JeremyJackson.2010Z-.我们如何损毁了海洋.；TED演讲稿

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JeremyJackson_2010Z-_我们如何损毁了海洋_
I'm an ecologist , mostly a coral reef ecologist.	我是一名生态学家, 主要是珊瑚礁生态学家。
ecologist:n.生态学者; coral:n.珊瑚;珊瑚虫;adj.珊瑚的;珊瑚色的; reef:礁,礁脉
I started out in Chesapeake Bay and went diving in the winter and became a tropical ecologist overnight .	我的研究工作起步于Chesapeake海湾我冬天出去潜水一夜之间成为一名热带生态学家
diving:n.潜水;跳水;跳水运动;v.下潜;跳水;潜水;(dive的现在分词) tropical:adj.热带的;热情的;酷热的; overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上;
And it was really a lot of fun for about 10 years.	这项工作充满了乐趣前后大约十年
I mean, somebody pays you to go around and travel and look at some of the most beautiful places on the planet.	我是说,有人付钱让你四处旅行欣赏地球上风景最美的地方
And that was what I did.	那就是我的工作。
And I ended up in Jamaica , in the West Indies , where the coral reefs were really among the most extraordinary , structurally , that I ever saw in my life.	最后我到了牙买加在西印度群岛那儿的珊瑚礁的确是结构上最为奇特的为我平生所罕见
Jamaica:n.牙买加(拉丁美洲一个国家); West Indies:n.西印度群岛(位于加勒比海和大西洋之间,包括安的列斯群岛和巴哈马群岛); reefs:n.礁石(reef的复数形式); v.收帆; extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; structurally:adv.在结构上;
And this picture here, it's really interesting, it shows two things:	这张照片很有意思,它显示了两点。
First of all , it's in black and white because the water was so clear and you could see so far, and film was so slow in the 1960s and early 70s, you took pictures in black and white.	首先,它是黑白的因为水是如此清澈你可以看得很远曝光很慢那是六十年代和七十年代早期照片都是黑白的
First of all:adv.首先; in black and white:白纸黑字;
The other thing it shows you is that, although there's this beautiful forest of coral, there are no fish in that picture.	它显示的另外一点纵然有这些美丽的珊瑚丛照片上却看不到鱼
Those reefs at Discovery Bay, Jamaica were the most studied coral reefs in the world for 20 years.	牙买加 Discovery湾的那些珊瑚礁是全球过去的20年中最受研究者关注的珊瑚礁
We were the best and the brightest.	当时我们是最优秀最杰出的
People came to study our reefs from Australia, which is sort of funny because now we go to theirs.	曾经有人从澳大利亚跑来研究我们的珊瑚礁这多少有些滑稽因为现在我们跑去研究他们的珊瑚礁
And the view of scientists about how coral reefs work, how they ought to be, was based on these reefs without any fish.	科学家们关于珊瑚礁的正常生长状态的观点都建立在这些不存在鱼类的珊瑚礁上
Then, in 1980, there was a hurricane , Hurricane Allen.	然后,到了1980年一场飓风袭来,飓风Allen
hurricane:n.飓风,暴风;
I put half the lab up in my house.	我把半个实验室搬到了我家里
The wind blew very strong.	狂风大作
The waves were 25 to 50 feet high.	海浪高达25 到50英尺
And the reefs disappeared , and new islands formed, and we thought, "Well, we're real smart.	珊瑚礁消失了,新的岛屿形成了我们想,“哦,我们真是太聪明了。
disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词)
We know that hurricanes have always happened in the past."	我们知道飓风历来都在发生。”
hurricanes:n.[气象]飓风(hurricane的复数);
And we published a paper in Science, the first time that anybody ever described the destruction on a coral reef by a major hurricane.	我们在《科学》杂志发表了一篇论文那是第一次有人描述珊瑚礁被一场大飓风毁灭的情景
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
And we predicted what would happen, and we got it all wrong.	我们对未来作出了预测结果我们全盘皆错
predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式)
And the reason was because of overfishing , and the fact that a last common grazer , a sea urchin , died.	原因就是过度捕捞还有就是最后一个食藻生物海胆死了
overfishing:n.渔捞过度;vt.过度捕捞(overfish的现在分词); grazer:n.吃草的动物,食草动物; sea urchin:[无脊椎]海胆;
And within a few months after that sea urchin dying, the seaweed started to grow.	海胆死后几个月之内海藻就开始生长
seaweed:n.海藻,海草;
And that is the same reef; that's the same reef 15 years ago; that's the same reef today.	那是同一个珊瑚礁 15年前的那个珊瑚礁这是今天的同一个珊瑚礁
The coral reefs of the north coast of Jamaica have a few percent live coral cover and a lot of seaweed and slime .	牙买加北海岸的珊瑚礁还剩下百分之几的活珊瑚覆盖率和大量的海藻及烂泥
slime:n.黏液;烂泥;vt.涂泥;vi.变粘滑;
And that's more or less the story of the coral reefs of the Caribbean , and increasingly , tragically , the coral reefs worldwide .	这大致就是加勒比海珊瑚礁的故事并悲剧性地日益成为全球珊瑚礁共同的命运
more or less:或多或少; Caribbean:adj.加勒比海的;加勒比人的;加勒比语的;n.加勒比海; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; tragically:adv.悲剧地;悲惨地; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
Now, that's my little, depressing story.	这就是我悲伤的小故事
depressing:adj.令人抑郁的; v.使沮丧; (depress的现在分词)
All of us in our 60s and 70s have comparable depressing stories.	我们所有的人在六七十年代都有类似悲伤的故事
comparable:adj.可比较的;比得上的;
There are tens of thousands of those stories out there, and it's really hard to conjure up much of a sense of well-being , because it just keeps getting worse.	成千上万个这样的故事在流传着让人很难唤起任何乐观的情绪因为情况在日益恶化
conjure up:想起,使在脑海中显现;用魔法召唤; well-being:n.幸福;康乐;
And the reason it keeps getting worse is that after a natural catastrophe , like a hurricane, it used to be that there was some kind of successional sequence of recovery , but what's going on now is that overfishing and pollution and climate change are all interacting in a way that prevents that.	日益恶化的原因是在自然灾害过后例如一场飓风以前通常会有一连串的恢复过程但现在的情况是过度捕捞、污染和气候变化彼此相互作用阻止这一过程的发生
catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败; successional:adj.连续性的;继续的,接连的; sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获; interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词)
And so I'm going to sort of go through and talk about those three kinds of things.	因此我想梳理并谈论一下这三件事情
We hear a lot about the collapse of cod.	我们经常听到关于鳕鱼的灭绝
collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭;
It's difficult to imagine that two, or some historians would say three world wars were fought during the colonial era for the control of cod.	我们很难想象两次,有些历史学家说三次殖民时期的世界大战都是为了争夺对鳕鱼的控制
colonial:n.殖民地居民;adj.殖民地的,殖民的;
Cod fed most of the people of Western Europe.	鳕鱼养活了大部分西欧人
It fed the slaves brought to the Antilles, the song "Jamaica Farewell " -- " Ackee rice salt fish are nice" -- is an emblem of the importance of salt cod from northeastern Canada.	也养活了被遣送到安地列斯群岛上的奴隶有首歌叫“告别牙买加” 阿开果饭和咸鳕鱼很美味” 表明了来自加拿大东北部的咸鳕鱼的重要性
Farewell:n.告别;辞行;v.为…举行送别仪式(或宴会); Ackee:n.[植]西非荔枝果;阿开木果; emblem:n.象征;徽章;符号;vt.象征;用符号表示;用纹章装饰; northeastern:adj.在东北的;东北方的;来自东北的;
It all collapsed in the 80s and the 90s: 35,000 people lost their jobs.	这一切都在八十和九十年代土崩瓦解 35000人丢掉了工作
collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式)
And that was the beginning of a kind of serial depletion from bigger and tastier species to smaller and not-so-tasty species, from species that were near to home to species that were all around the world, and what have you.	那仅仅是一系列枯竭的开始从味道鲜美的大型种类到味道一般的小型种类从家门口的种类到全球各地的种类你还剩下什么。
serial:adj.顺序排列的; n.电视连续剧; depletion:n.消耗;损耗;放血; tastier:较美味的(tasty的比较级); species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
It's a little hard to understand that, because you can go to a Costco in the United States and buy cheap fish.	这可能不容易理解因为你们可以在美国的Costco 买到便宜的鱼
Costco:n.美国科思科连锁企业; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
You ought to read the label to find out where it came from, but it's still cheap, and everybody thinks it's okay.	你们应该阅读一下标签看它来自何处但鱼还是很便宜所有人都觉得没事
label:n.标签;标记;谓;唱片公司;v.贴标签于;用标签标明;
It's hard to communicate this, and one way that I think is really interesting is to talk about sport fish, because people like to go out and catch fish.	这个信息很难传达因此我认为一种有趣的方式是讨论一下垂钓运动因为人们喜欢出去钓鱼
It's one of those things.	就像这个
This picture here shows the trophy fish, the biggest fish caught by people who pay a lot of money to get on a boat, go to a place off of Key West in Florida, drink a lot of beer, throw a lot of hooks and lines into the water, come back with the biggest and the best fish, and the champion trophy fish	照片上显示的是获胜的鱼人们钓到的最大的鱼有人花了很多钱开着船来到福罗里达州 Key West 附近的一个地方喝很多啤酒往水里扔一大堆鱼钩和鱼线结果钓到了最大最好的鱼获奖的这条冠军鱼
trophy:n.奖品,奖杯;奖;纪念品,战利品;adj.炫耀的;摆阔的;招摇的; hooks:n.钩子;[机]挂钩(hook的复数);v.[机]钩;钓(hook的第三人称单数);
are put on this board, where people take a picture, and this guy is obviously really excited about that fish.	就被摆到船上, 让人拍照显然这个家伙对那条鱼激动万分
Well, that's what it's like now, but this is what it was like in the 1950s from the same boat in the same place on the same board on the same dock .	好了,那就是眼下的情景但这个是五十年代的情景同样的船同样的地方同一个码头同一个船舷
dock:n.码头;船坞;被告席;尾巴的骨肉部分;vt.使靠码头;剪短;vi.入船坞;
The trophy fish were so big that you couldn't put any of those small fish up on it.	获胜的鱼是那么大那些小鱼根本没法比。
And the average size trophy fish weighed 250 to 300 pounds, goliath grouper , and if you wanted to go out and kill something, you could pretty much count on being able to catch one of those fish.	获胜的鱼的平均重量在250到300磅之间,巨型鲈鱼你如果想外出捕捞点什么你几乎肯定可以捕到一条那样的鱼
goliath:n.巨人;哥利亚(圣经中被大卫杀死的巨人); grouper:n.石斑鱼;鲶科鱼;鲈科之鱼;
And they tasted really good.	而且味道极其鲜美
And people paid less in 1950 dollars to catch that than what people pay now to catch those little, tiny fish.	人们在1950年捕捞大鱼所花的钱比现在抓小鱼所花的钱还少
And that's everywhere.	到处都是如此
It's not just the fish, though, that are disappearing .	不仅仅是鱼类正在消失
disappearing:v.消失;不复存在;灭绝;丢失(disappear的现在分词)
Industrial fishing uses big stuff , big machinery .	工业化捕捞用的是大家伙大机器
Industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: machinery:n.机械;机器;机构;机械装置;
We use nets that are 20 miles long.	我们使用20英里长的渔网
We use longlines that have one million or two million hooks.	极长的鱼线带有100万到200万个鱼钩
And we trawl , which means to take something the size of a tractor trailer truck that weighs thousands and thousands of pounds, put it on a big chain, and drag it across the sea floor to stir up the bottom and catch the fish.	我们使用拖网那就是说使用一个牵引式挂车那么大的东西重达几千磅挂上巨大的链子从海底横扫而过翻起海床来捕捉鱼类
trawl:n.拖网;排钩;vi.用拖网捕鱼;vt.用拖网捕鱼; trailer truck:拖车; drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石; stir:v.搅拌;搅动;激发;搅和;n.搅拌;搅动;震动;搅和;
Think of it as being kind of the bulldozing of a city or of a forest, because it clears it away.	可以把这想象成推倒一座城市或者一个森林因为一切被一扫而光
bulldozing:v.(用推土机)推倒,铲平;强行通过;强迫(bulldoze的现在分词)
And the habitat destruction is unbelievable .	那种栖息地的灭绝简直令人难以置信
habitat:n.[生态]栖息地,产地; unbelievable:adj.(非正式)难以置信的;不可信的
This is a photograph, a typical photograph, of what the continental shelves of the world look like.	这是一张照片一张典型的照片显示了全球大陆架的状况
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; continental:adj.大陆的;大陆性的;n.欧洲人;
You can see the rows in the bottom, the way you can see the rows in a field that has just been plowed to plant corn.	你们可以看到底部的条纹就好象你们能看到刚被犁过的玉米地
plowed:v.耕地;开路;破浪前进;(plow的过去分词和过去式)
What that was, was a forest of sponges and coral, which is a critical habitat for the development of fish.	那里曾经是海绵和珊瑚丛那是鱼类生长至关重要的栖息地
sponges:n.[无脊椎]海绵(sponge的复数形式); v.用海绵擦拭,吸收掉,抹掉(sponge的第三人称单数形式); critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
What it is now is mud, and the area of the ocean floor that has been transformed from forest to level mud, to parking lot , is equivalent to the entire area of all the forests that have ever been cut down on all of the earth in the history of humanity .	现在却成了泥土全球海底从丛林变为停车场式泥地的海域相当于人类历史上被砍伐的全球的所有森林的面积。
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) parking lot:n.停车场; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; cut down on:削减,减少; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
We've managed to do that in the last 100 to 150 years.	这一点我们是在过去100到150年间完成的
We tend to think of oil spills and mercury and we hear a lot about plastic these days.	我们总是想到石油泄漏或者水银现在人们也经常谈论塑料制品
spills:v.(使)洒出; n.洒出(量); (spill的第三人称单数和复数) mercury:n.[化]汞,水银;[天]水星;温度表;精神,元气;
And all of that stuff is really disgusting , but what's really insidious is the biological pollution that happens because of the magnitude of the shifts that it causes to entire ecosystems .	所有这些都很可恨但真正隐伏的危险是生物污染来源于它对整个生态系统造成的巨大的变迁
disgusting:adj.令人不快的;令人厌恶的;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;(disgust的现在分词) insidious:adj.阴险的;隐伏的;暗中为害的;狡猾的; biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; magnitude:n.大小;量级;[地震]震级;重要;光度; shifts:n.转移; v.转移; (shift的第三人称单数) ecosystems:n.生态系统(ecosystem的复数);
And I'm going to just talk very briefly about two kinds of biological pollution: one is introduced species and the other is what comes from nutrients .	我只想简要地讨论两种生物污染一是入侵物种另外一个来源于营养素
briefly:adv.简要地;简短地;暂时地; nutrients:营养盐;[食品]营养素;
So this is the infamous	这就是臭名昭著的
infamous:adj.声名狼藉的;无耻的;邪恶的;不名誉的;
Caulerpa taxifolia, the so-called killer algae .	杉叶蕨藻所谓的致命海藻
so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; algae:n.[植]藻类;[植]海藻;
A book was written about it.	有整整一本书写的就是这个
It's a bit of an embarrassment .	实在是令人尴尬
embarrassment:n.窘迫,难堪;使人为难的人或事物;拮据;
It was accidentally released from the aquarium in Monaco , it was bred to be cold tolerant to have in peoples aquaria.	它在偶然之间被从摩纳哥的一个水族馆释放出来它耐寒性强用于装点水族馆
accidentally:adv.意外地:偶然,偶然地; released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) aquarium:n.水族馆;养鱼池;玻璃缸; Monaco:n.摩纳哥(欧洲西南部国家); bred:v.交配繁殖;培育(动植物);孕育;导致;(breed的过去分词和过去式) tolerant:adj.宽容的;容忍的;有耐药力的;
It's very pretty, and it has rapidly started to overgrow the once very rich biodiversity of the northwestern Mediterranean .	非常漂亮它开始迅速地过度生长侵占了一度生物种类繁多的地中海西北部
overgrow:vt.长满于;长得超过;vi.生长过度; biodiversity:n.生物多样性; northwestern:adj.来自西北的;西北方的;在西北部的; Mediterranean:n.地中海;adj.地中海的;
I don't know how many of you remember the movie "The Little Shop of Horrors ,"	我不知道你们中间有多少人记得这部电影异形奇花”
Horrors:n.震惊;恐惧;厌恶;;令人厌恶的性质;(horror的复数)
but this is the plant of "The Little Shop of Horrors."	这就是异形奇花”中的植物
But, instead of devouring the people in the shop, what it's doing is overgrowing and smothering virtually all of the bottom-dwelling life of the entire northwestern	它没有吞噬小店里的人们而是疯狂生长扼杀了几乎所有的海底生物遍及整个
devouring:v.狼吞虎咽地吃光;津津有味地看;吞没;毁灭;(devour的现在分词) smothering:n.窒息;v.窒息(smother的现在分词); virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; bottom-dwelling:底栖生物;
Mediterranean Sea.	地中海西北部
We don't know anything that eats it, we're trying to do all sorts of genetics and figure out something that could be done, but, as it stands, it's the monster from hell, about which nobody knows what to do.	我们还未发现能够消灭它的东西我们在尝试各种基因工程来寻找解决办法但是,就目前来说,它就是来自地狱的恶魔人们对它无能为力
genetics:n.遗传学; monster:n.怪物;恶魔;庞然大物;adj.巨大的;
Now another form of pollution that's biological pollution is what happens from excess nutrients.	现在我们来看另一种污染生物污染来源于过量的营养素
excess:n.超过,超额;过度,过量;无节制;adj.额外的,过量的;附加的;
The green revolution , all of this artificial nitrogen fertilizer , we use too much of it.	绿色革命让我们过度使用人工氮肥
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环; artificial:adj.人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的; nitrogen:n.氮;氮气; fertilizer:n.[肥料]肥料;受精媒介物;促进发展者;
It's subsidized , which is one of the reasons we used too much of it.	政府补助,是我们过度使用的原因之一
subsidized:adj.补贴的,补助的;v.资助或补助(subsidize的过去时和过去分词);
It runs down the rivers, and it feeds the plankton , the little microscopic plant cells in the coastal water.	它沿河流而下被浮游生物吸食就是那些极小的植物细胞生长于沿海水域
plankton:n.浮游生物(总称); microscopic:adj.微观的;用显微镜可见的; coastal:adj.沿海的;海岸的;
But since we ate all the oysters and we ate all the fish that would eat the plankton, there's nothing to eat the plankton and there's more and more of it, so it dies of old age, which is unheard of for plankton.	但是由于我们吃光了所有的牡蛎和所有吞食这些浮游生物的鱼类没有生物再去吞食这些浮游生物所以它们越长越多直到自然死亡对浮游生物来说这是前所未有的
oysters:n.牡蛎:生蚝: unheard:adj.听不到的;未被倾听的;不予理睬的;
And when it dies, it falls to the bottom and then it rots, which means that bacteria break it down.	死亡后它沉入水底然后腐烂这就意味着细菌会将它分解
bacteria:n.[微]细菌;
And in the process they use up all the oxygen, and in using up all the oxygen they make the environment utterly lethal for anything that can't swim away.	在此过程中它们耗尽了所有的氧气在所有的氧气被耗尽之后就给任何无法游走的生物造成一个完全致命的环境
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; utterly:adv.完全地;绝对地;全然地;彻底地,十足地; lethal:adj.致命的,致死的;n.致死因子;
So, what we end up with is a microbial zoo dominated by bacteria and jellyfish , as you see on the left in front of you.	最后我们所得到的就是一个微生物动物园被细菌所控制还有水母,你们看在你们的左前方
microbial:adj.微生物的;由细菌引起的; dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词) jellyfish:n.水母;[无脊椎]海蜇;软弱无能的人;
And the only fishery left -- and it is a commercial fishery -- is the jellyfish fishery you see on the right, where there used to be prawns .	仅存的一个渔场商业渔场是个水母渔场再看你们的右边,曾经有过对虾
fishery:n.渔业;渔场;水产业; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; prawns:n.大虾,对虾(prawn的复数);v.提对虾(prawn的三单形式);
Even in Newfoundland where we used to catch cod, we now have a jellyfish fishery.	甚至在纽芬兰岛我们曾经捕捞鳕鱼的地方现在也有一个水母渔场
And another version of this sort of thing is what is often called red tides or toxic blooms .	这类状况的另一个翻版就是我们经常所说的红潮即有毒水华
tides:n.[海洋]潮汐(tide的复数);v.随潮水漂浮(tide的第三人称单数); toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的; blooms:n.花朵(bloom的复数);[生态]水华;v.开花(bloom的三单形式);
That picture on the left is just staggering to me.	这张照片简直触目惊心
staggering:adj.惊人的; v.蹒跚; (stagger的现在分词)
I have talked about it a million times, but it's unbelievable.	我已经谈论过无数次了但它还是令人难以置信
In the upper right of that picture on the left is almost the Mississippi Delta , and the lower left of that picture is the Texas-Mexico border.	在左边那张照片的右上角是密西西比三角洲那张照片的左下角是德克萨斯和墨西哥交界处
upper:adj.上面的;内陆的;n.靴面;兴奋剂; Delta:n.(河流的)三角洲;德耳塔(希腊字母的第四个字);
You're looking at the entire northwestern Gulf of Mexico; you're looking at one toxic dinoflagellate bloom that can kill fish, made by that beautiful little creature on the lower right.	你们所看到的是整个墨西哥湾西北部你们所看到的是一个有毒的可以杀死鱼类的腰鞭毛虫水华就是那些漂亮的小生物在右下角
Gulf:n.海湾;深渊;分歧;漩涡;vt.吞没; dinoflagellate:n.腰鞭毛虫;腰鞭毛虫的; creature:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人;
And in the upper right you see this black sort of cloud moving ashore .	在右上角你们可以看到黑色的云团向岸边移动
ashore:adv.在岸上;向岸;adj.在岸上的;在陆上的;
That's the same species.	那是同样的生物
And as it comes to shore and the wind blows, and little droplets of the water get into the air, the emergency rooms of all the hospitals fill up with people with acute respiratory distress .	当它飘到岸边,风开始刮起小水珠进入空气所有医院的急症室就挤满了急性呼吸窘迫症患者
droplets:n.[流]液滴(droplet的复数);飞沫; emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的; acute:adj.严重的,[医]急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的; respiratory:adj.呼吸的; distress:n.危难,不幸;贫困;悲痛;v.使悲痛;使贫困;
And that's retirement homes on the west coast of Florida.	那是老人院在佛罗里达西海岸
retirement:n.退休;退职;退休年龄;退休生活; west coast:n.美国西海岸(尤指加利福尼亚州);
A friend and I did this thing in Hollywood we called Hollywood ocean night, and I was trying to figure out how to explain to actors what's going on.	我和一个朋友在好莱坞演讲我们称之为好莱坞海洋之夜我在琢磨着怎样向演员们解释目前的状况
And I said, "So, imagine you're in a movie called 'Escape from Malibu' because all the beautiful people have moved to North Dakota , where it's clean and safe.	我说, “好的,想象你身处一部叫做‘逃离马里布海滩’的电影因为所有的俊男美女都搬到了干净安全的北达科它州
Dakota:n.达科他(美国过去一地区名,现分为南,北达科他州);adj.达科他人的;
And the only people who are left there are the people who can't afford to move away from the coast, because the coast, instead of being paradise , is harmful to your health."	这儿剩下的都是那些没钱搬离海边的人因为海边不再是天堂而会摧毁你的健康。”
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; paradise:n.天堂;至福境地;
And then this is amazing.	这又是触目惊心。
It was when I was on holiday last early autumn in France.	这是我去年初秋在法国度假时拍的
This is from the coast of Brittany , which is being enveloped in this green, algal slime.	这是布里特尼海岸被覆盖在一片绿色海藻泥下
Brittany:n.布列塔尼(法国西北部一地区); enveloped:n.折叠条;v.包围(envelop的过去分词); algal:adj.海藻的;
The reason that it attracted so much attention, besides the fact that it's disgusting, is that sea birds flying over it are asphyxiated by the smell and die, and a farmer died of it, and you can imagine the scandal that happened.	它之所以引起这么多关注的原因除了它确实极其恶心之外也是因为海鸟飞过时因臭味窒息而亡有一个农民也这样死去, 你们可以想象有此而滋生的丑闻
besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外; asphyxiated:v.使窒息;闷死;(asphyxiate的过去分词和过去式) scandal:n.丑闻;流言蜚语;诽谤;公愤;
And so there's this war between the farmers and the fishermen about it all, and the net result is that the beaches of Brittany have to be bulldozed of this stuff on a regular basis.	一场战争在农民和渔夫之间爆发最后的结果是布里特尼海滩必须定期地铲除这些东西
bulldozed:v.(用推土机)推倒,铲平;强行通过;强迫(bulldoze的过去分词和过去式)
And then, of course, there's climate change, and we all know about climate change.	当然还有气候变化我们都知道气候变化
I guess the iconic figure of it is the melting of the ice in the Arctic Sea.	我想最具标志性的形象就是就是北极海域冰层的融化
iconic:adj.图标的,形象的; melting:adj.感人的;v.(使)熔化,融化;(melt的现在分词) Arctic:adj.北极的;北极地区的;极冷的;严寒的;n.北极;北极地区;
Think about the thousands and thousands of people who died trying to find the Northwest Passage.	想想那成千上万个为寻找西北航道而死去的人们
Well, the Northwest Passage is already there.	现在西北航道就在那里
I think it's sort of funny; it's on the Siberian coast, maybe the Russians will charge tolls .	我觉得这有点滑稽它地处西伯利亚海岸也许俄国政府应当征收过路费
Siberian:adj.西伯利亚(人)的;来自西伯利亚的; tolls:n.通行费; vt.征收通行税;
The governments of the world are taking this really seriously.	全世界的政府都在严肃对待这件事情
The military of the Arctic nations is taking it really seriously.	北极附近国家的军队都在严肃对待这件事情
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
For all the denial of climate change by government leaders, the CIA and the navies of Norway and the U.S. and Canada, whatever are busily thinking about how they will secure their territory in this inevitability from their point of view .	不管各国领导人如何否认气候变化美国中情局挪威海军美国和加拿大的海军,等等都在忙着考虑如何从他们的角度在这个无法避免的情势下守住自己的地盘
denial:n.否认;否定;剥夺(应有的权利);拒不承认(令人不快、痛苦的事); navies:n.海军;深蓝色的; busily:adv.忙碌地,起劲地; territory:n.领土,领域;范围;地域;版图; inevitability:n.必然性;不可逃避; point of view:观点;见地;立场;
And, of course, Arctic communities are toast .	当然,北极群落就完蛋了
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) toast:n.干杯; v.为…干杯;
The other kinds of effects of climate change -- this is coral bleaching . It's a beautiful picture, right?	气候变化的其它效应-- 这是珊瑚白化。右边,是一张美丽的照片
bleaching:v.(使)变白,漂白,晒白,退色(bleach的现在分词)
All that white coral.	那么多白色的珊瑚
Except it's supposed to be brown.	只不过它们本来应该是棕色的。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
What happens is that the corals are a symbiosis , and they have these little algal cells that live inside them.	事情的来由是珊瑚是一种共生生物有些微小的藻类细胞生存在其内部
corals:n.[无脊椎]珊瑚(coral的复数); symbiosis:n.[生态]共生;合作关系;共栖;
And the algae give the corals sugar, and the corals give the algae nutrients and protection.	藻类为珊瑚提供糖分珊瑚为藻类提供养分和保护
But when it gets too hot, the algae can't make the sugar.	但当温度过高时藻类就无法制造糖分
The corals say, "You cheated. You didn't pay your rent."	珊瑚就说,”你这个骗子,你不交房租。“
They kick them out, and then they die.	于是就把它们赶出去,于是它们就死了。
Not all of them die; some of them survive, some more are surviving, but it's really bad news.	不是所有都死;有些存活下来了。还有更多的在存活着, 但这确实是个坏消息。
To try and give you a sense of this, imagine you go camping in July somewhere in Europe or in North America , and you wake up the next morning, and you look around you, and you see that 80 percent of the trees, as far as you can see , have dropped their leaves and are standing there naked .	让我试着帮助你们来感知一下, 想象你七月份去露营在欧洲或者北美的什么地方第二天早上醒来,你环顾四周, 发现百分之八十的树在你视线所及范围内都已经掉光了树叶,光秃秃地立在那儿
North America:n.北美洲; as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; naked:adj.裸体的;无装饰的;无证据的;直率的;
And you come home, and you discover that 80 percent of all the trees in North America and in Europe have dropped their leaves.	你回到家,发现北美和欧洲百分之八十的树都已经掉光了它们的叶子
And then you read in the paper a few weeks later, "Oh, by the way , a quarter of those died."	然后几个星期之后你在报纸上看到噢,顺便说一下,四分之一的树都死了。
by the way:顺便说一下;
Well, that's what happened in the Indian Ocean during the 1998 El Nino, an area vastly greater than the size of North America and Europe, when 80 percent of all the corals bleached and a quarter of them died.	那就是印度洋所发生的状况在1998年厄尔尼诺现象过程中, 在一个面积大大超过北美和欧洲的区域百分之八十的珊瑚发生了白化四分之一珊瑚死去。
vastly:adv.极大地;广大地;深远地; bleached:adj.漂白的;v.(使)变白,漂白,退色(bleach的过去分词和过去式)
And then the really scary thing about all of this -- the overfishing, the pollution and the climate change -- is that each thing doesn't happen in a vacuum .	然而真正可怕的事情是所有这些过度捕捞,污染,和气候变化每件事都并非发生在真空里,
vacuum:n.真空; adj.真空的; v.用真空吸尘器清扫;
But there are these, what we call, positive feedbacks , the synergies among them that make the whole vastly greater than the sum of the parts.	但是因为存在着所谓的积极反馈它们之间的协同作用使得整体效应远远大于局部的总和。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; feedbacks:n.回馈; synergies:n.协同增效效应;合并效果(synergy的复数);
And the great scientific challenge for people like me in thinking about all this, is do we know how to put Humpty Dumpty back together again?	最大的科学挑战对于象我这样思考这些问题的人就是我们是否知道如何把摔碎的蛋形人重新修复？
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; Humpty:n.软垫矮座椅; Dumpty:矮胖的人;
I mean, because we, at this point, we can protect it.	我是说,因为我们现在还可以保护它。
But what does that mean?	但那意味着什么？
We really don't know.	我们真的不知道
So what are the oceans going to be like in 20 or 50 years?	那么在20或50年之后海洋会是一副什么景象？
Well, there won't be any fish except for minnows , and the water will be pretty dirty, and all those kinds of things and full of mercury, etc., etc.	不会再有鱼除了一些小鲦鱼, 海水会很肮脏所有那些东西都充斥着水银,等等,等等
minnows:n.小鱼;鲰(minnow的复数形式);
And dead zones will get bigger and bigger and they'll start to merge, and we can imagine something like the dead-zonification of the global , coastal ocean.	死亡区域会越变越大然后它们开始汇合于是我们可以想象类似全球沿海地区的划分出死亡区域。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
Then you sure won't want to eat fish that were raised in it, because it would be a kind of gastronomic Russian roulette .	你肯定不会想吃那儿出产的鱼, 因为那简直就是饮食的死亡赌博游戏
gastronomic:adj.烹任学的;美食法的; Russian roulette:n.俄罗斯轮盘赌(危险游戏,参加者用装有一发子弹的转轮手枪对准自己头部射击);
Sometimes you have a toxic bloom; sometimes you don't.	有时你会碰上有毒水华有时又没有
That doesn't sell.	那是不会有市场的
The really scary things though are the physical , chemical , oceanographic things that are happening.	但是真正可怕的是正在发生的物理的,化学的和海洋学的变化。
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; oceanographic:adj.海洋学的;有关海洋学的(等于oceanographical);
As the surface of the ocean gets warmer, the water is lighter when it's warmer, it becomes harder and harder to turn the ocean over.	当海洋表面温度升高, 海水变轻, 海洋变得越来越不易翻转。
We say it becomes more strongly stratified .	我们称之为越来越严重的层化
stratified:adj.分层的;形成阶层的;分为不同等级的;v.使成层(stratify的过去分词);
The consequence of that is that all those nutrients that fuel the great anchoveta fisheries , of the sardines of California or in Peru or whatever, those slow down and those fisheries collapse.	其后果是所有的养分那些供给大型鳀鱼渔场, 加州沙丁渔场, 秘鲁或其它地方渔场的养分都放慢了速度, 那些渔场就倒闭了。
consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论; fisheries:n.渔业;渔场(fishery的复数);捕鱼术;渔业公司; sardines:n.沙丁鱼(sardine的复数形式);沙丁油鱼;
And, at the same time , water from the surface, which is rich in oxygen, doesn't make it down and the ocean turns into a desert.	同时表面氧气充足的海水无法下沉, 海洋就变成了沙漠。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
So the question is: How are we all going to respond to this?	因此问题是:我们应该如何对此作出应对？
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
And we can do all sorts of things to fix it, but in the final analysis , the thing we really need to fix is ourselves.	我们可以做各种事情来进行补救, 但最终, 我们最需要补救的是我们自己。
analysis:n.分析;分解;验定;
It's not about the fish; it's not about the pollution; it's not about the climate change.	这不是鱼,不是污染; 也不是气候变化。
It's about us and our greed and our need for growth and our inability to imagine a world that is different from the selfish world we live in today.	而是我们自己。我们的贪婪和对增长的需求以及我们无法想象一个不同于我们今天所生活的自私的世界。
greed:n.贪婪,贪心; inability:n.无能力;无才能;
So the question is: Will we respond to this or not?	问题在于:我们是否将对此作出应对？
I would say that the future of life and the dignity of human beings depends on our doing that.	我要说生命的未来和人类的尊严取决于我们作出回应。
dignity:n.尊严;高贵;
Thank you. (Applause)	谢谢。

JeremyJackson_2010Z-_我们如何损毁了海洋_