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JamiePaik_2019-_能够自我重塑和变形的折纸机器人_-
As a roboticist , I get asked a lot of questions. 作为一个机器人科学家, 我经常被问到很多问题。
roboticist:n.机器人专家;
'"When we will they start serving me breakfast?" “什么时候才会有机器人 帮我做早饭？”
So I thought the future of robotics would be looking more like us. 我认为未来的机器人 会跟我们长得很像。
robotics:n.机器人学;
I thought they would look like me, so I built eyes that would simulate my eyes. 我觉得他们会长得和我一样, 所以我为它们制作了眼睛, 以我的眼睛作为模拟范本。
simulate:vt.模仿;假装;冒充;adj.模仿的;假装的;
I built fingers that are dextrous enough to serve me ... 我为机器人研制了 足够灵活的手指,来帮我……
dextrous:adj.机巧的;用惯右手的;
baseballs. 投棒球。
Classical robots like this are built and become functional based on the fixed number of joints and actuators . 像这样的传统机器人 是基于固定数量的 关节和制动器来执行它的功能,
Classical:adj.古典的;经典的;传统的;第一流的;n.古典音乐; functional:adj.功能的; joints:n.关节; v.接合,联合; (joint的第三人称单数和复数) actuators:n.[电]致动器,制动器(actuator复数形式);
And this means their functionality and shape are already fixed at the moment of their conception . 这意味着在设计构思它们的阶段, 其功能和外形 就已基本固定了。
functionality:n.功能;[数]泛函性,函数性; conception:n.怀孕;概念;设想;开始;
So even though this arm has a really nice throw -- it even hit the tripod at the end-- it's not meant for cooking you breakfast per se . 也就是说,虽然这个 机械臂扔球扔得很准—— 准到完美击中三脚架—— 但它并不能给你做早饭,
tripod:n.[摄]三脚架;三脚桌; per se:adv.本身;本质上;
It's not really suited for scrambled eggs . 比如炒鸡蛋。
scrambled eggs:摊鸡蛋,炒鸡蛋;
So this was when I was hit by a new vision of future robotics: the transformers . 所以我对未来的机器人 产生了新的构想: 那就是“变形金刚”。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; transformers:n.[电]变压器;促使变化的人或物;(transformer的复数)
They drive, they run, they fly, all depending on the ever-changing , new environment and task at hand. 这种机器人可以根据 执行的任务和环境的不同, 在驾驶、奔跑、飞行 三种模式间自由切换。
ever-changing:adj.千变万化的;常变的;
To make this a reality, you really have to rethink how robots are designed. 为了实现这个构想, 我们必须重新思考 机器人的设计方式。
rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法;
So, imagine a robotic module in a polygon shape and using that simple polygon shape to reconstruct multiple different forms to create a new form of robot for different tasks. 想象一个多边形的机器人模块, 并且用这一个简单的多边形模块 去“折”成各种不同的形状, 去拼成一个新的机器人 来完成各种不同的任务。
module:n.模块;组件;单元; polygon:n.多边形;多角形物体; reconstruct:vt.重建;改造;修复;重现; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数;
In CG, computer graphics , it's not any news -- it's been done for a while , and that's how most of the movies are made. 在计算机绘图领域, 这不是什么新鲜事—— 它已经应用多年, 而且大多数电影都采用这项技术。
graphics:n.[测]制图学;制图法;图表算法; for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时;
But if you're trying to make a robot that's physically moving, it's a completely new story. 但要建造一个 身体可以移动的机器人, 就完全是另一回事了。
It's a completely new paradigm . 没有前例可循。
paradigm:n.范例;词形变化表;
But you've all done this. 但是,我们都干过类似的事。
Who hasn't made a paper airplane , paper boat, paper crane ? 那便是,我们都折过纸, 无论是纸飞机、纸船,还是千纸鹤。
airplane:n.飞机; crane:n.吊车,起重机;鹤;vi.伸着脖子看;迟疑,踌躇;vt.用起重机起吊;伸长脖子;
Origami is a versatile platform for designers. 以设计师的角度来看, 折纸艺术是一个变化多端的过程,
Origami:n.折纸手工;折纸手工品; versatile:adj.多才多艺的;通用的,万能的;多面手的; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
From a single sheet of paper, you can make multiple shapes, and if you don't like it, you unfold and fold back again. 用一张纸,你就可以折出各种形状, 如果你不喜欢这个作品, 可以拆开来,再折出另外的东西。
sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的; unfold:v.(使)展开;打开;展示;透露;
and this is proven mathematically . 这在数学上得到了证明。
mathematically:adv.算术地,数学上地;
And imagine if you were to have an intelligent sheet that can self-fold into any form it wants, anytime. 再想象一下, 要是有一张智能化的纸, 这张纸可以随时随地自己折成 任何形状。
intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 self-fold:自折叠;
And that's what I've been working on. 这就是我致力于创造的
I call this robotic origami, "robogami." “全自动折纸机器人”, 简称 “折纸机器人（robogami）”。
This is our first robogami transformation that was made by me about 10 years ago. 这是我十年前做的 第一代 “折纸机器人” 首次变型的过程。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
From a flat-sheeted robot, it turns into a pyramid and back into a flat sheet and into a space shuttle . 它从一个平面 变成了金字塔,然后再变回来, 接着又变成航天飞机的形状。
space shuttle:n.航天飞机;
Quite cute. 很可爱吧!
Ten years later, with my group of ninja origami robotic researchers -- about 22 of them right now -- we have a new generation of robogamis, and they're a little more effective and they do more than that. 十年后的今天,我的 忍者折纸机器人研究团队—— 我们现在大概有 22 个人—— 已经做出了新一代的折纸机器人, 它的执行效率更高, 能完成的事情也更多。
ninja:n.(受过偷窃技术专门训练被雇作间谍或刺客的)日本武士;n.忍者; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
So the new generation of robogamis actually serve a purpose. 这代折纸机器人是有实际用途的,
For example, this one actually navigates through different terrains autonomously . 比方说,这个机器人 能根据实际地形来自主导航。
navigates:导航;找到正确的行进方向;航行;绕过; terrains:n.[地理]地形; autonomously:adv.自治地;独立自主地;
So when it's a dry and flat land, it crawls . 在干燥和平坦的地面, 它会以爬行的方式前进。
crawls:v.爬;匍匐行进;(昆虫)爬行;缓慢行进;(crawl的第三人称单数)
And if it meets sudden rough terrain, it starts rolling. 要是地表凹凸不平, 它就采用翻滚模式。
It does this -- it's the same robot -- but depending on which terrain it meets, it activates a different sequence of actuators that's on board. 虽然是同一个机器人, 但现在它能根据不同地形 激活不同的驱动器, 从而采取不同的移动方式。
activates:v.[电子][物]激活;活化(activate的三单形式); sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列;
And once it meets an obstacle , it jumps over it. 当它遇到障碍物时, 还能直接跳过去,
obstacle:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;绊脚石;
It does this by storing energy in each of its legs and releasing it and catapulting like a slingshot . 这是通过在机器人腿部储存 并释放能量来完成的。 于是机器人 就会像弹弓一样弹起来,
releasing:n.释放;松释动作;脱扣释放;v.释放;排放;(release的现在分词); catapulting:n.弹射速率;弹弩; slingshot:n.弹弓;
And it even does gymnastics . 它甚至还能做体操动作。
gymnastics:n.体操;体育;体操运动;
Yay. 耶！
(Laughter) （笑声）
So I just showed you what a single robogami can do. 你们刚刚看到了 一个折纸机器人所能实现的,
Imagine what they can do as a group. 更不用说如果有一群 这样的机器人了,
They can join forces to tackle more complex tasks. 它们可以联合起来 完成更复杂的任务,
join forces:协力;团结; tackle:v.处理; n.用具; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
Each module, either active or passive , we can assemble them to create different shapes. 每个模组,不论是主动式, 还是被动式模组, 我们都能够组合它们 来创造出各种不同的形状。
passive:adj.被动的,消极的;被动语态的;n.被动语态; assemble:vt.集合,聚集;装配;收集;vi.集合,聚集;
Not only that , by controlling the folding joints, we're able to create and attack different tasks. 不仅如此,通过控制 它们的可折叠关节, 我们还可以创造并攻克不同的任务。
only that:只是;要不是;
The form is making new task space. 灵活多变的组合形状 正在开拓机器人的新任务空间。
And this time, what's most important is the assembly . 此时,最重要的任务便是组合。
assembly:n.装配;集会,集合;
They need to autonomously find each other in a different space, attach and detach , depending on the environment and task. 我们得让机器人能自主找到彼此, 并根据环境和任务的需要, 合体或者分离,
attach:v.贴上;重视;把…固定,把…附(在…上);参加;与…有联系; detach:v.分离;派遣;使超然;
And we can do this now. 这已经实现了。
So what's next? 那下一步是什么？
Our imagination . 突破我们的想象力。
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
This is a simulation of what you can achieve with this type of module. 这是我们可以通过该模组 实现的机器人模拟。
simulation:n.仿真;模拟;模仿;假装;
We decided that we were going to have a four-legged crawler turn into a little dog and make small gaits . 我们决定把这个四腿爬行的机器人 变成一条小狗, 再让它小步走路。
four-legged:adj.四足的;有四根桅樯的; crawler:n.爬行者;履带牵引装置; gaits:n.步行靴(gait的复数形式);
With the same module, we can actually make it do something else: a manipulator , a typical , classical robotic task. 同一个模组, 我们也可以做成别的东西: 做一个机械臂, 一种典型的传统式机器人。
manipulator:n.[机]操纵器,调制器;操作者; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
So with a manipulator, it can pick up an object. 机械臂,顾名思义可以抓取物品。
Of course, you can add more modules to make the manipulator legs longer to attack or pick up objects that are bigger or smaller, or even have a third arm. 当然,你还可以添加 更多模组使机械臂更长, 来抓取更大或更小的物体, 或者甚至是装第三只手臂。
modules:n.[计]模块(module的复数);加载模块列表;
For robogamis, there's no one fixed shape nor task. 折纸机器人 是没有特定的形状或功能的。
They can transform into anything, anywhere, anytime. 它们能随时随地变换成任何形状。
So how do you make them? 那我们如何制造它们？
The biggest technical challenge of robogami is keeping them super thin, flexible , but still remaining functional. 技术上的最大挑战 就是实现超薄化, 具有灵活性, 但同时确保实用功能。
technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的;
They're composed of multiple layers of circuits , motors, microcontrollers and sensors , all in the single body, and when you control individual folding joints, you'll be able to achieve soft motions like that upon your command. 每个单一的机体内都是 由多层电路,马达, 微控制器 以及传感器组成的。 在控制单个折叠接头时, 我们的命令能让机器人 实现这样的软运动。
composed:adj.由…组成的; v.组成; (compose的过去分词和过去式) layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数) circuits:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游;(circuit的第三人称单数和复数) microcontrollers:n.[自]微控制器(microcontroller的复数); sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数); individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
Instead of being a single robot that is specifically made for a single task, robogamis are optimized to do multi-tasks. 不像其他机器人那样 局限于单一功能, 折纸机器人的优势在于 它可以完成多种任务。
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; optimized:adj.最佳化的;尽量充分利用;
And this is quite important for the difficult and unique environments on the Earth as well as in space. 这使它得以 在地球以及太空的 复杂独特的环境当中 发挥重要的作用。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
Space is a perfect environment for robogamis. 太空任务再适合折纸机器人不过了,
You cannot afford to have one robot for one task. 给每一个任务配置一个 专属的机器人成本太高,
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
Who knows how many tasks you will encounter in space? 谁知道我们未来会有多少太空任务？
encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见;
What you want is a single robotic platform that can transform to do multi-tasks. 所以必须得有一个多功能的 机器人来完成这些任务。
What we want is a deck of thin robogami modules that can transform to do multiples of performing tasks. 我们想要一套 薄型折纸机器人模组, 可以通过变形 完成各种各样的任务。
deck:n.甲板;舱面;层面;一副(为52张);v.装饰;打扮;布置;用力击倒; multiples:n.[数]倍数;跨国公司;多倍制图仪;连票; performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
And don't take my word for it, because the European Space Agency and Swiss Space Center are sponsoring this exact concept. 这不是我随便说说而已, 欧洲航天局和瑞士航天局 已经在资助这个想法了。
Agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; sponsoring:v.赞助;主办;促成;为慈善活动捐资;(sponsor的现在分词)
So here you see a couple of images of reconfiguration of robogamis, exploring the foreign land aboveground , on the surface, as well as digging into the surface. 图片上显示的就是 折纸机器人的各种不同组合, 它们能在太空外星上探索, 能在地表工作,能飞天勘察, 也能深入地表以下。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) reconfiguration:n.重新配置,再组和;结构变形; exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) aboveground:v.在地面上; adj.未葬的; n.合法天地;
It's not just exploration . 这不仅仅是探索。
exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术;
For astronauts, they need additional help, because you cannot afford to bring interns up there, either. 对于宇航员来说, 他们需要额外的帮助, 因为你无法承受 送个实习生上太空的后果。
additional:adj.附加的,额外的; interns:n.实习生(intern的复数);同住者;v.做实习生;扣留;软禁(intern的三单形式);
(Laughter) （笑声）
They have to do every tedious task. 他们必须完成每项繁琐的工作,
tedious:adj.沉闷的;冗长乏味的;
They may be simple, but super interactive . 可能是很简单, 但却有极强交互性质的工作。
interactive:adj.合作的;相互影响的;互相配合的;交互式的;n.交互式视频设备;
So you need robots to facilitate their experiments, assisting them with the communications and just docking onto surfaces to be their third arm holding different tools. 得益于此,它们可以 辅助宇航员进行实验, 帮助他们进行通信, 并直接附着在机舱表面,成为 宇航员第三只拿着不同工具的臂膀。
facilitate:vt.促进;帮助;使容易; docking:v.(使船)进港,停靠码头;对接;扣除;(dock的现在分词)
But how will they be able to control robogamis, for example, outside the space station ? 但他们如何才能控制机器人呢？ 例如,在太空站外。
space station:n.太空站;航天站;宇宙空间站;
In this case, I show a robogami that is holding space debris . 在这种情况下,我展示了一个 拿着空间碎片的折纸机器人,
debris:n.碎片,残骸;
You can work with your vision so that you can control them, but what would be better is having the sensation of touch directly transported onto the hands of the astronauts. 你可以通过视觉来操控机器人, 但更好的是将触觉, 直接传递到宇航员的手上。
sensation:n.感觉;轰动;感动; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; transported:v.(用交通工具)运输,运送,输送;(transport的过去分词和过去式)
And what you need is a haptic device , a haptic interface that recreates the sensation of touch. 此刻我们所需要的 是模拟触觉的装置, 一个可以重现触觉感受的模拟界面,
haptic:adj.触觉的; device:n.装置;策略;图案; interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接; recreates:vi.娱乐;消遣;vt.再创造;使得到娱乐;消遣;
And using robogamis, we can do this. 利用折纸机器人, 我们可以实现这一点。
This is the world's smallest haptic interface that can recreate a sensation of touch just underneath your fingertip . 这是全球最小的触觉模拟界面, 可以在指尖下方重现触感。
underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的; fingertip:n.指尖;
We do this by moving the robogami by microscopic and macroscopic movements at the stage. 我们通过在模拟台上的 可视宏观动作 以及肉眼不可见的微小运动 来实现这一点。
microscopic:adj.微观的;用显微镜可见的; macroscopic:adj.宏观的;肉眼可见的;
And by having this, not only will you be able to feel how big the object is, the roundness and the lines, but also the stiffness and the texture . 通过这项技术, 你不仅能感受到物体的大小, 圆滑度和线条, 还能感受到物体的硬度和质感。
roundness:n.圆;球形; stiffness:n.僵硬;坚硬;不自然;顽固; texture:n.质地;纹理;结构;本质,实质;
Alex has this interface just underneath his thumb , and if he were to use this with VR goggles and hand controllers, now the virtual reality is no longer virtual. 这个人机接口在艾利克斯的拇指下, 如果再搭配使用 虚拟现实（VR）眼镜和手动控制器, 虚拟现实就不再是虚拟的,
thumb:v.翻阅;以拇指拨弄;作搭车手势;笨拙地摆弄;n.拇指; goggles:n.护目镜;风镜;游泳镜;v.瞪大眼睛看;(goggle的第三人称单数和复数) virtual reality:n.(计算机创造的)虚拟现实;
It becomes a tangible reality. 而是变成了摸得到的现实。
tangible:adj.有形的;切实的;可触摸的;n.有形资产;
The blue ball, red ball and black ball that he's looking at is no longer differentiated by colors. 艾利克斯不仅能通过颜色区分
differentiated:adj.分化型;已分化的;可区分的;v.使有差别(differentiate的过去分词);
Now it is a rubber blue ball, sponge red ball and billiard black ball. 橡皮做的蓝球,海绵做的红球 和台球触感的黑球。
rubber:n.橡胶;橡皮;v.涂橡胶于…; sponge:v.抹掉;用海绵擦拭;讨得;n.海绵;海绵状物; billiard:adj.台球的;撞球用的;n.连撞两球所得的分数;
This is now possible. 同样,这已变为可能。
Let me show you. 我为各位展示一下。
This is really the first time this is shown live in front of a public grand audience, so hopefully this works. 这是我们第一次 在这么多观众面前 做现场演示, 希望它别出岔子。
So what you see here is an atlas of anatomy and the robogami haptic interface. 你们现在看到的是人体解剖图, 以及折纸机器人的模拟界面,
atlas:n.地图集;寰椎; anatomy:n.解剖;解剖学;剖析;解析;
So, like all the other reconfigurable robots, it multitasks. 跟别的折纸机器人一样, 它是多功能的,
reconfigurable:可重构性;可重配置;可重构的;
Not only is it going to serve as a mouse, but also a haptic interface. 既能用作鼠标, 又能作为触觉界面。
So for example, we have a white background where there is no object. 比如说,鼠标所在的 空白界面中没有物体,
That means there is nothing to feel, so we can have a very, very flexible interface. 所以说我们什么也感受不到, 这个界面就会非常松。
Now, I use this as a mouse to approach skin, a muscular arm, so now let's feel his biceps , or shoulders. 现在我把它当作鼠标 放到皮肤的位置, 一个肌肉发达的手臂, 我们感受一下他的肱二头肌, 或肩膀,
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; muscular:adj.肌肉的;肌肉发达的;强健的; biceps:n.[解剖]二头肌,强健的筋肉;臂力;
So now you see how much stiffer it becomes. 现在你看,它变得比较硬。
stiffer:adj.更硬的(stiff的比较级);
Let's explore even more. 我们再换一个地方,
explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
Let's approach the ribcage . 比如肋骨,
ribcage:n.胸腔;胸廓;
And as soon as I move on top of the ribcage and between the intercostal muscles , which is softer and harder, 当我把鼠标移到肋骨 和肋间肌, 马上感觉到它变软了, 而后又变硬。
as soon as:一…就; intercostal:adj.[解剖]肋间的;间断的;叶脉间的;n.肋间部分;[船]间断构件; muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数);
I can feel the difference of the stiffness. 我能感到很明显的差别。
Take my word for it. 我说的都是真的,
So now you see, it's much stiffer in terms of the force it's giving back to my fingertip. 你们看现在摸起来很硬, 因为传到我指尖的反作用力变大了。
So I showed you the surfaces that aren't moving. 刚刚我摸的东西都是静止的,
How about if I were to approach something that moves, for example, like a beating heart? 要是我摸会动的东西又会怎样呢？ 比如说,跳动的心脏,
What would I feel? 会有什么感觉呢？
(Applause) （掌声）
This can be your beating heart. 这可以是你跳动的心。
This can actually be inside your pocket while you're shopping online. 在网购的时候, 你也可以把此装置放进口袋,
Now you'll be able to feel the difference of the sweater that you're buying, how soft it is, if it's actually cashmere or not, or the bagel that you're trying to buy, how hard it is or how crispy it is. 这样你就能触摸到 你要买的毛衣的不同质地, 感受一下它有多柔软, 感受一下它是不是纯羊毛, 还可以摸一摸你要买的百吉饼, 它有多硬,或有多脆,
cashmere:n.羊绒;开士米;开士米羊毛织品;开士米绒线; bagel:n.百吉饼(先蒸后烤的发面圈);(体育比赛中)零蛋; crispy:adj.酥脆的;易碎的;干净利落的;生气勃勃的;
This is now possible. 这一切都已成为可能。
The robotics technology is advancing to be more personalized and adaptive , to adapt to our everyday needs. 折纸机器人技术正变得 越加人性化,且更具适用性, 来应对我们各类的生活需求。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; personalized:v.在…上标明主人姓名; (personalize的过去分词和过去式) adaptive:adj.适应的,适合的;
This unique specie of reconfigurable robotics is actually the platform to provide this invisible , intuitive interface to meet our exact needs. 这种独特的 可自我重塑的机器人技术 是一个平台,可以通过 提供无形而直观的人机接口。 来满足我们确切的需求。
specie:n.硬币;铸币; invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; intuitive:adj.直觉的;凭直觉获知的;
These robots will no longer look like the characters from the movies. 这些机器人将不再 局限于电影中的形象,
Instead, they will be whatever you want them to be. 它们将成为你想要的任何东西。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）