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JacksonKatz_2012X-_这是一个男人对妇女暴力的问题_
I'm going to share with you a paradigm-shifting perspective on the issues of gender violence -- sexual assault , domestic violence, relationship abuse, sexua l har assment , sexual abuse of children. 家庭机构,经济,这些都如何影响？ 一个看待性别暴力问题的全新视角。 性侵扰,家庭暴力,男女关系暴力, 性虐待,儿童性虐待。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) gender:n.性别; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; sexual assault:性侵犯;性暴行; domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的;
That whole range of issues that I'll refer to in shorthand as "gender violence issues," 我将这一系列的问题简短称为 “性别暴力问题。”
refer:v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅; shorthand:n.速记;速记法;adj.速记法的;
they've been seen as women's issues that some good men help out with, but I have a problem with that frame and I don't accept it. 这些问题常被看作为需要男性帮助解决的女性问题, 并且我不认可它。
frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的;
I don't see these as women's issues that some good men help out with. 我不认为这是一个需要男性助阵的女性问题。
In fact, I'm going to argue that these are men's issues, first and foremost . 我认为这些本质上
first and foremost:首先;首要的是;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Now obviously, they're also women's issues, so I appreciate that, but calling gender violence a women's issue is part of the problem, for a number of reasons. 显然,这些问题也有女性的, 这我也理解, 原因如下:
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解;
The first is that it gives men an excuse not to pay attention. 首先这给了男性一个不关注的借口,对吧？
Right? A lot of men hear the term "women's issues"
and we tend to tune it out, and we think, "Hey, I'm a guy. That's for the girls," or "That's for the women." 就不以为然,觉得 “嘿,我是个男人,这些是女孩子的问题”, 或者“这些是女人的问题。”
tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐;
And a lot of men literally don't get beyond the first sentence as a result . 因此,很多男人在听到性别暴力这个词语的时候 就变得漠然了。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: as a result:结果;
It's almost like a chip in our brain is activated , and the neural pathways take our attention in a different direction when we hear the term "women's issues." 就好像我们大脑中的一个芯片被激活了, 然后神经系统把我们的注意力带到其他方向, 每当我们听到“女性问题”这个词的时候。
chip:v.削,凿;削成碎片;剥落;碎裂;n.[电子]芯片;筹码;碎片;(食物的)小片;薄片; activated:v.使活动;激活;使活化;(activate的过去式和过去分词) neural:adj.神经的;神经系统的;背的;神经中枢的; pathways:n.小路;小径(pathway的复数);
This is also true, by the way , of the word "gender," 对于“性别”这个词也是一样。
by the way:顺便说一下;
because a lot of people hear the word "gender" 因为很多人听到“性别”这个词
and they think it means "women." 他们觉得它表示“女人”。
So they think that gender issues is synonymous with women's issues. 所以他们觉得“性别问题”和“女性问题“是同义词。
synonymous:adj.同义的;同义词的;同义突变的;
There's some confusion about the term gender. 我们对”性别“这个词存在着一些误解。
confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘;
And actually, let me illustrate that confusion by way of analogy . 让我来用一个例子解释这个误解。
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实; by way of:经由;当作; analogy:n.类比;类推;类似;
So let's talk for a moment about race. 让我们来聊一下种族。
In the U.S., when we hear the word "race," 在美国,当我们听到“种族”这个词
a lot of people think that means African-American , 很多人觉得它代表非裔美国人,
African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人);
Latino , Asian-American, Native American , 拉丁美洲人,亚洲籍美国人,美洲原住民
Latino:adj.拉丁美洲的;拉丁美洲人的;n.拉丁美洲人; Native American:n.美洲土著居民;
South Asian, Pacific Islander , on and on . 南亚人,太平洋岛人,等等。
Islander:n.岛上居民; on and on:继续不停地;
A lot of people, when they hear the word "sexual orientation " 当很多人听到“性取向”这个词,
orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方;
think it means gay, lesbian , bisexual . 他们觉得这代表同性恋和双性恋。
lesbian:adj.[心理]女同性恋的;n.女同性恋者; bisexual:adj.两性的;雌雄同体的;
And a lot of people, when they hear the word "gender," 还有很多人听到“性别”这个词,
think it means women. In each case, the dominant group doesn't get paid attention to. 他们觉它代表着“女人”。
dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性;
Right? As if white people don't have some sort of racial identity or belong to some racial category or construct , as if heterosexual people don't have a sexual orientation, as if men don't have a gender. 不是吗？这就好像白人没有某种意义上的种族身份 好像属于某个种族类别或构造, 好像异性恋者没有性取向, 好像男人没有性别。
racial:adj.种族的;人种的; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; category:n.种类,分类;[数]范畴; construct:v.建造;创建;建筑;修建;n.概念;构筑物;结构体;建造物; heterosexual:adj.异性的;异性恋的;n.异性恋的人;
This is one of the ways that dominant systems maintain and reproduce themselves, which is to say the dominant group is rarely challenged to even think about its dominance , because that's one of the key characteristics 这是一种主流群体自我维持与自我繁育的方式。 也就是说主流群体很少受挑战的去思考他们的主流地位。 这就是所谓权利与特权的一个重要特点,
maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见); reproduce:v.繁殖;复制;再现;生育; rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地; dominance:n.优势;统治;支配; characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数)
of power and privilege , the ability to go unexamined , lacking introspection , in fact being rendered invisible in large measure in the discourse about issues that are primarily about us. 虽然这些都是与我们本身有关的问题。
privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免; unexamined:adj.未经检查的,未经核对的;未经权衡的; introspection:n.内省;反省; rendered:v.使成为;给予;提供;回报;递交;(render的过去分词和过去式) invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲;vi.演说;谈论;讲述;vt.说出;演奏出; primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上;
And this is amazing how this works in domestic and sexual violence, how men have been largely erased from so much of the conversation about a subject that is centrally about men. 令人吃惊的是这“自我无视”的心理 在家庭性暴力和性暴力中扮演的角色。 男人的角色变得可有可无, 虽然这明明是在一个主要关于他们的话题。
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; erased:v.清除;消除;消灭;擦掉,抹掉(erase的过去分词和过去式) centrally:adv.在中心;
And I'm going to illustrate what I'm talking about by using the old tech. 在此我将用些老手法 来解释我刚才说的话。
I'm old school on some fundamental regards. 在一些基础的问题上我是很传统的。
old school:adj.古老的;古旧的;传统的; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
I work with -- I make films -- and I work with high tech, but I'm still old school as an educator, and I want to share with you this exercise that illustrates on the sentence structure level how the way that we think, literally the way that we use language, conspires to keep our attention off of men. 虽然我会制作电影, 并且与高科技工作, 但是作为一个教育者我还是传统的, 在此我想与大家分享一个 解释句子构造上的练习。 真的就是我们思考的方式。 当我们使用语言的方式去表达时, 在我们自己不知情的情况下间接地撇开了男人的注意力。
illustrates:v.阐明;举例说明(illustrate的三单形式);给…加插图; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; conspires:vi.共谋;协力;vt.[法]密谋策划;
This is about domestic violence in particular , but you can plug in other analogues . 这特别是关于家庭暴力的问题, 但是你可以使用类似的例子。
in particular:尤其,特别; plug:n.插头;塞子;栓;v.塞住;用插头将与电源接通; analogues:类似物;
This comes from the work of the feminist linguist Julia Penelope. 这来自于著名的女权运动者和语言学家朱利亚佩内洛普。
feminist:n.男女平等主义者;adj.主张男女平等的; linguist:n.语言学家;学多种外语的人;
It starts with a very basic English sentence: "John beat Mary." 就是一个很简单的英语句子。 “约翰打了玛丽。”
basic English:n.基本英语(简化国际通用语,共有850个词语);
That's a good English sentence. 这是一个正常的英语句子。
John is the subject. Beat is the verb.
Mary is the object. Good sentence. 玛丽是对象。好句子。
Now we're going to move to the second sentence, which says the same thing in the passive voice. 让我们继续第二个句子, 基本就是同样的东西,但是是用被动式语气:
passive:adj.被动的,消极的;被动语态的;n.被动语态;
'"Mary was beaten by John." “玛丽被约翰打。”
And now a whole lot has happened in one sentence. 这句话里就发生了很大的一个变化。
We've gone from "John beat Mary" 我们从“约翰打玛丽。”
to "Mary was beaten by John." 换成“玛丽被约翰打。”
We've shifted our focus in one sentence from John to Mary, and you can see John is very close to the end of the sentence, well, close to dropping off the map of our psychic plain. 我们转移我们的注意力从约翰变成玛丽, 还有你可以注意到约翰是位于句子的尾端。 现在让我们把某些东西从我们的思想移走。
shifted:转移;移动(shift的过去式和过去分词); off the map:不重要的;不存在的;不易到达的; psychic:adj.精神的;心灵的;灵魂的;超自然的;n.灵媒;巫师;
The third sentence, John is dropped, and we have, "Mary was beaten," 第三句,把约翰移走, 我们就会有,“玛丽被打”
and now it's all about Mary. 现在就只有玛丽了。
We're not even thinking about John. It's totally focused on Mary. 我们压根都没想到约翰。将我们的注意力完全集中在玛丽上。
Over the past generation, the term we've used synonymous with "beaten" is " battered ," 在之前的年代,我们一直把“被打”这词 当作成 被虐待 。
battered:adj.破旧不堪的;受到重创的;v.连续猛击;殴打;(batter的过去分词和过去式)
so we have "Mary was battered." 然后我们就有“玛丽被虐待。”
And the final sentence in this sequence , flowing from the others, is, "Mary is a battered woman." 如此推测,最后的句子 就会演变成为 “玛丽是个被虐待的女人。”
sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列;
So now Mary's very identity -- Mary is a battered woman -- is what was done to her by John in the first instance . 现在玛丽有个很明确的身份--玛丽是个被虐待的女人-- 这是和第一句被约翰打是一样的。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
But we've demonstrated that John has long ago left the conversation. 但是我已经论证约翰很久以前已经离开句子了。
demonstrated:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;表达;(demonstrate的过去分词和过去式)
Now, those of us who work in the domestic and sexual violence field know that victim-blaming is pervasive in this realm , which is to say, blaming the person to whom something was done rather than the person who did it. 现在,那些探讨于家庭与性别暴力的人 必须知道受害者是很容易责备的, 换句话说,就是责备受害者 而不是加害人。
pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的; realm:n.领域,范围;王国;
And we say things like, why do these women go out with these men? 然后我们会问,“为什么这些女人会和这些男人约会？
Why are they attracted to these men? 为什么她们会被这些男人吸引？
Why do they keep going back? What was she wearing at that party? 为什么她们要回去？她会穿什么出席宴会？
What a stupid thing to do. Why was she drinking with that group of guys in that hotel room? 这是多么愚蠢的行为？为什么她要 和一群男人在一间酒店房间喝酒？”
This is victim blaming, and there are numerous reasons for it, but one of them is that our whole cognitive structure is set up to blame victims. This is all unconscious . 这是责备着受害者。这存在着很多个因素, 其中一个是因为我们的认知构造 是设定于责备受害者。这全都是因为潜意识。
victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者; numerous:adj.许多的,很多的; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; unconscious:adj.无意识的;失去知觉的;未发觉的;
Our whole cognitive structure is set up to ask questions about women and women's choices and what they're doing, thinking, and wearing. 我们的认知构造是设定于询问 关于女人和女人的选择和她们在做什么, 想什么,穿什么。
And I'm not going to shout down people who ask questions about women, okay? It's a legitimate thing to ask. 请搞清楚我不是在呼应人们不问 女人的问题。这问题是合理的。
shout down:大声喊叫以压倒对方; legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize);
But's let's be clear: Asking questions about Mary is not going to get us anywhere in terms of preventing violence. 但是我们要搞清楚:询问玛丽的问题 不会防范任何暴力问题。
We have to ask a different set of questions. 我们必须问几项问题。
You can see where I'm going with this, right? 你可以明白我在如何应付这问题,对吗？
The questions are not about Mary. They're about John. 问题不在于玛丽。这都是因为约翰。
The questions include things like, why does John beat Mary? 问题包括,为什么约翰会打玛丽？
Why is domestic violence still a big problem in the United States and all over the world? 为什么家庭暴力依然是严重的问题？ 在美国和全世界？
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
What's going on? Why do so many men abuse, physically, emotionally , verbally , and other ways, the women and girls, and the men and boys, that they claim to love? What's going on with men? 这世界怎么啦？为什么那么多男人施暴, 于身体上,精神上,言语上,等等。 女人和女生,男人和男生－ 他们之间的爱呢？到底男人是怎么啦？
emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地; verbally:adv.口头地,非书面地;用言辞地; claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得;
Why do so many adult men sexually abuse little girls and little boys? 为什么那么多成年男人性侵小女孩和小男孩？
sexually:adv.性,性欲
Why is that a common problem in our society and all over the world today? 为什么这是一个普通的问题？在我们的社会里 和全世界？
Why do we hear over and over again about new scandals erupting in major institutions like the Catholic Church or the Penn State football program or the Boy Scouts of America, on and on and on? 为什么？为什么我们重复的听到 新的丑闻发生在主要机构？ 例如天主教教堂或者宾夕法尼亚州立大学的橄榄球节目？ 或者美国的男童军,还有等等？
over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地; scandals:n.丑闻; v.(英)诋毁; erupting:v.爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出;突然发生;爆发;(erupt的现在分词) institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) Catholic:adj.天主教的;宽宏大量的;n.天主教徒;罗马天主教; Scouts:n.童子军,童军(scout的复数);侦察兵;v.侦察;搜索(scout的三单形式);
And then local communities all over the country and all over the world, right? We hear about it all the time. 然后在全国的本地社区 和全世界,对吗？我们时常听到这问题。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
The sexual abuse of children. 性虐待小孩子。
What's going on with men? Why do so many men rape women in our society and around the world? 男人到底怎么啦？为什么那么多男人强奸女人？ 在我们的社会和全世界？
rape:n.强奸罪;强奸案;v.强奸;强暴;
Why do so many men rape other men? 为什么那么多男人强奸男人？
What is going on with men? 男人到底怎么啦？
And then what is the role of the various institutions in our society that are helping to produce abusive men at pandemic rates? 然后不同的机构的角色是什么？ 在我们的社会不断生产施虐者的男人, 而且在很高的机率？
abusive:adj.辱骂的;滥用的;虐待的; pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病;
Because this isn't about individual perpetrators . 因为这不是肇事者个人的行为。
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; perpetrators:n.作恶者;行凶者;犯罪者;(perpetrator的复数)
That's a naive way to understanding what is a much deeper and more systematic social problem. 这是很单纯的了解一个很深入 和很有系统化的社会问题。
naive:adj.天真的,幼稚的; systematic:adj.系统的;体系的;有系统的;[图情]分类的;一贯的,惯常的;
You know, the perpetrators aren't these monsters who crawl out of the swamp and come into town and do their nasty business and then retreat into the darkness. 肇事者不是那些从沼泽爬出来的妖怪,
crawl:v.爬;匍匐行进;(昆虫)爬行;缓慢行进;n.爬泳;缓慢的速度;自由泳; swamp:v.淹没;使不堪承受;使疲于应对;使应接不暇;n.沼泽(地); nasty:adj.极差的:令人厌恶的:不友好的:n.令人不愉快的事物: retreat:v.撤退;退却;后退;退缩;n.撤退;退却;退缩;退避;
That's a very naive notion , right? 这是很单纯的想法,对吗？
notion:n.观念;信念;理解;
Perpetrators are much more normal than that, and everyday than that. 肇事者比这更正常,更普通。
So the question is, what are we doing here in our society and in the world? 现在的问题是,我们到底在这社会和世界做着什么？
What are the roles of various institutions in helping to produce abusive men? 不同的机构在生产施虐男人这个过程中的角色是什么？
What's the role of religious belief systems, the sports culture, the pornography culture, the family structure, economics, and how that intersects , and race and ethnicity and how that intersects? 信仰的角色是什么？ 运动文化,色情文化, 家庭机构,经济,这些都如何影响？ 还有种族有何影响？
religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; pornography:n.淫秽作品;色情书刊(或音像制品等) intersects:v.相交;交叉;贯穿(intersect的三单形式); ethnicity:n.种族划分;
How does all this work? 这全部是如何运作？
And then, once we start making those kinds of connections and asking those important and big questions, then we can talk about how we can be transformative , in other words, how can we do something differently? 然后,当我们开始思考这些连接性, 和问些重要的宏观问题, 我们才可以探讨如何改变。 换句话说,我们如何运作些不同的东西？
transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的;
How can we change the practices? 我们如何改掉行为？
How can we change the socialization of boys and the definitions of manhood that lead to these current outcomes ? 我们要如何改变男生们的交际？ 还有男人的定义如何造成现在的成果？
socialization:n.社会化,社会主义化; definitions:n.[数]定义(definition的复数形式); manhood:n.成年;男子;男子气概; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
These are the kind of questions that we need to be asking and the kind of work that we need to be doing, but if we're endlessly focused on what women are doing and thinking in relationships or elsewhere , we're not going to get to that piece. 这些都是我们必须问的问题 和我们必须做的工作, 但是如果我们不断的关注女人在做什么,在想什么 我们无法解决问题。
endlessly:adv.不断地;无穷尽地; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
Now, I understand that a lot of women who have been trying to speaking out about these issues, today and yesterday and for years and years, often get shouted down for their efforts. 现在,我明白很多女人 已经在尝试说出这问题, 在今天,昨天,还有很多年很多年, 但是她们的努力常常被压制。
They get called nasty names like "male-basher" 她们得了不雅的名称,如“攻击男人者”
and "man-hater," 和“憎恨男人者”
and the disgusting and offensive "feminazi." Right? 然后恶心和厌恶的女人主义,对吗？
disgusting:adj.令人不快的;令人厌恶的;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;(disgust的现在分词) offensive:n.进攻;攻势;攻击;侵犯;adj.冒犯的;得罪人的;无礼的;
And you know what all this is about? 然后你这到这是为了什么吗？
It's called kill the messenger . 这叫抹杀我们的“信使”。
messenger:n.报信者,送信者;先驱;
It's because the women who are standing up and speaking out for themselves and for other women as well as for men and boys, it's a statement to them to sit down and shut up, keep the current system in place, because we don't like it when people rock the boat . 就是因为女人抗护她们自己的时候, 在为其他女人和其他男人和小男孩说话的时候,
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; rock the boat:捣乱;破坏良好的现状;使遇到危险;
We don't like it when people challenge our power. 我们不喜欢有人对抗我们的权力。
You'd better sit down and shut up, basically . 你最好坐下来和闭嘴。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
And thank goodness that women haven't done that. 很幸运的,女人没那么做。
Thank goodness that we live in a world where there's so much women's leadership that can counteract that. 很幸运的,我们存在一个很多女人领袖
counteract:vt.抵消;中和;阻碍;
But one of the powerful roles that men can play in this work is that we can say some things that sometimes women can't say, or, better yet, we can be heard saying some things that women often can't be heard saying. 但是有一个角色我们男人可以做的, 那就是我们也可以说些什么 女人不能说的东西。 更好的是,别人可以听到我们说一些 别人不愿意听女人说的话。
Now, I appreciate that that's a problem. It's sexism . 现在,我很珍惜这个是一个问题。这是性别歧视。
sexism:n.(针对女性的)性别歧视;男性至上主义;
But it's the truth. And so one of the things that I say to men, and my colleagues and I always say this, is we need more men who have the courage and the strength 但这就是事实。然后有件事我时常对男人说, 我和我的同事常这么说, 是我们需要更多有勇气和力量的男人,
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
to start standing up and saying some of this stuff , and standing with women and not against them and pretending that somehow this is a battle between the sexes and other kinds of nonsense . 站起来说这些问题, 然后与女人并肩作战而不是对抗她们, 或当作这是个 性别之间的战斗或其他无稽的东西。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; nonsense:n.胡说;废话;adj.荒谬的;int.胡说;
We live in the world together. 我们活在同一个世界里。
And by the way, one of the things that really bothers me about some of the rhetoric against feminists and others who have built the battered women's and rape crisis movements around the world is that somehow, like I said, that they're anti-male. 然而,最令我头痛的一件事是 那些花言巧语反对女权运动。 将那些在世界各地帮助被虐女人 提倡反强奸的活动的女性 讲成好比她们在对抗男性。
bothers:n.麻烦; v.给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦); (bother的第三人称单数和复数) rhetoric:n.修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻;adj.花言巧语的; feminists:n.女权运动者(feminist的复数); crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
What about all the boys who are profoundly affected in a negative way by what some adult man is doing against their mother, themselves, their sisters? 想想看那些受负面影响的小男孩, 受年纪大的男人们对 他们的妈妈,姐姐和他们做出不良行为？
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
What about all those boys? 这些小男孩怎样呢？
What about all the young men and boys who have been traumatized by adult men's violence? 这些年轻的小男孩 受到男人暴行影响所受到的创伤呢？
traumatized:adj.心理受到创伤的;v.使受创伤(traumatize的过去式和过去分词);
You know what? The same system that produces men who abuse women produces men who abuse other men. 你知道吗？造就虐待女人的 和造就虐待男人的是同一个系统。
And if we want to talk about male victims, let's talk about male victims. 还有如果我们要谈男性受害者 －让我们谈谈男性受害者－
Most male victims of violence are the victims of other men's violence. 很多男性受害者被施暴于其他男性。
So that's something that both women and men have in common. 所以如果男性和女性有些共同点,
We are both victims of men's violence. 我们都是男性暴力下的受害者。
So we have it in our direct self-interest , not to mention the fact that most men that I know have women and girls that we care deeply about, in our families and our friendship circles and every other way. 所以我们都有各自的目的。 事实上不得不说,我们知道很多男人拥有 我们关心的女人和女孩子。 在我们的家庭,我们的朋友圈子还有其他的。
self-interest:n.私利;利己主义; not to mention:更不必说;不必提及;
So there's so many reasons why we need men to speak out . 所以有很多原因解释为什么我们需要男人提出这问题。
speak out:畅所欲言;大胆地说;大声地说;
It seems obvious saying it out loud. Doesn't it? 这看起来很明显的需要说出来。不是吗？
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
Now, the nature of the work that I do and my colleagues do in the sports culture and the U.S. military , in schools, we pioneered this approach called the bystander approach to gender violence prevention . 现在,我和我的同事正在做的是, 在传统的运动和美国军事和在学校, 我们带领着这方略名为“旁观者策略” 来防止性别暴力。
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; bystander:n.旁观者;看热闹的人; prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍;
And I just want to give you the highlights of the bystander approach, because it's a big thematic shift, although there's lots of particulars, but the heart of it is, instead of seeing men as perpetrators and women as victims, or women as perpetrators, men as victims, or any combination in there. 还有我要特别给你们提出这策略的要点, 虽然有很多详细的要点, 但这中心点是,不仅仅将男人看作施虐者, 女人是受害者, 或女人是施虐者,男人是受害者, 或者任何一个组合。
highlights:n.拔萃,集锦; v.使突出(highlight的三单形式); thematic:adj.主题的,主旋律的;题目的;语干的; combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合;
I'm using the gender binary . I know there's more than men and women, there's more than male and female . 我在用着性别两极化。我知道的我们有的不仅仅是 男人和女人。这世上不仅仅有男性和女性。
binary:adj.[数]二进制的;二元的,二态的; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
And there are women who are perpetrators, and of course there are men who are victims. 还有很多女人是施虐者, 当然还有很多男人是受虐者。
There's a whole spectrum . 这都是一系列的。
spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
But instead of seeing it in the binary fashion, we focus on all of us as what we call bystanders , and a bystander is defined as anybody who is not a perpetrator or a victim in a given situation, so in other words friends, teammates, colleagues, coworkers , family members, those of us who are not directly involved in a dyad of abuse, 但是,然而将之当作是性别两极化, 我们注重在于我们就好比称之为旁观者, 在这旁观者的意思是任何人在任何情况下, 如果不属于施虐者或被虐者, 换句话说就是朋友,队友,同事, 一起工作的,家庭成员, 甚至是不间接有关系的人们,
bystanders:n.旁观者(bystander的复数); defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确; coworkers:n.同事;合作人;(coworker的复数形式) directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) dyad:n.双;[生物]二分体;一对;[化学]二价元素;adj.二的;双的;
but we are embedded in social, family, work, school, and other peer culture relationships with people who might be in that situation. What do we do? 但是我们在社交,家庭,工作,学校 和其他同辈传统关系中与受虐者 都是有所关联的。我们能做什么？
embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式); peer:n.同辈;同龄人;身份(或地位)相同的人;(英国)贵族成员;v.仔细看;端详;
How do we speak up? How do we challenge our friends? 我们该说什么？我们如何挑战我们的朋友？
How do we support our friends? But how do we not remain silent in the face of abuse? 我们如何支持我们的朋友？我们如何能够 在暴力面前不保持沉默？
in the face of:面对;
Now, when it comes to men and male culture, the goal is to get men who are not abusive to challenge men who are. 现在,当我们面对男性的传统, 我们的目的是不暴力男人也要去 挑战那些施虐的男人。
And when I say abusive, I don't mean just men who are beating women. 还有当我说暴力倾向,我不是只说打女人的男人。
We're not just saying a man whose friend is abusing his girlfriend needs to stop the guy at the moment of attack. 我们不是只说一个男人的朋友 正在对他女友施暴然后他需 阻止他朋友的施暴行为。
abusing:v.滥用(以致危害健康);妄用;虐待;伤害;(abuse的现在分词)
That's a naive way of creating a social change. 这是很幼稚的改变社会的方法。
It's along a continuum , we're trying to get men to interrupt each other. 这是个长远的过程, 我们在尝试让男人们互相影响。
continuum:n.[数]连续统;[经]连续统一体;闭联集; interrupt:v.中断;打断;插嘴;妨碍;n.中断;
So, for example, if you're a guy and you're in a group of guys playing poker, talking, hanging out, no women present, and another guy says something sexist or degrading or harassing about women, 所以,比方说,如果你是个男人然后和一班男人在 玩扑克牌,谈天,逛街,没有女人在, 然后一些男人说一些性别歧视或贬低 或侮辱女人的话,
sexist:n.性别歧视者;男性至上主义者;adj.性别主义者的;性别歧视者的; degrading:adj.降低身份的; v.降低…身份; (degrade的现在分词) harassing:v.侵扰;骚扰;不断攻击(敌人);(harass的现在分词)
instead of laughing along or pretending you didn't hear it, we need men to say, "Hey, that's not funny. 与其加入取笑或当做没听见, 我们须要男人说:“Hey,这一点都不好笑。
You know, that could be my sister you're talking about, and could you joke about something else? 你知道吗,你可能是在说着我的姐姐妹妹, 你们可说些别的笑话吗？
Or could you talk about something else? 或你们可以说其它话题吗？
I don't appreciate that kind of talk." 我不赞成这类的话题。“
Just like if you're a white person and another white person makes a racist comment, you'd hope, I hope, that white people would interrupt that racist enactment by a fellow white person. 就好象你是白人和另外一个白人 说个种族歧视的话题,你希望,我也希望, 有个白人会打岔那个话题, 是要来自个白人。
racist:n.种族主义者;种族主义的; enactment:n.制定,颁布;通过;法令;
Just like with heterosexism , if you're a heterosexual person and you yourself don't enact harassing or abusive behaviors towards people of varying sexual orientations , 就好象你和异性恋的人一起,如果你是异性恋的人, 即使你不会对拥有不同性取向的人们 做出些骚扰或暴力行为,
heterosexism:n.(蔑视同性恋者的)异性恋主义;异性恋者对同性恋者的歧视; varying:adj.不同的;变化的;v.变化,改变(vary的现在分词); orientations:方向;[测]定向;适应;情况介绍(orientation的复数);
if you don't say something in the face of other heterosexual people doing that, then, in a sense , isn't your silence a form of consent and complicity ? 如果你不在其他异性恋说些东西时即使打断, 那么,照理来说,你的沉默是不是 代表着同意？
in a sense:在某种意义上; consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成; complicity:n.共谋;串通;共犯关系;
Well, the bystander approach is trying to give people tools to interrupt that process and to speak up and to create a peer culture climate where the abusive behavior will be seen as unacceptable , 好的,旁观者的方法是尝试给于人们一个工具 来打岔这个过程和发言, 是创造出一个 不接受暴力行为的文化。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; unacceptable:adj.不能接受(或允许、同意)的;
not just because it's illegal , but because it's wrong and unacceptable in the peer culture. 是不能被我们的文化所接受的。
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
And if we can get to the place where men who act out in sexist ways will lose status , young men and boys who act out in sexist and harassing ways towards girls and women, as well as towards other boys and men, will lose status as a result of it, guess what? 然后如果我们能够到达一个 男人做出性别歧视会失去地位的境界, 年轻男人和小男孩做出性别歧视的时候, 当他们对女人和女生, 和对其他小男生和男人骚扰的时候, 他们就会会失去地位会造成,猜猜看结果会如何？
status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份;
We'll see a radical diminution of the abuse. 我们会看到有效的缩减性别暴力行为。
radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; diminution:n.减少,降低;缩小;
Because the typical perpetrator is not sick and twisted . 因为普通的作犯者不是生病或性格扭曲,
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; twisted:adj.扭曲的; v.使弯曲,使扭曲; (twist的过去分词和过去式)
He's a normal guy in every other way. Isn't he? 在任何角度他都是个普通的男人。不是吗？
Now, among the many great things that Martin Luther King said in his short life was, "In the end, what will hurt the most is not the words of our enemies but the silence of our friends." 在马丁路德今短短的一生中所说过所有伟大的话语, 其中有一句是: “最后,最令人痛心的不是 敌人的话语 但是我们朋友的沉默。”
In the end, what will hurt the most is not the words of our enemies but the silence of our friends. 最后,最痛心的不是敌人的话语
There's been an awful lot of silence in male culture about this ongoing tragedy of men's violence against women and children, hasn't there? 现在在男人文化中已经有足够多的沉默
ongoing:n.发展; adj.持续存在的; tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;
There's been an awful lot of silence. 已经有足够的沉默了。
And all I'm saying is that we need to break that silence, and we need more men to do that. 我只想说出的是我们需要打破这个沉默, 同时我们需要更多的男人这样做。
Now, it's easier said than done , because I'm saying it now, but I'm telling you it's not easy in male culture for guys to challenge each other, which is one of the reasons why part of the paradigm shift that has to happen 说是比做的容易。 因为我现在这样说,但我可以跟你说这不容易。 要在男人的文化中去挑战其他的男人。 这也解释了, 所谓转移的发生
easier said than done:说起来容易做起来难; paradigm shift:n.范式转移(指行事或思维方式的重大变化);
is not just understanding these issues as men's issues, but they're also leadership issues for men. 不是只是要明白男人的问题, 同时也要理解这是男人的领袖问题。
Because ultimately , the responsibility for taking a stand on these issues should not fall on the shoulders of little boys or teenage boys in high school or college men. It should be on adult men with power. 因为最终的,在这些话题拥有立场 的责任不应该落在 小孩子身上,或是在高中和大学里的年轻男孩身上。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
Adult men with power are the ones we need to be holding accountable for being leaders on these issues, because when somebody speaks up in a peer culture and challenges and interrupts , he or she is being a leader, really, right? 有权力的男人是我们必须考虑的责任人, 在这个领导层面的问题上。 因为当有人要对我们的文化发言, 挑战和打岔,他或她 是在作为一个领袖,对吗?
accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的; interrupts:n.中断(interrupt的复数);v.打断(interrupt的三单形式);
But on a big scale , we need more adult men with power to start prioritizing these issues, and we haven't seen that yet, have we? 但是在于更大的事件,我们需要更多有权力的男人 开始提起这些话题, 但是我们还没有看到,对吗？
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; prioritizing:v.按重要性排列;划分优先顺序;优先处理;(prioritize的现在分词)
Now, I was at a dinner a number of years ago, and I work extensively with the U.S. military, all the services. 当我在很多年前用晚餐时, 我和美国士兵有近距离工作接触。
extensively:adv.广阔地;广大地;
And I was at this dinner and this woman said to me -- 然后我在这个晚餐然后一个女人对我说,
I think she thought she was a little clever -- she said, "So how long have you been doing sensitivity training with the Marines ?" 我觉得她自认为自己有点小聪明- 她说, “那么你已经和士兵们做了感性 练习有多久了？”
sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏; Marines:n.海军陆战队士兵;(marine的复数)
And I said, "With all due respect, 然后我说,“对全部人尊敬的,
I don't do sensitivity training with the Marines. 我对士兵不做感性练习
I run a leadership program in the Marine Corps ." 我对士兵们实行着领袖方案。”
Corps:n.兵团;(陆军)特种部队;(从事某工作或活动的)一群人;
Now, I know it's a bit pompous , my response , but it's an important distinction , because I don't believe that what we need is sensitivity training. 现在,我知道有点浮夸,我的回应, 但是这是个很大的分别,因为我不相信 我们做的是感性训练。
pompous:adj.自大的;浮夸的;华而不实的;爱炫耀的; response:n.响应;反应;回答; distinction:n.区别;区分;差别;卓越;
We need leadership training, because, for example, when a professional coach or a manager of a baseball team or a football team -- and I work extensively in that realm as well -- 我们需要的是领袖训练,因为,比方说, 当一个有经验的揽球队或足球队的教练或经理
professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员;
makes a sexist comment, makes a homophobic statement, makes a racist comment, there will be discussions on the sports blogs and in sports talk radio . 提出性别歧视的评语,或者歧视同性恋的话题, 说些种族歧视的评论,那就会有这些讨论 登播在部落格和运动频道
homophobic:adj.害怕同性恋的; blogs:n.网志;博客;v.写网志;写博客;(blog的第三人称单数和复数) talk radio:n.电台听众热线节目;
And some people will say, "Well, he needs sensitivity training." 然后有人就会说,“他需要感性训练。”
And other people will say, "Well get off it. 然后有人就会说,“不要说这些。
You know, that's political correctness run amok , and he made a stupid statement. Move on." 你知道吗,有个政治人物疯狂了, 然后他说了些傻话,继续。“
political correctness:n.政治正确性; amok:adv.狂乱地;杀人狂地;adj.杀人狂的;狂乱的;
My argument is, he doesn't need sensitivity training. 我的论点是,他不需要感性训练。
He needs leadership training, because he's being a bad leader, because in a society with gender diversity and sexual diversity -- and racial and ethnic diversity, you make those kind of comments, you're failing at your leadership. 他需要领袖训练。 因为他是个坏领袖,因为在社会中 有性别多元化,性取向多元化, 还有种族的多元化,你做出 那些评论,你的领导能力已经失败了。
diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
If we can make this point that I'm making to powerful men and women in our society at all levels of institutional authority and power, it's going to change, it's going to change the paradigm of people's thinking. 如果我们能够做出这些论点,我说这些, 是对于全部有权力的男人和女人在我们的社会中, 在各阶层的有权力人物, 这将会改变,这将会改变 人们的想法。
institutional:adj.制度的; authority:n.权威;权力;当局;
You know, for example, I work a lot in college and university athletics throughout North America . 你知道吗,比方说,我和很多 北美的学校和大学的运动员做过工作,
athletics:n.竞技;体育运动;田径运动; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; North America:n.北美洲;
We know so much about how to prevent domestic and sexual violence, right? 我们知道很多防止 家庭和性别暴力,对吗？
There's no excuse for a college or university to not have domestic and sexual violence prevention training mandated for all student athletes , coaches, administrators , as part of their educational process. 没有借口可以给学校和大学说, 不做防止家庭和性别暴力的训练 给全部运动员学生,教练,工作人员 作为他们一部分的教育系统。
mandated:adj.托管的; v.强制执行; (mandate的过去分词和过去式) athletes:n.运动员;身强体健的人(athlete的复数形式); administrators:n.[管理]管理员;完全程序(administrator的复数形式); educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
We know enough to know that we can easily do that. 我们已经知道很多,我们可以很容易的做。
But you know what's missing? The leadership. 你知道缺少什么吗？领导能力。
But it's not the leadership of student athletes. 但是这不是学生运动员的领导能力
It's the leadership of the athletic director, the president of the university, the people in charge who make decisions about resources and who make decisions about priorities in the institutional settings. 这是运动教练的领导能力, 大学会长的领导能力, 做资源决定的负责人, 和做校园决定的负责人。
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); priorities:n.优先事项;优先权;重点;(priority的复数)
That's a failure, in most cases, of men's leadership. 这是一个失败,在很多的例案,在男人的领导能力
Look at Penn State. Penn State is the mother of all teachable moments for the bystander approach. 看看宾州州立大学。 宾州州立大学是很多旁观者方法可以学习的母亲。
teachable:adj.可教的;驯良的;
You had so many situations in that realm where men in powerful positions failed to act to protect children, in this case, boys. 你会发现很多真实的情况中, 很多有权力的男人无法保护 他们的儿子,在这案子中,小男孩。
It's unbelievable , really. But when you get into it, you realize there are pressures on men. 这是很难被相信的,真的。但是当你深入了解时, 你会发觉有很多压力施于男人。
unbelievable:adj.(非正式)难以置信的;不可信的
There are constraints within peer cultures on men, which is why we need to encourage men to break through those pressures. 有些束缚发生在于男人的文化中 所以我们必须鼓励男人 去突破这些压力。
constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式); break through:突破;突围;有重要创见;
And one of the ways to do that is to say there's an awful lot of men who care deeply about these issues. 其中一个方法是说 有很多男人真的关心这些话题。
that is to say:就是;即;换言之;
I know this. I work with men, and I've been working with tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of men for many, many decades now. 我知道这。我和这些男人一起工作。 还有我已经和一万个, 十万个男人工作了很多很多年代。
It's scary, when you think about it, how many years. 其实停恐怖的,当我想想已经多少年了,
But there's so many men who care deeply about these issues, but caring deeply is not enough. 但是还有很多男人真的关心这些话题。 但是仅仅关心是不够的。
We need more men with the guts , with the courage, with the strength, with the moral integrity to break our complicit silence and challenge each other and stand with women and not against them. 我们需要有勇气的男人, 有胆量,有能力,有道德的 去破解这些沉默然后挑战他们。 然后和女人站在同一阵线,不是对抗她们。
guts:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;(gut的第三人称单数和复数) moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; integrity:n.完整;正直;诚实;廉正;
By the way, we owe it to women. 但是,我们欠女人的。
owe:v.归功于;欠(债);欠(账);欠(情)
There's no question about it. 这是无可否认的。
But we also owe it to our sons. 但我们也欠我们的孩子。
We also owe it to young men who are growing up all over the world in situations where they didn't make the choice to be a man in a culture that tells them that manhood is a certain way. 我们也欠成长中的男孩, 在世界各地的男孩,那些没有得选择的男孩, 作为一个男人在一个文化中告诉他们 男子气概是肯定的。
They didn't make the choice. 他们没得做选择。
We that have a choice have an opportunity and a responsibility to them as well. 我们有机会做这个选择。 同时我们也对他们有责任。
I hope that, going forward, men and women, working together, can begin the change and the transformation that will happen so that future generations won't have the level of tragedy that we deal with on a daily basis. 我希望,往前看,男人和女人, 一起工作,可以开始做出改变, 然后转变会发生。 然后未来的时代不会有同样的悲剧, 就好像每天在我们的生活情况下发生。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
I know we can do it. We can do better. 我知道我们可以做到。我们可以做得更好。
Thank you very much. (Applause) 谢谢。（鼓掌）