返回首页

ItamarMann_2020F-_捍卫移民人权的新方式_-
[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE] 【塑造我们的未来】
A decade ago, after a peaceful revolution toppled the longtime Tunisian dictator Ben Ali, 十年前,一场和平的革命 推翻了突尼斯长年独裁者 本 · 阿里（Ben Ali）后,
I was sitting in an orange grove outside of Athens, Greece. 我正坐在希腊雅典郊外的一片橘林里。
Undocumented migrants were hiding there. 未登记的非法移民们正藏在那里。
I came to interview them about human rights abuses they had suffered while entering Europe. 我采访了他们, 来了解他们进入欧洲时 遭受的人权侵犯。
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环; toppled:v.倾倒;倒塌;摇摇欲坠; longtime:adj.长时间的;为时甚久的;adv.长久地; dictator:n.独裁者;命令者; grove:n.小树林;果园; Undocumented:adj.无事实证明的;无正式文件的; migrants:n.移民;移居者;候鸟(migrant的复数形式); interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈; abuses:v.滥用;虐待;辱骂(abuse的三单形式);n.滥用;虐待;暴行(abuse的复数);
One of them, a Tunisian fellow in a leather jacket, explained. 其中一个穿着皮夹克的 突尼斯男人解释到:
The people who overthrew Ben Ali, they want democracy and a dignified life. 那些人们推翻本 · 阿里 是因为他们想要 一个民主的、有尊严的生活。
“We, who have crossed the Mediterranean , want democracy and a dignified life.” “我们不远千里穿过地中海, 只是想要一个民主的、有尊严的生活。”
leather:n.皮革;皮革制品;v.用皮革包盖;抽打;adj.皮的;皮革制的; overthrew:v.推翻(overthrow的过去式); democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; dignified:adj.端庄的; v.使有尊严; (dignify的过去分词和过去式) Mediterranean:n.地中海;adj.地中海的;
What is the difference? 有何不同？
The migrant is a kind of revolutionary . 这些移民也是一类革命者。
This idea stuck with me and informed my work as a lawyer and a scholar ever since. 这个问题从此一直伴随着我 并对我以律师和学者身份 进行的工作带来了很大影响。
As Middle Eastern revolutions turned into civil wars, the refugee crisis unfolded in the Mediterranean. 当中东革命转变成内战后, 难民危机在地中海蔓延。
revolutionary:adj.革命性的;革命的;彻底变革的;n.改革者;革命者; informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式) scholar:n.学者;奖学金获得者;聪颖勤奋的学生; Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; revolutions:n.革命,转数(revolution的复数形式); civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; unfolded:v.(使)展开;打开;展示;透露;(unfold的过去分词和过去式)
This exacerbated political pressures against asylum seekers . 这加重了针对寻求庇护者的 政治压力。
Initially , the European Court of Human Rights took a strong stand against border violence . 最初,欧洲人权法院 强力反对边境暴力。
In 2012, the court decided that Italy cannot turn asylum seekers back from the Mediterranean to dangerous Libyan territory , without first hearing them. 在 2012 年,法院裁决 在未了解寻求庇护者的情况下, 意大利不能将他们 从地中海 遣送回危险的利比亚领土。
exacerbated:vt.加重(病情,痛苦等);使…恶化;激怒(exacerbate的过去式); asylum:n.庇护;收容所,救济院; seekers:n.探求者;搜查人; Initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; stand against:vt.反对;抵抗; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; Libyan:adj.利比亚的;利比亚人的;n.利比亚人;古代利比亚语; territory:n.领土,领域;范围;地域;版图;
The human rights community cheered. 人权社群为此高声欢呼,
I was not one of those who cheered. 而我却不在其中。
In my scholarship , 在我的学术研究中,
I predicted that this kind of decision could also generate bad results. 我预测这项裁决 可能也会导致不好的结果。
States determined to enforce their own borders could turn back asylum seekers even before they enter the supervision of their own courts. 各国下定决心巩固边防, 以此期盼避难者调转目的地, 甚至是在避难者 进入本国法院的监督之前。[01:29]
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; scholarship:n.奖学金;学问;学识;学术成就; predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式) generate:v.产生;引起; determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式) enforce:v.强制执行;强迫;迫使; turn back:往回走;阻挡;翻回到; supervision:n.监督,管理;
I was regretfully correct. 很遗憾,我是对的。
In recent years, the Italians have relied on Libyan militias to do their dirty work . 最近几年,意大利政府依靠利比亚民兵 在做一些见不得人的工作。
So eager are some European governments to ditch their own human rights obligations , they've equipped and armed Libyan militia, ignoring their rampant use of torture . 一些欧洲政府很急切地 想要卸下他们自己的人权工作义务, 所以他们为利比亚民兵 配备装备与武器, 而忽视了他们对酷刑的滥用。
regretfully:adv.懊悔地,遗憾地;抱歉地; Italians:n.意大利人(Italian的复数形式); relied:v.依赖;依靠;信赖;信任;(rely的过去分词和过去式) militias:n.民兵;国民军;义勇军(militia的复数); do their dirty work:捣鬼; ditch:v.在…上掘沟;把…开入沟里;丢弃;n.沟渠;壕沟; obligations:n.[法]义务;债务;承付款项(obligation的复数); ignoring:v.忽略,忽视;(ignore的现在分词); rampant:adj.猖獗的;蔓延的;狂暴的;奔放的; torture:v.折磨;拷问;歪曲;n.折磨;拷问;歪曲;
This is also why, since January 2014, more than 34,000 migrants have died by drowning in the Mediterranean. 这也是为什么 自 2014 年 1 月,至少有 3.4 万难民 在地中海中溺水身亡。
And since COVID-19 began, the militarized border in the Mediterranean has become in some ways even more extreme . 另外,在新冠疫情开始之后, 地中海的武装边境线 在某种程度上变得更加极端。
But how does the militarized border cause deaths by drowning? 但是这些武装边境线 是怎么造成这些溺亡的呢？
drowning:v.溺水;淹没;淹死,溺死;浸泡;(drown的现在分词) militarized:adj.军事化的; v.军队化,军国化,鼓吹军国主义(militarize的过去式和过去分词形式); extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物;
I'd like to illustrate by a reference to a case I'm currently working on. 我想用一个我手头上的案子 来详细说明。
On November 6, 2017, a group of asylum seekers left the Libyan coast and traveled through the Mediterranean, hoping to reach Europe. 2017 年 11 月 6 日, 一群寻求庇护者离开了利比亚海岸线, 渡过地中海,希望抵达欧洲。
As the overcrowded boat started to break down, they sent a distress signal, and under international law, states are obligated to facilitate the rescue of vessels in distress. 在这艘超载的船快要沉没的时候, 他们发送了一个求救信号。 根据国际法, 各国有责任 对船只的求救信号伸以援手。
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实; reference:n.参考,提及;参考书目;证明书;v.引用; currently:adv.当前;一般地; overcrowded:adj.过度拥挤的;v.拥挤(overcrowd的过去分词); distress:n.危难,不幸;贫困;悲痛;v.使悲痛;使贫困; obligated:adj.有义务的,有责任的,必须的; v.使负有义务; (obligate的过去式和过去分词) facilitate:vt.促进;帮助;使容易; rescue:n.救援;抢救;营救;获救;v.抢救;营救;援救; vessels:n.血管(vessel的复数);船舶;容器;
Now, a strange confrontation followed. 现在,一场奇怪的对抗出现了。
Two vessels, not one, came to pick up the asylum seekers in distress. 不止一艘,有两艘船只 前去营救那些遇险的避难者。
One of them was sailing under a European flag, its crew in civilian clothing. 其中一艘船悬挂着欧盟的旗帜, 上面的船员穿着普通的便装。
The other was a Libyan vessel with its crew armed and in the very uniform of the government that these people had fled . 另外一艘是利比亚的船, 船上是一群穿着政府制服的武装船员, 让这群避难者一看就逃跑了。
confrontation:n.对抗;面对;对质; civilian:adj.民用的;百姓的,平民的;n.平民,百姓; uniform:adj.统一的;一致的;相同的;始终如一的;n.制服;v.使穿制服;使成一样; fled:v.迅速离开;逃避,逃跑;(flee的过去分词和过去式)
For the asylum seekers, the choice was clear. 对这些寻求庇护者来说, 最终选择显而易见。
Many jumped into the water, determined at all costs not to let the Libyans pick them up. 很多人怀着 绝对不能被利比亚政府抓住的决心,跳进了海里。
Twenty people drowned , victims of a contemporary struggle for liberation across borders. 二十人溺亡, 他们是当代国界间 为自由而战的受害者。
What I didn't predict a few years back was the courageous response of civil society volunteers such as members of Sea-Watch, who have literally inserted their bodies between the Libyan forces and the migrants in the water. 而我几年前没有预测到的是 民间社会志愿者对此的勇敢响应: 例如救援船所属 海洋观察组织的成员 用自己的身躯,强力介入了利比亚武装力量 和避难者间的矛盾。
at all costs:无论如何,不惜任何代价; drowned:v.(使)淹死,溺死;浸透;淹没;浸泡;(drown的过去分词和过去式) contemporary:n.同时代的人;同时期的东西;adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的; liberation:n.释放,解放; courageous:adj.有胆量的,勇敢的; response:n.响应;反应;回答; volunteers:n.志愿者; v.自愿做; (volunteer的第三人称单数和复数) literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
Crucially , they've also brought back images from cameras on board and body cams . 关键是,他们还 从船上和随身的相机 带回了影像。
These images allowed my colleagues , 这些影像让我的同事 查尔斯 · 海勒
Charles Heller and Lorenzo Pezzani to visually reconstruct the events of November 2017. 和洛伦佐 · 佩扎尼 能够在视觉上重构当时的场景。
When they came to my team and me asking that we go back to the European Court of Human Rights, 当他们找到我们团队 并希望我们能够去欧洲人权法法院 进行上诉的时候,
Crucially:adv.关键地;至关重要地; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) cams:n.凸轮(cam的复数); colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); Heller:n.捷克货币;昔德国之小铜币; visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地; reconstruct:vt.重建;改造;修复;重现;
I was hesitant . 我是犹豫的。
States always have ways to circumvent progressive human rights decisions, but the evidence spoke for itself. 各国总是能够设法规避那些 进步性的人权裁决, 但证据不言自明。
With my colleagues Violeta Moreno-Lax and Loredana Leo, we filed the case at the European Court of Human Rights. 我的同事维尔塔 · 莫雷诺, 拉克丝 · 罗蕾达娜 和我一起 在欧洲人权法院提起了诉讼。
hesitant:adj.迟疑的;踌躇的;犹豫不定的; circumvent:vt.包围;陷害;绕行; progressive:adj.进步的;先进的;开明的;稳步的;n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
We argue that Italy, as well as Europe, cannot rely on Libyan militia to sidestep their own accountability . 我们认为意大利,和欧洲一样, 不能依靠利比亚民兵 逃避自己的责任。
On a high level of generality , the question is when is a point of contact established between a person in need of protection and a state that can protect them. 在更高层面上, 真正的问题是 什么时候能够建立 寻求庇护的人们 和能够提供保护的国家间的沟通点。
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; rely:vi.依靠;信赖; sidestep:v.回避,规避(问题等);侧移一步闪过;n.台阶;侧跨步;横跳躲闪; accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性; generality:n.概论;普遍性;大部分; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式)
I've called this moment the human rights encounter . 我称此次事件为“人权交锋”。
It is a dramatic moment in which legal commitments are put to an existential test. 这是一个引人注目的时刻—— 法律承诺正经历着存在性检测。
It's not about human rights law generally , but a particular person in a particular time. 这无关于笼统的人权法本身, 而是关乎着 一群特定的人,一个特定的时间,
encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见; dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; commitments:n.承诺,保证;委托;承担义务;献身;(commitment的复数) existential:adj.存在主义的;有关存在的;存在判断的; generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地;
About simple commitments we have to each other as persons. 以及我们作为人, 对彼此的一份简单承诺。
It is not merely by chance that the sea becomes the environment for this large-scale struggle for liberation across borders. 海洋成为大规模跨越国界 为自由征战的场所 并不仅是偶然。
As for the court, it has recognized the human rights encounter, when it's physical and direct. 人权法院 考虑到人权事件的客观性、直接性, 认可了“人权交锋”的用语。
In the case I just told you about, we go further. 在上述分享的案件中, 我们的工作愈行愈远。
merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是; by chance:偶然;意外地; large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的; recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
Even when mediated by technology or by proxy forces, the underlying commitments to human rights should not change. 即使能通过技术或者代理部队 进行调解, 根本性的人权承诺也不应改变。
In my organization , the Global Legal Action Network, we pursue this case I told you about as part of a strategic litigation program. 我的全球法律行动网络组织 将此案件视为 战略诉讼计划的一部分, 追踪此案。
We consider international law and the laws of many countries. 我们顾及国际法以及多国法律,
mediated:vt.仲裁,调停;调解(mediate的过去式及过去分词形式); technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; proxy:n.代理人;委托书;代用品; underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; Legal Action:n.法律诉讼; pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠; strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的; litigation:n.诉讼;起诉;
We collaborate with researchers and activists who use cutting edge technologies to document violations across many borders. 同时与研究人员和活动家们合作—— 他们使用前沿科技 来记录国界线上的暴力冲突。
As war, persecution and climate change continue, we believe this strategy will redefine the future of human rights lawyering . 大小战争、政府迫害和气候变化 仍未停止, 我们相信这项战略行动将 重新定义人权律师行业。
The future of human rights lawyering is not only about a struggle against one corrupt leader or another. 人权律师行业的未来 不只在于对一个个腐败领袖的抗争,
collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌; cutting edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); violations:n.违反,妨碍;违规或不雅行为(violation的复数形式); persecution:n.迫害;烦扰; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; redefine:vt.重新定义; lawyering:n.律师之业; corrupt:v.损坏;破坏;使腐化;使堕落;adj.贪污的;受贿的;腐败的;营私舞弊的;
It's also about questions concerning how do we all inhabit this planet together? 同时也关乎于 我们怎样共同居住在这个星球。
Thank you. 谢谢。
concerning:prep.关于;涉及;v.影响,牵涉(某人);与…有关;涉及;(concern的现在分词) inhabit:v.居住在;栖居于;