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JanineBenyus_2009G-_仿生技术进行式_
If I could reveal anything that is hidden from us, at least in modern cultures, it would be to reveal something that we've forgotten, that we used to know as well as we knew our own names. 如果我可以展示任何事物, 任何我们看不到的事物, 至少对于现代文化来说, 那只会展示是我们抛之脑后的事物, 但我们曾经是知道他们的, 就像我们知道自己的名字一样。
reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
and that is that we live in a competent universe, that we are part of a brilliant planet. 而且我们生活在全能的宇宙中, 作为这奇妙行星中的一员,
competent:adj.胜任的;有能力的;能干的;足够的;
And that we are surrounded by genius . 我们的身边充满了天才。
genius:n.天才;天资;才能,本领;
Biomimicry is a new discipline that tries to learn from those geniuses , and take advice from them, design advice. 仿生学是一门新学科, 这门学科尝试向自然界中的天才学习, 听取它们的建议,设计上的建议。
Biomimicry:仿生学;生物模拟;生物仿生; discipline:n.纪律;训练;自制力;风纪;v.训练;管教;惩罚;处罚; geniuses:n.天才;天资;才能,本领;(genius的复数)
That's where I live. 这是我住的地方。
And it's my university as well. 也是我教书的地方。
I'm surrounded by genius. I can not help but remember the organisms and the ecosystems that know how to live here gracefully on this planet. 我被天才包围,不由自主地 一直记着这些生物和生态系统 它们知道如何优雅地生活在这个星球上。
organisms:n.[生物]生物体(organism的复数);[生物]有机体; ecosystems:n.生态系统(ecosystem的复数); gracefully:adv.优雅地;温文地;
This is what I would tell you to remember if you ever forget this again. 这是我希望你能记住的一点, 并且不要再忘记,
Remember this. 请牢记,
This is what happens every year. 这是每年都会发生的事,
This is what keeps its promise. 大自然信守承诺的事,
While we're doing bailouts , this is what happened. 正当我们忙于复苏经济,我们却忽视了这正在进行的……
bailouts:n.紧急救助;跳伞;
Spring. 春天
Imagine designing spring. 设想要设计一个春天
Imagine that orchestration . 设想一下那和谐的编排
orchestration:n.管弦乐编曲;和谐的结合;
You think TED is hard to organize . (Laughter) Right? 大家觉得TED已经够难组织的了（众笑）,是吧？
organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;
Imagine, and if you haven't done this in a while, do. 想象一下,要是你很久没这么做过,现在试一下
Imagine the timing, the coordination , all without top-down laws, or policies , or climate change protocols . 试想一下那高超的时机把握,和谐乐章的演奏, 完全不依赖于上下对应的法律法规, 完全不依赖于政策,或拯救气候变暖协议。
coordination:n.协调,调和;对等,同等; top-down:adj.[计]自顶向下;组织管理严密的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) protocols:n.协议; v.拟定议定书;
This happens every year. 春天每年都这样降临
There is lots of showing off. 当然少不了争奇斗艳
There is lots of love in the air. 空气中也充满了爱
There's lots of grand openings. 少不了富丽堂皇的开场
And the organisms, I promise you, have all of their priorities in order. 而这些有机体,我敢保证, 全都井然有序
priorities:n.优先事项;优先权;重点;(priority的复数)
I have this neighbor that keeps me in touch with this. 我曾经有个邻居,他让我常接触这些
in touch with:同…有联系,和…有接触;
Because he's living, usually on his back, looking up at those grasses. 因为他的生活,通常是躺着的, 看着那些草儿
And one time he came up to me, he was about seven or eight years old, he came up to me. 一次,他来找我 那时他大概七八岁,他来找我
And there was a wasp's nest that I had let grow in my yard, right outside my door. 告诉我,那儿有个蜂巢 就在我的后院里 穿过门就是
And most people knock them down when they're small. 多数人趁蜂巢还小的时后,就将其打下
But it was fascinating to me. 但我却着迷与此
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
Because I was looking at this sort of fine Italian end papers. 因为蜂巢在我眼里看起来极像精致的意式衬页
And he came up to me and he knocked. 他过来找我,敲了敲门
He would come every day with something to show me. 他每天都会带些东西给我看
And like, knock like a woodpecker on my door until I opened it up. 像只啄木鸟,他当当地敲门,直到我开门为止
woodpecker:n.[鸟]啄木鸟;
And he asked me how I had made the house for those wasps . 然后他问我, 我是怎么为黄蜂做巢的
wasps:n.[昆]黄蜂;[昆]胡蜂(wasp的复数形式);马蜂;
Because he had never seen one this big. 因为他从来没见过这么大的一个蜂巢
And I told him, "You know, Cody, the wasps actually made that." 我告诉他“科迪,要知道 其实那是黄蜂自己做的。”
And we looked at it together. 然后我们一起看
And I could see why he thought, you know, it was so beautifully done. 我能理解为何他会那样想 要知道,那蜂巢建的真的很美
It was so archetectural. It was so precise . 很有建筑感,很精准
precise:adj.准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的;
But it occurred to me, how in his small life had he already believed the myth that if something was that well done , that we must have done it. 但我禁不住想,为何这么小的孩子, 就已经接受并相信这么个神话, 这么完美的作品 一定是出自人类之手
occurred:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;(occur的过去分词和过去式) myth:n.神话;虚构的人,虚构的事; well done:好样的,干得好;
How did he not know, it's what we've all forgotten, that we're not the first ones to build. 为何他会不知道 人类只是忘却了 我们并非第一个会建筑的物种
We're not the first ones to process cellulose . 我们并非第一个会处理纤维的物种
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; cellulose:n.纤维素;(植物的)细胞膜质;
We're not the first ones to make paper. We're not the first ones to try to optimize packing space, or to waterproof , or to try to heat and cool a structure . 我们并非第一个造纸的物种 我们并非第一个优化填充空间的物种 也不是制作防水材料或加热冷却材质的第一物种
optimize:vt.使最优化,使完善;vi.优化;持乐观态度; waterproof:adj.防水的,不透水的;v.使防水;n.防水材料; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
We're not the first ones to build houses for our young. 也不是为后代建造房屋的第一物种
What's happening now, in this field called biomimicry, is that people are beginning to remember that organisms, other organisms, the rest of the natural world, are doing things very similar to what we need to do. 现在仿生技术领域正使 人们的记忆复苏 提醒人们,生物体,其他生物体 自然界中的其他生物体 正在做的与我们极为相似
But in fact they are doing them in a way that have allowed them to live gracefully on this planet for billions of years. 但事实上,他们的方法 可以使它们优雅地生活在这个星球上 达数十亿年之久
So these people, biomimics, are nature's apprentices . 这些仿生学家们, 是大自然的学徒
apprentices:[劳经]学徒;
And they're focusing on function. 他们注重功能
What I'd like to do is show you a few of the things that they're learning. 我想向大家展示一下 他们正在学习的东西
They have asked themselves, " What if , every time I started to invent something, 他们这样问自己 “要是我发明前
What if:如果…怎么办?
I asked, 'How would nature solve this?'" 都想想大自然对此的解决方案,会怎样呢？”
And here is what they're learning. 这是他们正在学习的
This is an amazing picture from a Czech photographer named Jack Hedley. 这张令人拍案叫绝的照片是捷克摄影师杰克.海德里的作品
Czech:adj.捷克的,捷克人的,捷克语的;n.捷克人;捷克语;
This is a story about an engineer at JR West. 这个故事是关于工程师J.R.韦斯特的
They're the people who make the bullet train . 他是研制子弹列车（bullet train）的一员
bullet train:n.[交]子弹头列车;高速火车;
It was called the bullet train because it was rounded in front. 之所以叫子弹列车 是因为车头是圆的
But every time it went into a tunnel it would build up a pressure wave. 但每次驶进山洞时 就会产生一股压力波
tunnel:n.地下通道;地道;隧道;(动物的)洞穴通道;v.开凿隧道;挖地道;
And then it would create like a sonic boom when it exited. 驶出山洞时就会发出音爆巨响
sonic boom:n.声爆;音爆(飞机超声速飞行时发出的巨大声响);声震;
So the engineer's boss said, "Find a way to quiet this train." 于是工程师的头儿说: “找个法子降降音量。”
He happened to be a birder . 韦斯特正巧也是个鸟类爱好者
birder:n.猎鸟者;
He went to the equivalent of an Audubon Society meeting. 他去了奥杜邦学会相关会议
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; Audubon:n.奥杜邦(美国鸟类学家,画家和博物学家);
And he studied, there was a film about king fishers . 研究学习,正巧,一段关于翠鸟的影片
fishers:渔夫;渔船;食鱼貂(fisher的复数形式);
And he thought to himself, "They go from one density of medium , the air, into another density of medium , water, without a splash . Look at this picture. 让他灵光一闪,“他们从一种密度的介质,空气 进入另一种密度的介质,水 却溅不起一丝水花。”看看这张照片
density:n.密度; medium:n.(传播信息的)媒介;手段;工具;方法;adj.中等的;中号的; splash:v.溅,泼;用...使液体飞溅;n.飞溅的水;污点;卖弄;
Without a splash, so they can see the fish. 因为没有一丝水花,水里的鱼鸟儿看得一清二楚
And he thought, "What if we do this?" 接着他想到“要不我们也这么办？”
Quieted the train. 通过这种方法,列车的噪声大大降低
Made it go 10 percent faster on 15 percent less electricity . 同时,速度提升了10%并且节省了15%的电力
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
How does nature repel bacteria ? 大自然是如何抗菌的呢？
repel:v.击退;抵制;使厌恶;使不愉快; bacteria:n.[微]细菌;
We're not the first ones to have to protect ourselves from some bacteria. 我们并非第一个保护自己 免受细菌侵害的物种
Turns out that -- this is a Galapagos Shark. 原来答案在加拉帕戈斯群岛的鲨鱼(Galapagos Shark)身上
It has no bacteria on its surface, no fouling on its surface, no barnacles . 它表面没有细菌、污垢,身上也没有附着甲壳动物
fouling:n.污染;污垢;v.犯规(foul的ing形式);弄脏; barnacles:n.[无脊椎]藤壶(barnacle的复数);刑具;
And it's not because it goes fast. 这并不是因为它游得快
It actually basks . It's a slow moving shark. 事实上它很惬意,一向游得很慢
basks:vi.晒太阳;取暖;愉快或舒适;vt.使…晒太阳;使暖和而舒适;
So how does it keep its body free of bacteria build-up ? 那它是如何保持身体不滋生细菌的呢？
build-up:n.组成;逐渐增加或积累;堆起;adj.内建的;
It doesn't do it with a chemical . 它不使用化学制剂
chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的;
It does it, it turns out, with the same denticles that you had on Speedo bathing suits, that broke all those records in the Olympics. 原来是他身上的锯齿状物 就是和Speedo泳衣材质一样的锯齿状物 有了它运动员在奥运会上所向披靡
denticles:n.小牙;(建)齿饰;(denticle的复数) Speedo:n.速度计;速率计; bathing:n.游泳,畅游;v.给…洗澡;洗澡;(bath的现在分词)
But it's a particular kind of pattern. 但这齿状物有一种独特的图案
And that pattern, the architecture of that pattern on its skin denticles keep bacteria from being able to land and adhere . 而其结构 富含锯齿状物 让细菌无处无处着生
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; adhere:vi.坚持;依附;粘着;追随;vt.使粘附;
There is a company called Sharklet Technologies that's now putting this on the surfaces in hospitals to keep bacteria from landing. 有家叫Sharklet Technologies的公司 正把这种结构铺设在医院的墙面上 防止细菌附着
Technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
Which is better than dousing it with anti-bacterials or harsh cleansers that many many organisms are now becoming drug resistant . 此法远优于抗菌或其他任何强劲的洗液 许多生物体都对这些洗液产生抗药性
dousing:v.平息;使浸透;熄灭(douse的ing形式); harsh:adj.严厉的;严酷的;刺耳的;粗糙的;刺目的; cleansers:n.[化工]清洁剂;清洁用品;面部清洁(cleanser的复数); resistant:adj.抵抗的,反抗的;顽固的;n.抵抗者;
Hospital-acquired infections are now killing more people every year, in the United States than die from AIDS or cancer or car accidents combined, about 100 thousand. 在美国,每年在医院里感染致死的人数 远高于 艾滋病、癌症及交通事故死亡率的总和 达到10万人左右
Hospital-acquired:医院获得性; infections:n.传染病;口腔病害(infection复数形式); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
This is a little critter that's in the Namibian desert. 这是种住在纳米比亚沙漠的小生物
critter:n.人;家畜;马;牛;
It has no fresh water that it's able to drink. 它们没有新鲜水源可以饮用
But it drinks water out of fog. 但它们从雾气中摄取水分
It's got bumps on the back of its wing covers. 在覆盖它身体的翅膀后侧有些突起
bumps:碰撞(bump的第三人称单数);碰撞(bump的复数);
And those bumps act like a magnet for water. 这些突起像磁铁一样吸水
magnet:n.磁体;磁铁;磁石;吸铁石;
They have water-loving tips , and waxy sides. 它们有亲水的前端和蜡质的旁侧
water-loving:亲水的; tips:n.尖端; v.(使)倾斜,翻覆; (tip的第三人称单数和复数) waxy:adj.柔软的;蜡色的;像蜡的;苍白的;
And the fog comes in and it builds up on the tips. 所以雾气回凝结在尖端
And it goes down the sides and goes into the critter's mouth. 然后从旁侧流下直至其口中
There is actually a scientist here at Oxford who studied this, Andrew Parker. 有位牛津大学的科学家 安德鲁帕克对此做过研究
And now kinetic and architectural firms like Grimshaw are starting to look at this as a way of coating buildings so that they gather water from the fog. 现在有些动力和建筑公司,比如Grimshaw 开始着眼于把这项技术应用在 建筑涂料上 这样雾气中的水分就可以被收集起来
kinetic:adj.[力]运动的;活跃的; architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的;
10 times better than our fog-catching nets. 效果比现有的捉雾网(fog-catching nets)高10倍
CO2 as a building block . 二氧化碳作为建筑材料
Organisms don't think of CO2 as a poison. 生物体可不把二氧化碳当有害气体
Plants and organisms that make shells , coral , think of it as a building block. 对于那些生产贝壳珊瑚的植物及有机体 这可是建筑材料
shells:n.壳;壳状物;炮弹;v.炮击;给…去壳(shell的第三人称单数和复数) coral:n.珊瑚;珊瑚虫;adj.珊瑚的;珊瑚色的;
There is now a cement manufacturing company starting in the United States called Clara. 现在有间水泥制造公司 叫Clara,成立于美国
cement:n.水泥;(干燥后硬化的)水泥;胶合剂;胶接剂;v.加强;胶合; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
They've borrowed the recipe from the coral reef . 他们借用了珊瑚的秘方
recipe:n.食谱;方法;诀窍;烹饪法; reef:礁,礁脉
And they're using CO2 as a building block in cement, in concrete . 把二氧化碳当作 水泥、混凝土的成分
concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
Instead of, cement usually emits a ton of CO2 for every ton of cement. 通常情况下, 每生产一吨水泥排放一吨的二氧化碳
emits:发出;放射;发行(emit的动词单数第三人称形式);
Now it's reversing that equation , and actually sequestering half a ton of CO2 thanks to the recipe from the coral. 现在方程式被逆转 并且可以降低半吨二氧化碳 这一切可多亏了珊瑚的秘方
reversing:v.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反;(reverse的现在分词) equation:n.方程式,等式;相等;[化学]反应式; sequestering:vt.使隔绝;使隐退;没收,扣押;
None of these are using the organisms. 以上这些都没利用生物体
They're really only using the blueprints or the recipes from the organisms. 它们其实只用了 生命蓝图或秘方
blueprints:n.[印刷]蓝图; v.绘…的蓝图; recipes:n.烹饪法;食谱;方法;秘诀;诀窍;(recipe的复数)
How does nature gather the sun's energy? 大自然如何收集太阳能？
This is a new kind of solar cell that's based on how a leaf works. 这是一种新的太阳能电池 它是基于叶子的运作方式
solar cell:光电管;
It's self assembling . 它可以自我组装
assembling:v.聚集;集合;收集;装配;组装;(assemble的现在分词)
It can be put down on any substrate whatsoever . 也可以着根于任何生化基质
substrate:n.基质;基片;底层(等于substratum);酶作用物; whatsoever:pron.无论什么;
It's extremely inexpensive and rechargeable every five years. 其价格低廉 而且每五年可再充电
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; inexpensive:adj.廉价的;不昂贵的; rechargeable:adj.可再充电的;收费的;
It's actually a company a company that I'm involved in called OneSun, with Paul Hawken. 其实是我参与的一间叫OneSun的公司 和保罗.浩肯合作
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
There are many many ways that nature filters water that takes salt out of water. 大自然有好多好多净水 并去除盐分的方法
filters:n.过滤器; v.过滤; (filter的第三人称单数和复数)
We take water and push it against a membrane . 我们人类却用水去挤压细胞膜
membrane:n.膜;薄膜;羊皮纸;
And then we wonder why the membrane clogs and why it takes so much electricity. 还纳闷为何细胞膜会堵塞 为何这一过程如此费电
clogs:n.木屐;木底鞋(clog的复数);阻碍;v.堵塞;阻碍(clog的三单形式);
Nature does something much more elegant . 大自然的手法则更加优雅
elegant:adj.高雅的,优雅的;讲究的;简炼的;简洁的;
And it's in every cell. 这种方法渗透到每一个细胞
Every red blood cell of your body right now has these hourglass shaped pores called aquaporins. 现在你体内的每一个血红细胞 都有沙漏型小孔 叫水孔蛋白(aquaporins)
red blood cell:n.红细胞;红血球; hourglass:n.沙漏;水漏; pores:n.[陶瓷]气孔;毛穴(pore的复数);v.注视;熟读;沉思(pore的第三人称单数);
They actually export water molecules through. 它们让水分子通过、流出
export:n.出口;[无线电]呼叫;出口货;输出额;v.出口;排出;adj.输出的; molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数);
It's kind of a forward osmosis . 这过程多少有点像正向渗透
osmosis:n.[物]渗透;[物]渗透性;渗透作用;
They export water molecules through, and leave solutes on the other side . 它们输出水分子 把溶解质留在另一边
solutes:n.[化]溶质;溶解物;(solutes是solute的复数); on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
A company called Aquaporin is starting to make desalination membranes mimicking this technology . 一间名叫Aquaporin的公司正在开始制造 模仿这项技术的去盐薄膜
desalination:n.脱盐作用;减少盐分; membranes:n.细胞膜(membrane的复数);薄膜;膜皮; mimicking:v.模仿人的言行举止;做滑稽模仿;像,似;(mimic的现在分词) technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Trees and bones are constantly reforming themselves along lines of stress. 树木和骨骼通常 沿着压力线自我重组
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; reforming:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;(reform的现在分词)
This algorithm has been put into a software program that's now being used to make bridges lightweight , to make building beams lightweight. 这种演算法已被运用在软件上 协助促使桥梁轻量化 使建筑钢梁轻量化
lightweight:n.轻量级选手;无足轻重的人;adj.重量轻的;平均重量以下的; beams:[建]梁;
Actually G.M. Opel used it to create that skeleton you see, in what's called their bionic car. 事实上通用汽车的欧宝(Opel)已开始运用这项技术 制造你所见过的那种汽车骨架 在所谓的仿生车当中
skeleton:n.骨架,骨骼;纲要;骨瘦如柴的人;adj.骨骼的;骨瘦如柴的;概略的; bionic:adj.仿生学的;利用仿生学的;
It lightweighted that skeleton using a minimum amount of material, as an organism must, for the maximum amount of strength. 轻量化的骨架使用最少的材料 正如一个有机体为生存所必须做到的一样 获取最大限量的支撑力
minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的; maximum:n.最大限度;最大量;最高限度;adj.最高的;最多的;最大极限的;
This beetle , unlike this chip bag here, this beetle uses one material, chitin . 这只甲虫,和这袋薯片不大一样 这甲虫运用了一种材料,壳质(chitin)
beetle:n.甲壳虫;adj.突出的;愁眉苦脸的;v.快速移动 chip:v.削,凿;削成碎片;剥落;碎裂;n.[电子]芯片;筹码;碎片;(食物的)小片;薄片; chitin:n.壳质;几丁质;角素;
And it finds many many ways to put many functions into it. 并且找出了好多方法 让壳质发挥多种功能
It's waterproof. 它防水
It's strong and resilient . 坚固有弹性
resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
It's breathable . It creates color through structure. 又透气,并且结构安排产生颜色
breathable:adj.可以吸入的,可以呼吸的;
Whereas that chip bag has about seven layers to do all of those things. 再来看看那袋薯片,同样的效果需要7层才能实现
Whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数)
One of our major inventions that we need to be able to do to come even close to what these organisms can do is to find a way to minimize the amount of material, the kind of material we use, and to add design to it. 我们的主要发明之一 就是我们必须具备能力 去与这些生物体更加亲近 要实现这一目的,我们要 减少材料用量,减少我们使用材料量 然后加上设计
minimize:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要;
We use five polymers in the natural world to do everything that you see. 大自然使用五种聚合物 你亲眼所见的都是其杰作
polymers:n.[高分子]聚合物;[高分子]高分子(polymer的复数);
In our world we use about 350 polymers to make all this. 而我们人类使用350种聚合物 才成就了今天的一切
Nature is nano . 大自然是纳米专家
nano:n.纳;毫微;
Nanotechnology , nanoparticles , you hear a lot of worry about this. 关于纳米科技、纳米粒子,各种忧虑屡见不鲜
Nanotechnology:n.纳米技术; nanoparticles:n.纳米粒子(nanoparticle的复数形式);
Loose nanoparticles. What is really interesting to me is that not many people have been asking, "How can we consult nature about how to make nanotechnology safe?" 松散的纳米粒子。而我最感兴趣的是 有多少人问过: “我们应如何借鉴大自然使纳米技术安全化？”
Loose:adj.宽松的; v.释放; v.松散地; n.放纵; consult:v.咨询;请教;商量;查阅;查询;参看;
Nature has been doing that for a long time. 大自然已行之久远
Bedding nanoparticles in a material for instance , always. 例如,他总是把纳米粒子固定在某种材质中
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
In fact, sulfur-reducing bacteria, as part of their synthesis , they will emit, as a byproduct , nanoparticles into the water. 事实上,除硫细菌(sulfur-reducing bacteria) 在其合成过程中 会释放一种副产品 一种纳米粒子进入水中
synthesis:n.综合,[化学]合成;综合体; byproduct:n.副产品;
But then right after that, they emit a protein that actually gathers and aggregates those nanoparticles so that they fall out of solution . 在此之后,它会释放一种蛋白质 可以聚集、聚合那些纳米粒子 于是它们得以解决
protein:n.蛋白质; aggregates:n.总量; v.聚集; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
Energy use. Organisms sip energy. 能量使用。生物体慎用能量
sip:v.小口喝;n.一小口(饮料);
Because they have to work or barter for every single bit that they get. 因为它们不得不为此运转或易物来获得每一分
barter:vi.进行易货贸易; vt.以…作为交换; n.易货贸易;
And one of the largest fields right now, in the world of energy grids , you hear about the smart grid. 如今最主要的领域之一 世界能源网中 你一定听说过智能电网(smart grid)
grids:n.[数]网格(grid的复数形式);栅格;
One of the largest consultants are the social insects. 其最重要的顾问之一就是群居昆虫
consultants:n.[经]顾问;咨询顾问;咨询公司;咨询人员(consultant的复数);
Swarm technology. There is a company called Regen. 峰群技术。有一家名为Regen的公司
Swarm:n.一大群(蜜蜂等昆虫); vi.成群地来回移动;
They are looking at how ants and bees find their food and their flowers in the most effective way as a whole hive . 他们通过观察蚂蚁和蜜蜂 觅食集采花粉 用对整个蜂巢 的最有效方式
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; as a whole:总的来说; hive:vi.群居; n.蜂房,蜂巢; vt.入蜂箱;
And they're having appliances in your home talk to one another through that algorithm, and determine how to minimize peak power use. 它们有种家用设备 通过哪种演算法互相沟通 然后决定如何把尖峰用电量降到最低
appliances:n.(家用)电器,器具;(appliance的复数) determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
There's a group of scientists in Cornell that are making what they call a synthetic tree. 有一群康奈尔大学的科学家 正在制造他们所谓的人造树
synthetic:adj.综合的;合成的,人造的;n.合成物;
Because they are saying, "There is no pump at the bottom of a tree." 因为他们说“树底部没有水泵。”
pump:n.抽水机;泵;打气筒;v.用泵输送;涌出;奔流;快速摇动;
It's capillary action and transpiration pulls water up, a drop at a time, pulling it, releasing from a leaf and pulling it up through the roots. 是毛细作用和蒸散作用产生的拉力 一滴一滴把水吸上去 拉上去,从叶面释放然后从根部拉取
capillary action:n.毛细作用;毛细引力(或吸力); transpiration:n.蒸发,散发;[植]蒸腾作用;[航]流逸; releasing:n.释放;松释动作;脱扣释放;v.释放;排放;(release的现在分词);
And they're creating -- you can think of it as a kind of wallpaper . 然后它们可以创造--想象它们是一种壁纸
wallpaper:n.[建]壁纸,墙纸;vi.贴墙纸,贴壁纸;v.贴墙纸于,贴壁纸于;
They're thinking about putting it on the insides of buildings to move water up without pumps . 这些科学家正想把它运用在建筑内部 把水抽高而不需水泵
pumps:n.[机]泵; v.用泵送;
Amazon Electric Eel . Incredibly endangered , some of these species , create 600 volts of electricity with the chemicals that are in your body. 亚马逊电鳗(Amazon Electric Eel),濒临绝种 这些物种当中的一些 能使用身体中的一些化学物质 产生600伏的电力
Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; Electric Eel:na.[动]电鳗; Incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; endangered:v.使遭危险;危及;危害;(endanger的过去分词和过去式) species:n.[生物]物种;种类; volts:n.伏特(volt的复数形式);电压; chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数)
Even more interesting to me is that 600 volts doesn't fry it. 更让我感兴趣的是 600伏的高压却没把自己煎熟
You know we use PVC. And we sheath wires with PVC for insulation . 要知道我们用聚氯乙烯(PVC)包住电线 利用聚氯乙烯作为绝缘体
sheath:n.鞘;护套;叶鞘;女子紧身服装; insulation:n.绝缘;隔离,孤立;
These organisms, how are they insulating against their own electric charge? 这些生物,它们如何让自己 跟自己产生的电力绝缘呢？
insulating:adj.起隔热(或隔音、绝缘)作用的; v.使免除; (insulate的现在分词)
These are some questions that we've yet to ask. 有些问题我们尚无解答
Here's a wind turbine manufacturer that went to a whale. 有一家涡轮制造商取法于鲸鱼
wind turbine:n.风力机;风力涡轮机;风力发电机; manufacturer:n.生产商;生产者;制造者;
Humpback whale has scalloped edges on its flippers . 驼背鲸(Humpback whale)有扇形边的鳍
Humpback whale:n.[动]座头鲸; scalloped:adj.扇形的; v.使成扇形; flippers:n.脚蹼(flipper的复数);蛙鞋;
And those scalloped edges play with flow in such a way that is reduces drag by 32 percent. 那些扇形边 用某种方式与水流相互作用 减少了32%的阻力
drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石;
These wind turbines can rotate in incredibly slow windspeeds, as a result . 于是极低的风速即可转动风扇
turbines:n.[动力]涡轮;[动力]涡轮机(turbine的复数);[动力]汽轮机; rotate:v.旋转;转动;轮换;使…轮流; as a result:结果;
MIT just has a new radio chip that uses far less power than our chips . 麻省理工大学刚制造出一种新的无线电晶片 其用电量远小于目前晶片
chips:炸土豆条(chip的复数)
And it's based on the cochlear of you ear, able to pick up internet, wireless , television signals and radio signals, in the same chip. 而且它取法与你耳中的耳蜗 可以接收网络、无线电、电视信号 电台信号,这些功能都集于一身
cochlear:adj.耳蜗的; wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送;
Finally , on an ecosystem scale . 最后,建立在生态系统规模上
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
At Biomimicry Guild , which is my consulting company, we work with HOK Architects , we're looking at building whole cities, in their planning department. 在Biomimicry Guild,也就是我的顾问的公司 我们与HOK建筑公司合作 我们真在考虑建造整座城市 我们在他们的筹划部门工作
Guild:n.协会,行会;同业公会; consulting:adj.咨询的,商议的;v.咨询,请教;商议;(consult的现在分词形式) Architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
And what we're saying is that, shouldn't our cities do at least as well, in terms of ecosystem services, as the native systems that they replace? 我们诉求的是 从生态系统服务的角度来看 我们的城市至少不应该是 干他们取代的原始系统一样好吗？
native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民;
So we're creating something called Ecological Performance Standards , that hold cities to this higher bar. 于是我们正在设立生态性能标准 能让城市维持在这个标准
Ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的; Performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; Standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
The question is -- biomimicry is an incredibly powerful way to innovate . 问题是,仿生科技是创新 一条极其有力的途径
innovate:vi.创新;改革;革新;vt.改变;创立;创始;引人;
The question I would ask is, "What's worth solving?" 我想问的是:“哪些问题值得去解决？”
If you haven't seen this, it's pretty amazing. 要你之前没看过,这个会挺令人吃惊的
Dr. Adam Neiman. 亚当.尼曼博士
This is a depiction of all of the water on Earth in relation to the volume of the Earth, all the ice, all the fresh water, all the sea water, and all the atmosphere that we can breathe, in relation to the volume of the Earth. 这张图像描绘的是 地球上所有的水 相对于地球体积 所有的冰、淡水、咸水 和我们呼吸的大气,相对于地球的体积
depiction:n.描写,叙述; volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本 atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格;
And inside those balls life, over 3.8 billion years, has made a lush , livable place for us. 而在那些球里头的是 生命,超过3.8亿年之久 帮我们创造了苍翠、适宜居住的环境
lush:adj.丰富的,豪华的;苍翠繁茂的;vi.喝酒;n.酒;酒鬼;vt.饮; livable:adj.适于居住的;生活过得有价值的;
And we are in a long long line of organisms to come to this planet and ask ourselves, "How can we live here gracefully over the long haul ?" 在所有的生物当中 我们排在长长的队伍后面 来到地球上面并问我们自己 “我们如何优雅的、长久的生存？”
over the long haul:长远地;从长远观点看;
How can we do what life has learned to do? 我们如何才能做到其他生物早已学会的事情？
Which is to create conditions conducive to life. 也就是创造有利于生存的环境
conducive:adj.有益的;有助于…的;
Now in order to do this, the design challenge of our century, I think, we need a way to remind ourselves of those geniuses, and to somehow meet them again. 现在为了实现这个目的 我们这一世纪设计的挑战,我想 我们需要时时提醒自己想想那些天才 并且再以某种方式与它们会面
remind:v.提醒;使想起; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
One of the big ideas, one of the big projects 其中一个庞大的计划
I've been honored to work on is a new website. And I would encourage you all to please go to it. 是我有幸参与的 是关于一个新网站,我希望大家去浏览它
It's called AskNature.org. 它叫AskNature.org
And what we're trying to do, in a TEDesque way, is to organize all biological information by design and engineering function. 我们尝试沿用TED的风格 依照设计上和工程上的功能 组织所有生物资讯
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
And we're working with EOL, Encyclopaedia Of Life, 我与生物百科合作
Encyclopaedia:n.百科全书;
Ed Wilson's TED wish. 达成爱德.威尔逊的TED愿望
And he's gathering all biological information on one website. 他正在收集各种生物资讯 于一个网站
And the scientists who are contributing to EOL are answering a question. 而为生物百科做贡献的科学家都在问一个问题:
contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词)
'"What can we learn from this organism?" “我们从这种生物身上可以学到什么？”
And that information will go into AskNature.org. 然后那些资讯会放在上面提过的网站上
And hopefully, any inventor, anywhere in the world, will be able, in the moment of creation , to type in, "How does nature remove salt from water?" 但愿,所有发明家,甚至世上的所有人 可以在他们灵光一之际,可以输入: 大自然如何去除水中盐分
creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物;
And up will come mangroves and sea turtles , and your own kidneys . 然后结果就会显示红树林和海龟 还有你的肾脏
mangroves:n.[林]红树林(mangrove的复数);红树属植物; turtles:n.海龟;龟;陆龟;水龟;鳖;(turtle的复数) kidneys:n.[解剖]肾脏;转炉的附着物;肾形矿脉(kidney的复数);
And we'll begin to be able to do as Cody does, and actually be in touch with these incredible models, these elders that have been here far far longer than we have. 然后我们会开始 有能力做到 做到我的邻居科迪做到的 去接触这些 邻人赞叹不已的模型 这些自然界中的长者 在地球上的日子远远多于我们
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
And hopefully, with their help, we'll learn how to live on this Earth, and on this home that is ours, but not ours alone. 但愿,在它们的帮助下 我们能学会如何在地球上生存 地球是我们的家园,但不是我们人类单独拥有的
Thank you very much. 谢谢
(Applause) （鼓掌）