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HilaryCottam_2015G-_面对崩坏的社会服务我们该如何修复它_
I want to tell you three stories about the power of relationships to solve the deep and complex social problems of this century. 我想给大家讲三个故事, 关于以人际关系的力量去解决 本世纪深层又复杂的社会问题。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
You know, sometimes it seems like all these problems of poverty , inequality, ill health , unemployment , violence , addiction -- they're right there in one person's life. 有时候所有的那些困难, 如贫穷、不平等、病痛丶失業、暴力和毒瘾—— 它们都集中在某个不幸者身上。
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; ill health:n.(身心)健康状况差;生病; unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷;
So I want to tell you about someone like this that I know. 所以我告诉大家一位有这样遭遇的人。
I'm going to call her Ella. 我打算叫她艾拉。
Ella lives in a British city on a run down estate . 艾拉住在英国一座城市
estate:n.房地产;财产;身份;
The shops are closed, the pub's gone, the playground's pretty desolate and never used, and inside Ella's house, the tension is palpable and the noise levels are deafening . 那里商店倒闭,酒馆关门, 游乐场荒废,没有游人, 艾拉家 喧闹声震耳欲聋。
desolate:adj.荒凉的;无人烟的;vt.使荒凉;使孤寂; tension:n.张力;拉伸;矛盾;紧张局势(或关系,状况);v.绷紧; palpable:adj.明显的;可感知的;易觉察的; deafening:adj.震耳欲聋的;极喧闹的;v.使…聋(deafen的ing形式);n.隔音;
The TV's on at full volume . 只听见电视机开到最高声浪。
volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
One of her sons is fighting with one of her daughters. 她的一个儿子正在跟另?一个女儿打架。
Another son, Ryan, is keeping up this constant stream of abuse from the kitchen, and the dogs are locked behind the bedroom door and straining . 另外一个儿子莱恩在厨房传来一连串的咀咒声, 狗狗们被锁在卧室门后,并企图挣脱。
abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; straining:n.应变,变形;v.拉紧;竭尽…的全力;使…损坏(strain的现在分词);
Ella is stuck. 艾拉不知所措。
She has lived with crisis for 40 years. 她在这样窘境中生活了40年。
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
She knows nothing else, and she knows no way out. 她一无所长,也知道没有出路。
She's had a whole series of abusive partners, and, tragically , one of her children has been taken into care by social services . 她曾相处过的所有伴侣。无一例外都虐待她。 可悲的是,她其中一个孩子被社会福利机构带走抚养。
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; abusive:adj.辱骂的;滥用的;虐待的; tragically:adv.悲剧地;悲惨地; social services:n.社会福利制度(由当地政府组织,向困难者提供帮助的制度);
The three children that still live with her suffer from a whole range of problems, and none of them are in education. 其余三个孩子仍然跟她同住 受尽种种困苦,没有一个孩子在上学。
And Ella says to me that she is repeating the cycle of her own mother's life before her. 艾拉告诉我她的人生其实是在 重蹈她母亲的覆辙。
But when I met Ella, there were 73 different services on offer for her and her family in the city where she lives, 73 different services run out of 24 departments in one city, and Ella and her partners and her children were known to most of them. 但是我见艾拉时,她所在的当地政府 为她和她的家人提供了73种不同服务, 这73种不同服务来自于该市24个不同部门。 这些部门都熟悉艾拉和伴侣以及她孩子。
run out of:用完;
They think nothing of calling social services to try and mediate one of the many arguments that broke out. 但艾拉等人觉得没有必要请求社会服务机构 来平息家中的任何一项争执。
think nothing of:把…视为平常; mediate:vi.调解;斡旋;居中;vt.调停;传达;adj.间接的;居间的;
And the family home was visited on a regular basis by social workers, youth workers, a health officer, a housing officer, a home tutor and the local policemen. 这个家庭以前定时有很多人来探访, 包括社工丶青年社工丶卫生官员, 家教和当地警员。
And the governments say that there are 100,000 families in Britain today like Ella's, struggling to break the cycle of economic , social and environmental deprivation . 政府宣称英国现今有十万 像艾拉这样的家庭, 奋力地想打破因贫困带来的经济、社交及居住环境上的恶性循环。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; deprivation:n.剥夺;损失;免职;匮乏;贫困;
And they also say that managing this problem costs a quarter of a million pounds per family per year and yet nothing changes. 政府同时提到为应付这个问题, 每年在每个家庭上花费25万英镑, 然而毫无作用。
None of these well-meaning visitors are making a difference. 没有一个好心的探访者给这些家庭带来一点点改变。
well-meaning:adj.善意的;好心的;
This is a chart we made in the same city with another family like Ella's. 这张图表是同一座城市我们替另一个像艾拉一样的家庭做的。
This shows 30 years of intervention in that family's life. 它显示了这个家庭30年来受到?界介入的情况。
intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍;
And just as with Ella, not one of these interventions is part of an overall plan. 就如艾拉一样,这些介入没有一个是带着周详地计划来的。
interventions:n.[法]干预,干涉;处置(intervention的复数); overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的;
There's no end goal in sight. 他们缺乏明确地目标。
None of the interventions are dealing with the underlying issues . 这些介入都没有着眼于根本的问题。
underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
These are just containment measures, ways of managing a problem. 只是控制的措施,应付问题的方法。
containment:n.包含;牵制;容量;密闭度;抑制,牵制;牵制[遏制]政策;
One of the policemen says to me, "Look, I just deliver the message and then I leave." 其中一名警员对我说: ＂你看,我只是带个口信之后便离开。
So, I've spent time living with families like Ella's in different parts of the world, because I want to know: what can we learn from places where our social institutions just aren't working? 所以我曾花时间在世界不同的地方 跟像艾拉一样家庭生活在一起。 因为我想知道:我们能从这些我们的社福机构 不起作用的地方学到些什么？
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
I want to know what it feels like to live in Ella's family. 我想知道艾拉的家庭怎样生活的。
I want to know what's going on and what we can do differently. 我想知道接下来该如何做,可否找到不同的解决方式。
Well, the first thing I learned is that cost is a really slippery concept. 首先我学到了花钱真是不可靠的想法。
slippery:adj.滑的;狡猾的;不稳定的;
Because when the government says that a family like Ella's costs a quarter of a million pounds a year to manage, what it really means is that this system costs a quarter of a million pounds a year. 因为当政府宣称他们每年要花费 25万英镑来服务这些像艾拉的家庭, 其实是这整个福利系统 每年花费了25万英镑。
Because not one penny of this money actually touches Ella's family in a way that makes a difference. 因为实际上没有分毫花在艾拉的家庭上 并让他们发生一点点改变的。
Instead, the system is just like this costly gyroscope that spins around the families, keeping them stuck at its heart, exactly where they are. 换言之,这个系统就像?贵的陀螺仪, 在这些家庭周围旋转,让它们困在其中, 原地踏步。
costly:adj.昂贵的;代价高的; gyroscope:n.陀螺仪;[航]回转仪; spins:n.[物]旋转; v.[物]旋转(spin的三单形式);
And I also spent time with the frontline workers, and I learned that it is an impossible situation. 我也曾花时间跟一线的工作人员相处, 然后明白这情况是不合理的。
frontline:n.前线;锋线(包括大前锋,小前锋,中锋);
So Tom, who is the social worker for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan, has to spend 86 percent of his time servicing the system: meetings with colleagues , filling out forms, 汤姆是莱恩的社工。莱恩是艾拉的14岁儿子, 汤姆用他工作的86%时间来服务系统: 跟同事开会,填表格,
social worker:n.社会工作者; colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
more meetings with colleagues to discuss the forms, and maybe most shockingly , the 14 percent of the time he has to be with Ryan is spent getting data and information for the system. 又加开会议讨论表格的问题, 最恐怖的可能是 他用剩余的14％时间与莱恩见面的目的 只是为了幫助系统收集讯息。
shockingly:adv.怕人地,非常地;不正当地;
So he says to Ryan, "How often have you been smoking? Have you been drinking? 他问莱恩: 你多久抽一次烟？你喝酒吗？
When did you go to school?" 你什么时候上学？
And this kind of interaction rules out the possibility of a normal conversation. 这样的交流阻断了 正常的对话可能性。
interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;
It rules out the possibility of what's needed to build a relationship between Tom and Ryan. 破坏了汤姆跟莱恩 培养感情的机会。
When we made this chart, the frontline workers, the professionals -- they stared at it absolutely amazed. 我们完成这个图表后, 前线工作人员和专家 无不目定口呆,惊讶不已。
professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数); stared:v.盯着看;凝视;注视;(stare的过去分词和过去式) absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
It snaked around the walls of their offices. 它们被贴在办公室四周的墻上。
So many hours, so well meant , but ultimately so futile . 他们满怀好意,花了不少时间,到头来徒劳无功。
well meant:adj.没有恶意的; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; futile:adj.无用的;无效的;没有出息的;琐细的;不重要的;
And there was this moment of absolute breakdown , and then of clarity : we had to work in a different way. 这一系统直到在此刻才真正崩溃, 其后才明白: 我们要改变方法。
breakdown:n.分解;损坏;分类;(关系)破裂;adj.专门修理故障的; clarity:n.清楚,明晰;透明;
So in a really brave step, the leaders of the city where Ella lives agreed that we could start by reversing Ryan's ratio . 于是艾拉的当地政府踏出了勇敢地一步, 同意我们将服务莱恩的时间与服务系统的时间比例调转。
reversing:v.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反;(reverse的现在分词) ratio:n.比率;比例;v.用比例方式表达;求出…的比值;使…成比例;
So everyone who came into contact with Ella or a family like Ella's would spend 80 percent of their time working with the families and only 20 percent servicing the system. 于是所有探访艾拉或是像艾拉一样家庭的人, 必须用80％的时间服务家庭, 而只有20％替系统工作。
contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
And even more radically , the families would lead and they would decide who was in a best position to help them. 甚至更具突破性的的是, 那些家庭将做为主导, 他们可以决定谁是最适合幫助他们的人。
radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式;
So Ella and another mother were asked to be part of an interview panel , to choose from amongst the existing professionals who would work with them. 艾拉跟另一位母亲获邀加入面试小组, 挑选现有的专業人员 将来替她们工作。
interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈; panel:n.镶板;仪表盘;钣金;(衣服上的)镶条;v.镶板(用木或玻璃板等镶嵌或装饰); amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among);
And many, many people wanted to join us, because you don't go into this kind of work to manage a system, you go in because you can and you want to make a difference . 其后很多人都想加入我们的队伍, 因为你不再是为一个系统或机构服务, 你加入是因为你能够且希望为他们带来改变。
make a difference:有影响,有关系;
So Ella and the mother asked everybody who came through the door, "What will you do when my son starts kicking me?" 艾拉和另一个母亲问每个进来的人: ＂如果我儿子开始踢我,你会怎么办？＂
And so the first person who comes in says, "Well, I'll look around for the nearest exit and I will back out very slowly, and if the noise is still going on, I'll call my supervisor ." 第一个进来的人答: ＂噢,我会找最近的出口, 然后慢慢退出去, 如果吵闹仍然继续,我会打电话给上司。
supervisor:n.监督人,[管理]管理人;检查员;
And the mothers go, "You're the system. Get out of here !" 然后一众妈妈说:你只是系统,滚出去！
Get out of here:出去(表示气愤或不耐烦等)
And then the next person who comes is a policeman, and he says, "Well, I'll tackle your son to the ground and then I'm not sure what I'll do." 跟着下一个进来,是一位警员,他说: “我会将你的孩子按在地上,但不确定接下来我会怎么做。”
tackle:v.处理; n.用具;
And the mothers say, "Thank you." 两位母亲说:“多谢你。”
So, they chose professionals who confessed they didn't necessarily have the answers, who said -- well, they weren't going to talk in jargon . 于是组员选了一些专業人员。 那些人员坦承自己未必有什么办法, 也不会用专業术语跟家庭说话。
confessed:adj.公开认错的;v.供认,坦白,承认;悔过;(confess的过去分词和过去式) necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; jargon:n.行话,术语;黄锆石;
They showed their human qualities and convinced the mothers that they would stick with them through thick and thin, even though they wouldn't be soft with them. 他们显示个人素养,因此母亲们深信 这些人不管任何时候都会与他们紧密相连, 即使他们不会温柔地对待家庭成员。
convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式)
So these new teams and the families were then given a sliver of the former budget , but they could spend the money in any way they chose. 这些新团队和这些家庭 从以前的经费得来一笔钱, 让他们可以自由地运用。
budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
And so one of the families went out for supper. 其中有一个家庭用来出?吃晚饭。
They went to McDonald's and they sat down and they talked and they listened for the first time in a long time. 他们到了麦当劳,很久以来, 第一次坐下来互相倾听对方説话。
Another family asked the team if they would help them do up their home. 另一个家庭要求团队 替他们翻新房子。
And one mother took the money and she used it as a float to start a social enterprise. 还有另一位母亲拿经费 用作流动资金开一间社企。
And in a really short space of time, something new started to grow: a relationship between the team and the workers. 在很短的时间内, 有些新变化萌芽: 团队跟队员建立了关系。
And then some remarkable changes took place. 跟着有些令人惊讶的变化出现.
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
Maybe it's not surprising that the journey for Ella has had some big steps backwards as well as forwards. 或许这并不意外 艾拉的际遇曾有过很大的退步 此外也有进步。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
But today, she's completed an IT training course, she has her first paid job, her children are back in school, and the neighbors, who previously just hoped this family would be moved anywhere except next door to them, are fine. 但现在她完成了IT培训课程, 得到一份有薪工作,孩子都上课去。 以前那些 希望艾拉一家搬的 越远越好的邻居们。 也变的和睦,
previously:adv.先前;以前; next door to:几乎;与…相邻;
They've made some new friendships. 他们产生了新的友谊。
And all the same people have been involved in this transformation -- same families, same workers. 参与到这场变革中都是同样的一群人-- 一样的家庭,一样的工作人员。
all the same:仍然:依然:照样: involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
But the relationship between them has been supported to change. 因为彼此的友谊支持他们求变。
So I'm telling you about Ella because I think that relationships are the critical resource we have in solving some of these intractable problems. 我告诉大家艾拉的故事,因为我认为 人际关系是解决这些难题 的重要资源。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备); intractable:adj.棘手的;难治的;倔强的;不听话的;
But today, our relationships are all but written off by our politics , our social policies , our welfare institutions. 但今天我们的人际关系 却遭政治、社会政策和福利机构毁掉。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) welfare:n.福祉;(政府给予的)福利;
And I've learned that this really has to change. 所以我知道一定要改变这种情况。
So what do I mean by relationships? 那么我说的＂关系 指的是什么呢？
I'm talking about the simple human bonds between us, a kind of authentic sense of connection, of belonging, the bonds that make us happy, that support us to change, to be brave like Ella and try something new. 指的是人类之间单纯的感情纽带, 一种真实可靠的关联感、归属感, 那种令人快乐的情谊,支撑我们改变, 好像艾拉那般勇敢,勇于尝试。
authentic:adj.真正的,真实的;可信的;
And, you know, it's no accident that those who run and work in the institutions that are supposed to support Ella and her family don't talk about relationships, 所以你知道,那并非偶然 那些管理社福机构的工作人员, 本应支持艾拉和她的家人, 但他们不谈人际关系。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
because relationships are expressly designed out of a welfare model that was drawn up in Britain and exported around the world. 因为很明显地人际关系 被这种起源于英国传遍世界的福利模式排除在外。
expressly:adv.清楚地,明显地;特别地,专门地; exported:v.[贸易]出口;输出(export的过去分词);adj.出口的;
The contemporaries of William Beveridge, who was the architect of the first welfare state and the author of the Beveridge Report, had little faith in what they called the average sensual or emotional man. 第一个福利国家的缔造者, 也是「Beveridge报告」的作者, 他同时代的人不相信拥有七情六欲的普通人。
contemporaries:n.同龄,同辈人(contemporary复数形式); architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者; welfare state:n.福利制度(由政府向有需要的人提供各种免费服务,如医疗、失业救济金、对老人的照顾等); faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰; sensual:adj.感觉的;肉欲的;世俗的;感觉论的; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
Instead, they trusted this idea of the impersonal system and the bureaucrat who would be detached and work in this system. 转而相信缺乏人情味的系统, 和为此工作的冷漠官僚。
impersonal:adj.客观的; n.非人称动词; bureaucrat:n.官僚;官僚主义者; detached:adj.独立的; v.拆卸; (detach的过去分词和过去式)
And the impact of Beveridge on the way the modern state sees social issues just can't be underestimated . 而受Beveridge影响 现代国家怎样看待社会问题 是不容低估的。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; underestimated:v.低估;对…估计不足;轻视(underestimate的过去分词和过去式)
The Beveridge Report sold over 100,000 copies in the first weeks of publication alone. 「Beveridge报告」在出版的第一个星期, 就已卖出十万本。
publication:n.出版物;发表;公布;发行;
People queued in the rain on a November night to get hold of a copy, and it was read across the country, across the colonies, across Europe, across the United States of America , and it had this huge impact on the way that welfare states were designed around the globe. 人们在一个11月的晚上,冒着雨排队去卖这本书。 这本书从国内、传到殖民地、欧洲 和美国。 它大大影响到 全球所有福利国家制订的福利政策。
queued:v.排队(queue的过去分词); get hold of:把握;抓住;得到; United States of America:un.美利坚合众国;
The cultures, the bureaucracies , the institutions -- they are global , and they've come to seem like common sense . 它所传达的文化,官僚主义以及福利机构——传遍全球, 它们似乎已经成了一种常识。
bureaucracies:n.繁文褥节;官僚政治(bureaucracy的复数); global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; common sense:adj.常识的;有生活经验得来的;
They've become so ingrained in us, that actually we don't even see them anymore. 根深蒂固印在我们的脑袋里, 虽然我们其实不曾见过它。
ingrained:adj.根深蒂固的; v.使根深蒂固(ingrain的过去分词形式);
And I think it's really important to say that in the 20th century, they were remarkably successful, these institutions. 我们必须郑重地说在二十世纪年代, 这些福利机构办得异常地成功。
remarkably:adv.非常;极为;格外;出乎意料地
They led to longer lifespans , the eradication of mass disease , mass housing, almost universal education . 它们带来了人均寿命的延长、根除了传染病、 大量住房,甚至几乎全民普及的教育。
lifespans:n.寿命;预期生命期限;预期使用期限; eradication:n.消灭,扑灭;根除; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; universal education:普及教育;全民教育;
But at the same time , 但同时间,
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
Beveridge sowed the seeds of today's challenges. Beveridge 撒下了今日这些问题的种子。
sowed:v.播撒(sow的ed形式);
So let me tell you a second story. 让我告诉大家第二个故事。
What do you think today is a bigger killer than a lifetime of smoking? 你知道比终生吸烟更致命的因素是什么吗？
It's loneliness. 那是孤独。
According to government statistics , one person over 60 -- one in three -- doesn't speak to or see another person in a week. 根据政府统计,超过60歳的市民, 每3个人中便有1人整个星期与?界隔绝。
According to:根据,据说; statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
One person in 10, that's 850,000 people, doesn't speak to anyone else in a month. 每10个人中便有一个,也就是有85万人, 整个月没有跟别人说过话。
And we're not the only people with this problem; this problem touches the whole of the Western world. 并不是只有我们有这种问题; 整个西方国家普遍都是这样。
And it's even more acute in countries like China, where a process of rapid urbanization , mass migration , has left older people alone in the villages. 而且在一些如中国那样的国家,问题更加严重, 因为急速的城镇化,大量人民迁徙, 留下老人孤独地在乡村过活。
acute:adj.严重的,[医]急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; urbanization:n.都市化;文雅化; migration:n.迁移;迁徙;转移;移居;
And so the services that Beveridge designed and exported -- they can't address this kind of problem. Beveridge 设计和传遍全球的福利服务, 它们无法应付这样的问题。
Loneliness is like a collective relational challenge, and it can't be addressed by a traditional bureaucratic response . 孤独就是大众关系的挑战, 它无法通过传统的官僚系统来解决。
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; relational:adj.相关的;亲属的; addressed:v.写(收信人)姓名地址:致函:演说:演讲:向…说话; (address的过去分词和过去式) traditional:传统的,惯例的, bureaucratic:adj.官僚的;官僚政治的; response:n.响应;反应;回答;
So some years ago, wanting to understand this problem, 数年前,我想了解这个问题,
I started to work with a group of about 60 older people in South London, where I live. 于是我在居住的伦敦南部, 开始跟一群大约60岁的长者相处。
I went shopping, I played bingo , but mainly I was just observing and listening. 我去购物,玩宾果游戏, 但主要想观察和聆听他们生活的点滴。
bingo:int.答对了;n.宾戈游戏; mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地; observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的;v.观察;遵守(observe的现在分词);
I wanted to know what we could do differently. 我要知道我们该如何改变。
And if you ask them, people tell you they want two things. 如果你问他们,他们会告诉你两件事。
They want somebody to go up a ladder and change a light bulb , or to be there when they come out of hospital. 他们希望有人爬上梯子幫忙换灯泡, 又或者有人去接他们出院。
ladder:n.阶梯;途径;梯状物;v.成名;发迹;在…上装设梯子; light bulb:n.灯泡;
They want on-demand, practical support. 他们要按个人需要得到实际的支援。
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课;
And they want to have fun. 他们想要快乐。
They want to go out, do interesting things with like-minded people, and make friends like we've all made friends at every stage of our lives. 他们想要出来跟志同道合的朋友玩乐, 像一般人在每个人生阶段结识新朋友。
like-minded:adj.志趣相投的;具有相似意向或目的的;
So we rented a phone line, hired a couple of handymen , and started a service we called "Circle." 于是我们租了一条电话线和请了数名杂务员, 展开一项叫“Circle”的服务。
handymen:n.手巧的人;[劳经]杂务工;水手;
And Circle offers its local membership a toll-free 0 800 number that they can call on demand for any support. 这项服务提供本地会员免费电话号码0800 他们有任何需求都可以立即打来。
membership:n.成员资格;(统称)会员;会员人数; toll-free:adj.不用付电话费的; on demand:请求即;按需;随选;随需应变;
And people have called us for so many reasons. 他们因为无数理由打来。
They've called because their pets are unwell , their DVD is broken, they've forgotten how to use their mobile phone , or maybe they are coming out of hospital and they want someone to be there. 有的是宠物不舒服, 有的是DVD 坏了,有的是忘了怎样使用手提电话; 又或者正要出院 希望有人在去接他。
unwell:adj.不舒服的;生病的; mobile phone:移动电话
And Circle also offers a rich social calendar -- knitting , darts , museum tours, hot air ballooning -- you name it. ＂Circle 还安排了丰富的社交活动-- 编织、掷飞标,参观博物馆、玩热气球--你想到的都有。
calendar:n.日历;挂历;v.把…记入日程表中; knitting:n.针织;编织物;[外科]骨愈合;v.编织;皱眉(knit的ing形式); darts:n.镖(dart的复数形式);射镖游戏;v.投掷;投射(dart的单三形式);
But here's the interesting thing, the really deep change: over time, the friendships that have formed have begun to replace the practical offer. 最有趣的是他们生活有彻底的变化: 经过一段时间,真正的友谊 已经建立,代替了实际的服务。
So let me tell you about Belinda. 让我告诉你贝琳达的故事。
Belinda's a Circle member, and she was going into hospital for a hip operation, so she called her local Circle to say they wouldn't see her for a bit. 她是 Circle 的会员,正要入院做关节手术, 她打电话告诉当地的 Circle 她会离开一阵子。
And Damon, who runs the local Circle, calls her back and says, "How can I help?" 戴蒙是,原地跑圈,打电话给她说:“我怎么帮忙”
And Belinda says, "Oh no, I'm fine -- 贝琳达 説:啊,没什么问题--
Jocelyn is doing the shopping, Tony's doing the gardening, 乔斯林负责购物,托尼打理花草,
Melissa and Joe are going to come in and cook and chat." 梅丽莎 和 乔会过来聊天和煮饭。
So five Circle members had organized themselves to take care of Belinda. 5个组员自行分配工作 去照顾贝琳达。
organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式)
And Belinda's 80, although she says that she feels 25 inside, but she also says that she felt stuck and pretty down when she joined Circle. 虽然贝琳达已经80岁,她感觉自己只有25岁。 但她也説 最初加入＂Circle 时,生活困难,心情很坏。
But the simple act of encouraging her to come along to that first event led to a process where natural friendships formed, friendships that today are replacing the need for expensive services. 但是会员的小小鼓励,让她参加第一次活动, 在那里很自然地结识新朋友, 现在友情已经替代了那些她需要的昂贵服务。
It's relationships that are making the difference. 这是人际关系带来改变。
So I think that three factors have converged that enable us to put relationships at the heart and center of how we solve social problems today. 我认为有3个因素汇聚一起 才能让我们把人际关系用为核心 用来解决今日的社会问题。
factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; converged:adj.收敛的;聚合的;v.聚集,使会聚(converge的过去式); enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行;
Firstly , the nature of the problems -- they've changed, and they require different solutions. 第一是问题的本质-- 它们变化无常,需要多种多样的解决方法。
Firstly:adv.首先(主要用于列举条目,论点时);第一;
Secondly, the cost, human as much as financial , of doing business as usual . 第二是经费,就像普通做生意的那样,经费越多人手越多。
financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; business as usual:na.照常营业;
And thirdly, technology . 第三是科技
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
I've talked about the first two factors. 我已谈论了首两个因素。
It's technology that enables these approaches to scale and potentially now support thousands of people. 因为科技,所以这个方式能够发挥到极致, 足以服务现在数以千计的人仕。
enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数) approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
So the technology we've used is really simple, it's made up of available things like databases, mobile phones. 我们采用的科技很简单, 只是由现有的东西组成,例如数据庫和手机。
made up of:由…组成,由…构成;
Circle has got this very simple system that underpins it, enables a small local team to support a membership of up to a thousand. 正因为 Circle 有一个非常简单的系统支援, 才使得当地的小组可以为上千名会员提供服务。
underpins:v.加强,巩固,构成;加固(墙)基;(underpin的第三人称单数)
And you can contrast this with a neighborhood organization of the 1970s, when this kind of scale just wasn't possible, neither was the quality or the longevity that the spine of technology can provide. 你可以把它和70年代的邻里组织 相比较, 这种规模的服务在当时是不可能的, 更遑论以科技为支柱让它变得更优质和长久。
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的; organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; longevity:n.长寿,长命;寿命; spine:n.脊柱,脊椎;刺;书脊;
So it's relationships underpinned by technology that can turn the Beveridge models on their heads. 所以科技可以巩固人际关系, 完全改变Beveridge 的模式。
underpinned:vt.巩固;支持;从下面支撑;加强…的基础;
The Beveridge models are all about institutions with finite resources , anonymously managing access. Beveridge 模式是关于利用有限资源的社福机构, 不具名的管理和投入。
finite:adj.有限的;限定的;n.有限之物; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); anonymously:adv.不具名地;化名地;
In my work at the front line , 我在前缐工作时,
front line:adj.前线的;第一线的;
I've seen again and again how up to 80 percent of resource is spent keeping people out. 见到多至80%的资源用在 不停用来把人们拒之门?。
again and again:adv.再三地,反复地;
So professionals have to administer these increasingly complex forms of administration that are basically about stopping people accessing the service or managing the queue. 专業人员必须要处理 那些日益复杂的行政表格, 其实是用来阻止人们获取服务 或者管理申请的轮候队伍。
administer:v.管理;施行;执行;给予;提供; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
And Circle, like the relational services that we and others have designed, inverts this logic . 所以我们设计了Circle这种感情化的服务, 去顛倒这种逻辑。
inverts:vt.使…转化; n.颠倒的事物; adj.转化的; logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的;
What it says is, the more people, the more relationships, the stronger the solution . 它的宗旨是越多人参与,所建立起的关系就越广泛, 解决办法越强。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
So I want to tell you my third and final story, which is about unemployment. 我想告诉大家第三,也是最后的故事, 它与失業有关。
In Britain, as in most places in the world, our welfare states were primarily designed to get people into work, to educate them for this, and to keep them healthy. 英国像世界上大部分地方一样, 制订国家福利的宗旨 是要人们就業, 让他们为此受教育, 让他们身体保持健康。
primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上;
But here, too, the systems are failing. 但福利制度,在这些方面也同样失效了。
And so the response has been to try and make these old systems even more efficient and transactional -- to speed up processing times, divide people into ever-smaller categories , 而政府的反应只是想把旧有制度 变得更有效率和交易化, 加快处理时间,把申请人归入更小的类别,
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; transactional:adj.交易型的;事务性的;事务处理的; processing:v.加工;处理;审核;数据处理;v.列队行进;缓缓前进;(process的现在分词) categories:n.(人或事物的)类别,种类(category的复数)
try and target services at them more efficiently -- in other words, the very opposite of relational. 更有效率地为市民提供适合的服务, 换言之,它走到了人际关系的对立面。
efficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式);
But guess how most people find work today? 但猜猜今日大多数人怎样找工作呢？
Through word of mouth. 那是经口耳相传的方法。
It turns out that in Britain today, most new jobs are not advertised . 最后发现今日的英国,大部分的新工作并不卖广告。
advertised:v.做广告;登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传(advertise的过去分词和过去式)
So it's friends that tell you about a job, it's friends that recommend you for a job, and it's a rich and diverse social network that helps you find work. 全靠朋友告诉你有新工作。 全靠朋友介绍你去见工。 那是多元和丰富的社会网络幫你找工作。
recommend:v.推荐;介绍;劝告;建议;使受欢迎; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的;
Maybe some of you here this evening are thinking, "But I found my job through an advert," 或许你们其中有些人今晚会想, ＂可是我因为看广告,才找到这份工。＂
but if you think back, it was probably a friend that showed you the ad and then encouraged you to apply . 但若你回想起来,可能也是朋友让你看到那个广告, 跟着鼓励你去申请。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
But not surprisingly , people who perhaps most need this rich and diverse network are those who are most isolated from it. 毫无意外地, 那些最需要丰富多元的人脉的人, 恰恰是那些被孤立的隔绝者。
surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地 isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
So knowing this, and also knowing about the costs and failure of current systems, we designed something new with relationships at its heart. 知道这个原因以后, 也知道现时制度失败和消耗的经费, 我们制以人际关系为重点订了新一套新方案。
We designed a service that encourages people to meet up, people in and out of work, to work together in structured ways and try new opportunities. 设计了一种鼓励人们聚在一起的服务, 无论人们失業和就業, 都有组织地合作 和找新机会。
structured:adj.有结构的;有组织的;v.组织;构成(structure的过去分词);建造;
And, well, it's very hard to compare the results of these new systems with the old transactional models, but it looks like, with our first 1,000 members, 这类新制度得来的成果跟旧制的贸易化模式 这是很难作比较, 看上去我们首个有着1千名会员的小组,
compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较;
we outperformed existing services by a factor of three, at a fraction of the cost. 比已存在系统要高效两倍 却只花费了一小部分的经费。
outperformed:v.(效益上)超过,胜过;(outperform的过去式和过去分词) fraction:n.分数;小部分;小数;少量;
And here, too, we've used technology, but not to network people in the way that a social platform would do. 而且我们也运用科技, 但不会像社交平台在网络连系。
in the way:妨碍;挡道; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
We've used it to bring people face to face and connect them with each other, building real relationships and supporting people to find work. 而是利用科技让人们会面的联络, 建立真正的关系,幫忙会员找工作。
At the end of his life, in 1948, 1948年,Beveridge 到了他生命的尽头,
Beveridge wrote a third report. 他写了第三份报告。
And in it he said he had made a dreadful mistake. 他在报告内提及自己犯了大错。
dreadful:adj.可怕的;糟透的,令人不快的;
He had left people and their communities out. 忽略了市民和社区的重要。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
And this omission , he said, led to seeing people, and people starting to see themselves, within the categories of the bureaucracies and the institutions. 这种疏漏把政府看待人们, 和人们怎样看待自己 归入官僚和机构的范畴。
omission:n.疏忽,遗漏;省略;冗长;
And human relationships were already withering . 人际关系已经渐渐凋零。
withering:adj.尖刻的; v.(使)枯萎,凋谢;
But unfortunately , this third report was much less read than Beveridge's earlier work. 不幸地,第三份报告远不如Beveridge 的早期着作 那样被人们传阅。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
But today, we need to bring people and their communities back into the heart of the way we design new systems and new services, in an approach that I call "Relational Welfare." 今日我们要带领社区和人们 返回我们设计的新系统和新服务方向。 采用我们称为＂福利关系＂的方式,
We need to leave behind these old, transactional, unsuitable , outdated models, and we need to adopt instead the shared collective relational responses that can support a family like Ella's, that can address an issue like loneliness, 我们必须舍弃以往古旧贸易化, 不适合又过时的模式。 而是要采用集体的共识 幫助像艾拉这样的家庭, 才能关注像孤独这类的议题,
leave behind:留下,丢下 unsuitable:adj.不适合的;不适宜的;不相称的; outdated:adj.过时的;旧式的;v.使过时(outdate的过去式和过去分词); adopt:v.采取;接受;收养;正式通过; responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数)
that can support people into work and up the skills curve in a modern labor market, that can also address challenges of education, of health care systems, and so many more of those problems that are pressing on our societies. 才能幫助人们就業和提升技能水平 适应现今的劳工市场, 也可以应对教育、医疗, 和无数压迫社会大众的问题。
curve:n.曲线;弯曲;曲面;弧线;v.(使)沿曲线移动;呈曲线形; health care:n.卫生保健;
It is all about relationships. 全部都是关乎人际关系。
Relationships are the critical resource we have. 人际关系是我们至关重要的资源。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) （鼓掌声）