|
|
JedidahIsler_2015U-_我是如何爱上类星体，耀星体和这不可思议的宇宙的_
|
| My first love was for the night sky. |
我的初恋给了夜空。 |
| Love is complicated . |
我对它爱很复杂。 |
|
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
|
| You're looking at a fly-through of the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field, one of the most distant images of our universe ever observed . |
你们现在看到的是一个哈勃望远镜超深空图像, 这是目前我们能观测到的最遥远的宇宙图像之一。 |
|
fly-through:飞越; Telescope:n.望远镜;v.(使)叠套缩短;精简; Ultra-Deep:超深的; distant:adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式);
|
| Everything you see here is a galaxy , comprised of billions of stars each. |
你们现在所看到的一切都是星系, 每个都由几十亿颗星球组成。 |
|
galaxy:n.银河;[天]星系;银河系;一群显赫的人; comprised:v.包含(comprise的过去分词);由…组成;
|
| And the farthest galaxy is a trillion , trillion kilometers away. |
最远的星系距离我们有10的24次方公里。 |
|
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
|
| As an astrophysicist , I have the awesome privilege of studying some of the most exotic objects in our universe. |
作为一个天体物理学家,我很荣幸能研究 一些宇宙中最吸引人的东西。 |
|
astrophysicist:n.天体物理学家; awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的; privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免; exotic:adj.异国的;外来的;异国情调的;
|
| The objects that have captivated me from first crush throughout my career are supermassive , hyperactive black holes. |
那让我在职业生涯中始终迷恋的 就是超大质量的活跃的黑洞。 |
|
captivated:v.迷住;迷惑;(captivate的过去式); crush:v.压碎;弄皱,变形;使…挤入;n.粉碎;迷恋;压榨;拥挤的人群; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; supermassive:adj.特大质量的; hyperactive:adj.极度活跃的;活动过度的;
|
| Weighing one to 10 billion times the mass of our own sun, these galactic black holes are devouring material, at a rate of upwards of 1,000 times more than your "average" supermassive black hole . |
这些比太阳重1-100亿倍星级黑洞, 正吞噬着物质, 以超过“平均”超大质量黑洞 1000倍的速度。 |
|
galactic:adj.银河的;乳汁的; devouring:v.狼吞虎咽地吃光;津津有味地看;吞没;毁灭;(devour的现在分词) upwards:adv.向上;在上部;向上游; black hole:n.黑洞(宇宙中包括光线在内的任何东西都无法逃逸的强引力区域);
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| These two characteristics , with a few others, make them quasars . |
这两个特质, 与一些其他的特点一起,使他们成为了类星体。 |
|
characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数) quasars:n.[天]类星体;恒星状球体;半星球体(quasar的复数形式);
|
| At the same time , the objects I study are producing some of the most powerful particle streams ever observed. |
与此同时,我研究的天体 释放着一些从未检测到的 最强粒子流。 |
|
At the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; particle:n.颗粒;[物]质点;极小量;小品词;
|
| These narrow streams, called jets, are moving at 99.99 percent of the speed of light, and are pointed directly at the Earth. |
这些细小的粒子流被称为喷射流, 以光速99.99%移动着 而且直冲地球。 |
|
narrow:adj.狭窄的; v.使窄小; n.峡谷; (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
|
| These jetted, Earth-pointed, hyperactive and supermassive black holes are called blazars, or blazing quasars. |
这些高速,直冲地球,活跃且超重的黑洞 被称为耀变体,或者闪耀的类星体。 |
|
blazing:adj.酷热的;极其愤怒的;v.熊熊燃烧;闪耀;发亮光;怒视;(blaze的现在分词)
|
| What makes blazars so special is that they're some of the universe's most efficient particle accelerators , transporting incredible amounts of energy throughout a galaxy. |
耀变体如此特殊是因为他们是宇宙中 一些最有效的粒子加速器, 将不可思议的能量传送到星系中。 |
|
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; accelerators:n.[核]加速器(accelerator的复数形式); transporting:v.运输,运送,输送;传播;(transport的现在分词) incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
|
| Here, I'm showing an artist's conception of a blazar. |
现在,我正展示的是一个艺术家对于耀变体的设想图。 |
|
conception:n.怀孕;概念;设想;开始;
|
| The dinner plate by which material falls onto the black hole is called the accretion disc, shown here in blue. |
物质掉入黑洞时所经过的餐盘 被叫做吸积盘, 也就是蓝色的部分。 |
|
accretion:n.添加;增加物;连生;冲积层;
|
| Some of that material is slingshotted around the black hole and accelerated to insanely high speeds in the jet, shown here in white. |
有些物质被弹射到黑洞周围 然后在喷射流中加速到异常高的速度 也就是白色的部分。 |
|
accelerated:v.(使)加速;加速;加快(accelerate的过去分词和过去式) insanely:adv.疯狂地;狂暴地;精神错乱地;
|
| Although the blazar system is rare, the process by which nature pulls in material via a disk, and then flings some of it out via a jet, is more common. |
虽然耀变体系统很少见, 但是通过吸盘自然的吸收物质的过程 然后通过喷射流放出,是很常见的。 |
|
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道; flings:vt.掷,抛;嘲笑;使陷入;轻蔑地投射;猛动;n.掷,抛;嘲弄;急冲;vi.猛冲,急行;
|
| We'll eventually zoom out of the blazar system to show its approximate relationship to the larger galactic context . |
我们最后将缩小耀变体系统 来展示它与更大的星系的近似关系。 |
|
eventually:adv.最后,终于; approximate:v.近似;使…接近;粗略估计;接近于;adj.[数]近似的;大概的; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
|
| Beyond the cosmic accounting of what goes in to what goes out, one of the hot topics in blazar astrophysics right now is where the highest-energy jet emission comes from. |
除了对宇宙中进出的物质的计算外, 目前在耀变体天体物理学中的一个热点话题是 那些高能的喷射流来自哪里。 |
|
cosmic:adj.宇宙的; astrophysics:n.天体物理学; emission:n.(光、热等的)发射,散发;喷射;发行;
|
| In this image, I'm interested in where this white blob forms and if, as a result , there's any relationship between the jet and the accretion disc material. |
在这张图中,我感兴趣的是这些白色物质来自哪里 还有,是否最终这些喷射流与吸积盘 之间有任何的联系呢。 |
|
blob:n.一滴;一抹;v.弄脏;把…做错;得零分; as a result:结果;
|
| Clear answers to this question were almost completely inaccessible until 2008, when NASA launched a new telescope that better detects gamma ray light -- |
对于这个问题的清晰的回答 在2008年以前几乎是没有的, 直到美国宇航局发射了一个能够更好的探测伽玛射线的新望远镜 |
|
inaccessible:adj.难达到的;难接近的;难见到的; launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) detects:发现; gamma:n.微克;希腊语的第三个字母;
|
| that is, light with energies a million times higher than your standard x-ray scan. |
这种射线相比X射线, 有比其高一百万倍的能量。 |
|
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的;
|
| I simultaneously compare variations between the gamma ray light data and the visible light data from day to day and year to year, to better localize these gamma ray blobs . |
同时,我年复一年日复一日的比较 伽玛射线的数据和其他可见光的数据的变化, 来更好的定位伽玛射线圈。 |
|
simultaneously:adv.同时地; compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较; variations:n.变奏曲,变更;[生物]变种(variation的复数形式); visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目; from day to day:一天天地; localize:vt.使地方化;使局部化;停留在一地方;vi.局部化;集中; blobs:n.斑点(blob的复数);v.溅污(blob的三单形式);
|
| My research shows that in some instances , these blobs form much closer to the black hole than we initially thought. |
我的研究表明有些时候, 这些射线圈比我们预想的 要距离黑洞更近。 |
|
instances:n.相依物体,例子; v.举例说明(instance的第三人称单数形式); initially:adv.最初,首先;开头;
|
| As we more confidently localize where these gamma ray blobs are forming, we can better understand how jets are being accelerated, and ultimately reveal the dynamic processes by which some of the most fascinating objects in our universe are formed. |
当我们越发确定 伽玛射线圈形成的地方, 我们就能更好的理解喷射流被加速过程, 最终揭示 宇宙中一些迷人的天体的动态形成过程。 |
|
confidently:adv.自信地;安心地; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧; dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
|
| This all started as a love story. |
这是一个爱情故事开始的。 |
| And it still is. |
并且一直是。 |
| This love transformed me from a curious , stargazing young girl to a professional astrophysicist, hot on the heels of celestial discovery. |
这个爱把我从一个好奇的,仰望星空的小女孩 转变成一个天体物理学家专家, 热衷于发现天体。 |
|
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; stargazing:n.耽于幻想;心不在焉;v.眺望星星;空想(stargaze的现在分词); professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; heels:n.高跟鞋(heel的复数);脚踝;残余料;v.紧跟;给(鞋等)装跟(heel的三单形式); celestial:adj.天上的,天空的;n.神仙,天堂里的居民;
|
| Who knew that chasing after the universe would ground me so deeply to my mission here on Earth. |
谁知道追随着宇宙 会让我深深地投入到我在地球上的工作中。 |
| Then again, when do we ever know where love's first flutter will truly take us. |
还有,我们什么时候会知道 我们的爱好最终会将我们引向何方。 |
|
flutter:vi.飘动;鼓翼;烦扰;vt.拍;使焦急;使飘动;n.摆动;鼓翼;烦扰;
|
| Thank you. |
谢谢大家。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |