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HelenFisher_2008-_恋爱中的大脑_
I and my colleagues Art Aron and Lucy Brown and others, have put 37 people who are madly in love into a functional MRI brain scanner . 我和阿尔特.阿伦、露西.布朗还有其他同事 对37位处在恋爱不同阶段的人的大脑 进行了核磁共振测试,
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); madly:adv.疯狂地;发狂地;精神失常地; functional:adj.功能的; scanner:n.[计]扫描仪;扫描器;光电子扫描装置;
17 who were happily in love, 15 who had just been dumped , and we're just starting our third experiment: studying people who report that they're still in love after 10 to 25 years of marriage. 其中17位正享受爱情带来的幸福,而15位则刚刚被甩。 我们刚刚开始第三项实验: 研究那些在10到25年后 仍然处在爱恋中的人们,
dumped:v.丢弃,扔掉;丢下;抛弃;倾销,抛售;(dump的过去分词和过去式)
So, this is the short story of that research. 接下来是关于这项研究的一些介绍。
short story:短篇小说(指一万字以内的小说);
In the jungles of Guatemala , in Tikal, stands a temple. 在危地马拉的丛林深处的提卡尔,矗立着一座神庙。
Guatemala:n.危地马拉(拉丁美洲国家);危地马拉人;
It was built by the grandest Sun King, of the grandest city state , of the grandest civilization of the Americas, the Mayas. 它由史上最显贵的太阳王建造, 位于最壮丽的城邦, 代表着美洲最伟大的古文明——玛雅。
city state:n.城邦; civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明;
His name was Jasaw Chan K'awiil. 这位君王,名曰Jasaw Chan K*awiil,
He stood over six feet tall. 他体型魁梧,
He lived into his 80s, and he was buried beneath this monument in 720 AD. 并活到了八十余岁, 在公元720葬于提卡尔神庙。
beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方; monument:n.丰碑;纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等);历史遗迹;有历史价值的建筑;
And Mayan inscriptions proclaim that he was deeply in love with his wife. 按照玛雅碑文的说法, 他深爱着他的妻子。
inscriptions:n.铭文;碑文;题字(inscription的复数); proclaim:vt.宣告,公布;声明;表明;赞扬;
So, he built a temple in her honor, facing his. 他为妻子修建了一座神庙,正对着提卡尔神庙。
And every spring and autumn, exactly at the equinox , the sun rises behind his temple, and perfectly bathes her temple with his shadow. 每到春分或秋分, 太阳在提卡尔神庙后升起, 而他妻子的神庙便浸浴在拖长的影子中。
equinox:n.春分;秋分;昼夜平分点; bathes:vt.沐浴;用水洗;vi.洗澡;沐浴;n.洗澡;游泳;
And as the sun sets behind her temple in the afternoon, it perfectly bathes his temple with her shadow. 到了下午落日之时, 他妻子的神庙的影子也会完全遮罩在提卡尔神庙上。
After 1,300 years, these two lovers still touch and kiss from their tomb. 直到1300年后的今天, 这对恋人的陵墓依旧互相拥抱、亲吻。
lovers:n.情人(lover的复数形式);
Around the world people love. 世界各地的人都有不同的爱情。
They sing for love, they dance for love, they compose poems and stories about love. 人们为爱情歌唱,人们因爱情起舞, 人们通过诗赋和故事来抒发爱情。
compose:v.组成;作曲;创作(音乐);撰写(信函、讲稿、诗歌等);
They tell myths and legends about love. 人们讲述关于爱情的神话和传说。
myths:神话;谬见; legends:n.传说; (legend的复数)
They pine for love, they live for love, they kill for love, and they die for love. 人们渴望爱情,因爱而生, 人们为爱着迷,甚至为爱而死。
pine:n.松木;松树;vi.难过,悲伤
As Walt Whitman once said, he said,"Oh, I would stake all for you." 沃尔特.惠特曼曾说过: “我愿意为你赌上我的一切！”
Walt:adj.空心的; stake:n.桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;v.资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌;
Anthropologists have found evidence of romantic love in 170 societies. 人类学家在170个社会中发现了爱情存在的证据。
Anthropologists:[人类]人类学家; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人;
They've never found a society that did not have it. 爱情普遍地存在于每一个人类社会。
But love isn't always a happy experience. 但爱情并不总是愉快的经历。
In one study of college students, they asked a lot of questions about love, but the two that stood out to me the most were, "Have you ever been rejected by somebody who you really loved?" 在一项针对大学生的调查中, 他们提出了很多关于爱情的问题, 其中的两个特别让我印象深刻, 一个是“你曾经被你真心爱着的人拒绝过吗？”
rejected:adj.被拒的;不合格的;v.拒绝,驳回;(reject的过去式和过去分词)
And the second question was, "Have you ever dumped somebody who really loved you?" 而另一个则是 “你曾经拒绝过真心爱着你的人吗？”
And almost 95 percent of both men and women said yes to both. 对于这两个问题,有95%的人作出了肯定的答复。
Almost nobody gets out of love alive. 要活着走出爱情几乎是不可能的。
So, before I start telling you about the brain, 那么,在开始讲述关于大脑的事情前,
I want to read for you what I think is the most powerful love poem on Earth. 我要读一段 在我看来最富深情的情诗。
There's other love poems that are, of course, just as good, but I don't think this one can be surpassed . 当然,很多情诗都很不错, 但我认为它们都无法超越这首。
surpassed:v.超过,凌驾(surpass的过去分词形式);
It was told by an anonymous Kwakutl Indian of southern Alaska to a missionary in 1896, and here it is. 在1896年的南阿拉斯加,一位不知名的夸扣特尔印第安人 把它讲述给了一名传教士。
anonymous:adj.匿名的,无名的;无个性特征的; missionary:adj.传教的;传教士的;n.传教士;
I've never had the opportunity to say it before. 这是我第一次当众读它。
'"Fire runs through my body with the pain of loving you, pain runs through my body with the fires of my love for you. “爱你之痛如熊熊烈焰穿透我的身体; 对你如火一般的热恋让疼痛贯穿我的身体。
Pain like a boil about to burst with my love for you, consumed by fire with my love for you, 痛楚如沸水,饱含我对你的爱, 爱的火焰将其蒸发殆尽。
burst:v.破裂;爆炸;突破;冲进;n.爆发;点射;释放;(情感的)迸发; consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式)
I remember what you said to me. 我仍记得你对我说的话,
I am thinking of your love for me, 我想着你对我的爱,
I am torn by your love for me. 它将我的躯体撕裂。
Pain and more pain, where are you going with my love? 疼痛,更多的疼痛, 你要把我的爱带至何处？
I am told you will go from here. 你对我说,你将从这里出发;
I am told you will leave me here. 你对我说,你将在这儿把我遗弃。
My body is numb with grief . 我因此悲痛,因此失去知觉。
grief:n.悲痛;忧伤;不幸;
Remember what I said, my love. 带上我的只言片语,我的爱人！
Goodbye, my love, goodbye." 再见,吾爱,再见！
Emily Dickinson once wrote, "Parting is all we need to know of hell." 艾米莉.狄金森曾写道, “人因离别而品尝地狱”
How many people have suffered in all the millions of years of human evolution ? 在人类百万余年的进化过程中, 有多少人曾遭受这样的痛苦？
evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进;
How many people around the world are dancing with elation at this very minute? 而此时此刻, 世界各地又有多少人在尽情跳舞？
elation:n.兴高采烈,得意洋洋;
Romantic love is one of the most powerful sensations on Earth. 爱情是世上最有力的感情。
sensations:n.感觉;轰动;感动;
So, several years ago, I decided to look into the brain and study this madness. 所以多年之前,我决定研究 大脑中的这种狂热的情感。
Our first study of people who were happily in love has been widely publicized , so I'm only going to say a very little about it. 我们第一项对处在幸福爱恋中的人们的研究 得到了很好地宣传, 因此我只简短地介绍一下。
publicized:v.宣传(publicize的过去分词);公布;广告;
We found activity in a tiny little factory near the base of the brain called the ventral tegmental area. 我们发现在大脑底部附近有一块活跃的微小的区域 ——腹侧背盖区。
ventral:adj.腹侧的;[解剖]腹部的;n.腹鳍; tegmental:adj.顶盖的;被盖;盖膜;
We found activity in some cells called the A10 cells. 其中活跃的细胞称为ApEn细胞。
Cells that actually make dopamine , a natural stimulant , and spray it to many brain regions . 实际上,这种细胞制造了多巴胺——一种天然的兴奋剂, 并将它散发到大脑的众多区域。
dopamine:n.[生化]多巴胺(一种治脑神经病的药物); stimulant:n.[药]兴奋剂;刺激物;酒精饮料;adj.激励的;使人兴奋的; spray:n.喷雾; v.喷; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数)
Indeed this part, the VTA, is part of the brain's reward system. 准确地说来,这里腹侧背盖区是大脑奖励系统的一部分。
reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏;
It's way below your cognitive thinking process . 它运作在潜意识中,
cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
It's below your emotions . 也不受情绪控制。
emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
It's part of what we call the reptilian core of the brain, associated with wanting, with motivation , with focus and with craving . 腹侧背盖区也是被我们称作爬虫类脑核的部分。 它关系到欲求、动机、 专注和渴望。
reptilian:adj.爬虫类的;卑鄙的;n.爬虫类动物; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) motivation:n.动机;积极性;推动; craving:n.渴望;热望;v.渴望;恳求;(crave的现在分词);
In fact, the same brain region where we found activity becomes active also when you feel the rush of cocaine . 事实上,这一片区域 在可卡因瘾发作时也会活跃起来。
cocaine:n.[药]可卡因;
But romantic love is much more than a cocaine high -- at least you come down from cocaine. 但比起可卡因,爱情让它更加活跃—— 至少你还能从可卡因中回过神来。
Romantic love is an obsession . It possesses you. 爱情萦绕于心,占据着你。
obsession:n.痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理]强迫观念; possesses:拥有;掌握;占据(possess的第三人称单数);
You lose your sense of self. 你失去自我意识,
You can't stop thinking about another human being. 不能自主地去想他
Somebody is camping in your head. ——他一直盘踞在你脑中。
As an eighth-century Japanese poet said, "My longing had no time when it ceases ." 就如8世纪的一位日本诗人所说, “我的渴求永不停止。”
ceases:n.停止(cease的复数形式);v.停止(cease的第三人称单数);终了;
Wild is love. 爱情是狂热的。
And the obsession can get worse when you've been rejected. 当你被抛弃之后,牵挂会更深。
So, right now, Lucy Brown and I, the neuroscientist on our project, are looking at the data of the people who were put into the machine after they had just been dumped. 我和项目组中的神经系统学家露西.布朗 当下正在研究 被抛弃的人们的核磁共振测试数据。
neuroscientist:n.神经系统科学家;
It was very difficult actually, putting these people in the machine, because they were in such bad shape. 但说服他们 进行测验实在是困难, 因为他们心情实在是太糟了。
(Laughter) （笑）
So anyway, we found activity in three brain regions. 总之,我们在大脑中发现了三个与之有关的区域。
We found activity in the brain region, in exactly the same brain region associated with intense romantic love. 我们在那块大脑区域, 也就是腹侧背盖区, 找到了与热恋相关的大脑活动。
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的;
What a bad deal. 这是多么坏的事情啊！
You know, when you've been dumped, the one thing you love to do is just forget about this human being, and then go on with your life, but no, you just love them harder. 当你被甩之后, 你会想着要忘掉他, 并继续你的正常生活, 但事与愿违,你只会更爱他了。
As the poet Terence, the Roman poet once said, he said, "The less my hope, the hotter my love." 就像罗马诗人特伦斯曾说过的: “我的祈求越少,我的爱情便越炽烈。”
And indeed, we now know why. 时至今日,我们知道这是为什么了。
2,000 years later, we can explain this in the brain. 2000年后的今天,我们能够解释大脑中的这一过程。
That brain system, the reward system for wanting, for motivation, for craving, for focus, becomes more active when you can't get what you want. 大脑中的奖赏系统 与欲望、动机、渴望和专注有关, 它在你不能得到你所要的时,反而变得更加活跃。
In this case, life's greatest prize: an appropriate mating partner. 倘若如此,生命中最大的奖赏即是: 一个适当的约会对象。
appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; mating:n.交尾;交配;v.交配;交尾;使交配;(mate的现在分词)
We found activity in other brain regions also -- in a brain region associated with calculating gains and losses. 我们发现大脑中 计算得失的区域也与爱情有关。
You know, you're lying there, you're looking at the picture, and you're in this machine, and you're calculating, you know, what went wrong. 测试者躺在核磁共振仪中, 看着昔日爱人的照片, 然后开始回想到底是什么出错了。
How, you know, what have I lost? 我失去了什么？
As a matter of fact , Lucy and I have a little joke about this. 事实上,露西和我对此开过一些玩笑。
As a matter of fact:事实上;
It comes from a David Mamet play, and there's two con artists in the play, and the woman is conning the man, and the man looks at the woman and says, "Oh, you're a bad pony , I'm not going to bet on you." 在大卫.梅米特的一部剧中, 有两个行骗高手, 其中女士在勾引男士, 于是他看着那位女士说: “你真调皮,我是不会犯错的。”
conning:v.欺骗,哄骗,诈骗;(con的现在分词) pony:n.矮种马;小型马;adj.小型的;每日摘要的;v.付清; bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿;
And indeed, it's this part of the brain, the core of the nucleus accumbens, that is becoming active as you're measuring your gains and losses. 当你在计算得失时, 大脑中的这部分——伏隔核的核心 变得活跃起来。
nucleus:n.核,核心;原子核;
It's also the brain region that becomes active when you're willing to take enormous risks for huge gains and huge losses. 当你要因为得到或失去 而去冒巨大的风险时, 它也会变得活跃。
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
Last but not least , we found activity in a brain region associated with deep attachment to another individual . 最后,我们还在一块区域中 发现了与深度依恋有关的大脑活动。
Last but not least:最后但不是最不重要的一点; attachment:n.附件;依恋;连接物;扣押财产; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
No wonder people suffer around the world and we have so many crimes of passion . 难怪世界各地的人们都遭受着痛苦, 难怪我们中这么多人被负心的情人伤害
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
When you've been rejected in love, not only are you engulfed with feelings of romantic love, but you're feeling deep attachment to this individual. 当你被爱抛弃时, 你不仅被对爱情的渴望吞没, 而且感到对他深深的依恋。
engulfed:vt.吞没;吞食,狼吞虎咽;
Moreover , this brain circuit for reward is working, and you're feeling intense energy, intense focus, intense motivation and the willingness to risk it all to win life's greatest prize. 此外,大脑的奖赏回路开始工作, 这使得你感到强烈的精力,强烈的专注, 强烈的干劲,和想要不顾一切地 赢得生命中最高奖赏的愿望。
Moreover:adv.而且;此外; circuit:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游; willingness:n.乐意;心甘情愿;自动自发;
So, what have I learned from this experiment that I would like to tell the world? 那么,关于这次实验, 我又有什么样的体会要分享给全世界呢？
Foremost , I have come to think that romantic love is a drive, a basic mating drive. 最重要的一点,我的结论是 爱情是人类最基本的寻求配对的冲动。
Foremost:adj.最重要的;最先的;adv.首先;居于首位地;
Not the sex drive -- the sex drive gets you out there looking for a whole range of partners. 这不是性冲动——性冲动让你寻找 能够成为性伴侣的人。
Romantic love enables you to focus your mating energy on just one at a time , conserve your mating energy, and start the mating process with this single individual. 而爱情让你同时只对一个人产生配对的冲动, 并节制地使用它, 开始同他恋爱。
enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数) one at a time:每次一个;一次一个; conserve:vt.保存;将…做成蜜饯;使守恒;n.果酱;蜜饯;
I think of all the poetry that I've read about romantic love, what sums it up best is something that is said by Plato over 2,000 years ago. 我脑海中浮现出读过的所有关于爱情的诗篇, 其中最适合概括这一点的是 2000多年前的诗人柏拉图的一首诗,
poetry:n.诗;诗意,诗情;诗歌艺术; sums:n.算术题;总数;全部;v.归纳;总计;(sum的第三人称单数和复数) Plato:n.柏拉图(古希腊哲学家);
He said, "The god of love lives in a state of need. “爱神栖于爱欲之国。
It is a need. It is an urge. 爱是欲求,是冲动,
It is a homeostatic imbalance . 是恒久的失衡。
homeostatic:adj.内环境稳定的;体内平衡的; imbalance:n.不平衡;不安定;
Like hunger and thirst, it's almost impossible to stamp out ." 如饥似渴,不能熄灭。”
stamp out:扑灭;踩灭;
I've also come to believe that romantic love is an addiction : a perfectly wonderful addiction when it's going well, and a perfectly horrible addiction when it's going p oorly. 我同样也相信爱情让人成瘾: 爱若甜蜜,人们沉溺其中; 爱若苦涩,人们深陷其中,难以自拔。
addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷;
And indeed, it has all of the characteristics of addiction. 确然,爱情拥有成瘾的所有特征,
characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数)
You focus on the person, you obsessively think about them, you crave them, you distort reality, your willingness to take enormous risks to win this person. 你专注于他,执念于他, 渴望得到他,并扭曲现实, 愿不顾一切以赢得他的爱。
obsessively:adv.过分地;着迷地,着魔似地; crave:v.渴望;恳求; distort:v.使变形;扭曲;使失真;歪曲;
And it's got the three main characteristics of addiction. 成瘾的三个主要特征也在爱情上得以体现:
Tolerance --you need to see them more, and more, and more -- withdrawals , and last, relapse . 首先是耐受性——你总是想要得到更多以维持最初的感觉, 而后耐受性消退,最后又复发。
Tolerance:n.公差;耐量;宽容;容忍; withdrawals:n.[金融]提款,[法]撤回(withdrawal的复数形式);退股; relapse:vi.故态复萌;旧病复发;再度堕落;再陷邪道;n.复发,再发;故态复萌;回复原状;
I've got a girlfriend who's just getting over a terrible love affair , it's been about eight months, she's beginning to feel better. 我的一位女朋友刚从一段痛苦的恋情中恢复过来, 经过了八个月,她终于好多了。
love affair:n.风流韵事;(非夫妻间的)性关系;强烈的兴趣;
And she was driving along in her car the other day , and suddenly she heard a song on the car radio that reminded her of this man. 这之后的一天,她正开着车, 收音机里的一首歌 让她又想起了那个男人。
the other day:不久前某一天;几天以前; reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式)
And she -- not only did the instant craving come back, but she had to pull over from the side of the road and cry. 于是,瞬时的渴望充满全身, 她控制不住情绪,把车停在路边, 大哭了一场。
instant:n.瞬间; adj.立即的; conj.同"assoonas";
So, one thing I would like the medical community , and the legal community , and even the college community , to see if they can understand, that indeed, romantic love is one of the most addictive substances on Earth. 因此,我希望医学界、 法学界和高教界 都关注到上述这一点: 爱情确实是世界上最让人成瘾的东西。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; addictive:adj.使人上瘾的;使人入迷的; substances:n.[物]物质;基本内容;物品药物(substance的复数);
I would also like to tell the world that animals love. 我还想分享一下关于动物爱情的故事。
There's not an animal on this planet that will copulate with anything that comes along. 世界上任何一种动物 都不会饥不择食地寻找活物进行交配。
copulate:vi.交配;交媾;adj.连接的;联合的;结合的;
Too old, too young, too scruffy , too stupid, and they won't do it. 太老的、太年轻的、太脏的或是太蠢笨的,它们都不会选择。
scruffy:adj.破旧的;肮脏的;不整齐的;
Unless you're stuck in a laboratory cage -- and you know, if you spend your entire life in a little box, you're not going to be as picky about who you have sex with -- but I've looked in a hundred species , and everywhere in the wild, animals have favorites. 除非你把它们关在实验室的笼子里—— 当然,如果你在笼子里度过一生, 也不会那么挑食了。 在调查了一百个物种后, 我发现野外的每一个角落,每一只动物都有各自的心之归属。
laboratory:n.实验室,研究室; picky:adj.挑剔的;吹毛求疵的;过分讲究的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
As a matter of fact ethologists know this. 事实上,生态学家知道这些。
There's over eight words for what they call animal favoritism : selective proceptivity, mate choice, female choice, sexual choice. 用四个词可以概括动物各自的偏爱: 选择性感知,配偶选择,雌性选择,性选择。
favoritism:n.偏袒;得宠; selective:adj.选择性的;有选择的;认真挑选的;严格筛选的; mate:n.助手,大副; v.使配对; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的;
And indeed, there are three academic articles in which they've looked at this attraction, which may only last for a second, but it's a definite attraction, 这儿有三篇学术文章 涉及到了这种吸引力。 虽然这种吸引力也许只维持一秒, 但它确实是存在的。
academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者; definite:adj.一定的;确切的;
and either this same brain region, this reward system, or the chemicals of that reward system are involved . 而且牵涉到大脑中到腹侧背盖区和奖赏系统 （更确切的说是奖赏系统中的相关化学物质）。
chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
In fact, I think animal attraction can be instant -- you can see an elephant instantly go for another elephant. 事实上,我相信动物间的吸引力是可以即刻产生的—— 我们能看到,大象有时会突然被另一头大象吸引。
And I think that this is really the origins of what you and I call, " love at first sight ." 我相信这就是我们所说的 “一见钟情”的源头。
origins:n.起源; (origin的复数) love at first sight:一见钟情;一见锺情;一见倾心;闪电恋爱;
People have often asked me whether what I know about love has spoiled it for me. 人们常问我是不是 因为研究爱情太多而没了爱的兴致。
spoiled:v.破坏;搞坏;毁掉;溺爱;宠坏;善待;(spoil的过去分词和过去式)
And I just simply say, hardly. 这基本是不可能的。
You can know every single ingredient in a piece of chocolate cake, and then when you sit down and eat that cake, you can still feel that joy. 就如同在了解一块巧克力蛋糕中的所有成份后, 我仍然能够品味 吃蛋糕的乐趣。
ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分;adj.构成组成部分的;
And certainly I make all the same mistakes that everybody else does too, but it's really deepened my understanding and compassion , really, for all human life. 我也同样会 犯大家都会犯的错, 但这些经历加深了我的对爱情的理解, 并让我对所有人都更有爱心。
all the same:仍然:依然:照样: deepened:v.加强,变强烈;(使)变糟,恶化,严重;(使)变深;(deepen的过去分词和过去式) compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
As a matter of fact, in New York I often catch myself looking in baby carriages and feeling a little sorry for the tot, and in fact sometimes I feel a little sorry for the chicken on my dinner plate, when I think of how intense this brain system is. 比如,我在纽约时, 常看着婴儿车里的小孩,并感到一丝同情。 有时,当想到大脑是多么富有感情, 我会对餐桌上的鸡 抱有歉意。
carriages:n.[铁路]车厢(carriage的复数);四轮马车;
Our newest experiment has been hatched by my colleague, Art Aron, putting people who are reporting that they are still in love, in a long-term relationship, into the functional MRI. 我们最近的实验 由我的同事阿尔特.阿伦操作进行, 内容是对长期相处后仍能够保持相恋的情侣们 进行核磁共振测试。
hatched:v.孵出;出壳;孵化;破壳;(hatch的过去分词和过去式) long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
We've put five people in so far, and indeed, we found exactly the same thing. They're not lying. 至此,我们一共测试了5对这样的情侣, 并发现了他们共同的特点。
The brain areas associated with intense romantic love, still become active, 25 years later. 在他们相恋25年后, 他们大脑中与热恋相关的区域 仍然保持活跃。
There are still many questions to be answered and asked about romantic love. 关于爱情 还有很多未解开的迷。
The question that I'm working on right this minute, and I'm only going to say it for a second and then end, is why do you fall in love with one person, rather than another? 现在我简短地说一下 我正研究问题: 为什么你会爱上他,而不是别人？
fall in love with:爱上......;与......相爱;
I never would have even thought to think of this, but Match.com, the internet dating site , came to me three years ago and asked me that question. 原本我并没有想要去思考这个问题, 但在三年前,一个约会网站Match.com找到我, 并问了我这个问题。
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
And I said, I don't know. 我只能说“我不知道”。
I know what happens in the brain, when you do become in love, but I don't know why you fall in love with one person rather than another. 我所知道的是人们恋爱时,大脑中到底发生了什么, 但我却不知道 为什么他就是你命中注定的爱人。
And so, I've spent the last three years on this. 所以,这三年我都在思考这个问题。
And there's many reasons that you fall in love with one person rather than another, that psychologists can tell you. 心理学家告诉我们 一定有很多原因使你爱上他,而不是另一个人。
psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式);
And we tend to fall in love with somebody from the same socioeconomic background, the same general level of intelligence , the same general level of good looks, the same religious values. 我们会倾向于 在同等的社会、经济背景, 同样智力水平, 同等的相貌, 以及相同的宗教信仰中找到自己的爱人。
socioeconomic:adj.社会经济学的; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑;
Your childhood certainly plays a role but nobody knows how. 而童年的经历也会影响人们的爱情,但如何作用却无人知晓。
childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期
And that's about it, that's all they know. 就是这些,心理学家知道的只有这些。
No, they've never found the way two personalities fit together to make a good relationship. 而且,他们不知道在良好的关系中, 双方的人格是如何配合的。
personalities:n.性格;个性;人格;气质;名人;(personality的复数)
So, it began to occur to me that maybe your biology pulls you towards some people rather than another. 因此,我开始思考 为什么我们接近这一群人,而不是其他人, 这是不是有生物上的解释。
occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在; biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
And I have concocted a questionnaire to see to what degree you express dopamine, serotonin , estrogen and testosterone . 为此,我做了一份问卷调查, 以探明人们如何显现多巴胺、血清素、雌激素和睾丸激素的性状。
concocted:vt.捏造;混合而制;调合;图谋; questionnaire:n.问卷;调查表; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务; serotonin:n.[生化]血清素;5-羟色胺(血管收缩素); estrogen:n.雌性激素; testosterone:n.[生化]睾酮,睾丸素(男性荷尔蒙的一种);
I think we've evolved four very broad personality types associated with the ratios of these four chemicals in the brain. 我相信这四种物质在大脑中的不同配比 让人类演化出了四种非常普遍的人格类型。
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色; ratios:n.比率(ratio的复数); v.以比率表示;
And on this dating site that I have created, called Chemistry.com. I ask you first a series of questions to see to what degree you express these chemicals, and I'm watching who chooses who to love. 所以我在Mating.com上创建了一个子站:Chemistry.com。 第一部分的问题 用来确认上述四种物质在你的大脑中是如何显现性状的。 最后网站记录下是谁选择了谁。
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书;
And 3.7 million people have taken the questionnaire in America, about 600,000 people have taken it in 33 other countries. 总共有370万美国人和 60万来自其他33个国家的人做了这项测试。
I'm putting the data together now, and at some point -- there will always be magic to love, but I think I will come closer to understanding why it is you can walk into a room and everybody is from your background, your same general level of intelligence, your same general level of good looks, and you don't feel pulled towards all of them. 我正在对测试数据进行整理。 一定程度上,爱情总是神秘的, 但我相信我会逐步接近问题的答案—— 当你走进一间房间时, 每一个人都是和你同样的背景, 你们处在同样的智力水平上, 你们有同等的相貌, 但为什么你不会被所有这些人所吸引？
I think there's biology to that. 我认为这一定有生物学上的解释。
I think we're going to end up in the next few years to understand all kinds of brain mechanisms that pull us to one person rather than another. 我想几年之内 我们就可以理解大脑 是如何让我们找到我们唯一爱的人。
mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
So, I will close with this. These are my older people. 那样,我就更接近答案了。 这是我的父母。
Faulkner once said, "The past is not dead, it's not even the past." 福克纳曾说过:“过去未曾消逝, 它们还留在心中。”
Faulkner:n.福克纳(美国小说家,曾获1949年诺贝尔文学奖);
Indeed, we carry a lot of luggage from our yesteryear in the human brain. 确实是这样,我们把从过去带来的大量的行李 堆放在大脑中。
luggage:n.行李;皮箱; yesteryear:n.不久以前;去年;adv.过去不久的岁月;
And so there's one thing that makes me pursue my understanding of human nature , and this reminds me of it. 我心里总存在一种力量, 让我想要理解人性, 而这也让我想到了这幅照片。
pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠; human nature:n.人性; reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数)
These are two women. 这是两个女人。
Women tend to get intimacy differently than men do. 女人们倾向于更亲昵的言行而不像男人们那样。
intimacy:n.亲密;密切;关系密切;性行为;
Women get intimacy from-face to-face talking. 女人们从面对面的交谈中获得了亲切感,
We swivel towards each other, we do what we call the "anchoring gaze " and we talk. 我们转向对方, 并在交谈中注视着对方。
swivel:n.转环;转椅座架;vt.使旋转;vi.旋转; gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视;
This is intimacy to women. 这就是女性相互理解的方式。
I think it comes from millions of years of holding that baby in front of your face, cajoling it, reprimanding it, educating it with words. 我想这是源于长久的进化岁月中, 女人总是把婴儿抱在面前, 哄他们、训诫他们、教导他们。
cajoling:vt.以甜言蜜语哄骗;勾引; reprimanding:n.谴责;训斥;申诉;vt.谴责;训斥;责难;
Men tend to get intimacy from side-by-side doing, 而男人们总是在侧坐的交谈中找到亲切感。
side-by-side:adj.并肩的;并行的;
(Laughter) （笑）
As soon as one guy looks up, the other guy will look away. 当一个人看着对方时,另一个人会望向别处。
As soon as:一…就;
(Laughter) （笑）
I think it comes from millions of years of standing behind that -- sitting behind the bush , looking straight ahead, trying to hit that buffalo on the head with a rock. 我想这源自远古时期, 男人们藏在灌木丛中, 看着前方, 并想着用手中的石块砸向野牛的头。
bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; buffalo:n.[畜牧][脊椎]水牛;[脊椎]野牛(产于北美);水陆两用坦克;
(Laughter) （笑）
I think for millions of years men faced their enemies, they sat side by side with friends. 在数万年的人类历史中,男人们和朋友坐在一起, 一起面对共同敌人。
side by side:adj.并肩的;并行的;
So my final statement is: love is in us. 所以我的主张是:爱就在我们心中。
statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
It's deeply embedded in the brain. 它深深地扎根在大脑中。
embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
Our challenge is to understand each other. Thank you. 理解对方是我们所追求的目标。谢谢大家！
(Applause) （掌声）