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HowardStevenson_2017P-_如何解决种族压力很高的情况_
There's an African proverb that goes, "The lion's story will never be known as long as the hunter is the one to tell it." 有句非洲諺語說: 「只要說故事的人是獵人, 獅子的故事就永遠不會被知道。」
proverb:n.谚语,格言;众所周知的人或事; as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
More than a racial conversation, we need a racial literacy to decode the politics of racial threat in America. 比起種族談話, 我們更需要種族知識, 才能理解美國種族威脅的政治。
racial:adj.种族的;人种的; literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学; decode:vt.[计][通信]译码,解码;vi.从事破译工作; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
Key to this literacy is a forgotten truth, that the more we understand that our cultural differences represent the power to heal the centuries of racial discrimination , dehumanization and illness. 種族知識的關鍵是 一個被遺忘的事實: 我們越是了解 我們的文化差異代表著一種力量, 它能治癒數個世紀以來的種族歧視、 去人性化,以及病症。
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送; heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束 discrimination:n.歧视;区别,辨别;识别力; dehumanization:n.非人化;灭绝人性;人性丧失;
Both of my parents were African-American . 我的雙親都是非裔美國人。
African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人);
My father was born in Southern Delaware , my mother, North Philadelphia , and these two places are as different from each other as east is from west, as New York City is from Montgomery, Alabama . 我父親出生於南達拉威, 我母親出生於北費城, 這兩個地方的差異 可說是南轅北轍,
Delaware:n.特拉华州(位于美国东部); Philadelphia:n.费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市); Alabama:n.阿拉巴马州(美国州名);
My father's way of dealing with racial conflict was to have my brother Bryan, my sister Christy and I in church what seemed like 24 hours a day, seven days a week. 我父親處理種族矛盾的方式 就是讓我弟弟布萊恩、 我妹妹克莉斯蒂,和我 一週七天,一天二十四 小時都待在教堂裡。
conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
If anybody bothered us because of the color of our skin, he believed that you should pray for them, knowing that God would get them back in the end. 如果有任何人因為 我們的膚色而騷擾我們, 他認為你應該要為他們禱告, 因為你知道上帝最終會給他們報應。
bothered:adj.烦(恼)的; v.使(某人)烦恼;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
You could say that his racial-coping approach was spiritual -- for later on, one day, like Martin Luther King. 你可以說他處理種族 問題的方式很靈性－－ 要等到後來,等到有一天, 就像金恩博士。
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的;
My mother's coping approach was a little different. 我母親的處理方式有點不同。
coping:n.墙压顶;v.(成功地)对付,处理;(cope的现在分词)
She was, uh, you could say, more relational -- right now, like, in your face , right now. 她…呃,可以說是比較關係式的－－ 現在就做,當著你的面, 現在就做。
relational:adj.相关的;亲属的; in your face:挑衅;咄咄逼人的;
More like Malcolm X. 比較像麥爾坎Ｘ。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
She was raised from neighborhoods in which there was racial violence and segregation , where she was chased out of neighborhoods, and she exacted violence to chase others out of hers. 她成長的街坊 有著種族暴力與種族隔離, 她會被趕出別人的街坊, 而她會採用暴力 把他人趕出她的街坊。
violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; segregation:n.隔离,分离;种族隔离;
When she came to Southern Delaware, she thought she had come to a foreign country. 當她來到南達拉威時, 她以為她到了國外。
She didn't understand anybody, particularly the few black and brown folks who were physically deferential and verbally deferential in the presence of whites. 她無法理解任何人, 尤其是少數幾個黑人和棕皮膚的人, 在身體上和言語上都會對白人 特別恭敬。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; deferential:adj.恭敬的;惯于顺从的; verbally:adv.口头地,非书面地;用言辞地; in the presence of:在…面前;有某人在场;
Not my mother. 我母親不會。
When she wanted to go somewhere, she walked. 當她想去某個地方,她就去。
She didn't care what you thought. 她不在乎你怎麼想。
And she pissed a lot of people off with her cultural style. 而她的文化風格也惹惱了很多人。
pissed:adj.烂醉的;怒冲冲的;v.撒尿;(piss的过去分词和过去式)
Before we get into the supermarket, she would give us the talk: "Don't ask for nothin', don't touch nothin'. 在我們進入超市之前, 她會這樣對我們說: 「不要要求任何東西, 不要碰任何東西。
Do you understand what I'm saying to you? 你們知道我在說什麼嗎？
I don't care if all the other children are climbing the walls. 我不管其他小孩是不是在爬牆。
They're not my children. 他們不是我的孩子。
Do you understand what I'm saying to you?" 你們了解我在說什麼嗎？」
In three-part harmony : "Yes, Mom." 我們三人會一致回答: 「了解,母親。」
harmony:n.协调;和睦;融洽;调和;
Before we'd get into the supermarket, that talk was all we needed. 在我們進入超市之前, 我們需要的就只有這段談話。
Now, how many of you ever got that talk? 在座有多少人接受過這種談話？
How many of you ever give that talk? 有多少人曾經給過這種談話？
(Laughter) （笑聲）
How many of you ever give that talk today? 有多少人今天給過這種談話？
My mother didn't give us the talk because she was worried about money or reputation or us misbehaving . 我母親這樣對我們說, 並不是因為擔心錢、 名譽,或 我們有不當行為。
misbehaving:v.行为不端;(misbehave的现在分词)
We never misbehaved . 我們從來沒有不當行為。
misbehaved:adj.不规矩的;行为不正当的;v.行为不端(misbehave的过去式);
We were too scared. 我們太害怕了。
We were in church 24 hours a day, seven days a week. 我們一天二十四小時, 一週七天都在教堂裡。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
She gave us that talk to remind us that some people in the world would interpret us as misbehaving just by being black. 她對我們說那番話,是要提醒我們 世界上有些人會認為我們行為不當, 只因為我們是黑人。
remind:v.提醒;使想起; interpret:v.诠释;说明;口译;把…理解为;
Not every parent has to worry about their children being misjudged because of the color of their skin, just by breathing. 不是所有家長都要擔心 他們的小孩因為膚色, 連只是呼吸都會被錯誤評斷。
misjudged:v.形成错误认识;错看;判断错误;(misjudge的过去分词和过去式)
So we get into the supermarket, and people look at us -- stare at us as if we just stole something. 所以,我們進入了超市, 大家看著我們－－ 好像我們偷了東西似的盯著我們。
stare:v.凝视;盯着看;注视;n.凝视;
Every now and then , a salesperson would do something or say something because they were pissed with our cultural style, and it would usually happen at the conveyor belt . 偶爾,店員會做些什麼或說些什麼, 因為他們被我們的文化風格給惹惱, 通常會發生在傳輸帶結帳台時。
Every now and then:不时地;常常; salesperson:n.售货员; conveyor:n.输送机,[机]传送机;传送带;运送者,传播者; belt:n.皮带;腰带;传动带;传送带;v.猛击;狠打;飞奔;飞驰;
And the worst thing they could do was to throw our food into the bag. 他們能做出最糟的事
And when that happened, it was on. 發生這種事時,好戲就上場了。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
My mother began to tell them who they were, who their family was, where to go, how fast to get there. 我母親會開始告訴他們他們是誰、 他們的家人是誰、 要去哪裡、 多快能到達那裡。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
If you haven't been cursed out by my mother, you haven't lived. 如果你沒被我母親罵過, 你就不算真正活過。
cursed:adj.被诅咒的;讨厌的;v.诅咒;咒骂;(curse的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑聲）
The person would be on the floor, writhing in utter decay and decomposition , whimpering in a pool of racial shame. 那個人就會趴在地上, 因為完全腐爛分解而扭曲, 在種族恥辱的池子中啜泣。
writhing:v.(常指因剧痛不停地)扭动,翻滚;(writhe的现在分词) utter:v.说;出声;讲;adj.完全的;十足的;彻底的; decay:v.(使)腐烂;破败;(力量、影响等)衰弱;n.腐烂;腐朽;衰退; decomposition:n.分解,腐烂;变质; whimpering:v.抽泣;呜咽;泣诉;抽搭着说;(whimper的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑聲）
Now, both my parents were Christians. 我的雙親都是基督徒。
The difference is my father prayed before a racial conflict and my mother prayed after. 差別在於,我父親會在 種族衝突發生之前禱告, 我母親是在之後才禱告。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
There is a time, if you use both of their strategies , if you use them in the right time and the right way. 有時候,若你用他們兩人的策略, 如果你在對的時間點 以對的方式用出來。
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
But it's never a time -- there's a time for conciliation , there's a time for confrontation , but it's never a time to freeze up like a deer in the headlights , and it's never a time to lash out in heedless , thoughtless anger. 但從來沒有時間－－ 有調解的時間, 有對立的時間, 但從來沒有像鹿在 車燈前呆住不動的時間, 從來沒有出於不留心、不經 大腦的憤怒而猛烈攻擊的時間。
conciliation:n.调解;安抚;说服; confrontation:n.对抗;面对;对质; headlights:n.(车辆的)前灯,前灯的光束;(headlight的复数) lash:v.鞭打;冲击;摆动;扎捆;煽动;讽刺;n.鞭打;睫毛;鞭子;责骂;讽刺; heedless:adj.不注意的;不留心的; thoughtless:adj.轻率的;欠考虑的;考虑不周的;不顾及他人的;
The lesson in this is that when it comes to race relations , sometimes, we've got to know how to pray, think through , process , prepare. 從中我們能學到的是, 談到種族關係時, 有時,我們得要知道如何禱告, 想清楚、處理、準備。
race relations:n.种族关系; think through:彻底地想清楚; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
And other times, we've got to know how to push, how to do something. 其他時候,我們得要如何推進, 如何做點什麼。
And I'm afraid that neither of these two skills -- preparing, pushing -- are prevalent in our society today. 我擔心的是,這兩種技巧－－ 準備, 推進－－ 在現今社會中都不普遍。
prevalent:adj.流行的;普遍的,广传的;
If you look at the neuroscience research which says that when we are racially threatened, our brains go on lockdown , and we dehumanize black and brown people. 如果你去看神經科學研究, 研究指出,當我們受到 種族方面的威脅時, 我們的大腦就會封鎖起來, 不會將黑人及棕色人種當人看待。
neuroscience:n.神经系统科学(指神经病学,神经化学等); racially:adv.人种上;按人种; lockdown:n.一级防范禁闭(期); dehumanize:vt.使成兽性;使失掉人性;
Our brains imagine that children and adults are older than they really are, larger than they really are and closer than they really are. 我們的大腦會想像,孩童和成人 比他們的實際年齡更老, 體型比實際更大, 也比實際更接近。
When we're at our worst, we convince ourselves that they don't deserve affection or protection. 我們最糟的時候,會說服自己, 他們不應該得到愛或是保護。
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; deserve:vi.应受,应得;
At the Racial Empowerment Collaborative , we know that some of the scariest moments are racial encounters , some of the scariest moments that people will ever face. 在「種族賦權合作社」, 我們知道,一些最駭人的時刻, 人會面臨到的一些最駭人的時刻。
Empowerment:n.许可,授权; Collaborative:adj.合作的,协作的; encounters:v.遭遇(encounter的第三人称单数);邂逅;n.遭遇战(encounter的复数);相见;
If you look at the police encounters that have led to some wrongful deaths of mostly Native Americans and African-Americans in this country, they've lasted about two minutes. 有些警察衝突造成誤殺,受害者通常 是這個國家中的 原住民和非裔美國人, 這類衝突都不到兩分鐘。
wrongful:adj.不正当的;不讲道理的;不合法的; Native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民;
Within 60 seconds, our brains go on lockdown. 在六十秒內, 我們的大腦會封鎖起來。
And when we're unprepared , we overreact . 當我們沒有準備時, 就會過度反應。
unprepared:adj.无准备的;即席的;尚未准备好的; overreact:vi.反应过度;反作用过强;
At best, we shut down. 最好的狀況是沒反應。
At worst, we shoot first and ask no questions. 最糟的狀況是不問問題就先開槍。
Imagine if we could reduce the intensity of threat within those 60 seconds and keep our brains from going on lockdown. 想像一下,若能減少那六十秒之內的 威脅強度, 避免我們的大腦被封鎖住。
intensity:n.强度;强烈;[电子]亮度;紧张;
Imagine how many children would get to come home from school or 7-Eleven without getting expelled or shot. 想像一下,有多少孩子 就能夠從學校回家, 或從 7-11 回家, 而不會被驅逐或射殺。
expelled:v.把…开除(或除名);驱逐出境;排出;喷出;(expel的过去分词和过去式)
Imagine how many mothers and fathers wouldn't have to cry. 想像一下,有多少 父母親就不用哭泣。
Racial socialization can help young people negotiate 60-second encounters, but it's going to take more than a chat. 種族社會化能夠協助年輕人 順利通過那六十秒的衝突遭遇, 但不可能只是透過聊聊天就能辦到。
socialization:n.社会化,社会主义化; negotiate:v.谈判,商议;转让;越过;
It requires a racial literacy. 需要的是種族知識。
Now, how do parents have these conversations, and what is a racial literacy? 父母親要如何進行這類談話？ 種族知識又是什麼？
Thank you for asking. 感謝發問。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
A racial literacy involves the ability to read, recast and resolve a racially stressful encounter. 種族知識涉及了 覺察能力、改換角色, 及解決在種族方面很有壓力的衝突。
involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数) recast:vt.重铸;彻底改动;n.重铸;重做的事物; resolve:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决; stressful:adj.紧张的;有压力的;
Reading involves recognizing when a racial moment happens and noticing our stress reactions to it. 覺察包括要能夠辨識出 種族時刻正在發生, 並注意到我們對它的壓力反應。
recognizing:v.认识;认出;承认;接受,赞成(recognize的现在分词) reactions:n.反应;回应;抗拒;生理反应;副作用(reaction的复数)
Recasting involves taking mindfulness and reducing my tsunami interpretation of this moment and reducing it to a mountain-climbing experience, one that is -- 改換角色包括 要能留心保持正念,減少 對於這個時刻的海嘯詮釋, 把它減輕為爬山經驗, 也就是
Recasting:n.重铸;v.重铸(recast的现在分词); mindfulness:n.留心,警觉; tsunami:n.海啸; interpretation:n.解释;翻译;演出; mountain-climbing:n.攀岩;
from impossible situation to one that is much more doable and challenging. 從不可能之情境的經驗 變成可愛許多 且有挑戰性的經驗。
doable:adj.可做的;
Resolving a racially stressful encounter involves being able to make a healthy decision that is not an underreaction , where I pretend, "That didn't bother me," 至於解決在種族方面 很有壓力的衝突, 需要能夠做出健康的決策, 並不是要反應不足, 假裝「這不會困擾我」,
Resolving:n.分解;解析;v.分辨(resolve的ing形式);分解;决定;解决矛盾; underreaction:un.弱反应;不足反应;不充分的反应;
or an overreaction , where I exaggerate the moment. 也不是過度反應,把這個時刻誇大。
overreaction:n.过度反应; exaggerate:v.夸大;夸张;言过其实;
Now, we can teach parents and children how to read, recast and resolve using a mindfulness strategy we call: "Calculate, locate , communicate, breathe and exhale ." 我們能夠教導父母和孩子如何 覺察、改換角色、解決衝突, 用的是一種正念策略,我們 稱之為:「估算、定位、溝通、 呼吸,和吐氣。」
strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; locate:v.确定…的准确地点;把…安置在(或建造于);创办于(某地); exhale:v.呼气;发出;发散;使蒸发;
Stay with me. 跟上我。
'"Calculate" asks, "What feeling am I having right now, and how intense is it on a scale of one to 10?" 「估算」是要問: 「我現在有什麼樣的感覺？ 從一分到十分,這感覺有多強？」
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
'"Locate" asks, "Where in my body do I feel it?" 「定位」是要問:「我在 身體中的哪裡有這種感覺？」
And be specific , like the Native American girl at a Chicago fifth-grade school said to me, "I feel angry at a nine because I'm the only Native American. 明確地辨識位置, 就像一位芝加哥的五年級 原住民女孩對我說: 「我感受到九分的憤怒, 因為我是唯一的美國原住民。
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; Native American:n.美洲土著居民;
And I can feel it in my stomach, like a bunch of butterflies are fighting with each other, so much so that they fly up into my throat and choke me." 而這感覺是在我的胃裡, 就像是一群蝴蝶在對抗彼此, 激烈到牠們甚至飛到我的 喉嚨,讓我被哽住。」
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; choke:n.窒息; v.阻塞; (尤指感情激动而)说不出话来;
The more detailed you can be, the easier it is to reduce that spot. 你能描述越多細節, 在當下就越容易將它減緩。
'"Communicate" asks, "What self-talk and what images are coming in my mind?" 「溝通」是要問: 「我腦中出現了什麼樣的 自我對話和影像？」
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
And if you really want help, try breathing in and exhaling slowly. 若你真的希望有所幫助,試著吸氣, 再慢慢吐氣。
exhaling:v.呼气;发散;排出(exhale的现在分词形式);
With the help of my many colleagues at the Racial Empowerment Collaborative, we use in-the-moment stress-reduction in several research and therapy projects. 許多「種族賦權合作社」的 同事協助我, 讓我們能夠在數項研究及治療計畫中 使用「當下壓力緩和」。
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
One project is where we use basketball to help youth manage their emotions during 60-second eruptions on the court. 在一個計畫中,我們 用籃球來協助年輕人,
emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数) eruptions:n.火山爆发;出疹(eruption的复数形式);
Another project, with the help of my colleagues Loretta and John Jemmott, we leverage the cultural style of African-American barbershops , where we train black barbers to be health educators in two areas: 在另一個計畫中,有我同事 蘿瑞塔和約翰賈摩特的協助, 我們發揮了非裔美國人 理髮廳文化風格的功效, 在理髮廳,我們訓練黑人理髮師 成為兩個領域的健康教育者:
leverage:n.影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效力;v.举债经营;借贷收购; barbershops:n.理发店;adj.有男声合唱之和声的;
one, to safely reduce the sexual risk in their partner relationships; and the other, to stop retaliation violence. 第一,安全地減低 伴侶關係中的性風險; 第二, 阻止關係中的暴力。
sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; retaliation:n.报复;反击;回敬;
The cool part is the barbers use their cultural style to deliver this health education to 18- to 24-year-old men while they're cutting their hair. 很酷的一點是,理髮師 會用他們的文化風格, 一邊幫 18~24 歲的男性理髮,
Another project is where we teach teachers how to read, recast and resolve stressful moments in the classroom. 還有另一個計畫,我們教導老師 如何覺察、改換角色, 及解決教室中的壓力時刻。
And a final project, in which we teach parents and their children separately to understand their racial traumas before we bring them together to problem-solve daily microaggressions . 最後一個計畫,我們分開 教導家長和他們的孩子, 讓他們了解他們的種族創傷, 然後才把他們集合在一起, 來解決每天日常的微侵略問題。
separately:adv.分别地;分离地;个别地; traumas:n.外伤;精神创伤(trauma的复数); microaggressions:微侵略;
Now, racially literate conversations with our children can be healing , but it takes practice. 和我們的孩子進行關於種族 知識的對談,是有治癒效果的, 但需要練習。
literate:adj.受过教育的;精通文学的;n.学者; healing:n.康复; adj.痊愈中的; v.(使)康复,复原; (heal的现在分词)
And I know some of you are saying, "Practice? 我知道有些人在說:「練習？
Practice? 練習？
We're talking about practice?" 我們要談練習？」
Yes, we are talking about practice. 是的,我們要談練習。
I have two sons. 我有兩個兒子。
My oldest, Bryan, is 26, and my youngest, Julian, is 12. 大兒子布萊恩 26 歲, 小兒子朱利安 12 歲。
And we do not have time to talk about how that happened. 我們沒時間談這是怎麼發生的。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
But, when I think of them, they are still babies to me, and I worry every day that the world will misjudge them. 但, 當我想到他們時, 仍把他們視為寶寶, 我每天都會擔心這個世界 會錯誤評斷他們。
In August of 2013, 2013 年 8 月,
Julian, who was eight at the time, and I were folding laundry , which in and of itself is such a rare occurrence , 朱利安那時 8 歲, 我正在摺洗好的衣服, 這本身就是件很罕見的事。
laundry:n.洗衣店,洗衣房;要洗的衣服;洗熨;洗好的衣服; occurrence:n.发生;出现;存在;发生的事情;
I should have known something strange was going to happen. 我當時應該要知道 有奇怪的事情即將發生的。
On the TV were Trayvon Martin's parents, and they were crying because of the acquittal of George Zimmerman. 電視上播的是特雷文馬丁的父母, 他們在哭泣, 因為喬治齊默曼被宣告無罪。
acquittal:n.赦免;无罪开释;履行;尽职;(债务等的)清偿;
And Julian was glued to the TV. 朱利安緊盯著電視。
glued:v.(用胶水)粘合,粘牢,粘贴(glue的过去分词和过去式)
He had a thousand questions, and I was not prepared. 他有一大堆問題,而我沒有準備。
He wanted to know why: 他想要知道為什麼:
Why would a grown man stalk and hunt down and kill an unarmed 17-year-old boy? 為什麼會有成人要跟蹤、追捕、殺害 一個沒有武裝的 17 歲男孩？
stalk:n.(植物的)茎,秆;梗,柄;追踪;高视阔步;v.追踪,潜近; hunt down:穷追直至抓获; unarmed:adj.不带武器的;非武装的;不使用武器的;徒手的
And I did not know what to say. 我不知道該說什麼。
The best thing that could come out of my mouth was, "Julian, sometimes in this world, there are people who look down on black and brown people and do not treat them -- and children, too -- do not treat them as human." 我這張嘴能說出最好的話就是: 「朱利安,有時候, 在這個世界上,有些人 會看不起黑人和棕色人種, 且不會把他們－－也包括孩子－－ 不會把他們當人看待。」
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
He interpreted the whole situation as sad. 他把這整個情況詮釋為感傷。
interpreted:v.诠释;说明;把…理解为;领会;口译;(interpret的过去式和过去分词)
(Voice-over) Julian Stevenson: That's sad. （畫外音）朱利安史帝文森: 那好感傷。
'"We don't care. You're not our kind." 「我們不在乎。你非我族類。」
HS: Yes. 霍華:是的。
JS: It's like, "We're better than you." 朱利安:就像是:「我們比你好。」
HS: Yes. 霍華:是的。
JS: "And there's nothing you can do about that. 朱利安:「而你卻對此無能為力。
And if you scare me, or something like that, 且如果你嚇到我之類的,
I will shoot you because I'm scared of you." 我就會射殺你,因為我怕你。」
HS: Exactly. 霍華:正是如此。
But if somebody's stalking you -- 但,如果有人在跟蹤你－－
JS: It's not the same for everyone else. 朱利安:對其他人就不是這樣的。
HS: It's not always the same, no. You've got to be careful. 霍華:不見得是這樣的。 有色人種才會遇到。
JS: Yeah, because people can disrespect you. 朱利安:是啊, 因為別人可以輕視你。
disrespect:n.无礼,失礼,不敬;
HS: Exactly. 霍華:正是如此。
JS: And think that you're, "You don't look -- you don't look like you're ..." 朱利安:且認為你是… 「你看起來不－－ 你看起來不像是你…」
It's like they're saying that "You don't look right, so I guess I have the right to disrespect you." 就像他們在說:「你看起來不對, 所以我想,我有權可以輕視你。」
HS: Yeah, and that's what we call, we call that racism . 霍華:是的,那就是我們 說的種族歧視。
racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见;
And we call that racism, Julian, and yes, some people -- other people -- can wear a hoodie , and nothing happens to them. 我們稱之為種族歧視,朱利安, 是的,有些人－－ 其他人－－可以穿著帽Ｔ 而不會遇到什麼事。
hoodie:n.连帽衫带帽夹克穿着连帽衫的小混混;
But you and Trayvon might, and that's why Daddy wants you to be safe. 但你和特雷文卻有可能出事, 那就是為什麼爹地希望你們能安全。
(Voice-over) HS: And that's why -- （畫外音）霍華:那就是為什麼－－
JS: So you mean like, when you said "other people," 朱利安:所以你的意思是, 當你說「其他人」,
you mean, like if Trayvon was a white, um, that he wouldn't be disrespected like that? 你的意思是,如果特雷文是白人, 他就不會被那樣子輕視了？
disrespected:v.不尊敬;(disrespect的过去式和过去分词)
HS: Yes, Julian, Daddy meant white people when I said, "other people," all right? 霍華:是的,朱利安, 當爹地說「其他人」 指的是白人沒錯。
So there was a way in which I was so awkward in the beginning, but once I started getting my rhythm and my groove , 我一開始的時候顯得十分尷尬, 但一旦我找到了 我的節奏和我的律動,
awkward:adj.尴尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的; rhythm:n.节奏;韵律; groove:n.槽;沟;辙;纹;v.在…作槽;在…挖沟;使感到愉快;(美俚)灌(唱片);
I started talking about stereotypes and issues of discrimination, and just when I was getting my groove on, 我就開始談及刻板印象 以及歧視的議題, 正當我快切中核心時,
stereotypes:n.模式化观念(或形象); v.对…形成模式化(或类型化)的看法; (stereotype的第三人称单数和复数) issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Julian interrupted me. 朱利安打斷了我。
interrupted:v.插嘴; adj.被阻止的,中断的; (interrupt的过去分词和过去式)
(Voice-over) HS: ... dangerous, or you're a criminal because you're black, and you're a child or a boy -- （畫外音）霍華:認為你危險 或是罪犯,只因為你是黑人, 而你是個孩子或男孩－－
That is wrong, it doesn't matter who does it. 那是錯的,不論是誰做的。
JS: Dad, I need to stop you there. 朱利安:爸,請你暫停一下。
HS: What? 霍華:怎麼了？
JS: Remember when we were ... 朱利安:記得當我們…
HS: So he interrupts me to tell me a story about when he was racially threatened at a swimming pool with a friend by two grown white men, which his mother confirmed. 霍華:他打斷我,告訴我一個故事, 他和一個朋友在游泳池時 受到種族相關的威脅, 威脅他的是兩個成年白人, 他母親確認了這件事。
interrupts:n.中断(interrupt的复数);v.打断(interrupt的三单形式); swimming pool:n.游泳池;游泳场;游泳馆;
And I felt happy that he was able to talk about it; it felt like he was getting it. 我很高興他能夠談這件事; 感覺好像他開始懂了。
We moved from the sadness of Trayvon's parents and started talking about George Zimmerman's parents, which, I read in a magazine, condoned the stalking of Trayvon. 我們結束了關於 特雷文父母的傷心話題, 開始談到喬治齊默曼的父母, 我在一本雜誌中讀到, 他們縱容盯梢特雷文的行為。
condoned:v.宽恕;原谅(condone的过去分词);
And Julian's reaction to me was priceless . 朱利安給我的反應是無價的。
priceless:adj.无价的;极贵重的;非常有趣的;n.非卖品;
It made me feel like he was getting it. 讓我覺得他開始懂了。
(Voice-over) JS: What did they say about him? （畫外音）朱利安: 關於他,他們怎麼說？
HS: Well, I think they basically felt that he was justified to follow and stalk -- 霍華:我想,基本上 他們覺得他有正當理由 去跟蹤－－
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; justified:adj.正当的; v.证明…正确; (justify的过去式和过去分词)
JS: What the -- ? 朱利安:搞什麼…？
HS: Yeah, I think that's wrong. 霍華:是啊,我也覺得那是錯的。
JS: That's -- one minute. 朱利安:那是－－等一下。
So they're saying he has the right to follow a black kid, get in a fight with him and shoot him? 所以他們說,他有權 可以跟蹤一個黑人小孩, 和他打架,然後射殺他？
HS: As Julian was getting it, 霍華:當朱利安開始懂了,
I started to lose it. 我卻開始迷失了。
Because in my mind's eye, I was thinking: 因為我心中正在想:
What if my Julian or Bryan was Trayvon? 如果我的朱利安 或布萊恩是特雷文呢？
What if:如果…怎么办?
I calculated my anger at a 10. 我估算我的憤怒會是十分。
I found, located , my right leg was shaking uncontrollably like I was running. 我發現,定位到我的右腿, 無法控制地抖動, 好像我在跑步一樣。
located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式) uncontrollably:adv.控制不住地;
And in my mind's eye, I could see somebody chasing Julian, and I was chasing them. 我在心中看得見有人在追逐朱利安, 而我在追逐他們。
And the only thing that could come out of my mouth was if anybody tries to bother my child ... 而我嘴巴能說出來的 唯一一句話就是, 如果任何人試圖騷擾我的孩子…
(Voice-over) HS: If anybody tries to bother my child ... （畫外音）霍華:如果 任何人試圖騷擾我的孩子…
mmm, mmm, mmm. 嗯,嗯,嗯。
JS: What will happen? 朱利安:會發生什麼事？
HS: Well, they better run. 霍華:嗯,他們最好快逃。
JS: Because what? HS: I'm gonna get 'em. 朱利安:為什麼？ 霍華:我會宰了他們。
JS: See? (Laughs) 朱利安:真的？（笑聲） 霍華:我會宰了他們。
HS: I'm gonna get 'em. JS: Really? 朱利安:真假？ 霍華:喔,真的。
HS: Oh, yeah. 朱利安:那接著他們可能會 宰了你,因為他們可能有武器。
JS: Then they're gonna get you because they might have weapons. 朱利安:那接著他們可能會 宰了你,因為他們可能有武器。
HS: Well, you know what, I'm gonna call police, too, like I should. 霍華:你知道嗎,我也會 叫警察,這是應該做的。
But I feel like I wanna get 'em. 但我覺得我想宰了他們。
But you can't; you're right, you can't just go chasing people. 但不能這樣,你是對的, 不能就這樣去追逐別人。
JS: They can be armed. 朱利安:他們可能有武器。
HS: Yeah, you right. Yeah, you right. 霍華:是,你是對的,你是對的。
I feel like I wanna chase 'em. 我覺得我想要追逐他們。
JS: Plus they could be an army or something. 朱利安:此外,他們 可能是支軍隊之類的。
HS: I know -- I feel like I wanna go get 'em, messing with my son. 霍華:我知道－－我覺得我想 宰了他們,和你開玩笑的,兒子。
messing:v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;(mess的现在分词)
I don't like that. 我不喜歡那樣。
JS: Um ... 朱利安:嗯…
HS: But you right. You gotta be careful. 霍華:但你是對的,要很小心。
And um, you gotta be careful. 嗯,要很小心。
You never know what some crazy people will think about you. 你永遠不會知道一些 瘋子會怎麼看待你。
You never know:(非正式)很难说,不可预知;
Just as long as you believe you're beautiful like Daddy believes you're beautiful and handsome, and Mommy believes you're beautiful and handsome and smart. 只要你相信你自己是很美好的, 就像爹地相信你是很美好且帥氣的, 媽咪也相信你是很美好、 很帥氣,且很聰明的。
And you deserve to be on this planet, just as happy and beautiful and smart as you want to be. 你有權利活在這個星球上, 只要你想要,你可以 快樂、美好、聰明。
You can do anything you want, baby. 寶貝,你可以做任何你想做的事。
HS: Racial socialization is not just what parents teach their children. 霍華:種族教化 不僅是父母教了孩子什麼。
It's also how children respond to what their parents teach. 也包括孩子對於父母 所教的有什麼反應。
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
Is my child prepared? 我的孩子準備好了嗎？
Can they recognize when a racial elephant shows up in a room? 他們能認出房裡的種族大象嗎？ （註:棘手的問題）
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
Can they reduce their tsunami interpretation down to a mountain-climbing adventure that they can engage and not run away? 他們能否把他們的海嘯詮釋 減輕到爬山的冒險？ 這麼一來他們才能處理而非逃走？
adventure:n.冒险;奇遇;经历;冒险游戏;v.探险;以…冒险;大胆进行;闯; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
Can they make a healthy and just decision in 60 seconds? 他們能否在六十秒內 做出健康且公正的決策？
Can I? 我能嗎？
Can you? 你們能嗎？
Yes, we can. 是的,我們能。
We can build healthier relationships around race if we learn to calculate, locate communicate, breathe and exhale in the middle of our most threatening moments, when we come face-to-face with our lesser selves. 我們能建造更健康的種族關係, 如果我們學會估算、定位、 溝通、呼吸,和吐氣, 來面對當下最具威脅的時刻, 面對我們自己的小我。
face-to-face:adj.面对面的;当面的;adv.面对面地; lesser:adj.较少的;次要的;更小的;adv.较少地;更小地;不及;
If you take the centuries of racial rage that boils up in all of our bodies, minds and souls -- and anything that affects our bodies, minds and souls affects our health -- we could probably use gun control for our hearts. 如果能夠去思考數世紀的種族憤怒, 在我們的身、心、靈 當中沸騰的憤怒－－ 任何會影響我們身、心、靈的東西 都會影響我們的健康－－ 我們可能可以使用心的槍枝管制。
gun control:n.枪支管制(法);
I just want what all parents want for their children when we're not around: affection and protection. 天下父母心,我也希望 當我不在孩子身邊時, 他們仍有這兩樣東西:愛和保護。
When police and teachers see my children, 當警察和老師看見我的孩子,
I want them to imagine their own, because I believe if you see our children as your children, you won't shoot them. 我希望他們能想像自己的孩子, 因為我相信,如果你們 能把我們的孩子視為己出, 你們就不會射殺他們。
With racial literacy, and yes, practice, we can decode the racial trauma from our stories, and our healing will come in the telling. 有了種族知識,是的,也還要練習, 我們就能了解我們自己 故事中的種族創傷, 而在說故事時就能產生治癒的效果。
But we must never forget that our cultural differences are full of affection and protection, and remember always that the lion's story will never be known as long as the hunter is the one to tell it. 但,我們萬萬不可忘記, 我們的文化差異充滿了愛和保護, 永遠要記得,只要 說故事的人是獵人, 獅子的故事就永遠不會被知道。
Thank you very much. 非常謝謝。
(Applause) （掌聲）