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JenGunter_2019W-_我们为什么不能谈论月经？_-
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| When I was a teen, I had terrible periods. |
当我处于青春期的时候, 月经让我深受折磨。 |
| I had crippling cramps , |
我痛经很严重, |
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crippling:adj.残废的; v.使残废; (cripple的现在分词) cramps:n.肌肉抽筋; v.束缚;
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| I leaked blood onto my clothes and onto my bed sheets , and I had period diarrhea . |
衣服和床单上总是 不小心沾上漏出的血, 我也会有经期腹泻。 |
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leaked:v.漏;渗漏;泄漏;渗入;漏出;透露(秘密信息);(leak的过去分词和过去式) sheets:n.床单;被单;薄片,薄板;(sheet的复数) diarrhea:n.腹泻,痢疾;
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| And I had to miss school one to two days a month, and I remember sitting on the couch with my heating pads , thinking, "What's up with this?" |
因此在学校,我每个月 总要缺勤那么一两天, 我也记得抱着热水袋 坐在沙发上的日子,心想: 这怎么回事？ |
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couch:n.睡椅,长沙发;床;卧榻;v.蹲伏,埋伏;躺着; pads:n.软垫,护垫; v.填充,覆盖,保护; (pad的第三人称单数和复数)
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| When I ate food, I didn't leak saliva from my salivary glands . |
当我吃东西的时候, 口水可从不会从唾液腺漏出。 |
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salivary:adj.唾液的;分泌唾液的; glands:n.腺体(gland的复数);气封;
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| When I went for a walk, |
当我走路的时候, |
| I didn't leak fluid from my knees, " joint fluid." |
我的关节液也不会 从膝盖处漏出“关节液”。 |
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fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体; joint:n.关节; adj.共同的; v.连接,贴合;
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| Why was menstruation so different? |
为什么月经那么不一样？ |
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menstruation:n.[生理]月经;月经期间;有月经;
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| I wanted answers to these questions but there was no one for me to ask. |
我想要知道这些问题的答案, 但没有人回答我。 |
| My mother knew nothing about menstruation except that it was dirty and shameful and I shouldn't talk about it. |
我的母亲对月经一无所知, 除了“这是一个肮脏且羞耻的话题, 我不应该谈论它。” |
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shameful:adj.可耻的;不体面的;不道德的;猥亵的;
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| I asked girlfriends and everybody spoke in euphemisms . |
我问过我的女性朋友, 然而她们每个人说得都很委婉。 |
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euphemisms:n.委婉语;委婉用法;委婉的说法(euphemism的复数形式);
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| And finally , when I got the courage to go to the doctor and talk about my heavy periods, |
最终,当我鼓起勇气去看医生 并谈论我月经过多的问题时, |
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finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
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| I was told to eat liver . |
我被告知要多吃动物肝脏。 |
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liver:n.肝;(动物供食用的)肝;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And when I went to the drug store to buy my menstrual products, my 48-pack of super maxi pads, back in the day when they were the size of a tissue box, each pad -- |
当我去药店买经期用品, 48 包装的超长加大卫生巾, 那时候每片卫生巾的大小 就宛如一个纸巾盒—— |
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menstrual:adj.月经的;每月的;一月一次的; maxi:n.迷嬉装;adj.长及足踝的; back in the day:在过去,在以前; tissue:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| You know what I'm talking about. |
你们知道我在说什么—— |
| You have no idea how far absorbent technology has come. |
根本无法想象 吸收技术至今进步了多少。 |
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absorbent:n.[化学][化工][核]吸收剂;adj.能吸收的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| I used to have to buy my menstrual products in the feminine hygiene aisle . |
我曾经需要在女性卫生区的货架上 寻找我要买的经期用品。 |
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feminine:adj.女性的;妇女(似)的;阴性的;娇柔的; hygiene:n.卫生;卫生学;保健法; aisle:n.通道,走道;侧廊;
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| And I remember standing there, thinking, "Well, why don't I buy toilet paper in the anal hygiene aisle?" |
我也记得我站在那里,想着: 为什么我不用 在肛门卫生区的货架上买手纸？ |
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toilet paper:卫生纸,厕纸; anal:adj.[解剖]肛门的,直肠的;肛门附近的;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Like, what's up with that? |
究竟是为什么呢？ |
| Why can't we talk about periods? |
为什么我们不能谈论月经？ |
| And it's not about the blood, as Freud would have you say, because if it were, there would be an ear, nose and throat surgeon up here right now, talking about the taboos of nose bleeds , right? |
正如弗洛伊德所说的那样, 这和血液无关, 因为如果有关的话, 现在这里就会有 一群耳鼻喉外科医师 谈论着流鼻血的禁忌,对吧？ |
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Freud:n.佛洛伊德(1856-1939,奥地利心理分析学家及精神病学家); surgeon:n.外科医生; taboos:n.禁忌(taboo的复数形式);v.禁忌(taboo的第三人称单数形式); bleeds:v.[印刷]出血(bleed的第三人称单数); n.出血版;
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| And it's not even about periods, because otherwise, when we got rid of our toxic , shameful periods when we became menopausal , we'd be elevated to a higher social status . |
这甚至也和月经无关, 不然在我们摆脱 有害且令人羞耻的月经后, 也就是我们绝经后, 我们的社会地位会被抬高。 |
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toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的; menopausal:adj.绝经期的,更年期的; elevated:adj.提高的;高尚的;欢欣的;v.提高;振奋;提拔;(elevate的过去分词和过去式) status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| It's just a patriarchal society is invested in oppressing women, and at different points in our lives, different things are used. |
这依旧只是一个 压迫女性的男权社会, 在我们生活的不同阶段, 会有不同的东西被用来压迫我们。 |
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patriarchal:adj.家长的;族长的;由族长统治的; invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式) oppressing:vt.压迫,压抑;使…烦恼;使…感到沉重;
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| And menstruation is used during what we in medicine call the reproductive years. |
月经就是其中一个, 被用于我们在医学上 称之为生殖年龄的阶段。 |
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reproductive:adj.生殖的;再生的;复制的;
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| It's been around since pretty much the beginning of time, many cultures thought that women could spoil crops or milk, or wilt flowers. |
在很早之前,其实已经就是这样了。 在很多文化中普遍认为 女性会破坏庄稼, 或是牛奶,或是使花朵凋零。 |
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spoil:v.破坏;糟蹋;毁掉;溺爱;娇惯;善待;n.赃物;战利品;掠夺物;弃土; wilt:vt.使枯萎;使畏缩;使衰弱;vi.枯萎;畏缩;衰弱;n.枯萎;憔悴;衰弱;
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| And then when religion came along, purity myths only made that worse. |
后来随着宗教信仰的出现, 圣洁的神话只是让情况变得更糟了。 |
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purity:n.[化学]纯度;纯洁;纯净;纯粹; myths:神话;谬见;
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| And medicine wasn't any help. |
医学也没什么实际帮助。 |
| In the 1920s and '30s there was the idea that women elaborated something called a menotoxin. |
在 1920 年代至 30 年代, 有一种说法把女性描述为 某种叫月经毒素的东西。 |
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elaborated:详尽的; v.详细地说明(elaborate的过去式和过去分词);
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| We could wilt flowers just by walking by. |
我们就算只是路过花朵旁, 也能使之凋零。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And that's what happens when there's no diversity , right. |
这是在多样化缺失时 会发生的事,对吧？ |
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diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
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| Because there was no woman to put her hand up and go, "Well, actually, that doesn't happen." |
因为那时没有女性 举起手,走上前并说 “你看,实际上,这并没有发生。” |
| And when you can't talk about what's happening to your body, how do you break these myths? |
当你无法谈论 你的身体正在发生什么的时候, 你如何打破这些迷思？ |
| Because you don't even need to be a doctor to say that periods aren't toxic. |
你甚至不需要成为一名医生 来表明“月经不是有毒的”。 |
| If they were, why would an embryo implant in a toxic swill ? |
如果月经是有毒的,为什么胚胎 会扎根于这样一个有毒的环境？ |
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embryo:n.[胚]胚胎;胚芽;初期;adj.胚胎的;初期的; implant:vt.种植;灌输;嵌入;n.[医]植入物;植入管;vi.被移植; swill:n.泔水;冲洗;痛饮;涮;vt.冲洗;痛饮;涮;倒出;vi.大口地喝;发激荡声;
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| And if we all had this secret menotoxin, we could be laying waste to crops and spoiling milk. |
如果我们所有女性 都携有这种秘密毒素, 我们可能会毒害庄稼, 让牛奶变质。 |
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spoiling:v.破坏;糟蹋;毁掉;溺爱;娇惯;善待;(spoil的现在分词)
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Why would we have not used our X-Women powers to get the vote sooner? |
我们为什么还没用自己 X 女战警的能力更快地获得更多选票？ |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Even now, when I tweet about period diarrhea, as one does, |
甚至直至今日, 和别人一样,当我发送关于 经期腹泻的推文时, |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| I mention that it affects 28 percent of women. |
我也会提及, 这影响着 28% 的女性。 |
| And every single time, someone approaches me and says, "I thought I was the only one." |
然而每一次, 都有人跑过来和我说, “我以为我是唯一的一个。” |
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approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度;
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| That's how effective that culture of shame is, that women can't even share their experiences. |
我们的羞耻文化就是那么的有效, 以至于女性们 甚至无法分享她们的经历。 |
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effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
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| So I began to think, "Well, what if everybody knew about periods like a gynecologist ? |
所以我开始思考, “好吧,如果每个人都能 像妇科医生一样对月经有所了解 |
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what if:如果…怎么办? gynecologist:n.妇科医生;
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| Wouldn't that be great?" |
不是很棒吗？” |
| Then you would all know what I know, you'd know that menstruation is a pretty unique phenomenon among mammals . |
之后你就会知道所有 我知道的东西, 你会知道月经 是哺乳动物中相当特别的现象。 |
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unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数)
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| Most mammals have estrus . |
大多数哺乳动物有发情期。 |
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estrus:n.发情期;动情周期;
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| Humans, some primates , some bats, the elephant shrew and the spiny mouse menstruate . |
人,有些灵长类动物, 一些蝙蝠, 象鼩,还有非洲刺毛鼠 都有经期。 |
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primates:n.灵长类; shrew:n.泼妇,悍妇; spiny:adj.多刺的;麻烦的;尖刺状的; menstruate:vi.行经;月经来潮;
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| And with menstruation what happens is the brain triggers the ovary to start producing an egg. |
这意味着在月经期间, 大脑会触发卵巢 开始产生卵子。 |
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triggers:n.[电子]触发器;触发物(trigger的复数);v.引起(trigger的单三形式);引爆; ovary:n.[植]子房;[解剖]卵巢;
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| Estrogen is released and it starts to build up the lining of the uterus , cell upon cell, like bricks. |
雌性激素也因此被释放, 开始形成子宫内膜, 一层又一层地堆积卵子细胞, 宛如砖块那样。 |
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Estrogen:n.雌性激素; released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) uterus:n.[解剖]子宫;
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| And what happens if you build a brick wall too high without mortar ? |
但如果你的砖墙建得太高 却没有足够的水泥,会发生什么？ |
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mortar:n.迫击炮;臼,研钵;灰浆;vt.用灰泥涂抹,用灰泥结合;
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| Well, it's unstable . |
它会不太稳固。 |
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unstable:adj.不稳定的;变化莫测的;(行为、情绪)反复无常的
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| So what happens when you ovulate ? |
当你排卵的时候, |
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ovulate:vi.排卵;adj.具胚珠的;
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| You release a hormone called progesterone , which is progestational , it gets the uterus ready. |
你体内会释放 一种叫黄体酮的荷尔蒙, 这是一种孕激素, 让你的子宫做好准备。 |
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hormone:n.[生理]激素,荷尔蒙; progesterone:n.[生化]黄体酮,[生化]孕酮; progestational:adj.孕酮的;
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| It acts like a mortar and it holds those bricks together. |
它的作用就像水泥一样, 把那些砖块牢固地黏在一起。 |
| It also causes some changes to make the lining more hospitable for implantation . |
它也会改变子宫内膜的环境, 使之更适宜于受精卵的植入。 |
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hospitable:adj.热情友好的;(环境)舒适的; implantation:n.移植;灌输;鼓吹;
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| If there's no pregnancy , |
如果没有怀孕, |
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pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长;
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| (Whoosh) |
（轻呼） |
| lining comes out, there's bleeding from the blood vessels and that's the period. |
（轻呼） 同时血管也会流血, 这也就是月经的形成。 |
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bleeding:n.出血;渗色;adj.流血的;同情的;v.出血;渗出;(bleed的现在分词) vessels:n.血管(vessel的复数);船舶;容器;
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| And I always find this point really interesting. |
我总是觉得这个很有趣。 |
| Because with estrus, the final signaling to get the lining of the uterus ready actually comes from the embryo. |
因为在发情期, 让子宫内膜做好 受孕准备的最终信号 实际上是来自胚胎。 |
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signaling:n.发信号;打信号;
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| But with menstruation, that choice comes from the ovary. |
但对于月经, 是否来月经取决于卵巢。 |
| It's as if choice is coded in to our reproductive tracts . |
这个决策过程好像是被编码在 我们的生殖系统中一样。 |
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coded:adj.[计]编码的;电码的;译成电码的;v.译成密码(code的过去式和过去分词); tracts:n.神经束;广阔的地面(tract的复数);
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| (Cheering and applause) |
（喝彩与掌声） |
| OK, so now we know why the blood is there. |
好了,所以我们现在了解了 为什么会出血, |
| And it's a pretty significant amount. |
而且还是相对大量的血, |
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significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物;
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| It's 30 to 90 milliliters of blood, which is one to three ounces , and it can be more, and I know it seems like it's more a lot of the times. |
30 - 90 毫升的血量, 约为 1 - 3 盎司, 还可能更多。 我知道很多时候实际看起来更多。 |
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milliliters:n.毫升; ounces:n.[金融]盎司,英两;安士(ounce的复数);
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| I know. |
我知道。 |
| So why do we have so much blood? |
所以我们为什么排出那么多血？ |
| And why doesn't it just stay there till the next cycle, right? |
为什么这些东西不呆在原地 等着下一个生理周期,对吧？ |
| Like, you didn't get pregnant , so why can't it hang around ? |
如果你没有怀孕,为什么那些东西 不可以在我们体内随意逗留？ |
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pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的; hang around:闲荡;徘徊;
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| Well imagine if each month it got thicker and thicker and thicker, right, like, imagine what tsunami period that would be. |
那么,想象每个月那层膜 都变厚一点,再厚一点—— 想象一下那种血崩 会是什么感觉。 |
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tsunami:n.海啸;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| We can't reabsorb it, because it's too much. |
我们无法重新吸收那些东西, 因为量太大了。 |
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reabsorb:vi.再吸附;重吸收;
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| And it's too much because we need a thick uterine lining for a very specific reason. |
量大是因为 我们对厚子宫内膜的需求 是出于一个非常特定的原因。 |
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uterine:adj.[解剖]子宫的;同母异父的; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
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| Pregnancy exerts a significant biological toll on our bodies. |
怀孕对我们的身体 会造成一个巨大的生物伤害。 |
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exerts:v.发挥(exert的三单形式);运用;表现出; biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; toll:n.伤亡人数; v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟); (尤指)鸣(丧钟);
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| There is maternal mortality , there is the toll of breastfeeding and there is the toll of raising a child until it is independent . |
这包括产妇死亡, 母乳喂养的伤亡, 抚养孩子直至他们成年 其中获得的伤害, |
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maternal:adj.母亲的;母性的;母系的;母体遗传的; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; breastfeeding:n.母乳哺育;v.用母乳喂养(breastfeed的现在分词); independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等);
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| And evolution -- |
还有进化—— |
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evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| That goes on longer for some of us than others. |
对于我们有的人 持续时间还更长。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| But evolution knows about risk-benefit ratio . |
但进化是基于风险效益比率的。 |
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ratio:n.比率;比例;v.用比例方式表达;求出…的比值;使…成比例;
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| And so evolution wants to maximize the chance of a beneficial outcome . |
进化的目的是最大化 有益结果出现的可能性。 |
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maximize:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值; beneficial:adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的; outcome:n.结果,结局;成果;
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| And how do you maximize the chance of a beneficial outcome? |
那你怎么最大化这一可能性呢？ |
| You try to get the highest quality embryos . |
你尝试保留最高质量的那个胚胎。 |
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embryos:n.胚;胚胎;人类胚胎;(embryo的复数)
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| And how do you get the highest quality embryos? |
那你如何尝试保留 最高质量的胚胎呢？ |
| You make them work for it. |
你让它们为此奋斗。 |
| You give them an obstacle course . |
你给它们一个需要通过的障碍。 |
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obstacle course:n.障碍赛跑场地;艰险;重重困难;近战训练场;
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| So over the millennia that we have evolved , it's been a little bit like an arms race in the uterus, the lining getting thicker and thicker and thicker, and the embryo getting more invasive until we reach this détente with the lining of the uterus that we have. |
所以经过上千年的进化, 子宫内的竞争 宛如一场军备竞赛, 内膜变得越来越厚, 胚胎也更具侵入性, 直至与子宫内膜的关系 达到一个缓和状态。 |
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millennia:n.千年期(millennium的复数);一千年;千年庆典;太平盛世; evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) arms race:n.军备竞赛; invasive:adj.侵略性的;攻击性的;
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| So we have this thick uterine lining and now it's got to come out, and how do you stop bleeding? |
所以我们有了 这层厚厚的子宫内膜, 它现在需要被排出体外, 但是你是如何停止流血的？ |
| Well, you stop a nose bleed by pinching it, if you cut your leg, you put pressure on it. |
通常流鼻血的话, 你会捏住鼻子止血, 如果你划到腿了, 你会加压止血。 |
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pinching:v.拧;捏;掐;捏住;夹紧;夹(脚);夹痛;(pinch的现在分词)
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| We stop bleeding with pressure. |
压力能够帮助止血。 |
| When we menstruate, the lining of the uterus releases substances that are made into chemicals called prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators . |
当我们来月经的时候, 子宫内膜会释放一种物质, 它能够生成一种 名为前列腺素的化学物质 以及其它炎症介质。 |
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releases:n.释放; vt.释放; substances:n.[物]物质;基本内容;物品药物(substance的复数); chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) prostaglandins:n.[生化]前列腺素(prostaglandin的复数形式);[生化]前列腺素类; inflammatory:adj.炎症性的;煽动性的;激动的; mediators:n.介质;介体(mediator的复数);中介人;调解者;
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| And they make the uterus cramp down, they make it squeeze on those blood vessels to stop the bleeding. |
它们会造成子宫向下筋挛, 使子宫对血管造成压力 从而起到止血作用。 |
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squeeze:v.挤;紧握;勒索;压榨;n.压榨;紧握;拥挤;佣金;
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| They might also change blood flow to the uterus and also cause inflammation and that makes pain worse. |
它们也可能会让血流向子宫, 同时引发炎症,并加剧疼痛感。 |
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inflammation:n.[病理]炎症;[医]发炎;燃烧;发火;
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| And so you say, "OK, how much pressure is generated ?" |
你会说:“好吧, 这里产生的压力有多大？” |
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generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
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| And from studies where some incredible women have volunteered to have pressure catheters put in their uterus that they wear their whole menstrual cycle -- |
一些超赞的女性曾志愿 在她们的子宫内植入压力导管, 让学者们进行研究, 她们在整个月经周期 都带着那个导管—— |
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incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; volunteered:v.自愿做;义务做;自愿参军;(volunteer的过去分词和过去式) catheters:n.导尿管,尿液管(catheter的复数形式);医用导管;
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| God bless them, because we wouldn't have this knowledge without, and it's very important knowledge, because the pressure that's generated in the uterus during menstruation is 120 millimeters of mercury . |
感谢她们,因为没有她们, 我们不会了解这个知识, 而这是一个很重要的知识。 因为在月经期间 子宫内产生的压力 为 120 毫米汞柱。 |
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millimeters:n.毫米;(millimeter的复数) mercury:n.[化]汞,水银;[天]水星;温度表;精神,元气;
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| '"Well what's that," you say. |
你会问:“这代表什么？” |
| Well, it's the amount of pressure that's generated during the second stage of labor when you're pushing. |
这相当于你分娩第二阶段用力时 所产生的压力。 |
| (Audience gasps) |
（观众倒吸冷气） |
| Right. |
没错。 |
| Which, for those of you who haven't had an unmedicated delivery , that's what it's like when the blood pressure cuff is not quite as tight as it was at the beginning , but it's still pretty tight, and you wish it would stop. |
对于在座没有进行过 非药物分娩的人, 这就好比你戴着的血压袖套 不像一开始那样紧, 但依旧蛮紧, 而且你希望它会停止的 那种感觉。 |
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delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; blood pressure:n.[医]血压; cuff:n.袖口,裤子翻边; vt.给…上袖口; vi.殴斗,拳击; at the beginning:首先;从一开始;起初;从头开始;
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| So that kind of makes it different, right? |
这情况就变得很不一样了,对吧？ |
| If you start thinking about the pain of menstruation, we wouldn't say if someone needed to miss school because they were in the second stage of labor and pushing, we wouldn't call them weak. |
如果你开始回想经期疼痛, 我们不会说—— 倘若一个人在学校旷课, 是因为她们处于分娩第二阶段, 并且用力在生孩子, 我们不会说她们是弱者, |
| We'd be like, "Oh my God, you made it that far," right? |
而会说,“我的天 , 你竟然做到了！”对吧？ |
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you made it:你做到了;你成功了;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And we wouldn't deny pain control to women who have typical pain of labor, right? |
我们不会否认 那些承受典型分娩阵痛女性的 忍痛能力,对吧？ |
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deny:v.否定,否认;拒绝给予;拒绝…的要求; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
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| So it's important for us to call this pain "typical" instead of "normal," |
用“典型”,而非“正常” 来形容这种疼痛很重要, |
| because when we say it's normal, it's easier to dismiss . |
因为当我们说这很正常, 这说明疼痛很容易消失。 |
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dismiss:v.不予考虑;摒弃;消除;解雇;
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| As opposed to saying it's typical, and we should address it. |
然而说这很典型, 代表我们需要解决它。 |
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opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式)
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| And we do have some ways to address menstrual pain. |
我们确实有一些解决痛经的办法。 |
| One way is with something called a TENS unit, which you can wear under your clothes and it sends an electrical impulse to the nerves and muscles and no one really knows how it works, but we think it might be the gate theory of pain, which is counterirritation . |
一个方法就是使用 经皮神经电刺激（TENS）止痛仪, 你可以把它贴在衣服里, 它能将电流送往神经和肌肉, 并且没人真正知道其中的原理, 但我们认为这个技术可能是 基于闸门理论, 即反刺激。 |
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electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的; impulse:n.冲动;[电子]脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力;v.推动; nerves:n.神经;神经紧张;勇气;v.鼓足勇气;振作精神;(nerve的第三人称单数和复数) muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数); counterirritation:n.对抗刺激;
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| It's the same reason why, if you hurt yourself, you rub it. |
同样这也是为什么如果 你伤到了自己,你会搓揉疼痛处。 |
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rub:n.擦;抹;搓;揉;v.擦;磨;搓;(使)相互磨擦;
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| Vibration travels faster to your brain than pain does. |
振动,相比疼痛, 能够更快地被神经传导至大脑。 |
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Vibration:n.振动;犹豫;心灵感应;
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| We also have medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. |
我们也有药物方法, 实用非甾体抗炎药物（NSAID）。 |
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medications:n.药;药物;(medication的复数) anti-inflammatory:adj.抗炎的;n.抗炎药;
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| And what they do is they block the release of prostaglandins. |
它们的主要作用是 抑制前列腺素的合成。 |
| They can reduce menstrual pain for 80 percent of women. |
该药物可为 80% 的女性 缓解痛经, |
| They also reduce the volume of blood by 30 to 40 percent and they can help with period diarrhea. |
也可以减少 30% - 40% 的出血量, 同时缓解经期腹泻情况。 |
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volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
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| And we also have hormonal contraception , which gives us a thinner lining of the uterus, so there's less prostaglandins produced and with less blood, there's less need for cramping . |
我们也有荷尔蒙避孕药, 让我们的子宫内膜变薄, 从而减少前列腺素的生成, 并缓解出血情况, 同时对痉挛的需求也变小。 |
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hormonal:adj.荷尔蒙的,激素的; contraception:n.避孕; cramping:n.图象压缩,夹压;
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| Now, if those treatments fail you -- and it's important to use that word choice, because we never fail the treatment, the treatment fails us. |
如果这些治疗方法 对你都没用—— 这里的措辞很重要, 因为我们从不会让治疗失败, 而是治疗对我们没用。 |
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treatments:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;(treatment的复数)
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| If that treatment fails you, you could be amongst the people who have a resistance to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories . |
如果那些治疗方法“辜负”了你, 你可能属于 对 NSAID 具有抗药性的一批人。 |
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amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among); resistance:n.电阻;抵抗;阻力;抗力; anti-inflammatories:adj.抗炎的;n.抗炎药;
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| We don't quite understand, but there are some complex mechanisms why those medications just don't work for some women. |
我们尚未完全理解, 为什么这些药物 就是对某些女性无效用, 这其中包含着一些很复杂的机制。 |
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complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
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| It's also possible that you could have another reason for painful periods. |
也可能是因为, 导致你经期疼痛的原因 与上述情况都不同。 |
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painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
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| You could have a condition called endometriosis , where the lining of the uterus is growing in the pelvic cavity , causing inflammation and scar tissue and adhesions . |
也可能是因为你 患有子宫内膜异位症, 即,子宫内膜生成于盆腔中 进而引起炎症, 疤痕组织以及黏附现象。 |
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endometriosis:n.[妇产]子宫内膜异位; pelvic:adj.骨盆的; cavity:n.腔;洞,凹处; adhesions:n.[病理]粘连;黏合;黏附因子(adhesion的复数);
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| And there may be other mechanisms we don't quite understand yet, because it's a possibility that pain thresholds could be different due to very complex biological mechanisms. |
或许其中还有我们 尚未了解的机制存在, 因为这会牵涉到 非常复杂的生物学机制, 疼痛阈值也可能会随之不同。 |
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thresholds:n.阈值;[建]门槛;临界值值(threshold的复数);
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| But we're only going to find that out by talking about it. |
但我们只有通过不断谈论它, 才能发现更多。 |
| It shouldn't be an act of feminism to know how your body works. |
了解你的身体如何运作 不应该是一种女权主义的行为。 |
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feminism:n.女权主义;女权运动;男女平等主义;
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| It shouldn't -- |
这不应该—— |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| It shouldn't be an act of feminism to ask for help when you're suffering. |
在你身受月经折磨时寻求帮助, 这不应该是一种女权主义的行为。 |
| The era of menstrual taboos is over. |
月经作为一种话题禁忌的时代 已经结束了。 |
| (Cheers and applause) |
（喝彩与掌声） |
| The only curse here is the ability to convince half the population that the very biological machinery that perpetuates the species , that gives everything that we have, is somehow dirty or toxic. |
这里唯一的魔咒 就是说服一半的人口, 那个让各个物种得以 在历史长河延续生命, 给予我们所拥有的一切的生物系统, 是肮脏的、有毒的。 |
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curse:n.诅咒;咒骂;v.诅咒;咒骂; convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; machinery:n.机械;机器;机构;机械装置; perpetuates:vt.使不朽;保持;adj.长存的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
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| And I'm not going to stand for it. |
我不会去支持这个观点。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| And the way we break that curse? |
如何打破这一魔咒？ |
| It's knowledge. |
用知识。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Cheers and applause) |
（喝彩与掌声） |