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IanDunbar_2007P-_“狗性化”训练_
Dogs have interests. 狗是有喜好的
They have interests sniffing each other, chasing squirrels . 它们喜欢相互嗅探,追逐松鼠。
sniffing:v.抽鼻子;嗅,闻;抱怨;(sniff的现在分词) squirrels:n.松鼠;v.代理经营;把…分解成;(squirrel的第三人称单数和复数)
And if we don't make that a reward in training, that will be a distraction . 要是我们不把它们的喜好作为训练过程中的奖赏,那这些喜好就会让它们分心。
reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏; distraction:n.注意力分散;消遣;心烦意乱;
It's always sort of struck me as really a scary thought that if you see a dog in a park, and the owner is calling it, and the owner says, you know, " Puppy , come here, come here," 这样的一个想法常使我震撼。 如果公园里有一只狗,它的主人在叫它。 主人说:“狗狗,过来,来这儿。”
Puppy:n.小狗;幼犬;傲慢小子;自负无礼的青年
and the dog thinks, "Hmm, interesting. 狗心想:“嗯,有意思。
I'm sniffing this other dog's rear-end , the owner's calling, it's a difficult choice." Right? 我正在嗅另一只狗的屁股,主人也在喊我。 这真是为难我。”是吧？
rear-end:adj.在尾端的;n.后端;
Rear-end, owner -- rear-end wins. 屁股,主人 —— （当然）屁股赢了。
I mean, you lose. 是的,你输了。
You cannot compete with the environment, if you have an adolescent dog's brain. 要是你是一只青春期的狗, 你是没法和环境抗衡的。
compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); adolescent:adj.青春期的;未成熟的;n.青少年;
So, when we train, we're always trying to take into account the dog's point of view . 所以,当我们训练狗的时候,我们一直试图 站在狗的角度思考。
take into account:考虑;重视;体谅; point of view:观点;见地;立场;
Now, I'm here largely because there's kind of a rift in dog training at the moment -- that on one side, we have people who think that you train a dog, number one, by making up rules, human rules. 今天我在这里（演讲）主要是因为 目前对狗的训练方法中存在分歧 —— 一方面,有这样一些人,认为训练狗 首先要制定规矩,人类的规矩。
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; rift:n.裂缝;不和;[木]裂口;vt.使断裂;使分开;vi.裂开;
We don't take the dog's point of view into account. 我们不考虑狗是怎么想的。
So the human says, "You're going to act this way, damn it. 所以这些人会说:“你要这么做,该死的（狗）。
damn:v.谴责;该死;n.诅咒;adj.可恶的;
We're going to force you to act against your will, to bend to our will." 我们要强迫你去做违背你意愿的事情,要屈从于我们的意愿。”
Then, number two -- we keep these rules a secret from the dog. 第二,我们这些规矩对狗来说是保密的。
And then number three -- now we can punish the dog for breaking rules he didn't even know existed. 第三,我们可以惩罚狗, 如果它违反了它根本就不知道的规矩。
So you get a little puppy, he comes -- his only crime is he grew. 如果你有一只小狗,它奔向你 —— 它唯一的错就是它长大了。
When he was a little puppy, he puts his paws on your leg -- you know, isn't that nice? 当它还是个小狗的时候,它把爪子放到你腿上, 你感觉很好吧？
paws:n.(动物的)爪; v.(不断地)挠,抓; (paw的第三人称单数和复数)
And you go, "Oh, there's a good boy." 你会说:“哦,好孩子。”
You bend down, you pat him -- you reward him for jumping up. 你弯下腰,轻轻拍它,作为对它跳跃的一种奖励。
pat:v.合适; n.拍打; adj.过于简易的; v.(喜爱地)轻拍;
His one mistake is he's a Tibetan mastiff , and a few months later he weighs, you know, 80 pounds. 它的错误在于它是一只藏獒,几个月后, 它的体重增加到80磅（约73斤）。
Tibetan:adj.西藏的;藏族的;n.西藏人;藏语; mastiff:n.[脊椎]獒,大驯犬;
Every time he jumps up, he gets all sorts of abuse . 每次它跳起来,它都会受到责骂。
abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂;
I mean, it is really very, very scary the abuse that dogs get. 对狗来说遭受到这些责骂是非常非常可怕的。
So, this whole dominance issue -- number one, what we get in dog training is this Mickey-Mouse interpretation of a very complicated social system. 有关（人对狗的）控制的问题, 我们对狗的训练是把（对狗来说）非常复杂的社会性系统 当作米老鼠动画一样来草草对待。
dominance:n.优势;统治;支配; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; Mickey-Mouse:[口语][电影,电视];(在动画片等中)为动作配上背景音乐; interpretation:n.解释;翻译;演出; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
And they take this stuff seriously. 但是狗们把这个看的非常重要。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
Male dogs are very serious about a hierarchy , because it prevents physical fights. 公狗非常重视等级, 因为可以避免争斗。
hierarchy:n.层级;等级制度; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
Of course, female dogs -- bitches -- on the other hand , have several bitch amendments to male hierarchical rule. 当然,另一方面,和母狗们 之间的规则是在公狗的等级制度之外的。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; bitches:n.泼妇;母狗;难办的事;v.挖苦;(背后)说坏话;(bitch的第三人称单数和复数) on the other hand:另一方面; amendments:n.修正(amendment的复数);修正案; hierarchical:adj.分层的;等级体系的;
The number one is, "I have it, you don't." 第一原则是:“我有,你没有”,
And what you will find is, a very, very low-ranking bitch will quite easily keep a bone away from a high-ranking male. 你会发现,一只非常非常低等级的母狗 能叼着一块骨头,不让高等级公狗拿到。
low-ranking:n.低级; high-ranking:adj.职位高的;阶级高的;
So, we get in dog training this notion of dominances, or of the alpha dog -- I'm sure that you've heard this. 所以,我们在狗的训练中引入这个等级概念, 或者说阿尔法狗（头号狗）,你一定听说过。
notion:n.观念;信念;理解; alpha:n.希腊字母表的第1个字母;
Dogs get so abused . 狗被如此虐待。
abused:v.滥用(以致危害健康); (abuse的过去分词和过去式)
Dogs, horses, and humans -- these are the three species which are so abused in life. 狗,马和人 —— 这是三个受虐物种。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
And the reason is, built into their behavior is to always come back and apologize. 原因是在于他们的天生的行为习惯就是 永远会回头来道歉。
Like, "Oh, I'm sorry you had to beat me, I'm really sorry, yes, it's my fault." 比如:“哦,抱歉你还得打我,真的很抱歉,这是我的错。”
They are just so beatable . 他们这么经打,
beatable:adj.可打的;可击的;经打的(beat的变形);
And that's why they get beaten. 这就是他们挨打的原因。
The poor puppy jumps up, you open the dog book, what does it say? 可怜的小狗跳起来,你打开关于狗的书,看看书里说什么呐？
'"Hold his front paws, squeeze his front paws, stamp on his hind feet, squirt him in the face with lemon juice , hit him on the head with a rolled-up newspaper, knee him in the chest, flip him over backwards." “抓住它的前爪,使劲捏它的前爪。 踩住它的后腿,朝它脸上洒柠檬汁, 用报纸卷打它的头, 用膝盖压住它的胸部,使它做后转翻。”
squeeze:v.挤;紧握;勒索;压榨;n.压榨;紧握;拥挤;佣金; hind:adj.后部的;n.雌鹿; squirt:v.(使)喷射;喷;n.喷射出的一股液体;小矮子;小屁孩; lemon juice:柠檬汁; rolled-up:adj.卷起的; flip:n.浏览;空翻;轻抛;捻掷;v.迅速翻动;按(开关);按(按钮);开(或关)(机器等);
Because he grew? 就是因为它长大了？
And because he's performing a behavior you've trained him to do? 是因为它正在做一个你已经训练过它的动作？
performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
This is insanity . 这真是不讲理。
insanity:n.疯狂;精神错乱;精神病;愚顽;
I ask owners, "Well, how would you like the dog to greet you?" 我问狗的主人:“你希望这只狗怎么欢迎你（回家）？”
And people say, "Well, I don't know, to sit, I guess." 他说:“我不知道,我想应该是坐下吧”。
I said, "Let's teach him to sit." 我说:“那让我们教它坐下。”
And then we give him a reason for sitting. 然后我们给它一个坐下的理由。
Because the first stage is basically teaching a dog ESL. 因为第一阶段, 是教给狗它的第二语言。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
I could speak to you and say, "Laytay-chai, paisey, paisey." 我可以对你说:“Laytay-chai, paisey, paisey ”（斯瓦希里语言）,
Go on, something should happen now. （然后期待）接下来,应该有些反应。
Why aren't you responding ? Oh, you don't speak Swahili. 你为什么没有反应？哦,你不懂斯瓦希里语。
responding:v.响应;作出反应;反应灵敏;(respond的现在分词)
Well, I've got news for you. 好吧,那我告诉你,
The dog doesn't speak English, or American, or Spanish, or French. 狗也不懂什么英语,美语,西班牙语或者法语。
So the first stage in training is to teach the dog ESL -- 所以培训第一阶段是让狗学习“第二语言” ——
English as a second language . 英语就是它的第二语言。
second language:n.第二语言;
And that's how we use the food lure in the hand, and we use food because we're dealing with owners. 这就关系到我们怎么用手里的食物来引导。 我们用食物因为我们和狗主人打交道。
lure:n.诱惑;饵;诱惑物;v诱惑;引诱;
My wife doesn't need food -- she's a great trainer, much better than I am. 我妻子不需要食物,她是个好的训狗师, 比我好多了。
I don't need food, but the average owner says, "Puppy, sit." 我不需要食物。但是一般水平的狗主人说, “狗狗,坐下。”
Or they go, "Sit, sit, sit." 或者一边说:“坐下,坐下,坐下。”
They're making a hand signal in front of the dog's rectum for some reason, like the dog has a third eye there -- it's insane . 同时他们在狗屁股前用手势大打出信号 好像狗那里有第三只眼睛,这没用。
rectum:n.直肠; insane:adj.疯狂的;精神病的;极愚蠢的;
You know, "Sit, sit." （光说）“坐下,坐下”没用。
No, we go, "Puppy, sit" -- boom , it's got it in six to 10 trials. 我们说 “狗狗,坐”,（然后给点吃的,） 狗狗6-10次之后就学会了。
boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的;
Then we phase out the food as a lure, and now the dog knows that "sit" means sit, and you can actually communicate to a dog in a perfectly-constructed English sentence. 然后我们再逐步取消食物的引导。 现在狗知道了,“坐下”的意思是坐下。 你甚至可以用完美的英语句子 跟狗沟通。
phase out:逐步淘汰;停止;
'" Phoenix , come here, take this, and go to Jamie, please." “Phoenix,过来这儿,请把这个拿过去给Jamie。”
Phoenix:n.凤凰;死而复生的人;
And I've taught her "Phoenix," "come here," "take this," "go to," 如果我已经教会了它“Phoenix”（狗的名字）, 过来 , 拿这个 , 去”,
and the name of my son, "Jamie." 以及我儿子的名字“Jamie”,
And the dog can take a note, and I've got my own little search-and-rescue dog. 狗会记住这些, 它能成为我的小搜救犬。
He'll find Jamie wherever he is, you know, wherever kids are, crushing rocks by a stream or something, and take him a little message that says, "Hey, dinner's ready. Come in for dinner." 它可以找到Jamie,不论Jamie在哪里, 不论孩子是在溪边玩石头还是什么的, 还能带信息给他,比如 “嘿,晚饭好了,进来吃饭了”之类的。
crushing:adj.惨重的,毁坏性的;v.压碎;压坏;压伤;挤压变形;(crush的现在分词) Come in for:受到;接受;得到;
So, at this point, the dog knows what we want it to do. 所以,在这个角度上,狗能理解我们想要它做什么。
Will it do it? （问题是）它愿意做么？
Not necessarily , no. 不一定。
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
As I said , if he's in the park and there's a rear-end to sniff, why come to the owner? 像我前面说的,如果它在公园里,有其他的狗屁股可以嗅, 它为什么要到主人这里来？
As I said:正如我所说的
The dog lives with you, the dog can get you any time, the dog can sniff your butt , if you like, when he wants to. 狗跟你住在一起,它随时可以来找你。 如果你愿意,狗想嗅你的时候也可以嗅你的屁股。
butt:n.屁股;烟头;笑柄;靶垛;粗大的一端;v.以头抵撞;碰撞;
At the moment, he's in the park, and you are competing with smells, and other dogs, and squirrels. 在这一刻,它在公园里,而你在和 其他气味,其他狗,和松鼠们竞争。（你肯定赢不了。）
competing:adj.相互冲突的;相互矛盾的;v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛;(compete的现在分词)
So the second stage in training is to teach the dog to want to do what we want him to do, and this is very easy. 所以训练第二阶段就是教给狗去自愿地做 那些我们想要它去做的事情。这其实很简单。
We use the Premack principle . 我们采用普雷马克原理（用喜欢的行为作为不喜欢的行为,来有效地强化原本不喜欢的行为）。
principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉;
Basically, we follow a low-frequency behavior -- one the dog doesn't want to do -- by a high-frequency behavior, commonly known as a "behavior problem," 简单说,当狗作一个一个低频行为 —— 一个狗通常不会做的行为 —— 我们马上让它作一个高频行为,通常被称做“行为问题”
low-frequency:adj.低频的;低周波的; high-frequency:adj.高频率的;高周波的;
or a "dog hobby" -- something the dog does like to do. 或者“狗的爱好” --狗确实喜欢做的事情。
That will then become a reward for the lower-frequency behavior. 这是让狗做这个低频行为的奖励。
So we go, "sit," on the couch , "sit," tummy-rub, "sit," 比如说（我们让它）“坐”,（它照作了,就可以允许它）到沙发上来;“坐”,它照作了,就可以）挠挠它的肚皮;“坐”,
couch:n.睡椅,长沙发;床;卧榻;v.蹲伏,埋伏;躺着;
look, I throw a tennis ball, "sit," say hello to that other dog. （它照作了,就可以）让一个球给它;“坐”, （它照作了,就可以）让它跟其它狗打个招呼。
Yes, we put "sniff butt" on queue . 是的,我们把让狗“嗅屁股”也作为一个奖励。
queue:n.行列;(存储的数据)队列;v.(人、车等)排队等候;(使)排队;列队等待;
'"Sit," sniff butt. “坐”,（它照作了,就可以跑去） 嗅屁股。
So now all of these distractions that worked against training now become rewards that work for training. 所有这些跟我们训练目标相反的,分散狗注意力的事情 都成为了对狗训练中的奖励。
distractions:n.分心,干扰;分散注意力的事;娱乐;消遣;(distraction的复数) rewards:n.[劳经]奖励; v.[劳经]奖赏;
And what we're doing, in essence , is we're teaching the dog, kind of like -- 我们现在做的,本质上说,是在教狗,也有点像 ——
in essence:本质上;其实;大体上;
- we're letting the dog think that the dog is training us. 我们让狗认为,狗在训练我们。
And I can imagine this dog, you know, speaking through the fence to, say, an Akita, saying, "Wow, my owners, they are so incredibly easy to train. 我能想象的出,这只狗, 透过围栏给它的Akita狗朋友（日本秋田犬）说, “哇,训练我的主人太容易了！
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
They're like Golden Retrievers . 他们就像金毛寻猎犬。
Retrievers:猎犬(retriever的名词复数);
All I have to do is sit, and they do everything. 我只需要坐下来,他们就会（为我）做事情。
They open doors, they drive my car, they massage me, they will throw tennis balls, they will cook for me and serve the food. 他们（为我）开门,开车带我出去,给我做按摩, 他们会扔网球给我, 他们会给我做饭,然后还把食物端过来。
massage:v.按摩;推拿;用…揉擦(皮肤,头发等);美化(事实);n.按摩;
It's like, if I just sit, that's my command. 就像这样,我只要一坐下,我就在发号施令了。
Then I have my own personal doorman , chauffeur , masseuse , chef and waiter." 然后,我就有了私人门卫, 私人司机,按摩师,厨师和侍者。”
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; doorman:n.看门人; chauffeur:n.司机;vt.为开车;当…司机 masseuse:n.女按摩师;
And now the dog's really happy. 现在狗也真的很开心。
And this, to me, is always what training is. 这就是我说的训练。
So we really motivate the dog to want to do it, such that the need for punishment seldom comes up. 我们在激励狗去做想做的, 这样就不怎么需要惩罚。
motivate:v.激励;激发;成为…的动机;是…的原因; punishment:n.惩罚;严厉对待,虐待;
Now we move to phase three, when now -- there's times, you know, when Daddy knows best. 现在我们开始第三阶段, 总会有些时候（你希望狗无条件地服从）,你明白,那种“爸爸最知道”的时候。（美俚,意思是别问为什么,照我说的做就对了。）
And I have a little sign on my fridge, and it says, "Because I'm the Daddy, that's why." 我的冰箱上有个小标签写着: “因为我是老爸,这就是原因。”
Sorry, no more explanation -- "I'm the daddy, you're not, sit." 抱歉,不做过多解释 —— “我是老爸,你不是,坐下。”
And there's times -- for example, if my son's friends leave the door open , the dogs have to know you don't step across this line. 或者有些时候 —— 比如 我儿子的朋友没有随手关门, 狗必须知道“你不能跨出门去”。
leave the door open:让门一直开着;让协商之门敞开;
This is a life-or-death thing. 这是生死攸关的事情。
life-or-death:adj.生死攸关的;
You leave this, the sanctity of your house, and you could be hit on the street. 你离了这不可侵犯的房子, 你在大街上可能被车撞。
sanctity:n.圣洁;尊严;神圣不可侵犯性;
So some things we have to let the dog know, "You mustn't do this." 所以有些事情我们必须让狗知道, “你绝对不能这么做。”
And so we have to enforce , but without force. 所以我们必须强迫,但是不能用暴力。
enforce:v.强制执行;强迫;迫使;
People here get very confused about what a punishment is. 人们对什么是惩罚很糊涂。
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
They think a punishment is something nasty . 他们认为惩罚必须非常暴力。
nasty:adj.极差的:令人厌恶的:不友好的:n.令人不愉快的事物:
I bet a lot of you do, right? 我打赌你也是这样想的,对吗？
You think it's something painful , or scary, or nasty. 你认为惩罚是痛苦的,可怕的或者暴力的。
painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
It doesn't have to be. 其实不一定。
There's several definitions of what a punishment is, but one definition, the most popular, is -- 惩罚有几种定义, 但是最常见的一种定义是,
definitions:n.[数]定义(definition的复数形式);
A punishment is a stimulus that reduces the immediately-preceding behavior, such that it's less likely to occur in the future. 惩罚是能减少前面刚刚发生的行为的一种刺激, 使得未来减少这种行为发生的可能性。
stimulus:n.刺激;激励;刺激物; occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;
It does not have to be nasty, scary or painful. 惩罚不一定是暴力的,令人害怕的或者痛苦的。
And I would say, if it doesn't have to be, then maybe it shouldn't be. 要我说,如果惩罚不是一定要这样,那么惩罚就不应该是这样。
I was working with a very dangerous dog about a year ago -- and this was a dog that put both his owners in hospital, plus the brother-in-law , plus the child. 一年前我曾经接触过一只非常危险的狗—— 这只狗把它的两个主人“送”进了医院, 还伤了主人的姐夫和孩子。
brother-in-law:n.姐夫;妹夫;内弟;内兄;小叔;大伯;
And I only agreed to work with it if they promised it would stay in their house, and they never took it outside. 狗主人保证让它只呆在他们的房子里,不会带出来, 我才答应训练这只狗。
The dog is actually euthanized now, but this was a dog I worked with for a while . 这只狗现在已经被安乐死了, 但是我曾经训练这只狗相当一段时间。
euthanized:vt.使安乐死;对…施无痛致死术(等于euthanatize); for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时;
A lot of the aggression happened around the kitchen, so while I was there -- this was on the fourth visit -- we did a four and a half hour down-stay, with the dog on his mat. 在厨房里这只狗常表现出很多攻击性行为。 所以当我在那里的时候-那是我第四次去拜访- 我们整整四个半小时坐着不动,狗就坐在（厨房里）它的垫子上。
aggression:n.侵略;侵犯;攻击性;好斗情绪;
And he was kept there by the owner's calm insistence . 狗主人命令狗保持不能动,
insistence:n.坚持,强调;坚决主张;
When the dog would try to leave the mat, she would say, " Rover , on the mat, on the mat, on the mat." 每当狗试图离开垫子, 她就说:“Rover,呆在垫子上,呆在垫子上,呆在垫子上。”
Rover:n.漫游者; n.(Rover)人名; n.罗孚(汽车品牌);
The dog broke his down-stay 22 times in four and a half hours while she cooked dinner, because we had a lot of aggression related towards food. 她做晚饭的时候,在这4个半小时里,狗曾22次打破“坐等”的命令。 因为它对食物一直有“攻击性行为”。
The breaks got fewer and fewer. （当我们训练时）狗违背命令次数越来越少,
You see, the punishment was working. 你看,惩罚正在发挥作用。
The behavior problem was going away. 行为问题已经不见了。
She never raised her voice. 她并没有提高嗓门。
If she did, she would have got bitten. 如果她大声命令,狗就可能咬她。
It's not a good dog you shout at. 这并不是一个你可以朝它大喊的好狗。
And a lot of my friends train really neat animals -- grizzly bears, if you've ever seen a grizzly bear on the telly or in film, then it's a friend of mine who's trained it. 我很多朋友训练过很好的狗— 比如灰熊,如果你曾经在电视或电影看到过灰熊, 它是我一个朋友训练的。
neat:adj.整洁的;整齐的;有序的;有条理的; grizzly bear:n.[动]灰熊; telly:n.电视机;电视节目;
Killer whales -- I love it because it wires you up. 虎鲸—我爱极了它。
How are you going to reprimand a grizzly bear? 你准备怎样去惩戒一只灰熊？
reprimand:n.谴责;训斥;申诉;vt.谴责;训斥;责难;
'"Bad bear, bad bear!" Voom! “坏熊,坏熊！”轰！
Your head now is 100 yards away, sailing through the air, OK? 你的头颅,划过长空,落在百米开外,对吧？
This is crazy. 这是疯狂的。
So, where do we go from here? 那么,我们怎么办？
We want a better way. 我们想要一个更好的方法。
Dogs deserve better. 我们应该对狗们更好些。
deserve:vi.应受,应得;
But for me, the reason for this actually has to do with dogs, it has to do with watching people train puppies , and realizing they have horrendous interaction skills, horrendous relationship skills. 但是对我来说,这么做是为了狗。 这是在驯狗课上看人们训练小狗时, 在意识到它们和主人间不得了的互动能力, 和主人间不得了的亲密联系时有感而生的。
puppies:n.小狗(puppy的复数); horrendous:adj.可怕的;惊人的; interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;
Not just with their puppy, but with the rest of the family at class. 狗不光是和主人（有这种互动和亲密联系）,和主人的家庭成员也一样（有）。
I mean, my all-time classic is another "come here" one. 我的意思是,我常用的的是另一种意义上的“过来”的命令。
all-time:adj.空前的;全部时间的;历来的; classic:n.名著;优秀的典范;adj.最优秀的;第一流的;有代表性的;典型的;
You see someone in the park -- and I'll cover my mic when I say this, because I don't want to wake you up -- and there's the owner in the park, and their dog's over here, and they say, "Rover, come here. 你看到公园里某个狗的主人-我会掩上我的麦克风说, 因为我不想惊扰你 -- 主人在公园里 他们的狗在那边,他们喊:“Rover, 过来,
Rover, come here. Rover, come here, you son of a bitch ." Rover 过来,Rover 过来,你个狗娘养的。”
son of a bitch:婊子养的,极坏的人;讨厌的工作;
The dog says, "I don't think so." 而狗说:“我不这么认为。”
(Laughter) （笑）
I mean, who in their right mind would think that a dog would want to approach them when they're screaming like that? 我的意思是,哪些正常人 会认为当他们那样怒吼时 狗会愿意接近他们？
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
Instead, the dog says, "I know that tone , I know that tone. 相反的,狗会说:“我知道那个语调,我知道那个语调。
tone:n.语气:风格:特色:声音信号:v.使更结实:与…协调:
Previously when I've approached , I've got punished there." 上次（他用那个语调）而我过去的时候,我受到了惩罚。” （所以狗就更加不愿意过来。）
Previously:adv.先前;以前; approached:v.走近;临近;探讨;建议;(approach的过去分词和过去式)
I was walking onto a plane -- this, for me, was a pivotal moment in my career , and it really cemented what I wanted to do with this whole puppy-training thing -- （这对于人类之间的关系也适用。）有一回我正在登机 —— 对我来说,那是我职业生涯的重要时刻, 因为那一刻我决定了在驯狗这件事上 我的宗旨 ——
pivotal:adj.关键的;中枢的;枢轴的;n.关键事物;中心事物; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; cemented:adj.渗碳的;注水泥的;粘合的;v.巩固;接合;粘合(cement的过去分词形式);
the notion of how to teach puppies in a dog-friendly way to want to do what we want to do, so we don't have to force them. 这个“如何用友善的方式来训练狗做我们希望的事”的概念, 这样我们就不需要强迫狗。
You know, I puppy-train my child. 你知道,我用驯狗的方式“驯”我的孩子。
And the seminal moment was, I was getting on a plane in Dallas , and in row two was a father, I presume , and a young boy about five, kicking the back of the chair. 在那个开创性的时刻,我在飞往达拉斯的飞机上, 在第二排坐着一位父亲,和一个大约五岁的男孩, 男孩踢椅子背,
seminal:adj.种子的;精液的;生殖的; Dallas:n.达拉斯(美国城市); presume:v.假定;推测;擅自;意味着;
'"Johnny, don't do that." （那个父亲说:）“Jonny,不要这样。”
Kick, kick, kick. (孩子还是）踢,踢,踢。
'"Johnny, don't do that." Kick, kick, kick. “Jonny,不许踢。”（孩子还是）踢,踢,踢。
I'm standing right here with my bag. 我就带着我的行李站在那里。
The father leans over, grabs him like this and gives him ugly-face. 那个父亲俯下身,这样抓住男孩,面色难看。
leans:n.倾斜;倾斜错觉(lean的复数);v.倚靠(lean的第三人称单数形式); grabs:n.链钩(grab的复数);v.抓取;捕获(grab的第三人称单数);
And ugly-face is this -- when you go face-to-face with a puppy or a child, you say, "What are you doing! Now stop it, stop it, stop it!" 脸色难看是这样的 —— 当你和一只狗或者一个孩子面对面, 你说:“你在干什么！现在就停下来,停,停！”
face-to-face:adj.面对面的;当面的;adv.面对面地;
And I went, "Oh my God, do I do something?" 然后我走过去:“哦,天呢,我能做点什么？”
That child has lost everything -- that one of the two people he can trust in this world has absolutely pulled the rug from under his feet. 那个男孩已经懵了—— 这个世界上他能信任的两人中之一（指他父亲） 已经彻底”抛弃“他了。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; rug:n.小地毯;垫子;(盖腿的)厚毯子;v.用厚毯包;
And I thought, "Do I tell this jerk to quit it?" 我在想:“我要告诉这个蠢人不要这样做吗？”
jerk:v.猛拉;n.混蛋;突然而剧烈的动作;adj.卤的; quit:v.离开;放弃;停止;使…解除;n.离开;[计]退出;adj.摆脱了…的;已经了结的;
I thought, "Ian, stay out of it, stay out of it, you know, walk on." 我想:“甭管了,不管了,走吧。”
I walked to the back of the plane 我走到飞机后舱,
I sat down, and a thought came to me. 我坐下来,忽然想到,
If that had been a dog, I would have laid him out. 如果刚才那个场面是对一只狗,我会去把他撂倒。
(Laughter) （笑）
If he had kicked a dog, I would have punched him out. 如果他踢了一只狗,我会给他一拳。
punched:v.拳打;以拳痛击;给…打孔;按(键);(punch的过去分词和过去式)
He kicked a child, grabs the child like this and I let it go. 他吓了一个孩子,这样抓住孩子,我却放任不管。
And this is what it's all about. 这就是我想说的。
These relationship skills are so easy. 这些人际关系的技巧非常简单。（对狗和人都一样。）
I mean, we as humans, our shallowness when we choose a life-mate based on the three Cs -- coat color, conformation , cuteness . 我们作为人,我们寻找人生伴侣是浅薄的,就基于三点, 肤色,体型和外貌。
shallowness:n.浅;肤浅; conformation:n.构造;一致,符合;构象; cuteness:n.娇小可爱;
You know, kind of like a little robot. 你看,有点像小机器人。
This is how we go into a relationship, and it's hunky-dory for a year. 我们就这样开始了我们的爱情,很棒的过了大概一年,
hunky-dory:adj.了不起的;极好的;最高的;
And then a little behavior problem comes up. 接下来行为问题就出现了。
No different from the dog barking . 跟狗长大了开始叫没什么不同。
barking:v.(狗)吠叫;厉声发令;厉声质问;(bark的现在分词)
The husband won't clear up his clothes, or the wife's always late for meetings, whatever it is, OK? 丈夫不清理衣物, 妻子约会总迟到,诸如此类的,对吧？
And it then starts, and we get into this thing, and our personal feedback -- there's two things about it. 这就开始啦,我们就开始（有反应）了, 我们主观的个人反馈 —— 这个问题有两方面。
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈;
When you watch people interacting with animals or other people, there is very little feedback, it's too infrequent . 当你观察人和狗或者人和人之间的互动, 一个是太少反馈,太少了。
interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词) infrequent:adj.罕见的;稀少的;珍贵的;不频发的;
And when it happens, it's bad, it's nasty. （第二个是）当一旦有反馈时,（这些反馈又是）非常糟糕的,非常暴力的。
You see, it's especially in families, especially with spouses , especially with children, especially with parents. 尤其是发生在家庭中,发生在配偶之间, 发生在孩子和父母之间。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; spouses:配偶;
You see it especially in the workplace , especially from boss to employee. 在工作场合你也能看到这种情况, 特别是老板对待员工。
workplace:n.工作场所;车间;
It's as if there's some schadenfreude there -- that we actually take delight in people getting things wrong, so that we can then moan and groan and bitch at them. 说起来有点幸灾乐祸的味道 —— 我们实际上以别人犯错为乐, 这样我们才能悲叹,抱怨和辱骂他们。
schadenfreude:n.幸灾乐祸; take delight in:乐于; moan:v.呻吟;抱怨;呼啸;n.呻吟声;抱怨;呼啸声; groan:vi.呻吟;抱怨;发吱嘎声;vt.呻吟;抱怨;n.呻吟;叹息;吱嘎声;
And this, I would say, is the biggest human foible that we have. 这个,依我看,是我们人类最大的弱点。
foible:n.弱点;小缺点;癖好;
It really is. 真的是这样。
We take the good for granted , and we moan and groan at the bad. 我们认为好的是理所当然,悲叹和抱怨不好的。
granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式)
And I think this whole notion of these skills should be taught -- you know, calculus is wonderful. 我认为这个（奖励好的行为的）概念,这个处理所有人际关系的技巧,应该（在学校里）教 —— 当然,（通常在学校里教的那些课,比如）微积分是非常棒的。
calculus:n.[病理]结石;微积分学;
When I was a kid, I was a calculus whiz . 我是个算数神童。
whiz:n.飕飕声;奇才;vi.飕飕作声;vt.使飕飕作声;
I don't understand a thing about it now, but I could do it as a kid. 我现在不行了,但是我小时候可以做得很好。
Geometry , fantastic , you know, quantum mechanics -- these are cool things. （再比如）几何,棒极了,量子力学 —— 这些都很酷。
Geometry:n.几何学;几何结构; fantastic:奇异的,空想的 quantum mechanics:n.量子力学;
But they don't save marriages and they don't raise children. 但是这些课不能（帮你）挽救婚姻,不能培养孩子。
And my look to the future is, and what I want to do with this doggy stuff, is to teach people that you know, your husband's just as easy to train. 我对未来的展望是, 我想做的整个“狗事情”就是要告诉大家, 驯夫其实很容易。
doggy:n.(儿语)小狗,汪汪,狗狗;adj.狗的;像狗一样的
Probably easier -- if you got a Rotty, much easier to train. 可能更容易些 —— 要是你有一只狗像Rotty（上面提到的难驯的狗）那样,（你的丈夫）驯起来要容易得多。
Your kids are easy to train. 你的孩子们也容易驯。
All you've got to do is to watch them, to time-sample the behavior, and say, every five minutes, you ask the question, "Is it good, or is it bad?" 你所要做的就是观察他们, 定时观察（他们的）行为,比如,每隔五分钟, 你问自己:“（他们的表现）是好, 还是坏？”
If it's good, say, "That was really neat, thank you." 如果他们表现好,你就（对他们）说:“（你做的）非常好,谢谢。”
That is such a powerful training technique . 这是一个非常强大的训练技巧。
technique:n.技巧,技术;手法;
This should be taught in schools. 我们应该在学校里教（学生这个技巧）。
Relationships -- how do you negotiate ? 人际关系 —— 你如何沟通？
negotiate:v.谈判,商议;转让;越过;
How you do negotiate with your friend who wants your toy? 你该如何跟一个想要你的玩具的朋友沟通？
You know, how to prepare you for your first relationship? 你该怎么准备你的第一段感情？
How on earth about raising children? 究竟应该如何抚养孩子？
We think how we do it -- one night in bed, we're pregnant , and then we're raising the most important thing in life -- a child. 我们觉得我们知道怎么做 —— 结果有一晚上, 我们怀孕了, 然后我们就要抚养生命中最重要的东西 —— 孩子。
pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的;
No, this is what should be taught -- the good living, the good habits, which are just as hard to break as bad habits. 这种（用奖励来加强好的习惯的）沟通技巧大家都应该学 —— 好的生活方式,好的习惯, 就像坏习惯一样难以改变。
So, that would be my wish to the future. 这,就是我对未来的希望。
Ah, damn, I wanted to end exactly on time, but I got eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two -- so thank you very much, that's my talk, thank you. 啊,见鬼,我想要准时结束（我的演讲）。 但我还有8秒,7,6,5,4,3,2 —— 谢谢大家,我的演讲到此结束,谢谢。
(Applause) 掌声。