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JenniferBrea_2016T-_当你的疾病医生无法诊断时该怎么办？_
Thank you. 谢谢你们。
[Jennifer Brea is sound-sensitive. [珍妮佛 布列对声音敏感。
The live audience was asked to applaud ASL-style, in silence .] 现场观众被要求以无声的手语式鼓掌。]
applaud:v.欢呼;赞成; in silence:沉默地;
So, five years ago, this was me. 这是五年前的我。
I was a PhD student at Harvard , and I loved to travel. 我那时是哈佛大学攻读博士的学生, 我非常喜欢旅游。
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
I had just gotten engaged to marry the love of my life. 我那时刚与我生命的最爱订婚。
engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式)
I was 28, and like so many of us when we are in good health, 我那时28岁,和我们许多人一样在健康时候,
I felt like I was invincible . 我觉得我是无所不能。
invincible:adj.无敌的;不能征服的;
Then one day I had a fever of 104.7 degrees. 突然有一天,我发烧到104.7度。
I probably should have gone to the doctor, but I'd never really been sick in my life, and I knew that usually, if you have a virus, you stay home and you make some chicken soup, and in a few days, everything will be fine. 我那时应该去看医生, 但是我从没生过什么病, 我知道通常如果你感染了病毒, 你应该在家里休息,煮一些鸡汤, 几天后,你就没事了。
But this time it wasn't fine. 但是这次不是这样。
After the fever broke, for three weeks I was so dizzy , I couldn't leave my house. 我发烧以后, 我晕眩了三个星期,我根本无法出门。
dizzy:adj.晕眩的; vt.使头晕眼花;
I would walk straight into door frames . 我常常撞到门框。
frames:n.[计][电子][通信]帧,[电影]画面;[建][计]框架;眼镜架(frame的复数);
I had to hug the walls just to make it to the bathroom. 我必须摸着墙壁才能去到浴室。
That spring I got infection after infection, and every time I went to the doctor, he said there was absolutely nothing wrong. 那个春天我一直重覆感染, 每一次我去看医生, 他说我绝对没有什么问题。
infection:n.感染;传染;(身体某部位的)感染;传染病; absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
He had his laboratory tests, which always came back normal. 他做了一些檢验, 结果都是正常。
laboratory:n.实验室,研究室;
All I had were my symptoms , which I could describe , but no one else can see. 我可以形容我的症状, 我可以形容我的症状, 但是没有人看得到。
symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数) describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
I know it sounds silly, but you have to find a way to explain things like this to yourself, and so I thought maybe I was just aging. 我知道听起来很可笑, 但是你必须找到方法来说服你自己, 所以我想或许我只是在老化。
Maybe this is what it's like to be on the other side of 25. 或许这就像是在25岁的另一头。
on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Then the neurological symptoms started. 然后神经的症状开始出现。
neurological:adj.神经病学的,神经学上的;
Sometimes I would find that I couldn't draw the right side of a circle. 有时我发现我无法画圆形的右边。
Other times I wouldn't be able to speak or move at all. 有时我完全无法说话或者无法动。
I saw every kind of specialist: infectious disease doctors, dermatologists , endocrinologists, cardiologists . 我看过每一科的专科医师: 感染科医师、皮肤科医师、内分泌专家、 心脏科医师、
infectious:adj.传染的;传染性的;易传染的; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; dermatologists:n.皮肤病医生;皮肤病专家;(dermatologist的复数) cardiologists:心脏病专家;
I even saw a psychiatrist . 我甚至看了精神科医师。
psychiatrist:n.精神病学家,精神病医生;
My psychiatrist said, "It's clear you're really sick, but not with anything psychiatric . 我的精神科医师说, 但不是精神疾病,我希望他们可以找到你的问题。」
psychiatric:adj.精神病学的;精神病治疗的;
I hope they can find out what's wrong with you."
The next day, my neurologist diagnosed me with conversion disorder . 隔一天,我的神经科医师诊断我有转换障碍。
neurologist:神经学家;神经科专门医师; diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式) conversion:n.转换;变换;[金融]兑换;改变信仰; disorder:n.混乱;骚乱;vt.使失调;扰乱;
He told me that everything — the fevers, the sore throats, the sinus infection, all of the gastrointestinal , neurological and cardiac symptoms — were being caused by some distant emotional trauma that I could not remember. 他告诉我所有的问题 － 发烧、喉咙痛、鼻窦炎、 所有的胃肠、神经和心脏症状 － 都是因为我不记得的一些过去的情绪创伤所引起的。 都是因为我不记得的一些过去的情绪创伤所引起的。
sore:n.疮;痛处;伤处;adj.(发炎)疼痛的;酸痛的;气恼;愤慨; sinus:n.[生物]窦;静脉窦;下陷或凹下去的地方; gastrointestinal:adj.胃肠的; cardiac:n.强心剂;强胃剂;adj.心脏的;心脏病的;贲门的; distant:adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤;
The symptoms were real, he said, but they had no biological cause. 他说,那些症状都是真的, 但是它们的病因与生理无关。
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品;
I was training to be a social scientist . 我那时学的是社会科学。
social scientist:n.社会科学家;
I had studied statistics , probability theory, mathematical modeling, experimental design. 我修过统计学、机率理论、 数学建模、实验设计。
statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数) probability:n.可能性;机率;[数]或然率; mathematical:adj.数学的,数学上的;精确的; experimental:adj.实验的;根据实验的;试验性的;
I felt like I couldn't just reject my neurologist's diagnosis . 我觉得我不能否认我的神经科医生的诊断。
reject:v.排斥;拒收;拒绝接受;不予考虑;n.废品;次品;不合格者;被剔除者; diagnosis:n.诊断;
It didn't feel true, but I knew from my training that the truth is often counterintuitive , so easily obscured by what we want to believe. 我感觉实际并非如此, 但从我的训练我知道真理往往是违反直觉。 所以直觉很容易地因为我们想要相信而被遮蔽了。
counterintuitive:adj.违反直觉的; obscured:adj.遮蔽的;湮没的;v.掩盖;使含混;变得模糊(obscure的过去分词);
So I had to consider the possibility that he was right. 我必须考虑医生的诊断是正确的可能性。
That day, I ran a small experiment. 那天,我做了一个小实验。
I walked back the two miles from my neurologist's office to my house, my legs wrapped in this strange, almost electric kind of pain. 我走了两英里,从我的神经科医师的诊所回到家里, 我的腿感觉被包在一种奇怪的像是被电到的痛苦。
wrapped:adj.极高兴的;十分满意的;v.用…包裹;用…缠绕;(wrap的过去分词和过去式) electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的;
I meditated on that pain, contemplating how my mind could have possibly generated all this. 我对着那个痛感冥思, 思维着我的心如何有可能产生这一切。
meditated:vt.考虑;计划;企图;vi.冥想;沉思; contemplating:v.考虑;思量;考虑接受;深思熟虑;沉思;(contemplate的现在分词) generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
As soon as I walked through the door, 当我走进门时,
As soon as:一…就;
I collapsed . 我瘫痪在地上。
collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式)
My brain and my spinal cord were burning. 我的头脑和我的脊椎像是在燃烧。
spinal cord:n.脊髓;
My neck was so stiff I couldn't touch my chin to my chest, and the slightest sound — the rustling of the sheets , my husband walking barefoot in the next room — could cause excruciating pain. 我的脖子僵硬到我的下巴无法碰到我的胸部, 而且很小的声音 － 床单的沙沙声, 我的丈夫在隔壁房间赤脚走路的声音－ 都让我感到极度的痛苦。
stiff:adj.呆板的; v.僵硬地; n.死尸; v.诈骗; chin:n.下巴;颏;v.(口)用下巴夹住(提琴等);(单杠)引体向上使下巴高过横杠;谈话; slightest:adj.极不重要的,最少的; rustling:n.沙沙声; v.沙沙作响; (rustle的现在分词) sheets:n.床单;被单;薄片,薄板;(sheet的复数) barefoot:adj.赤脚的;adv.赤着脚地; excruciating:adj.折磨人的;极痛苦的;极坏的;v.折磨;使受酷刑;(excruciate的现在分词)
I would spend most of the next two years in bed. 接下来的两年我都卧床。
How could my doctor have gotten it so wrong? 我的医师怎能错得如此离谱？
I thought I had a rare disease, something doctors had never seen. 我以为我得到罕见的疾病, 医生从没见过的。
And then I went online and found thousands of people all over the world living with the same symptoms, similarly isolated , similarly disbelieved . 后来我就上网 发现世界各地有数千人 有着同样的症状, 同样的孤立, 同样的无法相信。
similarly:adv.同样地;类似于; isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离; disbelieved:vt.不信;怀疑;vi.不信;怀疑;
Some could still work, but had to spend their evenings and weekends in bed, just so they could show up the next Monday. 有些人还可以工作, 但是晚上和周末就只能卧床, 他们才有可能在下个星期一去上班。
On the other end of the spectrum , some were so sick they had to live in complete darkness, unable to tolerate the sound of a human voice or the touch of a loved one. 在另一端, 有些人严重到 他们只能在完全黑暗中生活, 无法容忍任何人的声音 或是被所爱的人触摸。
spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象; tolerate:v.容忍;忍受;容许;包容;
I was diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis . 我被诊断为肌痛性脑脊髓炎。
encephalomyelitis:n.[内科]脑脊髓炎;
You've probably heard it called " chronic fatigue syndrome ." 你们可能听过,它也被称为“慢性疲劳综合症”。
chronic fatigue syndrome:n.肌痛性脑脊髓炎;慢性疲劳综合征;
For decades, that's a name that's meant that this has been the dominant image of a disease that can be as serious as this. 数十年来这个病名 意味着 一直主导的形象是 这个疾病可以是如此严重。
dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性;
The key symptom we all share is that whenever we exert ourselves — physically, mentally — we pay and we pay hard. 我们都有的主要的症状是 每当我们过度使用我们的身体或精神, 我们就要付出代价,很大的代价。
exert:v.施加;努力;运用;行使; mentally:adv.精神上,智力上;心理上;
If my husband goes for a run, he might be sore for a couple of days. 如果我丈夫去跑步,他可能会酸痛一两天。
If I try to walk half a block, I might be bedridden for a week. 如果我尝试走半条街,我可能就会卧床一个星期。
bedridden:adj.卧床不起的;
It is a perfect custom prison. 这是一个完美的订制监狱。
I know ballet dancers who can't dance, accountants who can't add, medical students who never became doctors. 我认识无法跳舞的芭蕾舞者, 无法做加法的会计师, 无法成为医生的医科学生。
ballet:n.芭蕾舞;芭蕾舞团;芭蕾舞剧; accountants:n.会计;会计师;(accountant的复数)
It doesn't matter what you once were; you can't do it anymore. 无论你曾经是什么; 你都无法再做了。
It's been four years, and I've still never been as well as I was the minute before I walked home from my neurologist's office. 已经四年了, 我还是无法恢复到 我从我的神经医师的诊所走回家前的那一分钟的状态。
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
It's estimated that about 15 to 30 million people around the world have this disease. 根据统计,全世界大约有一千五百到三千万人 罹患这个疾病。
estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
In the US, where I'm from, it's about one million people. 在美国,我的家乡,大约有一百万人。
That makes it roughly twice as common as multiple sclerosis . 它大约是多发性硬化的两倍。
roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; multiple sclerosis:n.多发性硬化;
Patients can live for decades with the physical function of someone with congestive heart failure . 有充血性心力衰竭的患者可以活几十年。 有充血性心力衰竭的患者可以活几十年。
Patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; congestive:adj.充血的,充血性的; heart failure:n.心力衰竭;
Twenty-five percent of us are homebound or bedridden, and 75 to 85 percent of us can't even work part-time. 我们有25%的人无法出门或整日卧床, 我们有75％到85％的人甚至不能做兼职的工作。
homebound:adj.回家的,回家乡的;
Yet doctors do not treat us and science does not study us. 然而,医生不治疗我们, 科学不研究我们。
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
How could a disease this common and this devastating have been forgotten by medicine? 为何这么常见和如此具毁灭性的疾病, 被医学遗忘了呢？
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词)
When my doctor diagnosed me with conversion disorder, he was invoking a lineage of ideas about women's bodies that are over 2,500 years old. 当我的医生诊断我的病为转换障碍, 他所用的是关于妇女身体的传统想法, 那是2,500年以来的想法。
invoking:v.援引,援用;提及,援引;提出;(invoke的现在分词) lineage:n.血统;家系,[遗]世系;
The Roman physician Galen thought that hysteria was caused by sexual deprivation in particularly passionate women. 罗马时代的加伦医生认为 歇斯底里症是由于缺乏性生活所造成的, 特别是热情的妇女。
Roman:n.罗马人;古罗马语;adj.罗马的;罗马人的; physician:n.[医]医师;内科医师; Galen:n.伽林(古希腊名医及有关医术的作家); hysteria:n.癔病,歇斯底里;不正常的兴奋; sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; deprivation:n.剥夺;损失;免职;匮乏;贫困; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的;
The Greeks thought the uterus would literally dry up and wander around the body in search of moisture , pressing on internal organs — causing symptoms from extreme emotions to dizziness and paralysis . 希腊人认为子宫会干掉 并在身体各处寻找水分, 给内脏造成压力 - 引起极端情绪化的症状, 头晕和瘫痪。
uterus:n.[解剖]子宫; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: moisture:n.水分;湿度;潮湿;降雨量; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; organs:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴(organ的复数); extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数) dizziness:n.头晕;头昏眼花; paralysis:n.麻痹;无力;停顿;
The cure was marriage and motherhood . 治愈的方法是结婚和成为母亲。
motherhood:n.母性;母亲身份;
These ideas went largely unchanged for several millennia until the 1880s, when neurologists tried to modernize the theory of hysteria. 这些想法从几千年前到1880年代,基本上没有改变, 直到神经学家试图将歇斯底里的理论现代化。
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; unchanged:adj.未改变的; millennia:n.千年期(millennium的复数);一千年;千年庆典;太平盛世; neurologists:n.神经病学家;神经科专门医师; modernize:vt.使…现代化;vi.现代化;
Sigmund Freud developed a theory that the unconscious mind could produce physical symptoms when dealing with memories or emotions too painful for the conscious mind to handle . 弗洛伊德制定了一个理论 那就是潜意识的心可能产生身体症状, 当它在处理记忆或情绪 因为太痛苦,清醒的意识无法处理。
Freud:n.佛洛伊德(1856-1939,奥地利心理分析学家及精神病学家); unconscious:adj.无意识的;失去知觉的;未发觉的; painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的; handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸;
It converted these emotions into physical symptoms. 它将这些情绪转化成生理的症状。
converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的;v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式);
This meant that men could now get hysteria, but of course women were still the most susceptible . 这意味着男人是可能得到歇斯底里症, 但当然妇女还是最容易得的。
susceptible:adj.易受影响的;易感动的;容许…的;n.易得病的人;
When I began investigating the history of my own disease, 当我开始调查我的疾病的历史,
investigating:v.调查;研究;审查;(investigate的现在分词)
I was amazed to find how deep these ideas still run. 我很惊讶于发现这些想法仍然深植于人心。
In 1934, 198 doctors, nurses and staff at the Los Angeles County General Hospital became seriously ill. 在1934年, 在洛杉矶县总医院有198位医师、护士、和医疗工作人员 生了重病。
County:n.郡,县;
They had muscle weakness, stiffness in the neck and back, fevers — all of the same symptoms I had when I first got diagnosed. 他们有肌肉无力、颈部和背部僵硬、和发烧等症状－ 就是我刚被诊断时的所有一样的症状。
muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出; stiffness:n.僵硬;坚硬;不自然;顽固; all of the same:仍旧;
Doctors thought it was a new form of polio . 那时医生认为这是一种新的小儿麻痹症。
polio:n.小儿麻痹症(等于poliomyelitis);脊髓灰质炎;
Since then, there have been more than 70 outbreaks documented around the world, of a strikingly similar post-infectious disease. 从那时起,世界上有超过70起的发病记录, 从那时起,世界上有超过70起的发病记录, 几乎和感染后疾病完全相似。
outbreaks:n.(战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;vi.爆发; strikingly:adv.显著地;突出地,引人注目地;
All of these outbreaks have tended to disproportionately affect women, and in time, when doctors failed to find the one cause of the disease, they thought that these outbreaks were mass hysteria. 这些发病都不成比率地发生在妇女身上。 过了一段时间,当医生找不到单一病因, 他们认为这些病例是集体性歇斯底里症。
disproportionately:adv.不成比例地; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集;
Why has this idea had such staying power ? 为什么这个想法有如此持续力呢？
staying power:n.持久力;耐力;
I do think it has to do with sexism , but I also think that fundamentally , doctors want to help. 我觉得这是和性别歧视有关, 但我也认为,从根本上说,医生是想幫助。
sexism:n.(针对女性的)性别歧视;男性至上主义; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
They want to know the answer, and this category allows doctors to treat what would otherwise be untreatable , to explain illnesses that have no explanation. 他们想知道答案, 用这个分类,让医生治疗这个否则会被当做无法治疗的病, 解释这个无法解释的病。
category:n.种类,分类;[数]范畴; untreatable:adj.无法医治的;
The problem is that this can cause real harm. 问题是这样可能造成真正的伤害。
In the 1950s, a psychiatrist named Eliot Slater studied a cohort of 85 patients who had been diagnosed with hysteria. 在1950年代,一位叫做 艾利耶特·斯雷特 的精神科医生, 研究了一群85名被诊断为歇斯底里症的患者。
Slater:n.石板瓦工;等足类甲壳动物; cohort:n.一群人,一批人;同伙;支持者;
Nine years later, 12 of them were dead and 30 had become disabled. 九年后,其中12人死亡,30人已经变成残疾。
Many had undiagnosed conditions like multiple sclerosis, epilepsy , brain tumors . 许多人有未确诊的情况如多发性硬化、 癫痫、脑肿瘤。
undiagnosed:adj.[临床]未确诊的;尚未找出原因的; epilepsy:n.[内科]癫痫,癫痫症; tumors:n.肿瘤(tumor的复数);
In 1980, hysteria was officially renamed "conversion disorder." 在1980年,歇斯底里症被正式更名为“转换障碍症”。
renamed:v.重新命名;给…改名;(rename的过去分词和过去式)
When my neurologist gave me that diagnosis in 2012, he was echoing Freud's words verbatim , and even today, women are 2 to 10 times more likely to receive that diagnosis. 我的神经科医师在2012年给我那个诊断, 他逐字使用弗洛伊德的话, 目前仍然如此。 妇女得到这个诊断的比率是男人的2到10倍。
echoing:n.呼应;回音;反照现象;v.回响,呼应(echo的现在分词); verbatim:adv.逐字地;adj.逐字的;
The problem with the theory of hysteria or psychogenic illness is that it can never be proven. 问题是歇斯底里症或心因性疾病的理论 永远无法被证明。
psychogenic:adj.精神性的,心理性的;
It is by definition the absence of evidence , and in the case of ME, psychological explanations have held back biological research. 它的定义就是缺乏证据, 就 ME（肌痛性脑脊髓炎）而言, 从心理方面的解释抑制了生物学方面的研究。
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; absence:n.没有;缺乏;缺席;不注意; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的;
All around the world, ME is one of the least funded diseases . 世界各地,ME 是一个最少被资助的疾病。
funded:adj.提供资金的;v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息;(fund的过去式); diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
In the US, we spend each year roughly 2,500 dollars per AIDS patient, 250 dollars per MS patient and just 5 dollars per year per ME patient. 在美国,我们每年花费约2,500美元在每位艾滋病患者身上, 250美元在 MS（多发性硬化）患者身上, 但是每年只有5美元在 ME 患者。
This was not just lightning . 这不只是偶然的。
lightning:n.闪电;adj.闪电般的;飞快的;突然的
I was not just unlucky . 我只是很不幸运。
unlucky:adj.不幸的;倒霉的;不吉利的;
The ignorance surrounding my disease has been a choice, a choice made by the institutions that were supposed to protect us. 围绕着我得到的疾病的无知是选择的结果, 由应该保护我们的机构做出的选择。
ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
We don't know why ME sometimes runs in families, why you can get it after almost any infection, from enteroviruses to Epstein-Barr virus to Q fever, or why it affects women at two to three times the rate of men. 我们不知道为什么ME有时有家族性, 为什么你几乎可以在任何感染后得到它, 从肠道病毒到爱泼斯坦 -巴尔病毒到Q发热, 或为什么它影响妇女的比率是是男性的两到三倍。
enteroviruses:n.[病毒]肠道病毒(enterovirus的复数);
This issue is much bigger than just my disease. 这个问题比仅仅是我的疾病要大得多。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
When I first got sick, old friends were reaching out to me. 当我刚生病时, 老朋友都还和我联络。
I soon found myself a part of a cohort of women in their late 20s whose bodies were falling apart. 我很快发现自己是一群将近30岁的妇女的一部分, 她们的身体逐渐不行。
What was striking was just how much trouble we were having being taken seriously. 最惊人的是我们非常不容易 让人们把我们当一回事。
I learned of one woman with scleroderma , an autoimmune connective tissue disease, who was told for years that it was all in her head. 我听说一个有硬皮病的妇女, 那是一种自身免疫性结缔组织病。 多年来,她被告知这一切都是她的心里问题。
scleroderma:n.[内科]硬皮病; autoimmune:adj.自身免疫的;自体免疫的; connective:adj.连合的,连接的;n.连接词;连接物; tissue:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织;
Between the time of onset and diagnosis, her esophagus was so thoroughly damaged, she will never be able to eat again. 在发病和诊断的时间之间, 她的食道被彻底地损坏, 她永远不能再吃东西。
onset:n.开始,着手;发作;攻击,进攻; esophagus:n.[解剖]食管;[解剖]食道; thoroughly:adv.彻底地,完全地;
Another woman with ovarian cancer , who for years was told that it was just early menopause . 另一个妇女有卵巢癌, 多年来医生告诉她那只是更年期早期症状。
ovarian:adj.[解剖]卵巢的;子房的; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; menopause:n.更年期;活动终止期;
A friend from college, whose brain tumor was misdiagnosed for years as anxiety . 我的一位大学同学, 他的脑肿瘤多年来被误诊为焦虑症。
misdiagnosed:v.错误地或判断,断定;(misdiagnose的过去式和过去分词) anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事;
Here's why this worries me: since the 1950s, rates of many autoimmune diseases have doubled to tripled . 这就是为什么这让我担心: 从1950以来,许多自身免疫性疾病的比率 已增加一倍到两倍。
tripled:adj.三倍的;三方的;n.三倍数;三个一组;vi.增至三倍;vt.使成三倍;
Forty-five percent of patients who are eventually diagnosed with a recognized autoimmune disease are initially told they're hypochondriacs . 百分之四十五的患者最后都有被诊断为 某种自身免疫疾病, 他们最初被告知他们是虑病症（hypochondriacs） 。
eventually:adv.最后,终于; recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; hypochondriacs:n.忧郁症患者;adj.忧郁症的;
Like the hysteria of old, this has everything to do with gender and with whose stories we believe. 就像以前的歇斯底里症,他们认为这些病都与性别有关 我们相信了这些说法。
gender:n.性别;
Seventy-five percent of autoimmune disease patients are women, and in some diseases, it's as high as 90 percent. 百分之七十五的自身免疫性疾病患者是妇女, 在有些疾病,它高达90％。
Even though these diseases disproportionately affect women, they are not women's diseases. 即使这些疾病很不成比率地影响妇女, 它们不是妇女的疾病。
ME affects children and ME affects millions of men. 儿童罹患 ME,数百万的男人罹患 ME。
And as one patient told me, we get it coming and going — if you're a woman, you're told you're exaggerating your symptoms, but if you're a guy, you're told to be strong, to buck up. 有一个病人告诉我, 我们不知所以的得到这个诊断 - 如果你是一个妇女,你会被告知你誇大你的症状, 但如果你是一个男性,你会被告知你要坚强,要加强。
exaggerating:v.夸张;夸大;言过其实(exaggerate的现在分词) buck:n.(美)钱,元;雄鹿;纨绔子弟;年轻的印第安人或黑人;
And men may even have a more difficult time getting diagnosed. 男人甚至更难被正确地诊断。
My brain is not what it used to be. 我的大脑大不如前。
Here's the good part: despite everything, I still have hope. 好消息是: 尽管发生了这一切,我仍有抱着希望。
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
So many diseases were once thought of as psychological until science uncovered their biological mechanisms . 许多疾病曾经被认为是心理的, 直到科学发现其生物学机制。
uncovered:adj.裸露的; v.揭开盖子; (uncover的过去式和过去分词) mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
Patients with epilepsy could be forcibly institutionalized until the EEG was able to measure abnormal electrical activity in the brain. 癫痫患者曾被强制住在机构里, 直到EEG能够测量大脑中的异常放电状况。
forcibly:adv.用力地;强制地;有说服力地; institutionalized:adj.使成惯例的; v.使成为惯例(institutionalize的过去式和过去分词); abnormal:adj.反常的,不规则的;变态的; electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的;
Multiple sclerosis could be misdiagnosed as hysterical paralysis until the CAT scan and the MRI discovered brain lesions . 多发性硬化可能被误诊为歇斯底里性麻痹, 直到 CAT 扫描和 MRI 发现脑损伤。
hysterical:adj.歇斯底里的;异常兴奋的; CAT scan:n.计算机层析成像扫描; lesions:[生物]损伤;
And recently , we used to think that stomach ulcers were just caused by stress, until we discovered that H. pylori was the culprit . 最近,我们过去以为 胃溃疡是因为压力造成的, 直到我们发现幽门螺杆菌是罪魁祸首。
recently:adv.最近;新近; ulcers:n.[病理]溃疡,疡(ulcer的复数); pylori:n.[解]幽门(pylorus的复数); culprit:n.犯人,罪犯;被控犯罪的人;
ME has never benefited from the kind of science that other diseases have had, but that's starting to change. ME未曾从像其他疾病得到的那种科学收益, ME未曾从像其他疾病得到的那种科学收益, 但那开始在改变。
In Germany, scientists are starting to find evidence of autoimmunity , and in Japan, of brain inflammation . 在德国,科学家开始寻找自体免疫的证据, 在日本,他们在寻找脑炎症的。
autoimmunity:n.[免疫]自身免疫;[免疫]自身免疫性; inflammation:n.[病理]炎症;[医]发炎;燃烧;发火;
In the US, scientists at Stanford are finding abnormalities in energy metabolism that are 16 standard deviations away from normal. 在美国,史丹佛大学的科学家 正常值16个标准差以外能量代谢的异常。
abnormalities:n.畸形;异常情况(abnormality的复数形式); metabolism:n.[生理]新陈代谢; standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; deviations:n.差异,偏差(deviation复数);
And in Norway, researchers are running a phase-3 clinical trial on a cancer drug that in some patients causes complete remission . 在挪威,研究人员对于一种让有些病人完全缓解的癌症药物, 正在进行第3期临床试验。
clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; remission:n.缓解;宽恕;豁免;
What also gives me hope is the resilience of patients. 也让我抱着希望的是 患者的弹性。
resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力;
Online we came together, and we shared our stories. 透过网路我们在一起, 我们彼此分享自己的故事。
We devoured what research there was. 我们研读任何有关的研究。
devoured:v.狼吞虎咽地吃光;津津有味地看;吞没;毁灭;(devour的过去分词和过去式)
We experimented on ourselves. 我们在自己身上做实验。
We became our own scientists and our own doctors because we had to be. 我们成为我们自己的科学家和我们自己的医生 因为我们必须如此。
And slowly I added five percent here, five percent there, until eventually, on a good day, 慢慢地,我在这里加百分之五,那里加百分之五, 直到最后,在一个美好的一天,
I was able to leave my home. 我能够离开我的家。
I still had to make ridiculous choices: 我仍然必须做很荒谬的选择;
ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的;
Will I sit in the garden for 15 minutes, or will I wash my hair today? 我是要在花园坐15分钟,还是我今天要洗头？
But it gave me hope that I could be treated . 但是它给予我我可以被治好的希望。
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式)
I had a sick body; that was all. 我有一个有病的身体;仅此而已。
And with the right kind of help, maybe one day I could get better. 若是有了正确的幫助,也许有一天我会更好。
I came together with patients around the world, and we started to fight. 我与世界各地的病患在一起, 我们开始战斗。
We have filled the void with something wonderful, but it is not enough. 我们用美妙的东西填补了空白, 但还是不够。
void:adj.空的;无效的;无人的;n.空虚;空间;空隙;v.使无效;排放;
I still don't know if I will ever be able to run again, or walk at any distance, or do any of those kinetic things that I now only get to do in my dreams. 我仍然不知道我是否有可能再度能跑, 或者走远一点, 或做我现在只能在我的梦里做的任何需要动力的活动。
kinetic:adj.[力]运动的;活跃的;
But I am so grateful for how far I have come. 但是我对我已经有的进步很感恩。
Progress is slow, and it is up and it is down, but I am getting a little better each day. 进步很慢, 有时上, 有时下, 但是我每天都有好一点。
I remember what it was like when I was stuck in that bedroom, when it had been months since I had seen the sun. 我记得当我被困在卧室里的样子, 那时我几个月后才看到了太阳。
I thought that I would die there. 我以为我会死在那里。
But here I am today, with you, and that is a miracle . 但是我今天在这里, 和你们一起, 这是一个奇迹。
miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例;
I don't know what would have happened had I not been one of the lucky ones, had I gotten sick before the internet, had I not found my community . 我不知道如果我不是幸运的人之一, 如果我在网路时代前就生病, 如果我没有找到我们的群组,我会如何。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
I probably would have already taken my own life, as so many others have done. 我很可能已经自杀了, 如同许多其他人一样。
How many lives could we have saved, decades ago, if we had asked the right questions? 数十年前,如果我们问对了问题 我们本来可以救多少人的生命？
How many lives could we save today if we decide to make a real start? 我们今天可以救多少生命 如果我们决定真正的开始？
Even once the true cause of my disease is discovered, if we don't change our institutions and our culture, we will do this again to another disease. 甚至当我的疾病的真正原因被发现, 如果我们不改变我们的机构和我们的文化, 我们仍然会如此对待另一个疾病。
Living with this illness has taught me that science and medicine are profoundly human endeavors . 与这个病共存教我, 科学和医学是很深刻的人类努力。
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; endeavors:尽力;
Doctors, scientists and policy makers are not immune to the same biases that affect all of us. 医生,科学家和决策者 不能免疫于影响我们所有人的同样的偏见。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式);v.偏见(bias的三单形式);
We need to think in more nuanced ways about women's health. 我们需要对妇女的健康做更细微的方式思考。
nuanced:adj.微妙的; v.精确细腻地表演;
Our immune systems are just as much a battleground for equality as the rest of our bodies. 我们的免疫系统和我们身体的其他部分都是一样是平等的战场。 我们的免疫系统和我们身体的其他部分都是一样是平等的战场。
battleground:n.战场;
We need to listen to patients' stories, and we need to be willing to say, "I don't know." 我们必须倾听病人的故事, 我们也必须愿意说,「我不知道。」
'"I don't know" is a beautiful thing. 「我不知道」是一件美丽的事。
'"I don't know" is where discovery starts. 「我不知道」是发现的起点。
And if we can do that, if we can approach the great vastness of all that we do not know, and then, rather than fear uncertainty , maybe we can greet it with a sense of wonder. 如果我们能够如此做, 如果我们能够接近所有我们不知道的巨大空洞, 那时,代替害怕的不确定性, 或许我们可用一种奇迹的感觉去迎接它。
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; vastness:n.巨大;广大;广漠; uncertainty:n.不确定,不可靠;
Thank you. 谢谢大家！
Thank you. 谢谢大家！