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Jennifer8LeeSTBI_2019V-_为什么有十五亿人用筷子吃饭_-
It is such a sort of instrumental part of our cooking vocabulary, in terms of the utensils . 就餐具而言, 筷子是我们烹饪词汇中 作为烹饪工具和餐具的一种。
instrumental:n.工具格;器乐曲;工具词;adj.起重要作用;用乐器演奏的;为乐器谱写的; utensils:n.餐具;[轻]器具;炊具(utensil的复数);
And it was like, that's interesting, there are people who live without chopsticks. 这就感觉,很有趣哦, 世界上还有人不用筷子。
[Small Thing.] 【小东西】
[Big Idea.] 【大想法】
Chopsticks are a pair of two long sticks used to eat things with one hand. 筷子就是由两根长棍组成的餐具, 可以用一只手拿它们来吃东西。
Holding chopsticks is a little bit like holding a pencil, except that you have two of them and you move them together in a pincer movement . 拿筷子有点像握着一支铅笔, 只不过你手里要握住两根, 并且你要像钳子一样同时移动它们。
pincer movement:n.钳形运动;钳形攻势;
Most of them are made out of wood. They're also made out of plastic, bamboo, jade , gold, silver and even ivory, though I think that's not so cool anymore. 大部分筷子是木制的。 也有用别的材料制成的: 塑料、竹子、玉、 黄金、银,甚至象牙, 虽然我觉得象牙制的筷子不是很酷了。
jade:n.翡翠;[宝]碧玉;老马;adj.玉制的;绿玉色的;v.疲倦;使疲倦; silver:n.银; v.给…镀(或包)银; adj.银色的;
Chopsticks are really well designed for eating small bits of food. 筷子的设计非常适合 用来夹取较小的食物。
They're good for picking up noodles. 它们适合用来夹起面条。
If you're skilled , you can eat rice, pick up dumplings , pieces of meat. 如果你用熟练了, 你可以用它们来吃米饭, 夹饺子,夹肉片。
skilled:adj.熟练的;有技能的;需要技能的; dumplings:n.小面团;汤团;饺子;水果布丁;(dumpling的复数)
There are some no-nos with chopsticks. 使用筷子也有一些禁忌。
no-nos:n.禁忌;不可作之事(no-no的变形);
You should not use the chopsticks like drumsticks , which I know is tempting . 比如,你不可以拿筷子当敲鼓棒, 虽然我知道这挺让人心动。
drumsticks:n.鸡腿(drumstick的复数);琵琶腿;鼓槌; tempting:adj.吸引人的;诱惑人的;v.引诱;(tempt的现在分词);
You don't want to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice face-up. 此外,你也最好不要将筷子 竖直插入装有米饭的碗中,
And the reason for that is it actually looks like a bowl of incense , so it sort of echoes death. 因为这看起来像是上香, 所以它多少暗示着死亡。
incense:vt.向…焚香;使…发怒;n.香;奉承;vi.焚香; echoes:n.回声; v.发出回声;
Chopsticks are used in a huge portion of the world, across much of Asia, about 1.5 billion people are covered in the chopsticks sphere . 世界上有很多地方都在用筷子, 在亚洲,大约有 15 亿人 都在使用筷子。
portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分); sphere:n.球;领域;球体;球形;v.使成球形;包围;把…放在球内;使处于天体之间;
Different cultures have slightly different variations of chopsticks. 筷子的种类也因文化而异。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; variations:n.变奏曲,变更;[生物]变种(variation的复数形式);
Chinese chopsticks will tend to be long and round, 中国的筷子通常长且圆,
Korean chopsticks are flatter and often made of metal and Japanese chopsticks tend to be round and very, very pointy . 韩国的筷子更扁,通常为金属制。 而日本的筷子比较圆润, 并且非常非常尖。
Korean:n.朝鲜族;韩国人;朝鲜话;adj.朝鲜的;朝鲜族的;朝鲜话的; pointy:adj.尖的;非常尖的;
While chopsticks are actually really commonplace in American society today, there was definitely a time in the late 1800s where this idea that Asian men, because they ate rice with sticks, were of a different quality than American men, who ate proper meat with a knife and fork. 虽然在当今美国社会中, 筷子也很普遍, 但在 19 世纪后期的一段时间, 有过一种观念: 因为亚洲人用筷子吃米饭, 所以比起用刀叉吃肉的美国人来说, 有着不同的品质。
commonplace:n.老生常谈;司空见惯的事;普通的东西;adj.平凡的;陈腐的; definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
But when China and the United States began their diplomatic engagement in the 1970s, 但是在 20 世纪 70 年代, 中美开始建立外交合作,
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) diplomatic:adj.外交的;从事外交的;有手腕的;灵活变通的; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度;
Richard Nixon , Henry Kissinger, had to practice eating with chopsticks. 理查德 · 尼克松（Richard Nixon）和 亨利·基辛格（Henry Kissinger） 不得不练习用筷子吃东西。
Nixon:n.尼克松(美国第37任总统);
What's been really interesting to see is that as Asian cuisine has moved from the East into the West, chopsticks have become part of the experience. 有趣的是, 随着亚洲料理从东方传到了西方, 筷子也因此成了用餐体验的一部分。
cuisine:n.烹饪,烹调法;
There's evidence of chopsticks as long ago as the Shang dynasty , which is about 3000 years ago, and they loved tripods during the Shang dynasty. 有证据表明,筷子的历史始于商朝, 大约在 3000 年以前, 而且商朝人也喜欢用三足鼎。
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; dynasty:n.代;王朝;朝代; tripods:n.三角架(tripod的复数形式);
So when you cook with these big tripods, chopsticks were actually really useful, because it was a way for you to stir and to reach without getting burned as the water was boiling in these really big pots. 因此当使用大型三足鼎来烹饪时, 筷子就显得非常有用 因为当水烧开时, 筷子可以帮助你 在不被滚水烫伤的情况下, 去搅拌和夹东西。
stir:v.搅拌;搅动;激发;搅和;n.搅拌;搅动;震动;搅和;
Chinese culture has knives and has forks. 中国文化中也有刀和叉,
It uses them in many cases for cooking. 它们通常被使用在烹饪过程中。
But in terms of like what moved into the dining room , it was the chopsticks. 不过只有筷子,
dining room:n.餐厅;
One of the things about Asian cooking is that it often comes in very small pieces. 亚洲烹饪方式的一个特点是, 把食物处理得很小块。
And I think part of that has to do with the fact that it's actually a lot more energy-efficient to cook little pieces quickly. 我认为其中一个原因是, 小块的食物煮起来更快, 更加省时省力。
energy-efficient:adj.节能的,节约能源的;高能效的;
But also, then you don't have to cut them. 而且你不需要在吃饭的时候再去切它们。
So you have a circular influence, where the type of food that is cooked allows people to use chopsticks, and then the fact that you have chopsticks influences the food that you can cook. 所以这就像是一个相互作用—— 食物的种类鼓励人们去使用筷子, 而使用筷子又影响该煮些什么食物。
circular:adj.圆形的; n.(同时送达很多人的)印刷信函(或通知、广告); influences:n.影响; v.影响;
But at the same time , chopsticks reflect the communal nature of eating food. 同时,筷子也反映了 人们一起吃饭的习惯。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达; communal:adj.公共的;公社的;
You'll have these dishes that you put in the middle, it's very family style. 通常我们会在中间摆很多菜, 很有家庭的氛围。
You go in with your chopsticks, and you put it on your rice, and then you eat individually . 你用筷子夹好菜, 放进你碗里的米饭上, 然后你吃自己碗里的食物。
individually:adv.个别地,单独地;
There's actually a famous sort of legend where everyone has these really, really long chopsticks, like way too long for them to feed themselves. 其实,有一个很有名的传说, 在说,所有人都有 一双很长、很长的筷子, 长到难以将食物送到自己的嘴里。
legend:n.传奇;说明;图例;刻印文字;
And so in hell, everyone starves, because they can't pick up food and put it in their mouths. 所以在地狱里,大家都在挨饿, 因为他们无法用这种筷子 夹起食物,放进自己的嘴里。
But in heaven, people take the same chopsticks and then feed each other. 在天堂,人们也使用同样的筷子, 但是他们会给彼此喂食。