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IvanKrastev_2012G-_没有信任，民主能继续存在么_
I'm afraid I'm one of those speakers you hope you're not going to meet at TED. 提前说一下 恐怕我是大家最不想在TED看到的演讲者之一
First, I don't have a mobile , so I'm on the safe side. 首先,我没有手机 所以我很安全
mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
Secondly, a political theorist who's going to talk about the crisis of democracy is probably not the most exciting topic you can think about. 其次,作为一个政治理论家 我将要跟大家探讨“民主的危机” 估计大家会觉得我的话题很枯燥
theorist:n.理论家; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
And plus, I'm not going to give you any answers. 另外,我并不打算为大家给出任何答案
I'm much more trying to add to some of the questions we're talking about. 我更喜欢留下更多的问题
And one of the things that I want to question is this very popular hope these days that transparency and openness can restore the trust in democratic institutions . 我想要质疑的 是最近很流行的一种看法 那就是——公开透明 能够恢复民主机构的信任
transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真; restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
There is one more reason for you to be suspicious about me. 我还有一点不足:
suspicious:adj.可疑的;怀疑的;多疑的;
You people, the Church of TED, are a very optimistic community . 你们这些TED的教徒都是乐观的人
optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Basically you believe in complexity , but not in ambiguity . 基本上你们都相信复杂性,而不相信模棱两可的东西
Basically:adv.主要地,基本上; complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势 ambiguity:n.含糊;不明确;暧昧;模棱两可的话;
As you have been told, I'm Bulgarian. 相信你们都已经知道我是保加利亚人
And according to the surveys , we are marked the most pessimistic people in the world. 调查显示 我们保加利亚人是世界上最悲观的
according to:根据,据说; surveys:n.调查(survey的复数); pessimistic:adj.悲观的,厌世的;悲观主义的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
The Economist magazine recently wrote an article covering one of the recent studies on happiness, and the title was "The Happy, the Unhappy and the Bulgarians." 经济学人杂志最近刊登了一篇文章 是关于最近的一次对“幸福”的研究报告 文章名称是“幸福,不幸福,以及保加利亚人”
recently:adv.最近;新近;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So now when you know what to expect, let's give you the story. 相信大家已经知道接下来会发生什么了 那么,让我们从一个故事开始吧
And this is a rainy election day in a small country -- that can be my country, but could be also your country. 这是一个小国家的大选之日,天空中飘着雨 可以是保加利亚,当然也可以是你的国家
And because of the rain until four o'clock in the afternoon, nobody went to the polling stations. 因为大雨到下午4点才停 所以4点前没有人去投票站提交选票
polling:n.投票;民意测验;v.获得(票数);对…进行民意调查;(poll的现在分词)
But then the rain stopped, people went to vote. 雨停了 人们才出门去投票
And when the votes had been counted, three-fourths of the people have voted with a blank ballot . 统计选票的时候 发现四分之三的公民投了空白的选票
three-fourths:四分之三; ballot:n.投票;投票用纸;投票总数;vi.投票;抽签决定;vt.使投票表决;拉选票;
The government and the opposition , they have been simply paralyzed . 政府及其反对者们 都慌了手脚
opposition:n.反对党;对立;在野党;对抗; paralyzed:adj.瘫痪的;麻痹的;v.使麻痹;使无力;使失去勇气(paralyze的过去分词);
Because you know what to do about the protests . 因为之前,你知道该怎么对付来抗议的人
protests:v.抗议;反对(protest的三单形式);n.抗议(protest的复数);
You know who to arrest, who to negotiate with. 你知道要逮捕谁,要跟谁谈判
negotiate:v.谈判,商议;转让;越过;
But what to do about people who are voting with a blank ballot? 但是现在,面对投了空白选票的人们,你却不知道该怎么办了！
So the government decided to have the elections once again. 所以,政府决定重新选举
And this time even a greater number, 83 percent of the people, voted with blank ballots . 但结果更离谱了 83%的公民投了空白选票
ballots:n.选举(ballot的复数);不记名票;v.投票(ballot的第三人称单数);
Basically they went to the ballot boxes to tell that they have nobody to vote for. 基本上,他们都是走到投票箱前 说自己感觉无人可选
This is the opening of a beautiful novel by Jose Saramago called "Seeing." 这是Jose Saramago一篇美丽的小说的开场白（译者注:Jose Saramago是葡萄牙小说家、诗人、记者,于1998年获得诺贝尔文学奖,擅长写寓言,对官方理论持怀疑态度） 叫做“我看到的”
novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说;
But in my view it very well captures part of the problem that we have with democracy in Europe these days. 但在我看来 这个故事很好地捕捉到了当今欧洲民主存在的问题
captures:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;争得;(capture的第三人称单数)
On one level nobody's questioning that democracy is the best form of government. 从某种程度上说 没有人质疑民主是政府最好的组成方式
Democracy is the only game in town. 民主是唯一的方式
The problem is that many people start to believe that it is not a game worth playing. 问题是很多人开始相信 民主不是值得去关注的唯一方式
For the last 30 years, political scientists have observed that there is a constant decline in electoral turnout , and the people who are least interested to vote are the people whom you expect are going to gain most out of voting. 在过去的30年,政治学家们观察到 投票选举率不断下降 那些对投票最没有兴趣的人 却是你觉得会从选举中获益最大的人
observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式); decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降; electoral:adj.选举的;选举人的; turnout:n.产量;出席者;出动;清除;[公路]岔道;
I mean the unemployed , the under-privileged. 也就是那些没有工作的、没有权势的可怜的人
unemployed:adj.失业的;下岗的;n.(集合词)失业者;
And this is a major issue . 这才是问题所在
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
Because especially now with the economic crisis, you can see that the trust in politics , that the trust in democratic institutions, was really destroyed. 因为特别是现在,随着经济危机的出现 你可以发现,人们对政治的信任 对民主机构的信任 都已经被完全摧毁了
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
According to the latest survey being done by the European Commission , 89 percent of the citizens of Europe believe that there is a growing gap between the opinion of the policy-makers and the opinion of the public. 根据欧洲委员会最新的调查 欧洲89%的公民认为 政策制定者和公众的看法存在着存在巨大的缺口
European Commission:n.欧盟委员会; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; policy-makers:决策者;
Only 18 percent of Italians and 15 percent of Greeks believe that their vote matters. 只有18%的意大利人,15%的希腊人 认为投票是重要的
Italians:n.意大利人(Italian的复数形式);
Basically people start to understand that they can change governments, but they cannot change policies . 人们都开始觉得,他们能把政府换掉 但改不了政策
policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
And the question which I want to ask is the following: 我想问的是:
How did it happen that we are living in societies which are much freer than ever before -- we have more rights, we can travel easier, we have access to more information -- 为什么,在一个如此美好的社会 一个比以前自由的社会 一个让我们有权力,让我们自由翱翔的社会 一个让我们掌握了更多信息的社会
at the same time that trust in our democratic institutions basically has collapsed ? 我们在爱这个社会的同时,却对民主机构 完全丧失信任了呢？
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式)
So basically I want to ask: 所以,我真正想问的是:
What went right and what went wrong in these 50 years when we talk about democracy? 在这50年中,我们的民主 到底什么地方是对的,什么地方做错了
And I'll start with what went right. 我们先看看正确的方面
And the first thing that went right was, of course, these five revolutions which, in my view, very much changed the way we're living and deepened our democratic experience. 在我看来,第一件正确的事 就是以下这五场革命 五场深刻改变了我们的生活方式、加深了我们对民主的认识的革命
revolutions:n.革命,转数(revolution的复数形式); deepened:v.加强,变强烈;(使)变糟,恶化,严重;(使)变深;(deepen的过去分词和过去式)
And the first was the cultural and social revolution of 1968 and 1970s, which put the individual at the center of politics. 第一场革命是1968年到1970年间的文化和社会革命 它把个人推到了政治的中心
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
It was the human rights moment. 那是属于人权的时刻
Basically this was also a major outbreak , a culture of dissent , a culture of basically non-conformism, which was not known before. 这场革命也是一次重大的突破,形成了一种多元的文化 一种不服从统一的文化 一种我们之前闻所未闻的文化
outbreak:n.(战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;vi.爆发; dissent:vi.不同意;不信奉国教;n.异议;(大写)不信奉国教;
So I do believe that even things like that are very much the children of '68 -- nevertheless that most of us had been even not born then. 所有我认为 它们当时就像68年出生的孩子 尽管我们当中的很多人那时都还没有出生
nevertheless:adv.然而,不过;虽然如此;conj.然而,不过;
But after that you have the market revolution of the 1980s. 但是在那之后,你经历了上世纪80年代的市场改革
And nevertheless that many people on the left try to hate it, the truth is that it was very much the market revolution that sent the message: "The government does not know better." ——尽管很多左翼人士都讨厌它—— 但事实上就是这次市场革命传递出这样的真理: “政府不比我们知道的更多”
And you have more choice-driven societies. 你就有了一个存在更多选择的社会
And of course, you have 1989 -- the end of Communism , the end of the Cold War. 然后,1989年,共产主义和冷战都结束了
Communism:n.共产主义;
And it was the birth of the global world. 这才是全球化的开始
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
And you have the Internet. 然后你有了因特网
And this is not the audience to which I'm going to preach to what extent the Internet empowered people. 我并不是想告诉大家 因特网在多大程度上给了我们力量
preach:v.宣扬;说教;布道;n.说教;训诫; extent:n.程度;范围;长度; empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式)
It has changed the way we are communicating and basically we are viewing politics. 但因特网改变了我们交流的方式 我们也成了审视政治的人
The very idea of political community totally has changed. 政治集团的理念也因为因特网完全改变了
And I'm going to name one more revolution, and this is the revolution in brain sciences, which totally changed the way we understand how people are making decisions. 我还要提到一个革命 一个大脑科学的革命 它颠覆了我们理解 人类决策的方式
So this is what went right. 以上就是对的事情（译者概括一下:1968年社会文化革命、1980年市场改革、1989年冷战结束、因特网的出现、大脑科学革命）
But if we're going to see what went wrong, we're going to end up with the same five revolutions. 下面是做错的事情 那就是我们要结束上面的5次革命了
Because first you have the 1960s and 1970s, cultural and social revolution, which in a certain way destroyed the idea of a collective purpose. 因为你有了1960年到1970年间的 文化和社会革命 以一种特定的方式摧毁了集体目标的理念
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
The very idea, all these collective nouns that we have been taught about -- nation, class, family. 而那个理念,包括我们所学过的所有的关于集体的名词 民族、阶级、家族——都消失了
nouns:名词(noun的复数)
We start to like divorcing, if we're married at all. 我们开始喜欢离婚,当然,如果我们还愿意结婚的话
All this was very much under attack. 所有这些都开始受到攻击
And it is so difficult to engage people in politics when they believe that what really matters is where they personally stand. 所以当人们都只是一味地相信 真正重要的是自己 那么我们再想鼓励他们参与政治就很难了
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言;
And you have the market revolution of the 1980s and the huge increase of inequality in societies. 然后你有80年代的市场改革 这加剧了社会的不平等
Remember, until the 1970s, the spread of democracy has always been accompanied by the decline of inequality. 要知道,到1970年为止 民主的延伸,总是伴随着 不平等性的下降
accompanied:v.陪同;陪伴;与…同时发生;为…伴奏;(accompany的过去式和过去分词)
The more democratic our societies have been, the more equal they have been becoming. 之前的状况是,社会越民主 社会也就越平等
Now we have the reverse tendency . 现在却反过来了
reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的; tendency:n.倾向,趋势;癖好;
The spread of democracy now is very much accompanied by the increase in inequality. 如今,民主的延伸 总是造成更多的不平等
And I find this very much disturbing when we're talking about what's going on right and wrong with democracy these days. 现在,每当我跟别人讨论 我们的民主什么是对的,什么是错的 我都为此觉得很无力
disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词)
And if you go to 1989 -- something that basically you don't expect that anybody's going to criticize -- but many are going to tell you, "Listen, it was the end of the Cold War that tore the social contract between the elites and the people in Western Europe." 到了1989年 有些事情,你一般都认为是无可指责的正确的事情 实际上,很多人会告诉你: ”正是冷战的结束撕毁了西欧在精英阶层和大众阶层之间的社会契约“
criticize:v.批评;批判;挑剔;指责;评论;评价; social contract:n.社会契约; elites:n.精英(elite的复数);
When the Soviet Union was still there, the rich and the powerful, they needed the people, because they feared them. 苏维埃存在的时候 富人和权贵是需要民众的 因为他们惧怕苏维埃政权
Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人;
Now the elites basically have been liberated . 现在,那些上层人士彻底解放了
liberated:adj.不受传统思想束缚的,开放的; v.解放; (liberate的过去式和过去分词)
They're very mobile. You cannot tax them. 他们可以随处流动,你无法正常对他们征税了
And basically they don't fear the people. 他们也不怕民众了
So as a result of it, you have this very strange situation in which the elites basically got out of the control of the voters. 结果,你会发现一个奇怪的现象 上层人士都摆脱了投票的控制
as a result:结果;
So this is not by accident that the voters are not interested to vote anymore. 这不是偶然的 投票者也不再热衷于投票了
And when we talk about the Internet, yes, it's true, the Internet connected all of us, but we also know that the Internet created these echo chambers and political ghettos in which for all your life you can stay with the political community you belong to. 关于因特网 没错,它连接了世界 但是我们也知道,因特网创造了回音室,创造了政治贫民区 在那里,你终生都要与你属于的政党站在一起
echo:vt.反射;重复;vi.随声附和;发出回声;n.回音;效仿; chambers:n.内庭(chamber的复数); ghettos:n.犹太社区(ghetto复数);
And it's becoming more and more difficult to understand the people who are not like you. 你就会发现,理解与你不同的人群 会越来越困难
I know that many people here have been splendidly speaking about the digital world and the possibility for cooperation , but [have you] seen what the digital world has done to American politics these days? 我知道这里的很多人 都喜欢讨论数字化的世界和合作的可能性 但是你是否看到这些年数字化世界对美国政治造成的影响？
splendidly:adv.华丽地;豪华地;壮观地; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; cooperation:n.合作;配合;
This is also partly a result of the Internet revolution. 这其中有一部分就是因特网革命造成的
This is the other side of the things that we like. 这就是所谓的”一个硬币有两面“
And when you go to the brain sciences, what political consultants learned from the brain scientists is don't talk to me about ideas anymore, don't talk to me about policy programs. 然后你再看看大脑科学 政治顾问们从科学家那里学到的 就是不要再跟我讨论思想 不要再跟我讨论政策的制定程序
consultants:n.[经]顾问;咨询顾问;咨询公司;咨询人员(consultant的复数);
What really matters is basically to manipulate the emotions of the people. 对他们来说,什么能真正操控人们的情绪,什么就是真正重要的
manipulate:vt.操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
And you have this very strongly to the extent that, even if you see when we talk about revolutions these days, these revolutions are not named anymore around ideologies or ideas. 你还可以强烈地感觉到 今天在某种程度上,即使你看到我们大家在讨论革命 这些革命都不再根据某种意识形态或者思想被命名
ideologies:意识形态;
Before, revolutions used to have ideological names. 以前,革命都是有意识形态上的名称的
ideological:adj.思想的;意识形态的;
They could be communist , they could be liberal , they could be fascist or Islamic . 它们可以是共产主义的,可以是自由主义的 可以是法西斯主义或者伊斯兰主义的
communist:n.共产党员;共产主义者;adj.共产主义的; liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人; fascist:n.法西斯主义者;法西斯党员;adj.法西斯主义的,法西斯党的; Islamic:adj.穆斯林的;
Now the revolutions are called under the medium which is most used. 现状,它们却被根据媒介来命名
medium:n.(传播信息的)媒介;手段;工具;方法;adj.中等的;中号的;
You have Facebook revolutions, Twitter revolutions. 你看到了Facebook革命,Twitter革命
The content doesn't matter anymore, the problem is the media . 内容不再重要,问题是媒介是谁
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
I'm saying this because one of my major points is what went right is also what went wrong. 我这么说是因为我的主要观点之一就是 那些正确的也可以变成错的
And when we're now trying to see how we can change the situation, when basically we're trying to see what can be done about democracy, we should keep this ambiguity in mind. 当我们现在试图去发现我们能如何改变现状的时候 当我们试图去发现我们能为民主做些什么的时候 我们必须接受一些模棱两可的东西
Because probably some of the things that we love most are going to be also the things that can hurt us most. 因为可能那些我们最喜爱的 将会成为伤我们最深的
These days it's very popular to believe that this push for transparency, this kind of a combination between active citizens, new technologies and much more transparency-friendly legislation can restore trust in politics. 如今很流行的观点是 大家喜欢透明 所以积极的公民、新的科技、更透明的立法 被联合起来使用 来恢复大家对政治的信任
combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); legislation:n.立法;法律;
You believe that when you have these new technologies and people who are ready to use this, it can make it much more difficult for the governments to lie, it's going to be more difficult for them to steal and probably even going to be more difficult for them to kill. 你坚信,当你有了新科技和喜欢使用新科技的公民 可以更好地防止政府作假 政府想要偷取什么、杀害谁 都会因此而变得更困难
This is probably true. 也许你是对的
But I do believe that we should be also very clear that now when we put the transparency at the center of politics where the message is that transparency is stupid. 但我认为,我们应当清楚 是我们把透明推到政治的中心 而政治总是讨厌透明的
Transparency is not about restoring trust in institutions. 所以透明并没有恢复信任
restoring:adj.恢复的;v.恢复,重建;正在恢复;(restore的现在分词);
Transparency is politics' management of mistrust . 透明只是在政治上管理”不信任 的一种手段而已
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; mistrust:vt.猜疑;不信任;n.猜疑;疑虑;不信任
We are assuming that our societies are going to be based on mistrust. 我们这纯粹只是在假设我们的社会将基于“不信任”而被建立起来
assuming:conj.假设…为真; adj.傲慢的; v.假定; (assume的现在分词)
And by the way , mistrust was always very important for democracy. 顺便说一句,“不信任”对民主来说总是非常重要的
by the way:顺便说一下;
This is why you have checks and balances . 这也是为什么我们有了分权制度
checks and balances:n.制约与平衡(为保持机构或政体内的公正并防止权力集中于小团体);
This is why basically you have all this creative mistrust between the representatives and those whom they represent. 为什么我们有了这些创造出来的“不信任” 有了这些在代表（指政府）和那些他们所代表的人（指大众）之间的“不信任”
creative:adj.创造性的; representatives:n.代表;众议院(representative的复数形式);
But when politics is only management of mistrust, then -- I'm very glad that "1984" has been mentioned -- now we're going to have "1984" in reverse. 但是,当政治仅仅作为管理“不信任”的方式而存在时 那么——我很高兴《1984》提起过这个——（译者注:1984是乔治·奥威尔的小说,是反乌托邦的三大小说之一,主题为反对极权主义） 我们就会退回到“1984”
It's not going to be the Big Brother watching you, it's going to be we being the Big Brother watching the political class. 它不会变成“娱乐老大哥秀”（译者注:Big Brother is watching you是全方位时刻观察游戏者的竞赛节目,语出《1984》） 而我们将变成那个时刻观察别人的Big Brother 我们将始终盯着政治阶层
But is this the idea of a free society? 这是自由社会的理念么？
For example, can you imagine that decent , civic , talented people are going to run for office if they really do believe that politics is also about managing mistrust? 例如,请你想象一下 当优秀的公民要参与竞选 如果他们真的认为 政治也是要管理“不信任”的
decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的; civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的;
Are you not afraid with all these technologies that are going to track down any statement the politicians are going to make on certain issues , are you not afraid that this is going to be a very strong signal to politicians 你就不对那些科技感到害怕么？ 这些科技 将会追踪政治家们对特定问题的所有看法 由于对政治家来说,自己观点的一致性要比常识重要
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
to repeat their positions, even the very wrong positions, because consistency is going to be more important than common sense ? 所以即使错了,他们也要坚持重复自己的观点 对于这样不理性的政治,你不感到恐惧么？
consistency:n.[计]一致性;稠度;相容性; common sense:adj.常识的;有生活经验得来的;
And the Americans who are in the room, are you not afraid that your presidents are going to govern on the basis of what they said in the primary elections? 此刻坐在这间房子里的美国人 你们难道就不害怕你们的总统 永远按照自己在竞选预选时所说的话那样来管理你们么
on the basis of:根据;基于…;
I find this extremely important, because democracy is about people changing their views based on rational arguments and discussions. 我之所以觉得这点极为重要 是因为民主就是要公民不断改变观点 根据理性的讨论来做出选择
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; rational:n.理性;人类;合理的事物;[数]有理数;adj.合理的;理性的;明智的;理智的;
And we can lose this with the very noble idea to keep people accountable for showing the people that we're not going to tolerate politicians the opportunism in politics. 但是如果我们放弃了这样（公民要根据理性改变观点）的想法 政治就成了作秀 变成仅仅为了告诉公民们,我们不会 容忍政治家们在政治中的机会主义（译者注:此处的机会主义是指政治家冒险去破坏自己观点的一致性而逃避大众监督）
noble:adj.高尚的;贵族的;惰性的;宏伟的;n.贵族; accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的; tolerate:v.容忍;忍受;容许;包容; opportunism:n.机会主义;投机主义;
So for me this is extremely important. 所以对我来说,这点至关重要
And I do believe that when we're discussing politics these days, probably it makes sense to look also at this type of a story. 我确实相信,如今当我们谈论政治时 也许想想这样的故事 是很合乎逻辑的
But also don't forget, any unveiling is also veiling. 但请不要忘了,任何的揭露,同时也是一种掩饰
unveiling:n.揭幕;计划公布;v.为…揭幕;(首次)展示,介绍;(unveil的现在分词)
[Regardless of] how transparent our governments want to be, they're going to be selectively transparent. 不管我们的政府多想要公开透明 他们也只是想要有选择地公开透明
transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; selectively:adv.有选择地;
In a small country that could be my country, but could be also your country, they took a decision -- it is a real case story -- that all of the governmental decisions, discussions of the council of ministers , were going to be published on the Internet 24 hours after the council discussions took place. 在一个小国家里,比如保加利亚 当然也可能是你的国家 他们要求——这是个真实的故事—— 所有的政府决策 所有的内阁讨论 都要在讨论结束一天后 公布在因特网上供大家监督
governmental:adj.政府的;政治的;统治上的; council:n.(市、郡等的)政务委员会;市政(或地方管理)服务机构; ministers:n.部长,大臣; v.辅助; (minister的第三人称单数和复数)
And the public was extremely all for it. 公众欢呼雀跃
So I had the opportunity to talk to the prime minister , why he made this decision. 所以当我有机会与首相交流 我就问他为什么决定如此公开
prime minister:n.首相;总理;
He said, "Listen, this is the best way to keep the mouths of my ministers closed. 首相说,听着,只有这样 才能让议员们都闭嘴
Because it's going to be very difficult for them to dissent knowing that 24 hours after this is going to be on the public space, and this is in a certain way going to be a political crisis." 因为当他们知道24小时之后 所有讨论都要公开 他们就必须尽快取得一致了 否则就会出现政治危机
So when we talk about transparency, when we talk about openness, 所以,当我们讨论透明 当我们讨论公开
I really do believe that what we should keep in mind is that what went right is what went wrong. 我真的认为我们必须牢记 正确的同时就是错误的
keep in mind:记住;
And this is Goethe, who is neither Bulgarian nor a political scientist , some centuries ago he said, "There is a big shadow where there is much light." 歌德,既不是保加利亚人,也不是政治学家 数个世纪前说过 “光线越充足的地方,阴影就越大”
political scientist:n.政治学家;
Thank you very much. 谢谢大家
(Applause) （掌声）