origins and our place in the universe. 联合国宣布2009年为国际天文年, 一个全球性的节日旨在帮助 地球居民重新来探索我们的起源以及我们在宇宙中的位置。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; rediscover:vt.重新发现;再发现;
And in 2009, change has come to Washington, with a promise to put science in its rightful position. 并且在2009年,华盛顿有了新的改变, 这伴随着将科学回归到正确地位的承诺。
rightful:adj.合法的;正当的;公正的;正直的;
(Applause) （掌声）
So, what would change everything? 什么才能改变一切？
Well, this is the question the Edge foundation asked this year, and four of the respondents said, "SETI." 这是今年“边缘”组织所提出的问题, 而其中四个调查对象回答道: SETI 。
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; respondents:n.回答者,调查对象(respondent复数形式);
Why? 为什么？
Well, to quote : "The discovery of intelligent life beyond Earth would eradicate the loneliness and solipsism that has plagued our species since its inception . 有人说过: “对地球以外智慧生物的发现 将根除从最初就折磨着我们这个种族 的孤单与唯我论。
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; eradicate:vt.根除,根绝;消灭; plagued:v.困扰(plague的过去分词);折磨; inception:n.起初;获得学位;n.《盗梦空间》(电影名);
And it wouldn't simply change everything, it would change everything all at once." 这将不仅仅是改变一切, 它将彻彻底底地一次性改变所有事情。“
So, if that's right, why did we only capture four out of those 151 minds? 如果真是那样,为什么在151位被调查者中只有4位这样是认为？
capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获
I think it's a problem of completion and delivery , because the fine print said, "What game-changing ideas and scientific developments would you expect to live to see?" 我认为这是一个实现与表述上的问题, 因为那排小字上说了: ”你将希望在有生之年看到 什么样的震撼想法与科技发展？“
completion:n.完成,结束;实现; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; fine print:n.(协议或法律文件中易于被忽略但重要的)小号字印刷的附加条款;
So, we have a fulfillment problem. 这样我们就有了一个实践上的困难。
fulfillment:n.履行;实行;
We need bigger glasses and more hands in the water, and then working together, maybe we can all live to see the detection of the first extraterrestrial signal. 我们需要更大的镜片和更多的人手 加入进来共同努力,或许在我们的有生之年 可能会侦测到第一个来自地外的信号。
That brings me to my wish. 这就带出了我的愿望。
I wish that you would empower Earthlings everywhere to become active participants in the ultimate search for cosmic company. 我希望你们能鼓励 世界各地的地球人积极参与进 这个对宇宙同伴的终极搜索中来。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; Earthlings:n.世人,俗人;凡人(earthling的复数形式); participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式);
The first step would be to tap into the global brain trust , to build an environment where raw data could be stored, and where it could be accessed and manipulated , where new algorithms could be developed and old algorithms made more efficient. 第一步即是利用全球智囊团, 来建构一个原始数据, 这个原始数据能被储存、访问、操作, 同时新的算法将被开发而且原有算法亦可改进。
brain trust:智囊团; manipulated:v.(暗中)控制,操纵,影响;使用;治疗脱臼;(manipulate的过去式和过去分词)
And this is a technically creative challenge, and it would change the perspective of people who worked on it. 这是一个技术上的创新挑战, 它也将改变参与其中的人们视角。
creative:adj.创造性的;
And then, we'd like to augment the automated search with human insight . 接着,我们希望通过人工的分析来补强自动搜索。
augment:vi.增加;增大;vt.增加;增大;n.增加;增大; automated:adj.自动化的;v.(使)自动化;(automate的过去式和过去分词) insight:n.洞察力;洞悉;
We'd like to use the pattern recognition capability of the human eye to find faint, complex signals that our current algorithms miss. 我们想使用人眼的模式识别能力来帮助发现 现有算法所遗漏的黯淡、复杂的信号。
recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可;
And, of course, we'd like to inspire and engage the next generation. 当然我们很乐意启发及带动下一代。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
We'd like to take the materials that we have built for education, and get them out to students everywhere, students that can't come and visit us at the ATA. 我们希望能将已整理好的资料用于教学, 分发给各地的学生, 学生们不一定要前来ATA（艾伦望远镜阵列）访问我们。
We'd like to tell our story better, and engage young people, and thereby change their perspective. 我们希望能更好地讲述这些故事, 并让年轻人参与进来,借此来改变他们的视角。
thereby:adv.从而,因此;在那附近;在那方面;
I'm sorry Seth Godin, but over the millennia, we've seen where tribalism leads. 很抱歉赛思·戈丁,但是千年以来,我们已经看出部落制会走到什么地步。
tribalism:n.部落文化;部落制;部落制度;
We've seen what happens when we divide an already small planet into smaller islands. 我们看到了将一个本来就非常小的星球 再分割成许多小岛会发生什么。
And, ultimately, we actually all belong to only one tribe , to Earthlings. 最终,我们实际上只属于一个部落, 我们都是地球人。
tribe:n.部落;族;宗族;一伙;
And SETI is a mirror, a mirror that can show us ourselves from an extraordinary perspective, and can help to trivialize the differences among us. SETI是一面镜子, 一面能通过卓越视角 折射出我们自己 并削减人与人之间差异的镜子
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; trivialize:vt.使平凡;使琐碎;
If SETI does nothing but change the perspective of humans on this planet, then it will be one of the most profound endeavors in history. 如果SETI除了改变这个星球上人类的视角以外什么都没做到, 那它也可成为历史上影响最深远的运动之一。
endeavors:尽力;
So, in the opening days of 2009, a visionary president stood on the steps of the U.S. Capitol and said, "We cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass, that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve , that, as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself." 所以在2009年的开端, 一位具有远见卓识的总统踏入美国国会 并说到:“ 我们不得不相信 某天老旧的怨恨终会消散, 部落间的界线将会很快消失, 随着这个世界越发变小,我们集体的人性自会彰显。”
visionary:adj.梦想的;幻影的;n.空想家;梦想者;有眼力的人; Capitol:n.美国国会大厦;(美国)州议会大厦; cannot help but:无奈的; hatreds:n.憎恨;怨恨;敌意; dissolve:v.溶;使(固体)溶解;解除;终止;解散;消除;n.(电影、电视等画面的)渐隐 humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧;
So, I look forward to working with the TED community to hear about your ideas about how to fulfill this wish, and in collaborating with you, hasten the day that that visionary statement can become a reality. 我期待着与TED社区一同努力 倾听大家关于如何来完成这个愿望的意见, 以及与大家合作, 来促使这描述成真的那一天到来。
look forward to:盼望,期待; collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词) hasten:vt.加速;使赶紧;催促;vi.赶快;急忙; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）