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IwanBaan_2013Z-_特殊环境里的不同寻常的房子_
Throughout my career , I've been fortunate enough to work with many of the great international architects , documenting their work and observing how their designs have the capacity to influence the cities in which they sit. 在我的职业生涯里,我非常幸运的 和很多著名的 国际建筑师一起工作过, 整理他们的工作,并观察 他们的设计是如何有能力 去影响其所在的城市。
Throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; fortunate:adj.幸运的;交好运的;吉利的; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的;v.观察;遵守(observe的现在分词); capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
I think of new cities like Dubai or ancient cities like Rome with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum, or like right here in New York with the High Line, a city which has been so much influenced by the development of this. 我想到了如迪拜一样的新城市 或者像罗马一样的老城市 拥有扎哈·哈迪德不可思议的设计——21世纪国家艺术博物馆 或者像这里,高楼林立的纽约 一个被摩天大楼的建筑 深深影响的城市。
Dubai:n.迪拜(阿拉伯联合酋长国的酋长国之一); incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; influenced:v.影响;对…起作用;支配;左右;(influence的过去分词和过去式)
But what I find really fascinating is what happens when architects and planners leave and these places become appropriated by people, like here in Chandigarh, India, the city which has been completely designed by the architect Le Corbusier. 但是我发现最吸引我的是 当这些城市的建筑师和规划者离开 人们开始使用这些地方时,城市将会发生怎样的变化 比如印度的昌迪加尔 一个完全由建筑师 勒·柯布西耶 设计的城市。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员; appropriated:v.挪用;拨款;把…据为己有;顺手牵羊(appropriate的过去式);
Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over by people in very different ways from whatever perhaps intended for, like here, where you have the people sitting in the windows of the assembly hall. 60年后的今天,这个城市已经被 居民以一种当初设计时不可设想的方式 所使用, 像这里 有人们坐在礼堂的窗户上。
intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式) assembly:n.装配;集会,集合;
But over the course of several years, 但是在这几年期间,
I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's 我在记录雷姆·库哈斯
Rem:n.[物]雷姆;
CCTV building in Beijing and the olympic stadium in the same city by the architects Herzog and de Meuron. 设计的北京CCTV大楼 和同一个城市里由赫尔佐格和德·梅隆设计的 奥运主体育场。
stadium:n.[体]露天大型体育场;[病]病期;[生]生长期;龄期;
At these large-scale construction sites in China, you see a sort of makeshift camp where workers live during the entire building process . 在这些中国的大型基建项目里, 你可以看到一种临时的帐篷营地 是工人在整个施工期间居住的地方。
large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; sites:n.网站(site的复数);遗址,举办地点;v.使...位于(site的单三形式); makeshift:n.权宜之计;凑合;临时措施;将就;adj.临时的;权宜之计的;凑合的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
As the length of the construction takes years, workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition against the sophisticated structures that they're building. 由于施工期需要多年的时间, 工人最终形成一种非常原始和简单的 非常规城市,和他们正在建设的 复杂结构的建筑并存。
rough-and-ready:赶制的;粗估;潦草的;估计; informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的; juxtaposition:n.并置,并列;毗邻; sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
Over the past seven years, I've been following my fascination with the built environment, and for those of you who know me, you would say that this obsession has led me to live out of a suitcase 365 days a year. 在过去的七年里,我一直在追随着 我对建筑环境的兴趣, 并且对你们当中了解我的人,你们会说 这种痴迷使我 一年365天提着行李生活
fascination:n.魅力;魔力;入迷; obsession:n.痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理]强迫观念; suitcase:n.[轻]手提箱;衣箱;
Being constantly on the move means that sometimes I am able to catch life's most unpredictable moments, like here in New York the day after the Sandy storm hit the city. 一直四处奔波 意味着有时我可以 抓住生活中最不可预测的时刻, 比如在纽约这里 在桑迪飓风袭击城市后的一天。
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; on the move:在活动中,在进行中;四处奔波; unpredictable:adj.不可预知的;不定的;出乎意料的;n.不可预言的事;
Just over three years ago, 正好在三年前,
I was for the first time in Caracas , Venezuela , and while flying over the city, I was just amazed by the extent to which the slums reach into every corner of the city, a place where nearly 70 percent of the population lives in slums, draped literally all over the mountains. 我第一次来到委内瑞拉的加拉加斯 当飞机飞过城市上方时,我很惊讶于 这里的贫民窟 已经遍布了城市的每个角落, 一个百分之七十的居民 生活在贫民窟里的地方, 贫民窟满山遍野的搭建着
Caracas:n.加拉加斯(委内瑞拉首都); Venezuela:n.委内瑞拉; extent:n.程度;范围;长度; slums:n.贫民,[经]贫民区(slum的复数); v.到贫民窟去; draped:adj.垂褶袖;打褶形;vt.用布帘覆盖(drape的过去式及过去分词); literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank, 在和当地的城市设计智库的谈话中,
I learned about the Torre David, a 45-story office building which sits right in the center of Caracas. 我了解到托雷·大卫 一个45层高的办公楼,坐落在 加拉加斯的中心。
The building was under construction until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy and the death of the developer in the early '90s. 这个高楼一直在施工 直到90年代初委内瑞拉经济大崩盘 并且设计者去世。
collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭; Venezuelan:adj.委内瑞拉的;委内瑞拉人的;n.委内瑞拉人; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
About eight years ago, people started moving into the abandoned tower and began to build their homes right in between every column of this unfinished tower. 大概八年前,人们开始搬进 被废弃的大楼里 并开始在这个未完工的大楼的每个间隙里 搭建他们自己的房子。
abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式) column:n.栏目,纵队;
There's only one little entrance to the entire building, and the 3,000 residents come in and out through that single door. 整座大楼只有一个小小的入口, 3000居民从这里 通过这一个门进出。
residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数)
Together, the inhabitants created public spaces and designed them to feel more like a home and less like an unfinished tower. 居住者合力建立了公共空间 并设计德使这里多一点家的感觉 少一点烂尾楼的感觉。
inhabitants:n.居民(inhabitant的复数);
In the lobby , they painted the walls and planted trees. 在大堂,他们粉刷了墙面,种植了树
lobby:n.大堂;门厅;民众接待厅;游说;v.游说(从政者或政府);
They also made a basketball court. 他们还建了一个篮球场。
But when you look up closely, you see massive holes where elevators and services would have run through . 但是当你近距离观察时, 可以看到很多的洞,这是当初设计给电梯 和其它的服务设施。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; elevators:n.电梯(elevator的复数形式);升降机; run through:n.贯通;从头到尾读一遍;排练;
Within the tower, people have come up with all sorts of solutions in response to the various needs which arise from living in an unfinished tower. 在大楼里,人们想出了 各种解决方案 以应对不同的需求 由于居住在这个烂尾楼里。
come up with:提出;想出;赶上; in response to:响应;回答;对…有反应; arise:v.出现;发生;产生;起身;
With no elevators, the tower is like a 45-story walkup. 由于没有电梯 大楼像个45层的步行高楼。
Designed in very specific ways by this group of people who haven't had any education in architecture or design. 这群没有受过任何建筑和设计培训的居民 以一种独特的方式 设计了大楼的使用。
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
And with each inhabitant finding their own unique way of coming by, this tower becomes like a living city, a place which is alive with micro-economies and small businesses. 而当每个居住者发现他们自己 独特的生活居住方式时, 这座大楼好像变成了一座居住的城市, 一个伴随着微观的经济 和小商户的地方。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
The inventive inhabitants, for instance , find opportunities in the most unexpected cases, like the adjacent parking garage , which has been reclaimed as a taxi route to shuttle the inhabitants up through the ramps in order to shorten the hike up to the apartments. 比如,这些有创造力的居住者 在最不可思议的情况下发现机遇, 比如毗邻的停车场 被重新规划为一条出租车的路线 搭载居民通过坡道 以缩短到公寓的 爬坡的距离。
inventive:adj.发明的;有发明才能的;独出心裁的; instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的; adjacent:adj.邻近的,毗连的; parking garage:n.多层停车场;立体停车场; reclaimed:adj.回收的,再生的;翻造的;v.回收利用;改造(reclaim的过去分词);开垦土地; route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送; shuttle:n.穿梭班机、公共汽车;梭;梭子;v.频繁往来;往返运送 ramps:n.[交]坡道(ramp的复数);斜坡;v.横冲直撞;敲诈勒索(ramp的三单形式); shorten:vt.缩短;减少;变短;vi.缩短;变短; hike:v.做徒步旅行; n.徒步旅行; (价格、花费等的)大幅度提高;
A walk through the tower reveals how residents have figured out how to create walls, how to make an air flow, how to create transparency , circulation throughout the tower, essentially creating a home that's completely adapted to the conditions of the site. 穿过大楼的一路上 展现了居民是如何想出 怎么搭建墙体,怎么让空气流通, 怎么让大楼更加透亮, 大楼的循环系统, 尤其是创造一个 完全适应于 周围环境的家园。
reveals:v.揭示;显示;透露;展示;(reveal的第三人称单数) transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; circulation:n.流通,传播;循环;发行量; essentially:adv.本质上;本来; adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式)
When a new inhabitant moves into the tower, they already have a roof over their head, so they just typically mark their space with a few curtains or sheets . 当一个新的居住者搬进这座大楼, 他们已经有一个可以遮盖的房顶, 所以他们通常只是使用 很小的窗帘和单子来突出他们的地方。
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; sheets:n.床单;被单;薄片,薄板;(sheet的复数)
Slowly, from found materials, walls rise, and people create a space out of any found objects or materials. 慢慢地,从现成的材料,高墙, 人们创造了一个从任何现成物体 和材料搭建的空间。
It's remarkable to see the design decisions that they're making, like when everything is made out of red bricks, some residents will cover that red brick 看到他们的设计规划决定 很让人惊叹, 例如当所有东西都是红砖建的时候, 一些居民会在红砖墙外覆盖上
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper just to make it a kind of clean finish. 另一层红砖样式的墙纸 只为了让它看上去有干净的感觉。
layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次; wallpaper:n.[建]壁纸,墙纸;vi.贴墙纸,贴壁纸;v.贴墙纸于,贴壁纸于;
The inhabitants literally built up these homes with their own hands, and this labor of love instills a great sense of pride in many families living in this tower. 这些居住者真的是 用他们的双手来搭建自己的房子,这种充满着爱的劳动 渗透出一种伟大的自豪感 充盈在很多住在这儿的家庭里。
instills:vt.徐徐滴入;逐渐灌输;
They typically make the best out of their conditions, and try to make their spaces look nice and homey , or at least up until as far as they can reach. 他们特别是要尽最大可能利用他们周围的环境 来让他们的生活空间更温馨,更有家的感觉, 或者至少做到他们能尽的最大可能。
homey:adj.舒适的;家庭似的;自在的; as far as:至于…;
Throughout the tower, you come across all kinds of services, like the barber , small factories, and every floor has a little grocery store or shop. 在大楼里,你可以找到 各种各样的服务,比如理发店, 小铺子,每层都有 小的食品杂货店和商店。
come across:偶然遇见;给人以…的印象; barber:vt.为…理发;修整;n.理发师;vi.当理发师; grocery:n.食品杂货店;食品杂货;
And you even find a church. 你甚至可以找到一个教堂。
And on the 30th floor, there is a gym where all the weights and barbells are made out of the leftover pulleys from the elevators which were never installed . 并且在30层有一个健身房 那里所有的器械和杠铃 都是由剩下的滑轮制成的 这些滑轮是从那些没有安装的电梯上拿来的。
barbells:n.杠铃; leftover:n.吃剩的食物;遗留物;adj.剩余的;吃剩的;未用完的; pulleys:n.滑轮(pulley的复数);皮带轮; installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式)
From the outside, behind this always-changing facade , you see how the fixed concrete beams provide a framework for the inhabitants to create their homes in an organic , intuitive way that responds directly to their needs. 从外面,在这个不断变化的外墙后面, 你可以看到固定的混凝土梁柱是如何 为居民提供一个房屋框架 以便让他们以一种有机而直观的方式 去搭建他们的房子 来直接应对他们的需求。
facade:n.正面;表面;外观; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖 beams:[建]梁; organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体; intuitive:adj.直觉的;凭直觉获知的; responds:v.(口头或书面)回答,回应;作出反应;响应;(respond的第三人称单数) directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria, to a community called Makoko, a slum where 150,000 people live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon . 让我们现在去看看非洲,尼日利亚, 来到一个叫马卡卡的住宅区 一个居住着15万人的贫民窟 住在仅在拉各斯湖上面几米的地方。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; Lagoon:n.[地理][水文]泻湖;环礁湖;咸水湖;
While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place, when you see it from above, there seems to be a whole grid of waterways and canals connecting each and every home. 虽然它看上去好像是一个很混乱的地方, 但当你从上往下看,那里好像存在 一个由水路和运河形成的格子网 连接着每家每户。
chaotic:adj.混沌的;混乱的,无秩序的; grid:n.网格;格子,栅格;输电网; waterways:n.水路;水道(waterway的复数);排水沟;
From the main dock , people board long wooden canoes which carry them out to their various homes and shops located in the expansive area. 从主码头,人们坐上长木做的小木舟 带他们前往在很大一片区域里的 各种房屋和商店
dock:n.码头;船坞;被告席;尾巴的骨肉部分;vt.使靠码头;剪短;vi.入船坞; wooden:adj.木制的;木头的;木头似的;死板的 canoes:n.独木舟(canoe的复数);划艇;v.乘独木舟(canoe的三单形式); located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式) expansive:adj.广阔的;扩张的;豪爽的;
When out on the water, it's clear that life has been completely adapted to this very specific way of living. 当进入水域时,很明显 生活已经完全融入 这种特殊条件下的生活方式。
Even the canoes become variety stores where ladies paddle from house to house, selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits. 甚至木筏子也变成各种各样的小店 女人们划着木舟从一家到另一家, 卖着从牙膏到新鲜水果的各种东西。
variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化; paddle:n.划桨;明轮翼;vt.拌;搅;用桨划;vi.划桨;戏水;涉水; toothpaste:n.牙膏;
Behind every window and door frame , you'll see a small child peering back at you, and while Makoko seems to be packed with people, what's more shocking is actually the amount of children pouring out of every building. 在每一扇窗户和门框背后, 你都会看到有小孩子在背后盯着你 虽然马卡卡看上去到处都是人, 但更让人吃惊的是实际上 每座房屋里面拥有的孩子的数量。
frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的; peering:n.对等互连;对等操作;互传;同级化;v.凝视(peer的现在分词);同等,比得上; pouring:v.倾倒;倾泻;连续流出;倒出;喷发;(pour的现在分词)
The population growth in Nigeria, and especially in these areas like Makoko, are painful reminders of how out of control things really are. 尼日利亚的人口增长, 尤其是在像马卡卡这样的区域, 痛苦地提醒着人们 生育失控后带来的结果。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的; reminders:n.引起回忆的事物;提醒人的事物;通知单,提示信;(reminder的复数)
In Makoko, very few systems and infrastructures exist. 在马卡卡,只有非常少的生活系统 和基础设施存在
infrastructures:n.[建]基础设施;下部构造;基本建设(infrastructure的复数);
Electricity is rigged and freshest water comes from self-built wells throughout the area. 电是被垄断的,且干净的水 来自于这片区域里自己建造的井。
Electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; rigged:v.操纵,控制;(给船只)装帆;(秘密地)安装,装配;(rig的过去分词和过去式)
This entire economic model is designed to meet a specific way of living on the water, so fishing and boat-making are common professions . 整个经济模式 是为了应对特殊的水上生活方式而设计的 所以捕鱼和造船 是普遍的职业。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; professions:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;(profession的复数)
You'll have a set of entrepreneurs who have set up businesses throughout the area, like barbershops , CD and DVD stores, movie theaters , tailors, everything is there. 这里还有一系列的商户 在这片区域建立经营着自己的生意, 比如理发店,CD和DVD商店, 电影院,裁缝铺,和其它的一切。
entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数) barbershops:n.理发店;adj.有男声合唱之和声的; theaters:n.影剧院,剧院(theater复数);
There is even a photo studio where you see the sort of aspiration to live in a real house or to be associated with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden. 这是甚至有一个照相馆 让你看到一种期望 去住在真正的大房子里或者和一个遥远的地方 产生联系,比如瑞典的旅馆。
studio:n.工作室;[广播][电视]演播室;画室;电影制片厂; aspiration:n.渴望;抱负;送气;吸气;吸引术; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) faraway:adj.遥远的;恍惚的;
On this particular evening, 在这个特别的夜晚,
I came across this live band dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits . 我遇到这个 穿着舞台表演衣服的现场演奏乐队。
coordinating:v.使协调;使相配合;搭配,协调;(coordinate的现在分词) outfits:n.全套装备; v.装备;
They were floating through the canals in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator for all of the community to enjoy. 他们在河道里漂着 坐在一个装了可发光的大船里, 让所有居民欣赏他们的演出。
generator:n.发电机;发生器;电力公司;
By nightfall , the area becomes almost pitch black, save for a small lightbulb or a fire. 深夜降临后,这片区域变得漆黑一片, 除了一些小的电灯 或者火光。
nightfall:n.黄昏;傍晚;日暮; pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇:
What originally brought me to Makoko was this project from a friend of mine, 最初使我来到马卡卡的原因 是一个我朋友的做的项目,
originally:adv.原来;起初;
Kunlé Adeyemi, who recently finished building this three-story floating school for the kids in Makoko. 昆里阿德耶米,它最近修建了 一个漂在水上的三层学校 给马卡卡这里的孩子们使用。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
With this entire village existing on the water, public space is very limited , so now that the school is finished, the ground floor is a playground for the kids, but when classes are out, the platform is just like a town square, where the fishermen mend their nets and floating shopkeepers dock their boats. 由于整个村落都在水上, 公共空间十分有限, 所以现在学校建好了, 底层就变成了孩子们的活动场所, 但是当课上完了,整个平台 就变成了一个小的城镇广场, 渔民在那里补网 划船卖东西的人们在那里停靠木船。
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) ground floor:n.底层; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; mend:v.修理;修补;缝补;织补;愈合;n.修补;好转;痊愈 shopkeepers:n.店主,老板;
Another place I'd like to share with you is the Zabbaleen in Cairo . 另一个我希望和你们分享的地方 是在开罗的扎巴林。
Cairo:开罗(埃及首都)
They're descendants of farmers who began migrating from the upper Egypt in the '40s, and today they make their living by collecting and recycling waste from homes from all over Cairo. 这里的居民是40年代 从埃及上部的地区移居过来的农民的后代, 今天他们靠着 从全开罗居民家里 收集和回收垃圾维生。
descendants:n.后裔;后代;子孙;派生物;(descendant的复数) migrating:v.迁移;迁徙;移居(migrate的现在分词); upper:adj.上面的;内陆的;n.靴面;兴奋剂; recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用;v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词);
For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages where they would move around trying to avoid the local authorities , but in the early 1980s, they settled on the Mokattam rocks just at the eastern edge of the city. 很多年来,扎巴林的居民生活在临时的村落里 他们可以随时移动 以试图回避当地政府, 但是在80年代初,他们在 摩卡塔姆山区定居下来 就在城市东边的边缘地区。
move around:v.走来走去;绕着…来回转; authorities:n.权力;威权;职权;批准;(authority的复数) settled:adj.稳定的; v.结束; (settle的过去分词和过去式) eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒;
Today, they live in this area, approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people, who live in this community of self-built multi-story houses where up to three generations live in one structure. 今天,他们生活在这片区域, 大约5万到7万人, 住在自己建的 多层房屋的社区里 三代同堂。
approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; multi-story:多层的;
While these apartments that they built for themselves appear to lack any planning or formal grid, each family specializing in a certain form of recycling means that the ground floor of each apartment is reserved for garbage-related activities and the upper floor is dedicated to living space. 虽然这些他们建给自己的公寓 看上去缺少规划或者正规的架构 但每家都擅长收一种特殊的回收方式 这意味着每个公寓的底层 被预留给进行垃圾处理相关的工作 上层是用于居住的空间。
specializing:n.专攻;v.使专门化(specialize的现在分词); reserved:adj.内向的; v.预订,预约; (reserve的过去分词和过去式) dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式)
I find it incredible to see how these piles and piles of garbage are invisible to the people who live there, like this very distinguished man who is posing 我很不可思议地看到 这些成堆成堆的垃圾是如何 能被住在这里的人们所忽视 像这个正在端坐的有威望的长者
piles:n.痔疮;痔; garbage:n.垃圾;废物; invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; distinguished:adj.尊贵的; v.区分; posing:v.造成;引起;产生;提问;摆好姿势;(pose的现在分词)
while all this garbage is sort of streaming out behind him, or like these two young men who are sitting and chatting amongst these tons of garbage. 他的后面却仿佛有大量垃圾要溢出, 或者像这两位年轻人正坐着聊天 在他们之间却有着成吨的垃圾。
amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among);
While to most of us, living amongst these piles and piles of garbage may seem totally uninhabitable , to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just a different type of normal. 虽然对我们大部分人,生活在 这些成堆成堆的垃圾中间 可能似乎无法适应, 但对那些生活在扎巴林的人来说,这只是 一种与众不同的平常。
uninhabitable:adj.不适宜居住的;
In all these places I've talked about today, what I do find fascinating is that there's really no such thing as normal, and it proves that people are able to adapt to any kind of situation. 在所有我今天说到的地方, 我发现最有意思的是 没有一种叫寻常的东西, 这证明人们有能力适应 各种生存环境。
Throughout the day, it's quite common to come across a small party taking place in the streets, just like this engagement party. 一天中,遇到一个正在街上进行的小型派对 是非常正常的。 就像这个订婚的派对
engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度;
In this tradition, the bride-to-be displays all of their belongings , which they soon bring to their new husband. 在这种传统中,准新娘 展示出她们要带给未来新丈夫的 所有个人物品
bride-to-be:n.待嫁新娘; displays:v.陈列; n.陈列; belongings:n.[经]财产,所有物;亲戚;
A gathering like this one offers such a juxtaposition where all the new stuff is displayed and all the garbage is used as props to display all their new home accessories . 像这样的物品的堆放 展示出一种东西放在一起的情形 所有新的物品被展示出来 而所有的垃圾被用作 展示他们新家所有小装饰的道具。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: displayed:v.陈列;展出;展示;显露(display的过去分词和过去式) props:n.[矿业]支柱;小道具;后盾(prop的复数);v.支撑;维持(prop的三单形式); accessories:n.附件(accessory的复数形式);辅助程序;
Like Makoko and the Torre David, throughout the Zabbaleen you'll find all the same facilities as in any typical neighborhood . 像马卡卡和托雷大卫一样, 通过扎巴林你可以发现在任何典型的社区里 都完全一样的设施。
all the same:仍然:依然:照样: facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数) neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
There are the retail shops, the cafes and the restaurants, and the community is this community of Coptic Christians, so you'll also find a church, along with the scores of religious iconographies throughout the area, and also all the everyday services like the electronic repair shops, the barbers, everything. 那里有零售店,咖啡厅 和餐厅,并且这个社区 是一个埃及基督徒社区, 所以你也会发现一个教堂, 以及大量的宗教图像 贯穿于这片区域, 还有日常的服务设施 比如电器维修点, 理发店,任何设施。
retail:vt.零售;转述;vi.零售;n.零售;adv.以零售方式;adj.零售的; cafes:n.咖啡馆(cafe的复数); Coptic:adj.科普特语的;科普特人的;n.科普特语;埃及古语; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; repair:v.修理;修补;修缮;补救;n.修理;修补;修缮;
Visiting the homes of the Zabbaleen is also full of surprises. 参观扎巴林的住家 同样充满惊喜。
While from the outside, these homes look like any other informal structure in the city, when you step inside, you are met with all manner of design decisions and interior decoration . 虽然从外面看, 这些房子看上去跟其他在城市里非常规结构的住宅没什么两样 但当你走进去, 你可以看到它所有设计的形式 和内部装饰。
interior:n.内部;内陆;内地;里面;adj.内部的;里面的; decoration:n.装饰,装潢;装饰品;奖章;
Despite having limited access to space and money, the homes in the area are designed with care and detail. 虽然空间和资金都很有限, 但这里房子的设计 都十分体贴,注重细节。
Despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
Every apartment is unique, and this individuality tells a story about each family's circumstances and values. 每个公寓都独一无二, 这种个性告诉我们一个故事 关于每家的情况和价值观念。
individuality:n.个性;个人;个人特征;个人的嗜好(通常复数); circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数)
Many of these people take their homes and interior spaces very seriously, putting a lot of work and care into the details. 他们很多人对待自己的家 和内部空间十分认真, 在细节方面 花费大量时间和精力。
The shared spaces are also treated in the same manner, where walls are decorated in faux marble patterns. 公共区域也被用同样的态度对待, 墙面由人造大理石装饰。
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) decorated:v.装饰;装潢;粉刷;点缀;装点;(decorate的过去分词和过去式) faux:adj.人造的;(法)假的; marble:n.大理石;大理石制品;弹珠;adj.大理石的;冷酷无情的;
But despite this elaborate decor, sometimes these apartments are used in very unexpected ways, like this home which caught my attention while all the mud and the grass was literally seeping out under the front door. 但是除了这些精致的装饰, 这些公寓里有时候 也会以一种与众不同的方式被使用。 比如这个吸引我注意的房子 很多泥土和杂草 从前门渗了进去。
elaborate:adj.精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的;v.精心制作;详细描述;变复杂; seeping:v.渗;渗透;(seep的现在分词)
When I was let in, it appeared that this fifth-floor apartment was being transformed into a complete animal farm, where six or seven cows stood grazing in what otherwise would be the living room . 当我进去的时候,这个五层楼的公寓好像 被完全改造成一个农场, 六七头牛站在里面吃草 而这里本来应该是客厅。
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) grazing:n.牧场;草场;v."graze"的现在分词; living room:n.客厅;起居室;
But then in the apartment across the hall from this cow shed lives a newly married couple in what locals describe as one of the nicest apartments in the area. 不过从这个牛棚穿过楼道的这个公寓 住着一对新婚的夫妻 这里被当地人形容为 当地最好的一座公寓之一。
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
The attention to this detail astonished me, and as the owner of the home so proudly led me around this apartment, from floor to ceiling, every part was decorated. 公寓里对细节的注意使我震惊, 并且当公寓的主人很自豪地 让我在这个公寓里随便走动时 从地板到屋顶,这里的每处都经过装点。
astonished:adj.吃惊的; proudly:傲慢地
But if it weren't for the strangely familiar stomach-churning odor that constantly passes through the apartment, it would be easy to forget that you are standing next to a cow shed and on top of a landfill . 但假如不是那让人无法忍受的 持续穿过公寓的 让人恶心的气味, 你会非常容易忘记 你正站在牛棚的隔壁 和垃圾清理厂的上方。
strangely:adv.奇怪地;奇妙地;不可思议地; familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; stomach-churning:adj.令人翻胃的; odor:n.气味;名声; landfill:n.垃圾填埋地;垃圾堆;
What moved me the most was that despite these seemingly inhospitable conditions, 让我感动的是除了 那些看上去不宜居的条件,
seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来; inhospitable:adj.荒凉的;冷淡的,不好客的;不适居留的;
I was welcomed with open arms into a home that was made with love, care, and unreserved passion . 我被非常热情地邀请 进入一个充满爱,关怀 和没有保留热情的家。
unreserved:adj.不隐瞒的;坦白的;无限制的;未被预订的; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
Let's move across the map to China, to an area called Shanxi, Henan and Gansu. 让我们跨越来到中国, 来到一个叫陕西,河南和甘肃的区域。
Henan:n.河南,河南省;
In a region famous for the soft, porous Loess Plateau soil, there lived until recently an estimated 40 million people in these houses underground. 一个以柔软松散的黄土高原黄沙而闻名的地区, 最新估计那里 有四千万人住在地下的房屋里。
region:n.地区;范围;部位; porous:adj.多孔渗水的;能渗透的;有气孔的; Loess:n.[地质]黄土; Plateau:n.高原; n.[地名][肯尼亚,美国]普拉托; n.(活动或进程中的)稳定阶段,停滞时期; adj.高原印第安人的; estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
These dwellings are called the yaodongs. 这种住宅称为窑洞。
dwellings:n.民居;住处(dwelling的复数);
Through this architecture by subtraction , these yaodongs are built literally inside of the soil. 通过这种往下建的建筑方式, 这些窑洞真的是建在土地下面
subtraction:n.[数]减法;减少;差集;
In these villages, you see an entirely altered landscape , and hidden behind these mounds of dirt are these square, rectangular houses which sit seven meters below the ground. 在这些村子里,你可以看到完全改变了的地貌, 而在这些土丘背后 藏着的是广场,长方形的房子 坐落在地下7米的地方。
altered:adj.改变了的:v.(使)改变,更改,改动:(alter的过去分词和过去式) landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境; mounds:n.小丘;小山岗;一堆;许多;大量;(mound的复数) dirt:n.污垢;尘土;下流话; rectangular:adj.矩形的;成直角的;
When I asked people why they were digging their houses from the ground, they simply replied that they are poor wheat and apple farmers who didn't have the money to buy materials, and this digging out was their most logical form of living. 当我问人们为什么要 地上往下挖洞建房子时, 他们只是很简单的告诉我, 他们是种小麦和苹果的穷农民,没钱 买材料,而这种挖窑洞 是他们最符合逻辑的居住方式。
logical:adj.合逻辑的,合理的;逻辑学的;
From Makoko to Zabbaleen, these communities have approached the tasks of planning, design and management of their communities and neighborhoods in ways that respond specifically to their environment and circumstances. 从马卡卡到扎巴林,这些社区 解决了规划, 设计的任务,并总结了一套管理社区 和邻里的的方法,以一种特别针对 他们的环境和实际情况的方式。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) approached:v.走近;临近;探讨;建议;(approach的过去分词和过去式) management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; specifically:adv.特别地;明确地;
Created by these very people who live, work and play in these particular spaces, these neighborhoods are intuitively designed to make the most of their circumstances. 由那些居住, 工作,生活在这种特殊空间的人们创造而成, 这些社区是由人们本能地设计 来最大利用他们的生活环境。
intuitively:adv.直观地;直觉地; make the most of:尽量利用;十分重视;
In most of these places, the government is completely absent , leaving inhabitants with no choice but to reappropriate found materials, and while these communities are highly disadvantaged , they do present examples of brilliant forms of ingenuity , and prove that indeed we have the ability to adapt to all manner of circumstances. 这些大多数地方,政府 完全没有管理,因此让居民 没有选择只能重新利用现成的材料, 虽然这些社区的环境十分恶劣, 他们却真的显示出 一种杰出的创造力, 证明我们确实有能力 适应不同的生存环境。
absent:adj.缺席的;缺少的;心不在焉的;茫然的;v.使缺席; highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; disadvantaged:adj.贫困的; n.弱势团体; v.使处于不利地位(disadvantage的过去式和过去分词); ingenuity:n.心灵手巧,独创性;精巧;精巧的装置;
What makes places like the Torre David particularly remarkable is this sort of skeleton framework where people can have a foundation where they can tap into. 让像托雷大卫这样的地方 尤其突出的就是 这种框架建筑 让人们可以有一个 能够进入改造的基础。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; skeleton:n.骨架,骨骼;纲要;骨瘦如柴的人;adj.骨骼的;骨瘦如柴的;概略的; foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立;
Now imagine what these already ingenious communities could create themselves, and how highly particular their solutions would be, if they were given the basic infrastructures that they could tap into. 设想这些已经很有创造力的社区 可以创造出什么, 而他们的解决方案将有多么特别, 假如他们拥有使他们可以进入的 基本的设施。
ingenious:adj.有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的;
Today, you see these large residential development projects which offer cookie-cutter housing solutions to massive amounts of people. 今天,你看到这些大型的房屋住宅建设工程 给大量的人 提供千篇一律的住房解决方案。
residential:adj.住宅的;与居住有关的; cookie-cutter:adj.千篇一律的;俗套的;
From China to Brazil , these projects attempt to provide as many houses as possible, but they're completely generic and simply do not work as an answer to the individual needs of the people. 从中国到巴西,这些工程试图 提供给人们尽可能多的房子, 但他们完全是大众化的, 并且简单来说不是一个 针对人们个体需求的解决方法。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的;
I would like to end with a quote from a friend of mine and a source of inspiration, 我想引用一句话来收尾 它来自于我的一个朋友和一种期望,
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
Zita Cobb, the founder of the wonderful 查塔·科巴
founder:vi.失败;沉没;倒塌;变跛;vt.破坏;使摔倒;垮掉;n.创始人;建立者;翻沙工;
Shorefast Foundation, based out of Fogo Island, Newfoundland. 出色的Shorefast基金会创始人, 总部在纽芬兰的福戈岛。
She says that "there's this plague of sameness which is killing the human joy," 她说:”这里有一种名为‘相同’的瘟疫 在杀死人类的快乐,
plague:n.瘟疫;灾祸;麻烦;讨厌的人;vt.折磨;使苦恼;使得灾祸; sameness:n.相同;千篇一律;单调;
and I couldn't agree with her more. 而我非常赞同这句话。
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （鼓掌）