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IlonaSzabodeCarvalho_2014G-_抵制毒品和枪支暴力中学到的四门课_
About 12 years ago, 大约是在12年前
I gave up my career in banking to try to make the world a safer place. 我放弃了在银行的职业, 致力于世界安全事业。
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
This involved a journey into national and global advocacy and meeting some of the most extraordinary people in the world. 于是我踏上了万国游踪,全球倡议的征程, 与一些世界顶尖人物会面。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; advocacy:n.主张;拥护;辩护; extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
In the process , I became a civil society diplomat . 这个过程中,我成为了一名公民社会的外交官。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; diplomat:n.外交家,外交官;有外交手腕的人;处事圆滑机敏的人;
Civil society diplomats do three things: 公民社会外交官有三个职能:
diplomats:外交官;
They voice the concerns of the people, are not pinned down by national interests, and influence change through citizen networks, not only state ones. 发出民众的声音, 不被国家利益牵制, 通过民众网络引导变革, 而不局限于国家网络。
concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式); pinned:v.固定;使不能动弹;按住;钳住;(pin的过去分词和过去式) influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
And if you want to change the world, we need more of them. 如果你想要改变世界,那么需要做的（工作）就更多。
But many people still ask, "Can civil society really make a big difference? 也许很多人还会问: “公民社会真的可以起这么大的作用？
Can citizens influence and shape national and global policy ?" 公民真的可以影响并改变国家和全球政策吗？”
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
I never thought I would ask myself these questions, but here I am to share some lessons about two powerful civil society movements that I've been involved in. 我曾经以为我从不会自问这些个问题, 而现在我想与你们分享几点经验, 是我在参与两起有力的公民社会运动中学到的。
They are in issues that I'm passionate about: gun control and drug policy. 他们分别是让我激情满怀的 枪支管控以及毒品政策。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的; gun control:n.枪支管制(法);
And these are issues that matter here. 这些正是这里存在的重大问题。
Latin America is ground zero for both of them. 拉丁美洲是这两个问题的着地点。
Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区); ground zero:"爆心投影点"组织;着地点;
For example, Brazil -- this beautiful country hosting TEDGlobal has the world's ugliest record. 比如,巴西—— 这个主持”TED全球“的美丽国家却是世界上最劣迹斑斑的地方。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); hosting:v.主办,主持;主持;做东;(host的现在分词) ugliest:adj.最丑的(ugly的最高级);
We are the number one champion in homicidal violence . 凶杀案数目位居榜首。
homicidal:adj.杀人的;行凶的;有杀人嗜好的;杀气腾腾的; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
One in every 10 people killed around the world is a Brazilian. 全世界每十个被害者中就有一个是巴西人。
This translates into over 56,000 people dying violently each year. 也就是说:每年有超过56000人 死于暴力事件。
violently:adv.猛烈地,激烈地;极端地;
Most of them are young, black boys dying by guns. 其中绝大多数是被枪杀的年轻黑人男孩。
Brazil is also one of the world's largest consumers of drugs, and the War on Drugs has been especially painful here. 巴西也是世界上最大的毒品消费国, 毒品战争在这里尤为惨痛。
consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
Around 50 percent of the homicides in the streets in Brazil are related to the War on Drugs. 巴西街头大约50%的杀人事件 都与毒品战争相关。
homicides:n.杀人;杀人犯;
The same is true for about 25 percent of people in jail . 25%的在押犯人也与此有关。
jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱;
And it's not just Brazil that is affected by the twin problems of guns and drugs. 其实并非只有巴西受枪支与毒品这对孪生问题的影响。
Virtually every country and city across Central and South America is in trouble. 事实上中美、南美的每个国家和城市都在遭受这种困扰。
Virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; South America:n.南美洲;
Latin America has nine percent of the world's population, but 25 percent of its global violent deaths. 拉丁美洲拥有世界9%的人口, 而暴力死亡比例却高达全球的25%。
These are not problems we can run away from. 这些问题是我们无法逃避的,
I certainly could not. 我当然也不能。
So the first campaign I got involved with started here in 2003 to change Brazil's gun law and to create a program to buy back weapons. 我参加的第一次运动是在这儿发起的,那是2003年, 为了改变巴西的枪支管理法律, 以及发起一个回购枪支的运动。
In just a few years, we not only changed national legislation that made it much more difficult for civilians to buy a gun, but we collected and destroyed almost half a million weapons. 短短几年, 我们不仅改变了国家的法律, 大大提高了民众购买枪支的难度, 而且还收集并销毁了近50万的枪支。
legislation:n.立法;法律; civilians:n.平民;市民;文官;无军职人员;(civilian的复数)
This was one of the biggest buyback programs in history -- 这是历史上最大规模的回购枪支运动——
buyback:n.回购,回买协议;
(Applause) -- but we also suffered some setbacks . (掌声) 但后来我们也经历了一些阻碍——
setbacks:n.挫折;周折(setback复数);
We lost a referendum to ban gun sales to civilians in 2005. 2005年,我们丧失了向民众禁售枪支的投票权。
referendum:n.公民投票权;外交官请示书;
The second initiative was also home-grown , but is today a global movement to reform the international drug control regime . 第二次倡议也是在国内, 但今天,对国际毒品管控体制的改革已经成为一项全球运动。
initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的; home-grown:adj.在当地出产的;本国产的; reform:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;n.改革;改良;改善; regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制;
I am the executive coordinator of something called the Global Commission on Drug Policy. 我本人是 全球毒品政策委员会的行政协理。
executive:n.管理人员; adj.经营管理的; coordinator:n.协调者;[自]协调器;同等的人或物; Commission:n.委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状;vt.委任;使服役;委托制作;
The commission is a high-level group of global leaders brought together to identify more humane and effective approaches to the issue of drugs. 这个委员会是一个高级别工作组, 这里聚集了全球领导者,共同制定 更人道、更有效的毒品问题解决方案。
high-level:adj.高级的;高阶层的;在高空的; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: humane:adj.仁慈的,人道的;高尚的; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度;
Since we started in 2008, the taboo on drugs is broken. 从2008年开始到现在,毒品禁忌已经打破。
taboo:n.禁忌;禁止;adj.禁忌的;忌讳的;vt.禁忌;禁止;
Across the Americas, from the US and Mexico to Colombia and Uruguay, change is in the air. 整个美洲,从美国到墨西哥、古巴、乌拉圭, 变革随处可见。
But rather than tell you the whole story about these two movements, 但在这里我不讲有关这两次运动的整个故事,
I just want to share with you four key insights . 我只想与你们分享四个关键的见解。
insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数);
I call them lessons to change the world. 我称它们是“改变世界的必修课”。
There are certainly many more, but these are the ones that stand out to me. 当然还有其它别的, 但这几个是让我最为印象深刻的。
So the first lesson is: 第一课是:
Change and control the narrative . 改变和控制话语权。
narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的;
It may seem obvious , but a key ingredient to civil society diplomacy is first changing and then controlling the narrative. 这也许是显而易见的, 但公民社会外交的要素 就是首先改变,并随后控制话语权。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分;adj.构成组成部分的; diplomacy:n.外交;外交手腕;交际手段;
This is something that veteran politicians understand, but that civil society groups generally do not do very well. 政坛老手对之有着深刻的理解, 而公民社会团体通常在这方面做的并不好。
veteran:n.老兵; adj.(尤指军事方面)老练的; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地;
In the case of drug policy, our biggest success has been to change the discussion away from prosecuting a War on Drugs to putting people's health and safety first. 在毒品政策的运动中, 我们最大的成功在于引导讨论, 从进行毒品战争到 首先强调公民的健康和安全。
prosecuting:v.起诉;控告;检举;担任控方律师;继续从事(或参与);(prosecute的现在分词)
In a cutting-edge report we just launched in New York, we also showed that the groups benefiting most from this $320 billion market are criminal gangs and cartels . 刚刚在纽约发行的一份前沿报告中, 我们也指出:在这个3200亿的市场中, 受益最多的群体是犯罪团伙与黑帮。
cutting-edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) gangs:n.帮派(gang的复数);v.成帮结伙;合伙行动(gang的三单形式); cartels:n.卡特尔;联合企业(cartel的复数);
So in order to undermine the power and profit of these groups, we need to change the conversation. 所以说,为了逐渐削弱这些群体的势力和利益, 我们需要改变对话方式,
undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基; profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益;
We need to make illegal drugs legal. 需要改变毒品的非法性,使其合法化。
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
But before I get you too excited, 不过,大家别激动,
I don't mean drugs should be a free-for-all . 我并不是说应该让毒品市场自由化,
free-for-all:n.可自由参加的竞赛;任何人可以参加的竞赛;adj.对任何人开放的;
What I'm talking about, and what the Global Commission advocates for is creating a highly regulated market, where different drugs would have different degrees of regulation . 而是说,就像全球毒品政策委员会倡导的那样: 创建一个高度管制的毒品市场, 不同毒品在这里受到不同程度的管制。
advocates:n.拥护者; vt.主张(advocate的第三人称单数); highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; regulated:v.约束,控制,管理;(regulate的过去式和过去分词) regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的;
As for gun control, we were successful in changing, but not so much in controlling, the narrative. 就像枪支管制中那样,我们实现了一些改变, 但并没有成功控制话语权。
And this brings me to my next lesson: 这就给了我接下来的一课:
Never underestimate your opponents . 永远不要低估对手。
underestimate:v.低估;看轻;n.低估; opponents:n.对手(opponent的复数形式);
If you want to succeed in changing the world, you need to know who you're up against. 如果你想要成功改变世界, 你需要知道你的对手是谁,
You need to learn their motivations and points of view. 了解他们的动机和观点。
motivations:n.动机(motivation的复数);表明动机;
In the case of gun control, we really underestimated our opponents. 在枪支管制的案例中, 我们的确是低估了对手。
underestimated:v.低估;对…估计不足;轻视(underestimate的过去分词和过去式)
After a very successful gun-collection program, we were elated . 成功回购枪支的运动之后, 我们兴高采烈。
elated:adj.兴高采烈的;得意洋洋的;v.使兴奋(elate的过去式和过去分词);
We had support from 80 percent of Brazilians, and thought that this could help us win the referendum to ban gun sales to civilians. 我们拥有80%的巴西人民支持, 以为这个就可以使得我们 在向公民禁售枪支的投票中稳操胜券。
But we were dead wrong. 但我们大错特错了。
During a televised 20-day public debate , our opponent used our own arguments against us. 在为期20天的媒体公开辩论中, 对手用我们的观点反驳我们,
televised:vt.用电视播放;vi.电视播放; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑;
We ended up losing the popular vote. 使我们以输掉公众投票而告终。
It was really terrible. 这真的是极其惨重的失败。
The National Rifle Association -- yes, the American NRA -- came to Brazil. 全国步枪协会——是的,就是美国的NRA, 来到巴西。
Rifle:n.步枪;来复枪;v.快速搜寻;匆忙翻找;偷窃;盗取; Association:n.协会;关联;联想;交往;
They inundated our campaign with their propaganda , that as you know, links the right to own guns to ideas of freedom and democracy . 他们的宣传几乎覆灭了我们的运动, 你知道, 他们让持枪权与自由和民主搭上了关系。
inundated:adj.洪泛的;v.淹没(inundate的过去分词); propaganda:n.宣传;传道总会; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
They simply threw everything at us. 他们轻而易举地把所有问题砸向我们。
They used our national flag, our independence anthem . 他们使用我们的国旗, 我们的独立之歌。
independence:n.独立;独立性;自恃心;独立不羁的精神; anthem:n.赞美诗;圣歌;v.唱圣歌庆祝;唱赞歌;
They invoked women's rights and misused images of Mandela, Tiananmen Square, and even Hitler. 他们借助女权, 滥用曼德拉,天安门广场,甚至希特勒的图片。
invoked:v.叫唤(invoke的过去式,过去分词); misused:vt.滥用;误用;虐待;n.滥用;误用;虐待; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
They won by playing with people's fears. 他们借助操弄人们的恐惧取得了胜利。
In fact, guns were almost completely ignored in their campaign. 事实上,在他们的运动中几乎完全绕开枪支,
ignored:v.忽视;对…不予理会;佯装未见;不予理睬;(ignore的过去分词和过去式)
Their focus was on individual rights. 而是把火力集中在个人权利上。
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
But I ask you, which right is more important, the right to life or the right to have a gun that takes life away? 可是,我想问大家: 那种权力更重要呢？ 是生命的权力？ 还是夺取生命的持枪权？
(Applause) （掌声）
We thought people would vote in defense of life, but in a country with a recent past of military dictatorship , the anti-government message of our opponents resonated , and we were not prepared to respond . 我以为人们会为保护生命而投票, 但在一个不久前还受到军事独裁统治的国家, 对手反政府的言辞得到了共鸣, 而我们完全没有准备好回应。
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; dictatorship:n.专政;独裁权;独裁者职位; anti-government:反政府; resonated:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
Lesson learned. 我们收获了教训。
We've been more successful in the case of drug policy. 我们在毒品政策的运动中更成功一些。
If you asked most people 10 years ago if an end to the War on Drugs was possible, they would have laughed. 如果你要问十年前的人们,要结束毒品战争是否有可能, 大多数人都会大笑的。
After all, there are huge military police prisons and financial establishments benefiting from this war. 毕竟,那个时候有大量的军队、警察、监狱, 以及金融机构,在这场战争中获利。
military police:n.宪兵; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; establishments:n.大型组织;企业;旅馆;权威人士;建立;(establishment的复数)
But today, the international drug control regime is starting to crumble . 而今天,全球毒品的管理体制正在崩溃,
crumble:v.崩溃;破碎,粉碎;n.面包屑;
Governments and civil societies are experimenting with new approaches. 政府与公民社会团体正在试验新的策略。
The Global Commission on Drug Policy really knew its opposition , and rather than fighting them, our chair -- former Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso -- 全球毒品政策委员会 对对手再清楚不过了, 与其直接对抗,不如—— 像我们的前巴西总统费尔南多·恩里克·卡多佐,
opposition:n.反对党;对立;在野党;对抗;
reached out to leaders from across the political spectrum , from liberals to conservatives . 找到政界领袖们, 不论是自由派还是保守党。
spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象; liberals:n.自由主义者(liberal的复数); conservatives:n.保守党,保守派;
This high level group agreed to honestly discuss the merits and flaws of drug policies . 这个高层团体同意真诚探讨 毒品政策的优点和弊端。
merits:n.优点(merit的复数);功绩;是非曲直; flaws:n.[材]缺陷;[力]裂缝(flaw的复数);v.有裂纹;使有裂缝(flaw的单三形式); policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
It was this reasoned, informed and strategic discussion that revealed the sad truth about the War on Drugs. 正是这次严谨、据实、具有战略性的讨论, 揭露了毒品战争的悲哀现实。
informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式) strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的; revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式)
The War on Drugs has simply failed across every metric .
metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的;
Drugs are cheaper and more available than ever, and consumption has risen globally. 毒品比从前更廉价、更易获取, 消费量也在全球性的增长。
consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨;
But even worse, it also generated massive negative unintended consequences . 还有更糟糕的, 它还带来了一系列预料之外的巨大恶果。
generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词) massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; unintended:adj.无意识的;非计划中的; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
It is true that some people have made these arguments before, but we've made a difference by anticipating the arguments of our opponents and by leveraging powerful voices that a few years ago would probably have resisted change. 之前的确有人提过这些论点, 但我们不一样: 我们通过对对手论点的预测、 通过放大有力的声音, 来自那些数年前也许还在拒绝改变的人。
anticipating:v.预料;预期;预见;期盼;期望;(anticipate的现在分词) leveraging:v.利用贷款进行投机;(leverage的现在分词) resisted:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;(resist的过去分词和过去式)
Third lesson: Use data to drive your argument. 我们学到的第三课是:让数据驱动你的论点。
Guns and drugs are emotive issues, and as we've painfully learned in the gun referendum campaign in Brazil, sometimes it's impossible to cut through the emotions and get to the facts. 枪支和毒品是会激发情绪的, 我们在巴西针对枪支的公民投票运动中就得到过惨重的教训。 有的时候,想要破开情绪切入真相, 真的不可能。
emotive:adj.感情的;情绪的;表现感情的; painfully:adv.痛苦地,费力地; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
But this doesn't mean that we shouldn't try. 但这并不意味着我们就应该无所作为。
Until quite recently , we simply didn't know how many Brazilians were killed by guns. 直到不久前, 我们才知道有多少巴西人死在枪口上。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
Amazingly, it was a local soap opera called "Mulheres Apaixonadas" -- or "Women in Love" -- that kicked off Brazil's national gun control campaign. 让人震惊的是,有一个当地的肥皂剧叫做“Mulheres Apaixonadas”—— 或者是“恋爱中的女人”—— 它拉开了巴西国内枪支管制运动的序幕。
soap opera:n.(美)肥皂剧;
In one highly viewed episode , a soap opera lead actress was killed by a stray bullet . 在收视率很高的一集中, 这个肥皂剧的女主角被一颗子弹误杀,
episode:n.一段经历;片段,插曲;一集; stray:v.迷路; adj.走失的; n.走失的宠物(或家畜); bullet:n.子弹;只选某党全部候选人的投票;豆子;vi.射出;迅速行进;
Brazilian grannies and housewives were outraged , and in a case of art imitating life, this episode also included footage of a real gun control march that we had organized right here, outside in Copacabana Beach. 巴西奶奶们和家庭主妇们都被激怒了。 作为艺术刻画真实生活的例子, 这一集也有一些真实枪支管制游行的镜头, 正是我们在这儿组织的那次, 在外面的科帕卡瓦纳海滩。
housewives:n.家庭主妇;(housewife的复数) outraged:adj.义愤填膺的;愤慨的,气愤的;v.使愤怒(outrage的过去式,过去分词); imitating:v.模仿;仿效;冒充;(imitate的现在分词) footage:n.英尺长度;连续镜头;以尺计算长度; organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式)
The televised death and march had a huge impact on public opinion . 影视中的死亡和游行对公众看法产生了巨大影响。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; public opinion:n.舆论;民意;
Within weeks, our national congress approved the disarmament bill that had been languishing for years. 几周内,国家议会通过了 那个折腾了好多年的缴械法案。
congress:n.国会;代表大会;会议;社交; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) disarmament:n.裁军; languishing:adj.衰弱下去的; v.被迫滞留; (languish的现在分词)
We were then able to mobilize data to show the successful outcomes of the change in the law and gun collection program. 之后我们也能利用数据, 证实这项法令的修改和枪支回购运动 所带来的成功效果。
mobilize:v.动员;动员;调动;组织;鼓动;调用; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
Here is what I mean: 我想说的是——
We could prove that in just one year, we saved more than 5,000 lives. 我们能够用事实证明在短短一年内, 我们就挽救了超过5000的生命。
(Applause) （掌声）
And in the case of drugs, in order to undermine this fear and prejudice that surrounds the issue, we managed to gather and present data that shows that today's drug policies cause much more harm than drug use per se , and people are starting to get it. 在毒品案例中, 为了打破围绕这一问题的一切恐惧和偏见, 我们通过收集并呈现数据, 展现毒品政策如何造成比毒品本身更严重的伤害, 而人们也已经开始慢慢理解。
prejudice:n.偏见;侵害;vt.损害;使有偏见; per se:adv.本身;本质上;
My fourth insight is: 我学到的第四课是:
Don't be afraid to bring together odd bedfellows . 不要害怕聚集意见不同的伙伴。
odd:adj.古怪的;奇数的;n.奇数; bedfellows:n.伙伴;同床者(等于bedmate);
What we've learned in Brazil -- and this doesn't only apply to my country -- is the importance of bringing diverse and eclectic folks together. 我们在巴西学到的—— 这个不只适用于我们的国家: 就是不拘一格聚集各界民众的重要性。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; eclectic:adj.折衷的;选择的;折衷学派的;n.折衷派的人;折衷主义者;adj.不拘一格的;
If you want to change the world, it helps to have a good cross-section of society on your side. 如果你想要改变世界, 拥有一个围绕你的跨领域团体,会很有帮助。
cross-section:n.横截面;横断面;
In both the case of guns and drugs, we brought together a wonderful mix of people. 在枪支和毒品的案例中, 我们有非常棒的人才聚集。
We mobilized the elite and got huge support from the media . 我们动员社会精英,争取到了媒体的有力支持。
mobilized:v.组织;动员;调动;调用;(mobilize的过去式和过去分词) elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
We gathered the victims, human rights champions, cultural icons. 我们聚集受害者、人权决胜者以及文化偶像。
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
We also assembled the professional classes -- doctors, lawyers, academia and more. 我们还召集了各种职业群体—— 医生、律师、学者等等。
assembled:v.聚集;集合;收集;装配;组装;(assemble的过去分词和过去式) professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; academia:n.学术界;学术生涯;
What I've learned over the last years is that you need coalitions of the willing and of the unwilling to make change. 那些年我学到的就是: 你需要那些意见相左的人们组成联盟,从而实现改变。
coalitions:n.联合;结盟(coalition的复数); unwilling:adj.不愿意的;不情愿的;勉强的;
In the case of drugs, we needed libertarians , anti-prohibitionists, legalizers, and liberal politicians. 在毒品案例中, 我们需要自由主义者、反禁者、立法人员 以及开明的政治家。
libertarians:adj.自由的;自由论者的;持自由论的;n.自由意志主义者;行动自由论者;
They may not agree on everything; in fact, they disagree on almost everything. 他们也许不会在每件事情上达成一致, 事实上,他们在几乎所有事情上都有分歧。
But the legitimacy of the campaign is based on their diverse points of view. 但这项运动的合理性正是基于他们多样化的观点。
legitimacy:n.合法;合理;正统;
Over a decade ago, 十多年之前,
I had a comfortable future working for an investment bank . 我为投资银行工作、拥有一个舒适的未来。
investment bank:n.投资银行;商业银行;
I was as far removed from the world of civil society diplomacy as you can imagine. 我距离公民社会外交官是如此之远, 你们可以想象。
But I took a chance. 但是,我把握了一个机会,
I changed course, and on the way, I helped to create social movements that I believe have made some parts of the world safer. 改变了行进方向, 并且这一路上,我为发起社会运动做贡献, 而我相信一些地方已经变得更为安全了。
Each and every one of us has the power to change the world. 我们每个人都拥有改变世界的力量。
No matter what the issue, and no matter how hard the fight, civil society is central to the blueprint for change. 无论目标是什么,无论这场奋斗如何艰难, 公民社会是变革蓝图的重心。
No matter what:不管什么…; blueprint:vt.计划;制成蓝图;n.蓝图,设计图;计划;
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) (掌声)