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JamieDrummond_2012G-_让全球人民共同定义未来目标_
So let me start by taking you back, back into the mists of your memory to perhaps the most anticipated year in your life, but certainly the most anticipated year in all human history: the year 2000. Remember that? [00:15]
mists:n.迷雾(mist的复数形式);史前时代;v.使模糊(mist的单三形式);使蒙上薄雾; anticipated:adj.预期的; v.预期; (anticipate的过去式和过去分词)
Y2K, the dotcom bubble , stressing about whose party you're going to go to as the clock strikes midnight, before the champagne goes flat, and then there's that inchoate yearning [00:32]
bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情); champagne:n.香槟酒;香槟酒色; inchoate:adj.早期的;刚开始的;未充分发展的;vt.开始;vi.开始; yearning:n.向往;渴望;adj.思慕的;渴望的;v.渴望;渴求;(yearn的现在分词)
that was felt, I think, by many, that the millennium , that the year 2000, should mean more, more than just a two and some zeroes. [00:46]
millennium:n.千年期,千禧年;一千年,千年纪念;太平盛世,黄金时代;
Well, amazingly, for once, our world leaders actually lived up to that millennium moment and back in 2000 agreed to some pretty extraordinary stuff : visionary , measurable , long-term targets called the Millennium Development Goals. [00:55]
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: visionary:adj.梦想的;幻影的;n.空想家;梦想者;有眼力的人; measurable:adj.可测量的;重要的;重大的; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
Now, I'm sure you all keep a copy of the goals under your pillow , or by the bedside table , but just in case you don't, and your memory needs some jogging , the deal agreed then goes like this: developing countries promised to at least halve extreme poverty , hunger and deaths from disease , alongside some other targets, by 2015, and developed nations promised to help them get that done by dropping debts , increasing smart aid, and trade reform . [01:12]
pillow:n.枕头;v.垫;枕于…;使…靠在; bedside table:[家具]床头柜;床头桌; just in case:以防万一;作为准备; jogging:n.慢跑锻炼;v.慢跑(尤指锻炼);(偶然地)轻击;轻碰;(jog的现在分词) halve:vt.二等分;把…减半; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; debts:n.负债类,债务(debt的复数形式); reform:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;n.改革;改良;改善;
Well, we're approaching 2015, so we'd better assess , how are we doing on these goals? [01:40]
approaching:v.靠近,接近;接洽;建议;要求;(approach的现在分词) assess:vt.评定;估价;对…征税;
But we've also got to decide, do we like such global goals? [01:45]
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
Some people don't. And if we like them, we've got to decide what we want to do on these goals going forward. [01:49]
What does the world want to do together? [01:55]
We've got to decide a process by which we decide. [01:58]
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
Well, I definitely think these goals are worth building on and seeing through, and here's just a few reasons why. [02:00]
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
Incredible partnerships between the private sector , political leaders, philanthropists and amazing grassroots activists across the developing world, but also 250,000 people marched in the streets of Edinburgh outside this very building for Make Poverty History. [02:07]
Incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数) private sector:n.(国家经济的)私营部分; philanthropists:n.慈善家,博爱主义者;乐善好施的人; grassroots:adj.基层的;草根的;乡村的;n.草根;基础; Edinburgh:n.爱丁堡(英国城市名);
All together, they achieved these results: increased the number of people on anti-retrovirals , life-saving anti-AIDS drugs; nearly halved deaths from malaria; vaccinated so many that 5.4 million lives will be saved. [02:24]
anti-retrovirals:抗反转錄病毒药物; life-saving:n.救生;adj.救生的; anti-AIDS:抗艾滋病; halved:v.对半分开;均分;把…减半(halve的过去式和过去分词); vaccinated:v.给…接种疫苗;(vaccinate的过去分词和过去式)
And combined, this is going to result in two million fewer children dying every year, last year, than in the year 2000. [02:40]
That's 5,000 fewer kids dying every day, ten times you lot not dead every day, because of all of these partnerships. [02:47]
So I think this is amazing living proof of progress that more people should know about, but the challenge of communicating this kind of good news is probably the subject of a different TEDTalk. [02:56]
proof:n.证据;证实;adj.能抵御;可防护;
Anyway, for now, anyone involved in getting these results, thank you. I think this proved these goals are worth it. [03:06]
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
But there's still a lot of unfinished business. [03:12]
Still, 7.6 million children die every year of preventable , treatable diseases , and 178 million kids are malnourished to the point of stunting , a horrible term which means physical and cognitive lifelong impairment . [03:14]
preventable:adj.可预防的;可阻止的;可防止的; treatable:adj.能治疗的;好对付的;能处理的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; malnourished:adj.营养不良的;营养失调的; stunting:n.萎缩;发育障碍短小症;v.阻碍…的正常发育(stunt的ing形式); horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; impairment:n.损伤,损害;
So there's plainly a lot more to do on the goals we've got. [03:29]
plainly:adv.明白地;坦率地;平坦地;朴素地;
But then, a lot of people think there are things that should have been in the original package that weren't agreed back then that should now be included, like sustainable development targets, natural resource governance targets, access to opportunity, to knowledge, equity , fighting corruption . [03:32]
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; sustainable development:可持续发展; resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备); governance:n.管理;统治;支配; equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值; corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落;
All of this is measurable and could be in the new goals. [03:48]
But the key thing here is, what do you think should be in the new goals? [03:50]
What do you want? [03:54]
Are you annoyed that I didn't talk about gender equality or education? [03:56]
annoyed:adj.恼怒;生气;烦恼;v.使恼怒;使生气;打扰;骚扰(annoy的过去分词和过去式) gender:n.性别;
Should those be in the new package of goals? [04:01]
And quite frankly, that's a good question, but there's going to be some tough tradeoffs and choices here, so you want to hope that the process by which the world decides these new goals is going to be legitimate , right? [04:03]
tradeoffs:n.权衡;折衷;(公平)交易(等于trade-off); legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize);
Well, as we gather here in Edinburgh, technocrats appointed by the U.N. and certain governments, with the best intentions , are busying themselves designing a new package of goals, [04:14]
technocrats:n.技术专家(technocrat的复数);科技主义者; appointed:adj.(时间)指定的,约定的; v.任命; (appoint的过去分词和过去式) intentions:n.目的,意向,意图;打算;(intention的复数)
and currently they're doing that through pretty much the same old late-20th-century, top-down , elite , closed process. [04:24]
currently:adv.当前;一般地; top-down:adj.[计]自顶向下;组织管理严密的; elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物;
But, of course, since then, the Web and mobile telephony , along with ubiquitous reality TV formats have spread all around the world. [04:31]
mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; telephony:n.电话(学);电话制造; ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的;无所不在的; reality TV:n.(电视)真人秀;
So what we'd like to propose is that we use them to involve people from all around the world in an historic first: the world's first truly global poll and consultation , where everyone everywhere has an equal voice for the very first time. [04:40]
propose:v.建议;提议;求婚;打算; historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的; poll:n.投票; v.获得(票数); adj.当事人一方作成的; consultation:n.咨询;磋商;[临床]会诊;讨论会;
I mean, wouldn't it be a huge historic missed opportunity not to do this, given that we can? [04:56]
There's hundreds of billions of your aid dollars at stake , tens of millions of lives, or deaths, at stake , and, I'd argue, the security and future of you and your family is also at stake. [05:02]
stake:n.桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;v.资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌;
So, if you're with me, I'd say there's three essential steps in this crowdsourcing campaign: collecting, connecting and committing . [05:16]
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; crowdsourcing:众包;群众外包;众包模式; committing:v.做出;犯罪或错等;自杀;承诺,保证;(commit的现在分词)
So first of all , we've got to ground this campaign in core polling data. [05:25]
first of all:adv.首先; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; polling:n.投票;民意测验;v.获得(票数);对…进行民意调查;(poll的现在分词)
Let's go into every country that will let us in, ask 1,001 people what they want the new goals to be, making special efforts to reach the poorest, those without access [05:29]
to modern technology , and let's make sure that their views are at the center of the goals going forward. [05:38]
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Then, we've got to commission a baseline survey to make sure we can monitor and progress the goals going forward. The original goals didn't really have good baseline survey data, [05:44]
commission:n.委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状;vt.委任;使服役;委托制作; baseline:n.基线;底线; survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地;
and we're going to need the help of big data through all of this process to make sure we can really monitor the progress. [05:54]
And then we've got to connect with the big crowd. [06:00]
Now here, we see the role for an unprecedented coalition of social media giants and upstarts , telecoms companies, reality TV show formats, gaming companies, telecoms, all of them together in kind of their "We Are The World" moment. [06:03]
unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; coalition:n.联合;结合,合并; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; giants:n.巨人;大汉;巨兽;巨树;(giant的复数) upstarts:n.自命不凡的新上任者;狂妄自大的新手;(upstart的复数) telecoms:n.电信(telecom的复数形式);电信学;
Could they come together and help the Millennium Development Goals get rebranded into the Millennial Generation's Goals? [06:20]
rebranded:更名; Millennial:adj.一千年的;千禧年的;
And if just five percent of the five billion plus who are currently connected made a comment, and that comment turned into a commitment , we could crowdsource a force of 300 million people around the world to help see these goals through. [06:28]
commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺; crowdsource:vi.众包,众包指的是一个公司或机构把过去由员工执行的工作任务,以自由自愿的形式外包给非特定的(而且通常是大型的)大众网络的做法;
If we have this collected data, and this connected crowd, based upon our experience of campaigning and getting world leaders to commit, [06:43]
I think world leaders will commit to most of the crowdsourced recommendations . [06:50]
recommendations:n.推荐;推荐信;推荐规范(recommendation的复数形式);
But the question really is, through this process will we all have become committed ? [06:54]
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式)
And if we are, are we ready to iterate , monitor and provide feedback , make sure these promises are really delivering results? [06:59]
iterate:vt.迭代;重复;反复说;重做; feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈;
Well, there's some fantastic examples here to scale up, mostly piloted within Africa, actually. [07:06]
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
There's Open Data Kenya, which geocodes and crowdsources information about where projects are, are they delivering results. [07:12]
Often, they're not in the right place. [07:18]
And Ushahidi, which means " witness " in Swahili, which geocodes and crowdsources information in complex emergencies to help target responses . [07:20]
witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; emergencies:n.突发事件;紧急情况;(emergency的复数) responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数)
This is some of the most exciting stuff in development and democracy , where citizens on the edge of a network are helping to force open the process to make sure that the big global aid promises [07:30]
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; on the edge of:adv.几乎;濒于;在…边缘;
and vague stuff up at the top really delivers for people at a grassroots level and inverts that pyramid. [07:42]
vague:adj.模糊的;含糊的;不明确的;暧昧的; inverts:vt.使…转化; n.颠倒的事物; adj.转化的;
This openness , this forcing openness , is key, and if it wasn't entirely transparent already, [07:50]
openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真; transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的;
I should be open: I've got a completely transparent agenda . [07:56]
agenda:n.议事日程;
Long-term trends suggest that this century is going to be a tough place to live, with population increases, consumption patterns increasing, and conflict over scarce natural resources . [08:01]
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; scarce:adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;adj.缺乏的;不足的;稀少的; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
And look at the state of global politics today. [08:13]
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
Look at the Rio Earth Summit that happened just last week, or the Mexican G20, also last week. [08:16]
Summit:n.峰会;山顶;顶点;最高点;
Both, if we're honest, a bust . [08:22]
bust:n.(石或金属的)半身像; v.打破; adj.破碎;
Our world leaders, our global politics, currently can't get it done. [08:25]
They need our help. They need the cavalry , and the cavalry's not going to come from Mars. [08:29]
cavalry:n.骑兵;装甲兵;装甲部队;
It's got to come from us, and I see this process of deciding democratically in a bottom-up fashion what the world wants to work on together as one vital means by which we can crowdsource the force to really build that constituency that's going to reinvigorate global governance in the 21st century. [08:35]
democratically:adv.民主地;民主主义地; bottom-up:adj.[计]自底向上的;从细节到总体的; vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的; constituency:n.(选区的)选民;支持者;(一批)顾客; reinvigorate:vt.使再振作;使复兴;
I started in 2000. Let me finish in 2030. [08:55]
Many people made fun of a big campaign a few years ago we had called Make Poverty History. [09:00]
It was a naive thought in many people's minds, and it's true, it was just a t-shirt slogan that worked for the moment. But look. [09:06]
naive:adj.天真的,幼稚的; slogan:n.口号;标语;
The empirical condition of living under a dollar and 25 is trending down, and look where it gets to by 2030. [09:15]
empirical:adj.经验主义的,完全根据经验的;实证的; trending:n.[统计]趋势;v.伸向;趋向;(trend的现在分词)
It's getting near zero. [09:22]
Now sure, progress in China and India and poverty reduction there was key to that, but recently also in Africa, poverty rates are being reduced. [09:24]
reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图; recently:adv.最近;新近;
It will get harder as we get towards zero, as the poor will be increasingly located in post-conflict, fragile states, or maybe in middle income states where they don't really care about the marginalized . [09:32]
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式) fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词);
But I'm confident , with the right kind of political campaigning and creative and technological innovation combined working together more and more as one, [09:44]
confident:adj.自信的;确信的; creative:adj.创造性的; technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
I think we can get this and other goals done. [09:53]
Thank you. (Applause) [09:57]
(Applause) [10:00]
Chris Anderson: Jamie, here's the puzzle to me. [10:05]
puzzle:n.谜;疑问;智力游戏;不解之谜;v.迷惑;使困惑;
If there was an incident today where a hundred kids died in some tragedy or where, say, a hundred kids were kidnapped and then rescued by special forces, [10:07]
tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品; rescued:v.营救;援救;抢救;(rescue的过去分词和过去式)
I mean, it would be all over the news for a week, right? [10:17]
You just put up, just as one of your numbers there, that 5,000 -- is that the number? [10:21]
Jamie Drummond: Fewer children every day. [10:26]
CA: Five thousand fewer children dying every day. [10:28]
I mean, it dwarfs , dwarfs everything that is actually on our news agenda, and it's invisible . [10:30]
dwarfs:矮子;侏儒(dwarf的复数); invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物;
This must drive you crazy . [10:37]
drive you crazy:使你疯狂;把自己逼疯;
JD: It does, and we're having a huge debate in this country about aid levels, for example, and aid alone is not the whole solution . Nobody thinks it is. [10:39]
debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
But, you know, if people saw the results of this smart aid, [10:46]
I mean, they'd be going crazy for it. [10:51]
I wish the 250,000 people who really did march outside this very building knew these results. [10:53]
Right now they don't, and it would be great to find a way to better communicate it, because we have not. [11:00]
Creatively , we've failed to communicate this success so far. [11:05]
Creatively:adv.创造性地;有创造力地;
If those kinds of efforts just could multiply their voice and amplify it at the key moments, I know for a fact we'd get better policy . [11:09]
multiply:vt.乘; vi.乘; v.多样地; adj.多层的; amplify:vt.放大,扩大;增强;详述;vi.详述; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
The Mexican G20 need not have been a bust. [11:16]
Rio, if anyone cares about the environment, need not have been a bust, okay? [11:19]
But these conferences are going on, and I know people get skeptical and cynical about the big global summits and the promises and their never being kept, but actually, the bits that are, are making a difference, and what the politicians need is more permission from the public. [11:24]
conferences:n.会议(conference的复数形式); skeptical:adj.怀疑的;怀疑论的,不可知论的; cynical:adj.愤世嫉俗的;冷嘲的; summits:n.顶点;最高级会议;最高阶层;adj.最高级的;政府首脑的; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数)
CA: But you haven't fully worked out the Web mechanisms , etc. [11:37]
mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
by which this might happen. [11:39]
I mean, if the people here who've had experience using open platforms , you're interested to talk with them this week and try to take this forward. [11:41]
platforms:n.平台; v.把…放在台上;
JD: Absolutely . CA: All right, well I must say, if this conference led in some way to advancing that idea, that's a huge idea, and if you carry that forward, that is really awesome , so thank you. JD: I'd love your help. [11:48]
Absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
CA: Thank you, thank you. [11:59]
(Applause) [12:01]