返回首页

IvonneRoman_2019U-_女性警察如何让社区更安全_-
I've been a police officer in an urban city for nearly 25 years. 我在一个城市 当了将近25年的警察,
police officer:n.警官;警察;警务人员; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
That's crazy, right? 很疯狂吧？
And in that time, I've served in every rank, from police officer to police chief. 在这段时间里, 我从事了每个级别的工作, 从警员到警察局长。
A few years ago, I noticed something alarming. 几年前,我注意到了令人担忧的事情。
Starting in 2014, 从 2014 年起,
I started monitoring recruits as they cycled through police academies in the state of New Jersey, and I found that women were failing at rates between 65 and 80 percent, due to varying aspects of the physical fitness test. 我开始观察新泽西州警察学院 一轮轮新兵们的测试培训, 我发现,在基于身体 不同方面的体能测试中, 女性的失败率高达 65％ 到 80％ 。
recruits:n.新兵; v.征募; academies:n.院校(academy的复数形式);学院; varying:adj.不同的;变化的;v.变化,改变(vary的现在分词); aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数); physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; fitness:n.健康;适当;适合性;
I learned that a change in policy now required recruits to pass the fitness exam within 10 short workout sessions . 我了解到,现在政策变化后, 要求新兵在10个短期锻炼课程中 通过体能考试。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; workout:n.锻炼;练习;试验; sessions:n.会议;会期(session的复数);
This had the greatest impact on women. 这对女性新兵的影响最大。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
The change meant that recruits had about three weeks out of a five-month-long academy to pass the fitness exam. 这一变化意味着 新兵们在为期五个月的培训中, 只有三周时间通过体能考试,
academy:n.学院;研究院;学会;专科院校;
This just didn't make sense , though. 这很不合理。
make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理;
Police agencies and police recruits had made huge investments to get those recruits into the academy. 为使那些新兵进入警察学院, 警察机构和新兵都投资巨大。
agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数); investments:n.[经]投资,投资的财产;投资学;(investment的复数)
Police recruits had passed lengthy background checks, they had passed medical and psychological exams, they had quit their jobs. 警察新兵们已通过 长时间的背景调查、 通过了医学和心理检查, 并辞去了原来的工作。
lengthy:adj.漫长的,冗长的;啰唆的; psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; quit:v.离开;放弃;停止;使…解除;n.离开;[计]退出;adj.摆脱了…的;已经了结的;
And many had spent more than 2,000 dollars in fees and equipment just to get kicked out within the first three weeks? 许多人在设备和各种费用上 花了超过 2000 美元, 就为了在前三周被赶出警察学院吗？
The dire situation in New Jersey led me to examine the status of women in policing across the United States. 新泽西州女警察的严峻形势, 促使我研究了全美警察中 女性的地位。
dire:adj.可怕的;悲惨的;极端的; status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
I found that women make up less than 13 percent of police officers. 我发现女警占比不到 13％,
A number that hasn't changed much in the past 20 years. 该数字在过去 20 年并无太大变化。
And they make up just three percent of police chiefs as of 2013, the last time the data was collected. 在2013年最后一次的统计中,
We know that we can improve those rates. 我们知道我们本可以提高这些比例。
improve:v.改进;改善;
Other countries like Canada, Australia and the UK have nearly twice the amount of policewomen . 其它国家如加拿大、澳大利亚和英国, 女警比例几乎是上述数字的两倍。
policewomen:n.女警察(policewoman的复数形式);
And New Zealand is steadily marching towards their goal of recruit gender parity by 2021. 新西兰正在稳步迈向到2021年实现 警察男女数量均等的目标。
Zealand:西兰岛(丹麦最大的岛) steadily:adv.稳定地;稳固地;有规则地; gender:n.性别; parity:n.平价;同等;相等;
Other countries are actively working to increase the number of women in policing, because they know of a vast body of research evidence , spanning more than 50 years, detailing the advantages to women in policing. 其他国家也正积极努力 增加女警数量, 因为他们知道大量的, 跨度 50 多年的研究证据, 详列了女警的优势。
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; spanning:v.持续;贯穿;包括(广大地区);涵盖(多项内容);(span的现在分词) advantages:n.有利条件; v.有利于;
From that research, we know that policewomen are less likely to use force or to be accused of excessive force. 根据这项研究,我们知道, 女警察可能较少使用武力, 或较少被指责过度使用武力。
accused:v.控告;控诉;谴责;(accuse的过去分词和过去式) excessive:adj.过多的,极度的;过分的;
We know that policewomen are less likely to be named in a lawsuit or a citizen complaint . 我们也得知,女警较少被提起诉讼 或被公民投诉。
lawsuit:n.诉讼;[法]官司;诉讼案件; complaint:n.抱怨;投诉;控告;不满;
We know that the mere presence of a policewoman reduces the use of force among other officers. 我们还知道,现场即使仅有一名女警 也会减少其他警员使用武力的可能性。
mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘; presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态; policewoman:n.女警察;女警官;
And we know that policewomen are met with the same rates of force as their male counterparts , and sometimes more, and yet they're more successful in defusing violent or aggressive behavior overall . 而且我们知道,女警与男同行 面临同样概率的武力状况, 然而,整体来看, 她们在消除暴力 或攻击性行为方面更成功。
counterparts:n.(契约)副本(counterpart的复数);相对物;相对应的人; defusing:v.化解;解除;缓和(defuse的ing形式);n.拆除;消除;减压; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; aggressive:adj.侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的; overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的;
So there are vast advantages to women in policing, and we're losing them to arbitrary fitness standards . 因此,女性在警务方面有很大优势, 而我们正因为武断的 体能标准而失去她们。
arbitrary:adj.[数]任意的;武断的;专制的; standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
The problem is, the United States has nearly 18,000 police agencies -- 18,000 agencies with wildly varying fitness standards. 问题就在于, 美国有近 18000 个警察机构—— 这些机构之间的 体能标准差异很大。
wildly:adv.野生地;野蛮地;狂暴地;鲁莽地;
We know that a majority of academies rely on a masculine ideal of policing that works to decrease the number of women in policing. 我们知道,多数警察学院 崇尚男性化的治安理想, 这导致了警察中女性人数的减少。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: rely:vi.依靠;信赖; masculine:adj.男性的;阳性的;男子气概的;n.男性;阳性,阳性词; decrease:v.降低;减少;缩小;减弱;n.减少;减小量;所减少的总量;减缩位置;
These types of academies overemphasize physical strength, with much less attention spent to subjects like community policing, problem-solving and interpersonal communication skills. 这些类型的警院过分强调体力, 而对以下科目的关注要低很多, 如社区警务、问题解决、 以及人际交往技能等。
overemphasize:vt.过分强调;vi.过分强调;如何强调也不为过; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; problem-solving:adj.问题解决的;n.解决问题;找出问题的答案; interpersonal:adj.人际关系的;人际的;
This results in training that does not mirror the realities of policing. 这导致了警院培训内容 不符合警务实际状况的问题。
Physical agility is but a small component of police work. 身体敏捷只是警务工作的一小部分,
agility:n.敏捷;灵活;机敏; component:n.成分;部件;组成部分;adj.构成的;
Much of an officer's day is spent mediating interpersonal conflicts . 警员的大部分日常工作 是调解人际冲突,
mediating:调停; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
That's the reality of policing. 这就是警务工作的现况。
These are my babies. 这是我的宝宝们。
And we can reduce the disparity in policing by changing exams that produce disparate outcomes . 通过改变产生迥异结果的体能考试, 我们可减少警察中男女不公平差异。
disparity:n.不同;不一致;不等; disparate:adj.不同的;不相干的;全异的;n.无法相比的东西; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
The federal courts have stated that men and women simply are not physiologically the same for the purposes of physical fitness programs. 联邦法院指出, 就身体体能项目用途来说, 男女在生理上完全不同,
federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; physiologically:adv.生理学方面;
And that's based on science. 而且这些都有科学依据。
Respected institutions that law enforcement deeply respects, like the FBI, the US Marshals Service, the DEA and even the US military -- they rigorously test fitness programs to ensure they measure fitness without gender-disparate outcomes. 深受执法部门尊敬的机构, 如美国联邦调查局、美国法警局、 美国缉毒局,甚至美国军方 —— 他们严格测试这些体能项目,
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制; Marshals:n.执法官;司法官(marshal的复数);v.排列;安排;统帅(marshal的单三形式); military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; rigorously:adv.严厉地;残酷地; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
Why is that? 这是为什么？
Because recruiting is expensive. 因为招聘费用很高,
recruiting:v.吸收(新成员);征募(新兵);动员;(recruit的现在分词)
They want to recruit and retain qualified candidates. 他们希望招募和留住合格的候选人。
retain:v.保留;保持;持有;继续拥有; qualified:adj.有资格的; v.合格; (qualify的过去分词和过去式)
You know what else the research finds? 你知道研究还发现了什么吗？
Well-trained women are as capable as their male counterparts in overall fitness, but more importantly, in how they police. 从整体体能来看,训练有素的女性 与男性能力一样强, 但更重要的是,在如何 执行任务方面同样出色。
Well-trained:adj.训练有素的;良好训练; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
The law-enforcement community is admittedly experiencing a recruitment crisis . 不可否认的是, 执法界正在面临招募危机。
law-enforcement:执法; admittedly:adv.公认地;无可否认地;明白地; recruitment:n.补充;征募新兵; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
Yet, if they truly want to increase the number of applicants , they can. 然而,若他们真想增加 申请者人数,也可以做到。
applicants:n.申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等);(applicant的复数)
We can easily recruit more women and reap all those research benefits by training well-qualified candidates to pass validated , work-related , physiologically-based fitness exams, as required by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. 我们可以轻松的招募到更多女性, 并获得所有这些研究的福利, 只需根据《民权法案》第七章的要求, 培训完全合格的候选人, 来通过已验证的、工作相关 和基于生理条件的体能测试。
reap:vt.收获,获得;收割;vi.收割,收获; well-qualified:adj.有学识的;高素质的;充分合格; validated:v.证实;确认;使生效;批准;认可;(validate的过去分词和过去式) work-related:与工作有关的; Civil Rights:na.公民权;
We can increase the number of women, we can reduce that gender disparity, by simply changing exams that produce disparate outcomes. 我们可以增加女性的数量, 我们可以减少性别差异, 只需改变产生迥异结果的考试即可。
We have the tools. 我们有工具,
We have the research, we have the science, we have the law. 我们有研究、有科学、有法律,
This, my friends, should be a very easy fix. 朋友们,这应该是很容易解决的问题。
Thank you. 谢谢大家！
(Applause) （掌声）