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HollyMorris_2013G-_为什么要留在切尔诺贝利_因为那里是家。_
Three years ago, I was standing about a hundred yards from Chernobyl nuclear reactor number four. 三年前,我站在离切尔诺贝利四号核反应堆 一百码的地方,
Chernobyl:n.切尔诺贝利(乌克兰的一座城市); nuclear reactor:na.(原子)核反应堆;
My Geiger counter dosimeter , which measures radiation , was going berserk , and the closer I got, the more frenetic it became, and frantic . My God. 我的盖革放射量测定器,在量辐射度时 就像疯了一样, 我走得越近,它就跳得越??疯狂, 我的天哪。
Geiger counter:n.盖格计数器(用以探测和测量放射); dosimeter:n.放射量测定器; radiation:n.辐射;放射线;放射疗法; berserk:adj.狂怒的;adv.狂暴地,狂怒地; frenetic:adj.狂热的;发狂的;n.疯子;狂人; frantic:adj.狂乱的,疯狂的;
I was there covering the 25th anniversary of the world's worst nuclear accident, as you can see by the look on my face, reluctantly so, but with good reason, because the nuclear fire that burned for 11 days back in 1986 released 400 times as much radiation as the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, and the sarcophagus , which is the covering over reactor number four, which was hastily built 27 years ago, now sits cracked and rusted and leaking radiation. 我在核事故发生25周年之际 去那里采写一份报道, 你可以看到我脸上的表情 此差事虽勉强,但有很好的原因, 因为在1986年燃烧了11日 的核火灾释放了比广岛的原子弹 多400倍的辐射, 而那石棺,覆盖在 第四号反应堆上, 是27年前草草建成的。 现在又破裂又生锈, 并泄漏辐射。
as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; reluctantly:adv.不情愿地;嫌恶地; released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) sarcophagus:n.(雕刻精美的)石棺;(古希腊人用来制石棺的)大理石; hastily:adv.匆忙地;急速地;慌忙地; cracked:adj.疯狂;破裂的;有裂纹的;v.破裂;裂开;断裂;(crack的过去分词和过去式) rusted:adj.锈的;v.生锈(rust的过去式和过去分词);迟钝; leaking:v.渗漏;泄露(秘密信息);走漏;(leak的现在分词)
So I was filming. 那时我在拍摄,
I just wanted to get the job done and get out of there fast. 我只想完成工作 然后快速离去。
But then, I looked into the distance, and I saw some smoke coming from a farmhouse , and I'm thinking, who could be living here? 但是,我看着远方的时候 我看见由农舍传来的烟, 我就在想,谁会住在那里？
farmhouse:n.农家,[农工]农舍;
I mean, after all, Chernobyl's soil, water and air, are among the most highly contaminated on Earth, and the reactor sits at the the center of a tightly regulated exclusion zone , or dead zone , and it's a nuclear police state , complete with border guards. 毕竟,切尔诺贝利的泥土,水和空气, 是世上受污染最强的地方之一。 而反应堆正正位于 严密监管的禁区,又叫死区,的中心, 还有,它是一个核警察州分,更有边防军助阵,
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; contaminated:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德);(contaminate的过去分词和过去式) tightly:adv.紧紧地;坚固地; regulated:v.约束,控制,管理;(regulate的过去式和过去分词) exclusion zone:n.禁区; dead zone:n.盲区;空白地带;隔离带;死水区(因缺氧而使动物无法生存); police state:n.警察国家(通过警察部门控制人民旅行及言论等自由);
You have to have dosimeter at all times, clicking away, you have to have a government minder , and there's draconian radiation rules and constant contamination monitoring. 你在任何时候都必须有核辐射测量计, 你需要一个政府看守者, 还有严厉的辐射规则 和恒定的污染监测。
minder:n.看守者;照顾者; draconian:adj.严厉的,苛刻的; contamination:n.污染,玷污;污染物;
The point being, no human being should be living anywhere near the dead zone. 即是说,没有人 应该住在这里附近,
But they are. 但他们正是。
It turns out an unlikely community of some 200 people are living inside the zone. 原来一个大概有200人 居住的社區存在于那地带之中,
unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
They're called self-settlers. 他们是所谓的自我定居者。
And almost all of them are women, the men having shorter lifespans in part due to overuse of alcohol , cigarettes, if not radiation. 差不多所有都是女人, 男人寿命短很多, 除了因为辐射,部分是 由于过量的喝酒和吸烟。
lifespans:n.寿命;预期生命期限;预期使用期限; overuse:n.过度使用;vt.把…使用过度; alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料;
Hundreds of thousands of people were evacuated at the time of the accident, but not everybody accepted that fate. 意外发生时, 数以十万计的人被疏散, 但不是每个人都接受了这命运,
evacuated:adj.疏散的:v.疏散,转移,撤离:(evacuate的过去式和过去分词形式):
The women in the zone, now in their 70s and 80s, are the last survivors of a group who defied authorities and, it would seem, common sense , and returned to their ancestral homes inside the zone. 这些女人,现在已经七八十岁, 是最后的幸存者,并自然而然地 违抗了当局部门的决定, 回到他们祖传的家。
defied:adj.受蔑视的;遭违抗的;v.违抗(defy的过去式); authorities:n.权力;威权;职权;批准;(authority的复数) common sense:adj.常识的;有生活经验得来的; ancestral:adj.祖先的;祖传的;
They did so illegally . 他们这样做是违法地。
illegally:adv.非法地;
As one woman put it to a soldier who was trying to evacuate her for a second time, "Shoot me and dig the grave . 正如一个女人向尝试第二次疏散他们的 一个军人说的一样: 「射死我然后给我挖坟,
grave:adj.重大的;严肃的;黯淡的;n.墓穴,坟墓;死亡;v.雕刻;铭记;
Otherwise, I'm going home." 否则,我要回家。」
Now why would they return to such deadly soil? 他们为什么要回到这么容易致死的地方？
deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地;
I mean, were they unaware of the risks or crazy enough to ignore them, or both? 他们是不知道有风险, 或是无视风险,还是两样都是？
unaware:adj.不知道的,无意的;未察觉到的;adv.意外地;不知不觉地; ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬;
The thing is, they see their lives and the risks they run decidedly differently. 事实是,他们所谓的生命 和他们要冒的险是非常不同。
decidedly:adv.果断地;断然地;明显;毫无疑问;
Now around Chernobyl, there are scattered ghost villages, eerily silent, strangely charming , bucolic , totally contaminated. 在切尔诺贝利附近有零落的空无一人的村庄 毛骨悚然地沉默,奇异地迷人,田园般, 完全被污染。
scattered:adj.零散的; v.撒; (scatter的过去分词和过去式) ghost:n.鬼,幽灵;v.作祟于;替…捉刀;为人代笔; eerily:adj.怪诞的;奇异的;可怕的; strangely:adv.奇怪地;奇妙地;不可思议地; charming:adj.令人着迷的;吸引人的;v.吸引;迷住;控制,保护;(charm的现在分词) bucolic:adj.牧歌的;牧羊的;乡下风味的;n.田园诗;农夫;
Many were bulldozed under at the time of the accident, but a few are left like this, kind of silent vestiges to the tragedy . 很多在意外时就被铲平, 但有少许就像这样, 就像悲剧后寂静的残余。
bulldozed:v.(用推土机)推倒,铲平;强行通过;强迫(bulldoze的过去分词和过去式) vestiges:n.残留部分;遗迹;(通常用于否定句)丝毫,一点儿;(vestige的复数) tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;
Others have a few residents in them, one or two "babushkas," or "babas," 另外的有一些住客, 一两位 babushkas 或 babas,
residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数)
which are the Russian and Ukrainian words for grandmother. 那是俄文和乌克兰语文,是祖母的意思。
Ukrainian:adj.乌克兰的;乌克兰人的;n.乌克兰人;乌克兰语;
Another village might have six or seven residents. 另一条村落可能有六七人。
So this is the strange demographic of the zone -- isolated alone together. 那这就是区域里奇怪的人口, 一起被孤立了。
demographic:adj.人口统计学的;人口学的; isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
And when I made my way to that piping chimney 当我走向那个
chimney:n.烟囱;
I'd seen in the distance , 我在远方看到烟囱时,
in the distance:在远处;
I saw Hanna Zavorotnya, and I met her. 我看到Hanna Zavorotnya,然后我认识了她。
She's the self-declared mayor of Kapavati village, population eight. 她自我宣称是Kapavati村的村长, 那里只有八个人。
self-declared:adj.自称的;自命的; mayor:n.市长;镇长;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
And she said to me, when I asked her the obvious , "Radiation doesn't scare me. Starvation does." 我和她聊天时,我问了她最明显的问题, 她回答:“我不害怕辐射,但我害怕饥饿。”
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; Starvation:n.饿死;挨饿;绝食;
And you have to remember, these women have survived the worst atrocities of the 20th century. 你们要记得,这些女人 在二十世纪最可怕的灾难中生存了下来
atrocities:n.暴行(atrocity的复数);残忍;
Stalin's enforced famines of the 1930s, the Holodomor, killed millions of Ukrainians, and they faced the Nazis in the '40s, who came through slashing , burning, raping , and in fact many of these women were shipped to Germany as forced labor. 斯大林三十年代时强迫饥荒,大饥荒 杀了数以百万计的乌克兰人, 当他们在四十年代面对纳粹时, 经历了放火,杀人,强奸, 事实上这些女人很多 都被运到德国做强迫劳工。
enforced:adj.强迫的;强制性的;v.强制执行;迫使;(enforce的过去分词和过去式) famines:n.饥荒;饥饿,奇缺; Nazis:n.纳粹;纳粹党人(nazi的复数); slashing:adj.猛烈的;严厉的;冲劲十足的;巨大的;n.猛砍;鞭打; raping:v.强奸;强暴(rape的现在分词)
So when a couple decades into Soviet rule, 所以在苏联开始当道几十年后,
Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人;
Chernobyl happened, they were unwilling to flee in the face of an enemy that was invisible . 切尔诺贝利灾难发生了, 他们不愿意因为这个隐形 的敌人而逃走。
unwilling:adj.不愿意的;不情愿的;勉强的; flee:v.逃走;迅速离开;逃避,逃跑 in the face of:面对; invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物;
So they returned to their villages and are told they're going to get sick and die soon, but five happy years, their logic goes, is better than 10 stuck in a high rise on the outskirts of Kiev , separated from the graves of their mothers and fathers and babies, the whisper of stork wings on a spring afternoon. 所以他们回到自己的村庄, 并且得知他们会病,很快会死, 但他们的逻辑认为,快乐的五年 比起住在基辅郊区里 的高楼大厦十年要好, 和自己的母亲, 父亲和孩子的坟墓分离, 还有春天时鹳的翅膀的微微细语。
logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的; outskirts:n.郊区;市郊;(市镇的)边缘地带;(outskirt的复数) Kiev:n.基辅(乌克兰共和国首都); graves:n.坟墓; adj.重大的; v.对(船底)作清洗并涂上沥青等涂料; v.庄重地; (grave的第三人称单数) whisper:v.耳语;低语;私语;小声说;n.耳语(声);低语(声);私语(声);轻柔的声音; stork:n.[鸟]鹳;
For them, environmental contamination may not be the worst sort of devastation . 对他们来说,环境核辐射 可能不是最残酷的。
devastation:n.毁坏,荒废;
It turns out this holds true for other species as well. 事实上,对于其他生物来说 这样的逻辑都同样存在。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
Wild boar , lynx , moose , they've all returned to the region in force, the very real, very negative effects of radiation being trumped by the upside of a mass exodus of humans. 野猪,猞猁,驼鹿,他们都回到了 现行的区域, 核辐射的非常真实的负面效果其实 还不如人类大批离去 带给他们的好处大。
Wild boar:un.野猪; lynx:n.猞猁;山猫; moose:n.[脊椎]驼鹿;麋;[复数moose]; region:n.地区;范围;部位; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; trumped:v.出王牌赢(牌); (trump的过去分词和过去式) mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; exodus:n.大批的离去;
The dead zone, it turns out, is full of life. 所谓的死区,其实是充满生命的。
And there is a kind of heroic resilience , a kind of plain-spoken pragmatism to those who start their day at 5 a.m. 然后就有一种英雄式的复原能力, 一种纯口语的实用主义, 他们早上五点起床,
heroic:adj.英雄的;英勇的;记叙英雄及其事迹的;夸张的;n.史诗;英勇行为; resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力; plain-spoken:adj.坦率的;直言不讳的;说话直截了当的(等于plainspoken); pragmatism:n.实用主义;独断;
pulling water from a well and end it at midnight poised to beat a bucket with a stick and scare off wild boar that might mess with their potatoes, their only company a bit of homemade moonshine vodka . 从井里拿水, 在半夜才休息。 蓄势用棍子打一桶水 然后吓走可能偷土豆的野猪, 陪伴他们的就只有自制的家乡伏特加。
poised:adj.摆好姿势准备行动的; v.保持(某种姿势); bucket:n.大桶状物; v.拼命划桨; mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺; moonshine:n.月光;空谈; vodka:n.伏特加酒;
And there's a patina of simple defiance among them. 他们当中有些共同的藐视:
patina:n.[材]铜绿;光泽;神态;圣餐盘; defiance:n.蔑视;挑战;反抗;
'"They told us our legs would hurt, and they do. So what?" 「他们告诉我们的脚会痛,当然它们会。但又如何呢？」
I mean, what about their health? 那他们的健康呢？
The benefits of hardy , physical living, but an environment made toxic by a complicated , little-understood enemy, radiation. 刻苦劳动的生活带来好处, 但有一个我们明白少许的敌人: 辐射带来的有毒环境,
hardy:adj.坚强的;勇敢的;能吃苦耐劳的;鲁莽的;n.强壮的人;耐寒植物;方柄凿; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
It's incredibly difficult to parse . 这是很难去解释的。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; parse:vt.解析;从语法上分析;vi.理解;从语法上分析;n.从语法上分析;分列;
Health studies from the region are conflicting and fraught . 当地的健康研究, 是相互矛盾,有误导性的。
conflicting:adj.互相斗争的;相冲突的;v.冲突,抵触;(conflict的现在分词) fraught:adj.担心的,忧虑的;充满…的;
The World Health Organization puts the number of Chernobyl-related deaths at 4,000, eventually . 世界卫生组织 估计因切尔诺贝利事故引起的死亡人数 最后会是四千。
Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; eventually:adv.最后,终于;
Greenpeace and other organizations put that number in the tens of thousands. 绿色和平和其他的机构 认为会有数以万计的人因此而死。
Greenpeace:n.绿色和平组织(保护动物不遭捕猎等); organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
Now everybody agrees that thyroid cancers are sky high, and that Chernobyl evacuees suffer the trauma of relocated peoples everywhere: higher levels of anxiety , depression , alcoholism , unemployment and, importantly, disrupted social networks. 现在每个人都同意甲状腺癌 极多,而由切尔诺贝利疏散出来的人当中, 很多遭受搬迁的心灵创伤: 更多焦虑,抑郁,酗酒, 失业,和最重要的, 扰乱了社会网络。
thyroid:n.甲状腺;甲状软骨;甲状腺剂;adj.甲状腺的;盾状的; cancers:n.癌; (Cancers是cancer的复数) evacuees:n.疏散人员(evacuee的复数); trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤; relocated:v.(使)搬迁,迁移;(relocate的过去分词和过去式) anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁; alcoholism:n.酗酒;[内科]酒精中毒; unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; disrupted:破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱(disrupt的过去分词形式);
Now, like many of you, 就像你们一样,
I have moved maybe 20, 25 times in my life. 我可能搬迁了20、25次。
Home is a transient concept. 家只是短暂性的概念。
transient:adj.短暂的;转瞬即逝的;倏忽的;暂住的;n.暂住某地的人;过往旅客;临时工;
I have a deeper connection to my laptop than any bit of soil. 我对我的手提电脑, 比对任何泥土有更多感情。
laptop:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;
So it's hard for us to understand, but home is the entire cosmos of the rural babushka , and connection to the land is palpable . 所以对于我们是很难明白, 但家,是这个农村的整个宇宙; 而且他们与这土地的联系是十分明显的。
cosmos:n.宇宙;和谐;秩序;大波斯菊; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; babushka:n.女用头巾(源出俄语,其本义为"老太婆"); palpable:adj.明显的;可感知的;易觉察的;
And perhaps because these Ukrainian women were schooled under the Soviets and versed in the Russian poets, aphorisms about these ideas slip from their mouths all the time. 或者有可能因为这些乌克兰女人 是由苏联教导, 并由苏联诗人口述, 对于这些主题的格言 经常会从他们的嘴里漏出。
Soviets:n.苏联人(soviet的复数);苏联政府; versed:adj.精通的;熟练的; aphorisms:n.格言;警句(aphorism的复数); slip:v.溜;下降;滑落;n.纸条;衬裙;
'"If you leave, you die." “如果你走,你就死了。”
'"Those who left are worse off now. “那些已离去的现在生活得更差;
They are dying of sadness." 他们正因伤心而亡。”
'"Motherland is motherland. I will never leave." “故乡就是故乡。我永远不会离去。”
What sounds like faith , soft faith , may actually be fact, because the surprising truth -- 听起来像信念,柔弱的信念, 但这可能是事实; 因为令人惊讶的事实:
faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
I mean, there are no studies, but the truth seems to be that these women who returned to their homes and have lived on some of the most radioactive land on Earth for the last 27 years, have actually outlived their counterparts who accepted relocation , by some estimates up to 10 years. 虽然没有学术研究,但真相似乎是 这些回到了家乡的女人, 住在世上最放射性的土地之一 大概二十七年, 事实上比接受了搬迁的人 有更长的寿命。 根据某些估计,大概高出十年。
radioactive:adj.[核]放射性的;有辐射的; outlived:v.比…活得长;(在…结束或消失后)继续存在;(outlive的过去分词和过去式) counterparts:n.(契约)副本(counterpart的复数);相对物;相对应的人; relocation:n.重新安置;再布置,变换布置; estimates:n.估计;估价;估计的成本;v.估价;估算(estimate的第三人称单数和复数)
How could this be? 这怎么可能呢？
Here's a theory: Could it be that those ties to ancestral soil, the soft variables reflected in their aphorisms, actually affect longevity ? 有一个理论:会不会是 那些和祖先的土地, 那些在她们格言中反映的因素, 真是会影响寿命吗？
variables:n.[数]变量; reflected:adj.反射的;得自他人的;v.反射;思考;(reflect的过去式和过去分词) longevity:n.长寿,长命;寿命;
The power of motherland so fundamental to that part of the world seems palliative . 乡土的力量, 对于那部分的人来说 似乎是缓和的。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; palliative:n.辩解;缓和剂;暂时姑息的手段;adj.缓和的;掩饰的;可斟酌的;
Home and community are forces that rival even radiation. 家和社会是比辐射 更强大的力量。
rival:v.与…相匹敌;比得上;adj.竞争的;n.竞争对手;
Now radiation or not, these women are at the end of their lives. 现在不管有没有辐射, 这些女人都步向死亡。
In the next decade, the zone's human residents will be gone, and it will revert to a wild, radioactive place, full only of animals and occasionally daring, flummoxed scientists. 未来十年内,区域里的居民会不在, 返回一个野生的,放射性的土地; 里面只有动物,偶尔 会有大胆,狼狈不堪的科学家。
revert:vi.回复;重提;返祖遗传;归还;vt.使回复原状;n.恢复原状者; occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; flummoxed:adj.困惑的;v.使混乱(flummox的过去式);
But the spirit and existence of the babushkas, whose numbers have been halved in the three years I've known them, will leave us with powerful new templates to think about and grapple with, about the relative nature of risk, about transformative connections to home, and about the magnificent tonic of personal agency and self-determination . 在我认识她们的三年里面, 这些祖母人数已经减半, 但她们的精神, 会留给我们一个新的模板, 去思考和探索, 有关大自然的风险, 有关与家的连系, 有关自我价值观和自决 的心灵补品。
halved:v.对半分开;均分;把…减半(halve的过去式和过去分词); templates:n.模板;范本(template的复数);属性单元; grapple:v.扭打;搏斗;努力设法解决;n.格斗;紧握;抓机; relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物; transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的; magnificent:adj.高尚的;壮丽的;华丽的;宏伟的; tonic:n.补药;主调音或基音;adj.滋补的;声调的;使精神振作的; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; self-determination:n.民族自决;自我决定;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）