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IlonaStengel_2017S-_人类情感在科学和研究中的作用_
I'm a scientist, and I'm a big fan of Star Trek , especially of Mr. Spock. 我是一名科学家, 也是《星际迷航》的死忠粉, 尤其喜欢史波克先生。
Trek:v.长途跋涉;远足,徒步旅行;n.长途跋涉(尤指在山区); especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
Mr. Spock is a scientist as well, and at the same time , he's the first [officer] 史波克先生也是一名科学家, 同时,他也是星际战舰
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
of the starship Enterprise, and during the adventures of the Enterprise crew, he and his colleagues are dealing a lot with the presence or absence of Mr. Spock's emotions . 企业号的大副, 在企业号的冒险过程中, 由于史波克先生时有时无的情感, 他和他的同伴们发生了许多故事。
starship:n.星际飞船; colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态; absence:n.没有;缺乏;缺席;不注意; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
Mr. Spock is half-human and half-Vulcan, and Vulcans are an alien race who learn to control and suppress their feelings and to act purely out of logic . 史波克先生是人类和瓦肯人的混血, 瓦肯人是外星种族, 他们学习控制和压抑自己的情感, 完全按照纯粹的逻辑行事。
Vulcans:n.伏尔甘(火和锻冶的神); suppress:vt.抑制;镇压;废止; purely:adv.完全;仅仅; logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的;
As Mr. Spock is only half-Vulcan, he sees himself constantly in conflict in between logic and emotions, and as he's part of a team, the whole crew is struggling with, is analyzing , and is making fun of this conflict. 因为史波克先生 只有一半瓦肯人血统, 因此他不断在逻辑和情感之间纠结, 又因为他是团队中的一员, 因此整个舰队成员都很抓狂, 喜欢分析他, 也喜欢拿他的纠结开玩笑。
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; analyzing:adj.分析的;v.分析(analyze的现在分词);
And also the fans of Star Trek watch with amusement this seemingly contradictory behavior. 《星际迷航》的粉丝们也很喜欢 他这种充满矛盾的行为。
seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来; contradictory:adj.矛盾的;反对的;反驳的;抗辩的;n.对立物;矛盾因素;
They find it quite fascinating . 粉丝们觉得这很迷人。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
And the matter is a golden thread through the whole Star Trek series and movies from the '60s until today. 而这是一条很棒的主线, 贯穿于整个星舰迷航的电视剧和电影, 从60年代直到今天。
thread:n.螺纹;线索;思路;脉络;v.穿过;穿(针);纫(针);(使)穿过; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书;
And that's actually what I want to talk about today: the role of emotions in science. 这正是我今天想谈的话题, 情感在科学中扮演的角色。
We tend to think that science is all about facts and logic and human feelings are often neglected or considered an obstacle to get rid of. 我们倾向于认为, 科学就是事实和逻辑, 而人类的情感往往被忽略, 或者被认为是要去除的障碍。
neglected:adj.被忽略的; v.忽略; (neglect的过去分词和过去式) obstacle:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;绊脚石;
I would like to suggest that emotions are as important in science as they are in any other part of our lives. 但我认为,情感在科学中同样重要, 跟它在我们生活的其他方面一样。
Science is made by humans, and as human beings, even if we try hard, we cannot get rid of our emotions. 科学是人类发明的, 作为人类, 无论我们多么努力, 都无法消除我们的情感。
So instead of fighting them, 因此,与其与之斗争,
I believe that even in science, we should make use of our feelings, because for breakthroughs and innovation , they are equally important as facts and logic. 不如善加利用, 包括在科学领域, 因为对于突破和创新而言, 情感跟事实和逻辑一样重要。
make use of:使用,利用; breakthroughs:突破; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
I will come back to Mr. Spock, but first let me share my experience on the role of emotions and science, and one story in particular kept me thinking about it for the last couple of years. 我们一会儿再来聊史波克先生, 首先我来分享一下自己的经历, 关于情感在科学中所起的作用, 这件事让我在过去的几年里, 一直在思考这个问题。
in particular:尤其,特别;
I'm working in research on organic light-emitting diodes , so-called OLEDs. 我是研究有机发光二极管的, 也就是OLED。
organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体; light-emitting:adj.发光的; diodes:n.二极管; so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的;
This is how you might know them, as new generation of displays . 你们也许听说过, 它是新一代的显示技术。
displays:v.陈列; n.陈列;
OLEDs are more and more used in smartphone displays and TV screens. OLED被越来越多的用在 智能手机和电视屏幕上。
smartphone:n.智能手机;
They make them appear bright, truly colorful and bendable . 让屏幕更加明亮, 颜色更真,还可以弯曲。
bendable:可弯曲的;
This is how they look like in the research lab of my physicist colleagues. 这是我物理学同事的 实验室里OLED器件。
physicist:n.物理学家;物理学研究者;
And this is what I, as a chemist , have in mind when I think about them. 而作为一名化学家的我, 想起它的时候是这样的。
chemist:n.化学家;药剂师;药房;化学师;
I've loved it ever since I started to work on it. 我从研究它的第一天开始 就爱上了它。
So I didn't really like the news when the company I had been working for -- that was my previous employer -- announced that they wanted to stop OLED research. 因此当我听到 我当时所在的公司, 上一家公司, 宣布他们要停止研究 OLED的时候,我很不开心。
previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前; employer:n.雇主,老板;
At the time, the management had reasons for this decision, and the company handled it very well, actually. 当时,管理层做出 这个决定是有原因的, 而且公司其实处理得很好。
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
Nobody lost their jobs, and everybody was rewarded for their performed work. 没有人失业, 每个人已经完成的工作 也拿到了相应的报酬。
rewarded:v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的过去分词和过去式) performed:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好)(perform的过去分词和过去式)
What I want to show you today is what happened with my scientist colleagues and me during the time in between the announcement and the last working day on our project. 我今天想分享的, 是我的科学家同事们和我, 从听到这个消息,到项目最后一天, 这段时间里发生的事情。
working day:n.一天中的工作时间;工作日;
Consider it a small case study on emotions in science. 可以把它看成情感在科学中作用的 一个小的研究案例吧。
case study:n.个案研究;专题研究;案例研究;
In 2015, our research team had grown to more than 80 people, and even after the announcement that our project was discontinued , we could not stop working from one day to another . 2015年,我们的 研究团队超过了80人, 即便在项目要终止的消息宣布之后, 我们还在一天天的继续工作。
discontinued:adj.停止使用的;不连续的;v.停止;中断(discontinue的过去分词); from one day to another:从这一天到另一天;
It took several months to bring all activities to a sound end and to find new jobs within the company for everyone. 从我们完成手头所有工作, 到在公司内部找到新工作, 前后花了几个月的时间。
Here's what happened. 这中间发生了什么呢。
Even though we knew that we were working on a project that was to be stopped, during those months our output hit the roof. 即便我们知道我们的项目 马上要被叫停, 但这几个月里我们的产出却十分惊人。
output:n.(人、机器、机构的)产量;输出;输出功率;输出量;v.输出;
We were actually working on two different OLED projects: first, the development of materials for blue-shining OLEDs, which had started in 2001; and second, materials for green OLEDs, which had started in 2014. 我们甚至同时在做2个OLED的项目: 第一个,开发蓝光OLED材料, 是从2001年开始的; 第二个,绿光OELD材料, 是从2014年开始的。
And the results I show you here concern the green OLED project. 我给大家展示的 是绿光OLED的成果。
concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事;
In the graph, you can see how the lifetime, which is a crucial measure for the durability of our devices , developed over time. 这张图表显示的是使用寿命, 也就是我们设备耐久度的主要指标, 如何随着时间的推移而发展。
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; durability:n.耐久性;坚固;耐用年限; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
In 2015, just half a year into the project, we were told to scale down, to stop working on the project as soon as possible and to start over in other jobs. 2015年,这个项目刚进行到1年半, 我们被告知要缩小规模, 让我们尽快停止这个项目, 开始去做其他工作。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; as soon as:一…就;
Nevertheless , from this time on, our results continued to improve rapidly. 尽管如此,从那时候开始, 我们依然进展迅速。
Nevertheless:adv.然而,不过;虽然如此;conj.然而,不过; improve:v.改进;改善;
How did that happen? 这是怎么回事呢？
After the announcement, pretty quickly, colleagues started leaving the team, and soon, we were left in a small group, all pretty much sharing the same attitude of, "I'm going to be the last person leaving the ship." 在消息宣布后, 同事们开始陆续离开团队, 很快就只剩下几个人, 大家都抱着同样的想法, “我将是最后一个弃船的人。”
attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势;
What I mean is, while the number of scientists working on the project was decreasing , the dedication of people remaining grew dramatically . 我想说的是, 尽管参与项目的科学家人数在减少, 但是留下来的人的奉献精神 却在大幅增长。
decreasing:v.(使大小、数量等)减少,减小,降低;(decrease的现在分词) dedication:n.奉献;献身;(建筑物等的)落成典礼;(书、音乐或演出前部的)献词; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
And also, a new and more intense team spirit formed. 同时还形成了新的、 更加积极的团队精神。
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; team spirit:n.合作精神;集体精神;团队精神;
We all shared the same passion for our work, we all were sad that it was about to end, and we all wanted to show that we could turn our ideas into reality. 我们对工作都抱有同样的热情, 我们对项目行将结束感到难过, 我们都想证明, 我们的想法是可以实现的。
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; was about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将;
We felt that we belonged to something bigger. 我们觉得自己能成就更大的事业。
And furthermore , our project was less and less in the focus of the management, because they started to think about new projects, restructuring and so on. 除此之外, 管理层对我们项目的 关注越来越少, 因为他们开始转向了新的项目, 思考重组等事项。
furthermore:adv.此外;而且; restructuring:n.调整;改组;重建;v.重组(restructure的现在分词形式);
This resulted in additional freedom and the possibility to take a few things into our own hands. 这让我们有更大的自由 有更大的自主权。
additional:adj.附加的,额外的;
Of course, more freedom also means more responsibility, which we were happy to take, because we believed in our work. 当然,更多自由 也意味着更大的责任, 我们也很愿意承担, 因为我们相信自己从事的工作。
We felt empowered . 我们感到更加自主。
empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式)
And these three pillars -- dedication, belonging and empowerment -- worked together in a kind of self-reinforcing cycle, and the closer we got to shutdown , the better our output became. 这三个因素: 奉献精神、归属感和自主权, 相辅相成,相互促进, 越是临近项目停止, 我们的成果越显着。
pillars:n.柱子;柱状物;台柱(pillar的复数);v.用柱支持(pillar的第三人称单数); empowerment:n.许可,授权; self-reinforcing:自我强化; shutdown:n.关机;停工;关门;停播;
So we were working with such personal engagement on a project already sentenced to death because we felt connected to something meaningful . 我们不断自我激励,把心血 倾注在这个即将终结的项目上, 因为我们觉得这件事意义重大。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的;
Of course, it was also a hard and sometimes frustrating time, but we were sitting together in the lab, or occasionally in the café, sharing our sadness about the end of our project as well as the joy in our work. 当然,也会有许多艰难 甚至熬不下去的时刻, 但我们围坐在实验室, 或者有时候在餐厅, 分享项目即将被终结的悲伤, 或者工作中的乐趣。
frustrating:adj.令人沮丧的;v.使沮丧;(frustrate的现在分词) occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
So overall , we had a very intense and mesmerizingly exciting time. 总而言之,我们度过了一段 紧张而又兴奋的时间。
overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的;
And the lifetime we finally obtained for our materials was on one level with already commercialized materials for green OLEDs at the time, and we achieved this within just one year. 最后,我们材料的寿命 与已经商业化生产的 绿光OLED的寿命 达到了同一水平, 而做到这一点, 我们仅用了一年时间。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; obtained:v.获得(obtain的过去分词); commercialized:adj.商业化的;v.使商品化;靠…赚钱(commercialize的过去分词);
And those results helped our employer to sell the patents for real value. 这一成果让我们的老板 卖了个好价钱。
patents:n.[专利]专利(patent的复数形式);专利权;
Now, let me tell you the same story with different characters and a slightly different operation. 下面我来讲一个类似的故事, 只是角色和采取的方式 有些许不同。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
The story is part of Star Trek. 这个故事出自《星际迷航》。
And sorry for those of you who haven't seen the movies, but I need to introduce a spoiler here. 对于那些还没看过的人, 抱歉我要剧透了。
spoiler:n.剧透(透露与电影,书籍或者游戏内容有关的信息。);
After Mr. Spock sacrificed himself to save the starship Enterprise at the end of Star Trek II, 史波克先生牺牲自己, 拯救了星际战舰企业号, 这是《星际迷航2》结尾的情节,
sacrificed:v.牺牲:献出:以(人或动物)作祭献:(sacrifice的过去分词和过去式)
Captain Kirk and his core team were determined to hunt through the universe to search for Spock, even though they could see only very little chance in finding him alive. 柯克船长和他的 核心团队成员决定 穿梭宇宙来寻找史波克, 尽管史波克还活着的希望 非常渺茫。
Kirk:n.教会;苏格兰教会; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式)
And Starfleet Command did not give them permission nor a starship to do so, so they took it very passionately into their own hands to travel out to find Spock. 星际舰队的指挥官 并不允许他们这么做, 于是他们慷慨激昂的 将这件事扛上肩, 出发寻找史波克。
passionately:adv.热情地;强烈地;激昂地;
And after dealing with great challenges, they eventually found Spock, and he happily and gratefully joined the team again. 历尽千辛万苦之后, 他们找到了史波克, 他开心而又感恩地归队了。
eventually:adv.最后,终于; gratefully:adv.感激地;感谢地;
He could feel the dedication and the connection of his team towards their project, which was to save him and to hold the crew together. 他能感受到团队 对于目标的热情与执着, 而正是这个目标:救他回来, 让团队凝聚不散。
And over the years, over the episodes of the saga , 随着时间推移,剧情发展,
episodes:n.一段经历;片段,插曲;一集;(episode的复数) saga:n.传说;冒险故事;英雄事迹;
Mr. Spock came to realize that the combination of both logic and emotions is crucial for facing challenges and exploring new worlds, and there was no contradiction anymore. 史波克先生认识到, 逻辑和情感的结合, 对于战胜挑战, 探索新世界尤为重要, 他不再纠结与彷徨。
combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) contradiction:n.矛盾;反驳;驳斥;
So the storyline here for both our OLED story and Star Trek is actually the basic setting for a lot of breakthrough stories, in and out of science. 因此,无论是我们的OLED, 还是《星际迷航》, 跟许多充满戏剧性的故事一样, 有相同的情节设定, 无论它是不是关于科学。
storyline:n.故事情节;
The main characters are all part of a great team. 主角都是一支伟大团队的一员。
All team members show a huge dedication towards reaching their goal. 所有成员对于实现目标 都有巨大的热情。
They strive to seize all the freedom they can get, and they take the responsibility they need to take. 他们牢牢抓住所有的自主权, 勇于承担应有的责任。
strive:v.力求;斗争;反抗;(strive的第三人称单数) seize:v.抓住;夺取;理解;逮捕;
During the time our OLED project was nearing the end, 在我们的OLED项目 临近结束的时候,
nearing:v.(时间或空间上)接近,靠近,临近;(near的现在分词)
I received one piece of advice several times. 我不断听到劝导的声音。
'"Don't take it to your heart. “别太上心了。
You can work on something else." 你可以换个项目来做。”
If I had followed it, it would have saved me several depressed evenings and many tears, but at the same time, 如果我听了这些劝告, 可能会让我少一些沮丧, 少流一些眼泪, 但与此同时,
depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词)
I would have failed to gain a great deal in personal development and happiness. 我也会失去一个个人发展的良机, 失去得到快乐的机会。
And as the same is true for my colleagues and our whole project, we would have achieved far less. 对于我们整个团队 和项目而言也是如此, 我们的成就将小得多。
So of course, science should be based on facts and logic. 因此,毫无疑问, 科学应该基于事实和逻辑。
When I say we should use our emotions in science, 当我说,我们应该在科学中 加入情感的时候,
I do not suggest we should use feelings instead of facts. 我并不是说,我们应该 用感觉来代替事实。
But I say we should not be afraid of using our feelings to implement and to catalyze fact-based science and innovation. 而是要勇于运用我们的感情, 来促进基于事实的科学和创新。
implement:v.实施;执行;贯彻;使生效;n.工具; catalyze:vt.催化;刺激,促进;
Emotions and logic do not oppose each other. 感情和逻辑并不矛盾。
oppose:v.反对(计划、政策等);抵制;阻挠;(在竞赛中)与…对垒;
They complement each other, and they reinforce each other. 它们相互补充, 相互促进。
complement:n.补语;余角;补足物;vt.补足,补助; reinforce:vt.加强,加固; vi.求援; n.加强;
The feeling of being dedicated to something meaningful, of belonging to something bigger and of being empowered is crucial for creativity and innovation. 对于有意义事情的全情投入, 对于更高目标的责任感, 和更多的自主权, 对于创造和创新都很重要。
dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式)
Whatever you are working on, make sure that it matters, and take it to your heart as much as you like. 无论你做什么, 一定要确保它是重要的, 并且全心全意的热爱它。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) （掌声）