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HelenFisher_2006-_解密爱情与出轨_
I'd like to talk today about the two biggest social trends in the coming century, and perhaps in the next 10,000 years. [00:12]
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数)
But I want to start with my work on romantic love, because that's my most recent work. [00:22]
romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人;
What I and my colleagues did was put 32 people, who were madly in love, into a functional MRI brain scanner . [00:28]
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); madly:adv.疯狂地;发狂地;精神失常地; functional:adj.功能的; scanner:n.[计]扫描仪;扫描器;光电子扫描装置;
17 who were madly in love and their love was accepted; and 15 who were madly in love and they had just been dumped . [00:35]
dumped:v.丢弃,扔掉;丢下;抛弃;倾销,抛售;(dump的过去分词和过去式)
And so I want to tell you about that first, and then go on into where I think love is going. [00:42]
(Laughter) [00:48]
'"What 'tis to love?" Shakespeare said. [00:50]
Shakespeare:n.莎士比亚(英国剧作家);
I think our ancestors -- [00:54]
I think human beings have been wondering about this question since they sat around their campfires or lay and watched the stars a million years ago. [00:56]
campfires:n.营火;营火会;
I started out by trying to figure out what romantic love was by looking at the last 45 years of the psychological research and as it turns out, there's a very specific group of things that happen when you fall in love. [01:06]
psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
The first thing that happens is, a person begins to take on what I call, "special meaning." [01:21]
As a truck driver once said to me, "The world had a new center, and that center was Mary Anne." [01:27]
George Bernard Shaw said it differently. [01:33]
Shaw:n.林薮;杂木林;
'"Love consists of overestimating the differences between one woman and another." [01:35]
consists:v.由…构成;由…组成(consist的三单形式); overestimating:v.高估;(overestimate的现在分词)
And indeed, that's what we do. [01:40]
(Laughter) [01:42]
And then you just focus on this person. [01:45]
You can list what you don't like about them, but then you sweep that aside and focus on what you do. [01:48]
As Chaucer said, " Love is blind ." [01:54]
Chaucer:n.乔叟(英国作家); Love is blind:爱情是盲目的;情人眼里出西施;爱是盲目的;
In trying to understand romantic love, [01:58]
I decided I would read poetry from all over the world, and I just want to give you one very short poem from eighth-century China, because it's an almost perfect example of a man who is focused totally on a particular woman. [02:00]
poetry:n.诗;诗意,诗情;诗歌艺术;
It's a little bit like when you are madly in love with somebody and you walk into a parking lot -- their car is different from every other car in the parking lot. [02:13]
parking lot:n.停车场;
Their wine glass at dinner is different from every other wine glass at the dinner party . [02:21]
wine glass:酒杯; dinner party:晚宴;
And in this case, a man got hooked on a bamboo sleeping mat. [02:27]
hooked:adj.弯曲的; v.(使)钩住,挂住; (hook的过去分词和过去式)
And it goes like this. [02:31]
It's by a guy called Yuan Zhen. [02:32]
'"I cannot bear to put away the bamboo sleeping mat. [02:35]
The night I brought you home, I watched you roll it out." [02:38]
He became hooked on a sleeping mat, probably because of elevated activity of dopamine in his brain, just like with you and me. [02:42]
elevated:adj.提高的;高尚的;欢欣的;v.提高;振奋;提拔;(elevate的过去分词和过去式) dopamine:n.[生化]多巴胺(一种治脑神经病的药物);
But anyway, not only does this person take on special meaning, you focus your attention on them. [02:49]
You aggrandize them. [02:54]
aggrandize:vt.增加;夸大;强化;
But you have intense energy. [02:56]
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的;
As one Polynesian said, "I felt like jumping in the sky." [02:58]
Polynesian:adj.波利尼西亚的;波利尼西亚人的;n.波利尼西亚人;
You're up all night. You're walking till dawn . [03:02]
dawn:n.黎明;开端;vt.破晓;出现;被领悟;
You feel intense elation when things are going well; mood swings into horrible despair when things are going poorly. [03:05]
elation:n.兴高采烈,得意洋洋; mood:n.情绪,语气;心境;气氛; horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望;
Real dependence on this person. [03:12]
dependence:n.依赖;依靠;信任;信赖;
As one businessman in New York said to me, "Anything she liked, I liked." [03:14]
Simple. Romantic love is very simple. [03:19]
You become extremely sexually possessive . [03:22]
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; sexually:adv.性,性欲 possessive:adj.占有的;所有的;所有格的;占有欲强的;n.所有格;
You know, if you're just sleeping with somebody casually , you don't really care if they're sleeping with somebody else. [03:25]
casually:adv.偶然;临时;
But the moment you fall in love, you become extremely sexually possessive of them. [03:30]
I think there's a Darwinian purpose to this. [03:34]
Darwinian:adj.达尔文的;达尔文学说的;n.进化论者;
The whole point of this is to pull two people together strongly enough to begin to rear babies as a team. [03:38]
rear:adj.后方的;后面的;n.后部;屁股;臀部;v.抚养;培养;饲养;用后腿直立;
But the main characteristics of romantic love are craving : an intense craving to be with a particular person, not just sexually, but emotionally . [03:45]
characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数) craving:n.渴望;热望;v.渴望;恳求;(crave的现在分词); emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地;
It would be nice to go to bed with them, but you want them to call you on the telephone, to invite you out, etc., to tell you that they love you. [03:53]
The other main characteristic is motivation . [04:04]
motivation:n.动机;积极性;推动;
The motor in the brain begins to crank , and you want this person. [04:09]
crank:n.曲柄;奇想;adj.易怒的;vt.装曲柄;
And last but not least , it is an obsession . [04:13]
last but not least:最后但不是最不重要的一点; obsession:n.痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理]强迫观念;
Before I put these people in the MRI machine, [04:16]
I would ask them all kinds of questions. [04:20]
But my most important question was always the same. [04:22]
It was: "What percentage of the day and night do you think about this person?" [04:25]
percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成;
And indeed, they would say, "All day. All night. [04:30]
I can never stop thinking about him or her." [04:34]
And then, the very last question -- [04:37]
I would always have to work myself up to this question, because I'm not a psychologist . [04:38]
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者;
I don't work with people in any kind of traumatic situation. [04:43]
traumatic:adj.外伤的;创伤的;n.外伤药;
My final question was always the same. [04:46]
I would say, "Would you die for him or her?" [04:48]
And, indeed, these people would say "Yes!" [04:51]
as if I had asked them to pass the salt. [04:53]
I was just staggered by it. [04:55]
staggered:adj.错列的;吃惊的;v.蹒跚(stagger的过去式和过去分词);
So we scanned their brains, looking at a photograph of their sweetheart and looking at a neutral photograph, with a distraction task in between. [04:59]
sweetheart:n.亲爱的;甜心;爱人;心上人 neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的; distraction:n.注意力分散;消遣;心烦意乱;
So we could look at the same brain when it was in that heightened state and when it was in a resting state. [05:08]
heightened:v.(使)加强,提高,增加;(heighten的过去式和过去分词)
And we found activity in a lot of brain regions . [05:15]
regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数)
In fact, one of the most important was a brain region that becomes active when you feel the rush of cocaine . [05:18]
cocaine:n.[药]可卡因;
And indeed, that's exactly what happens. [05:24]
I began to realize that romantic love is not an emotion. [05:27]
In fact, I had always thought it was a series of emotions , from very high to very low. [05:32]
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
But actually, it's a drive. [05:36]
It comes from the motor of the mind, the wanting part of the mind, the craving part of the mind. [05:38]
The kind of part of the mind when you're reaching for that piece of chocolate, when you want to win that promotion at work. [05:44]
The motor of the brain. [05:52]
It's a drive. [05:54]
And in fact, I think it's more powerful than the sex drive. [05:55]
You know, if you ask somebody to go to bed with you, and they say, "No, thank you," [05:59]
you certainly don't kill yourself or slip into a clinical depression . [06:03]
slip:v.溜;下降;滑落;n.纸条;衬裙; clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
But certainly, around the world, people who are rejected in love will kill for it. [06:06]
rejected:adj.被拒的;不合格的;v.拒绝,驳回;(reject的过去式和过去分词)
People live for love. [06:14]
They kill for love. [06:15]
They die for love. [06:16]
They have songs, poems, novels , sculptures , paintings, myths , legends . [06:18]
novels:n.小说;(novel的复数) sculptures:n.[建]雕塑(sculpture的复数); v.雕刻; myths:神话;谬见; legends:n.传说; (legend的复数)
In over 175 societies, people have left their evidence of this powerful brain system. [06:25]
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
I have come to think it's one of the most powerful brain systems on Earth for both great joy and great sorrow. [06:32]
And I've also come to think that it's one of three basically different brain systems that evolved from mating and reproduction . [06:39]
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) reproduction:n.繁殖,生殖;复制;复制品;
One is the sex drive: the craving for sexual gratification . [06:47]
gratification:n.满意;喜悦;使人满意之事;
W.H. Auden called it an " intolerable neural itch ," [06:50]
intolerable:adj.无法忍受的;难耐的; neural:adj.神经的;神经系统的;背的;神经中枢的; itch:v.(使)发痒;渴望;热望;n.痒;渴望;热望;
and indeed, that's what it is. [06:54]
It keeps bothering you a little bit, like being hungry. [06:57]
bothering:v.使某人烦恼或担忧;打扰;(bother的现在分词)
The second of these three brain systems is romantic love: that elation, obsession of early love. [07:00]
And the third brain system is attachment : that sense of calm and security you can feel for a long-term partner. [07:06]
attachment:n.附件;依恋;连接物;扣押财产; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
And I think that the sex drive evolved to get you out there, looking for a whole range of partners. [07:12]
You can feel it when you're just driving along in your car. [07:18]
It can be focused on nobody. [07:20]
I think romantic love evolved to enable you to focus your mating energy on just one individual at a time, thereby conserving mating time and energy. [07:22]
enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; thereby:adv.从而,因此;在那附近;在那方面; conserving:adj.保存的;v.保护;保藏;糖渍(conserve的ing形式);
And I think that attachment, the third brain system, evolved to enable you to tolerate this human being at least long enough to raise a child together as a team. [07:30]
tolerate:v.容忍;忍受;容许;包容;
So with that preamble , [07:43]
preamble:n.序文;电报报头;先兆;vi.作序文;
I want to go into discussing the two most profound social trends. [07:44]
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
One of the last 10,000 years and the other, certainly of the last 25 years, that are going to have an impact on these three different brain systems: lust , romantic love and deep attachment to a partner. [07:51]
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; lust:n.性欲;强烈的欲望;vi.贪求,渴望;
The first is women working, moving into the workforce . [08:06]
workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工;
I've looked at 130 societies through the demographic yearbooks of the United Nations . [08:13]
demographic:adj.人口统计学的;人口学的; yearbooks:n.年鉴;年刊;(每年出版的)校刊;学校年刊;(yearbook的复数) United Nations:n.联合国;
Everywhere in the world, 129 out of 130 of them, women are not only moving into the job market -- sometimes very, very slowly, but they are moving into the job market -- [08:18]
and they are very slowly closing that gap between men and women in terms of economic power, health and education. [08:30]
gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
It's very slow. [08:37]
For every trend on this planet, there's a counter-trend. [08:38]
We all know of them, but nevertheless -- the Arabs say, "The dogs may bark , but the caravan moves on." [08:42]
nevertheless:adv.然而,不过;虽然如此;conj.然而,不过; bark:n.树皮; v.(狗)吠叫; caravan:n.(可供居住的)拖车,大篷车; vi.乘拖车度假;
And, indeed, that caravan is moving on. [08:50]
Women are moving back into the job market. [08:53]
And I say back into the job market, because this is not new. [08:55]
For millions of years, on the grasslands of Africa, women commuted to work to gather their vegetables. [08:59]
grasslands:n.[畜牧]草原;大草原(grassland的复数形式); commuted:v.上下班往返,经常往返(于两地);减刑;代偿;(commute的过去分词和过去式)
They came home with 60 to 80 percent of the evening meal. [09:06]
The double income family was the standard . [09:09]
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的;
And women were regarded as just as economically , socially and sexually powerful as men. [09:12]
economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地;
In short, we're really moving forward to the past. [09:20]
Then, women's worst invention was the plow . [09:24]
plow:vi.[农机]犁; vt.[农机]犁; n.[农机]犁;
With the beginning of plow agriculture, men's roles became extremely powerful. [09:29]
Women lost their ancient jobs as collectors , but then with the industrial revolution and the post-industrial revolution they're moving back into the job market. [09:33]
collectors:n.收藏家;收集者;聚集剂;[电子]集电极(collector的复数); industrial revolution:n.工业革命; post-industrial:adj.后工业化的;
In short, they are acquiring the status that they had a million years ago, 10,000 years ago, 100,000 years ago. [09:43]
acquiring:n.捕获,探测;习得;瞄准;v.获得;(acquire的现在分词); status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份;
We are seeing now one of the most remarkable traditions in the history of the human animal. [09:51]
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
And it's going to have an impact. [10:00]
I generally give a whole lecture on the impact of women on the business community . [10:02]
generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地; lecture:n.演讲;讲座;讲课;谴责;v.开讲座;讲授;讲课;指责;告诫 community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
I'll say just a couple of things, and then go on to sex and love. [10:06]
There's a lot of gender differences; anybody who thinks men and women are alike simply never had a boy and a girl child. [10:09]
gender:n.性别;
I don't know why they want to think that men and women are alike. [10:15]
There's much we have in common, but there's a whole lot that we do not have in common. [10:18]
We are -- in the words of Ted Hughes, "I think that we are like two feet. We need each other to get ahead." [10:23]
But we did not evolve to have the same brain. [10:30]
And we're finding more and more gender differences in the brain. [10:33]
I'll only just use a couple and then move on to sex and love. [10:36]
One of them is women's verbal ability. [10:39]
verbal:adj.口头的;言语的;动词的;照字面的;n.动词的非谓语形式;
Women can talk. [10:41]
Women's ability to find the right word rapidly, basic articulation goes up in the middle of the menstrual cycle, when estrogen levels peak . [10:43]
articulation:n.关节;接合;清晰发音; menstrual:adj.月经的;每月的;一月一次的; estrogen:n.雌性激素; peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
But even at menstruation , they're better than the average man. [10:50]
menstruation:n.[生理]月经;月经期间;有月经;
Women can talk. [10:55]
They've been doing it for a million years; words were women's tools. [10:56]
They held that baby in front of their face, cajoling it, reprimanding it, educating it with words. [11:00]
cajoling:vt.以甜言蜜语哄骗;勾引; reprimanding:n.谴责;训斥;申诉;vt.谴责;训斥;责难;
And, indeed, they're becoming a very powerful force. [11:05]
Even in places like India and Japan, where women are not moving rapidly into the regular job market, they're moving into journalism . [11:09]
journalism:n.新闻业,新闻工作;报章杂志;
And I think that the television is like the global campfire. [11:19]
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
We sit around it and it shapes our minds. [11:24]
sit around:无所事事;
Almost always, when I'm on TV, the producer who calls me, who negotiates what we're going to say, is a woman. [11:28]
negotiates:vt.谈判,商议;转让;越过;vi.谈判,交涉;
In fact, Solzhenitsyn once said, "To have a great writer is to have another government." [11:35]
Today 54 percent of people who are writers in America are women. [11:41]
It's one of many, many characteristics that women have that they will bring into the job market. [11:47]
They've got incredible people skills, negotiating skills. [11:52]
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; negotiating:v.谈判;磋商;协商;商定;达成协议;(negotiate的现在分词)
They're highly imaginative . [11:56]
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; imaginative:adj.虚构的;富于想象的;有创造力的;
We now know the brain circuitry of imagination , of long-term planning. [11:58]
circuitry:n.电路;电路系统;电路学;一环路; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
They tend to be web thinkers. [12:02]
Because the female parts of the brain are better connected, they tend to collect more pieces of data when they think, put them into more complex patterns, see more options and outcomes . [12:04]
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
They tend to be contextual , holistic thinkers, what I call web thinkers. [12:15]
contextual:adj.上下文的;前后关系的; holistic:adj.整体的;全盘的;
Men tend to -- and these are averages -- tend to get rid of what they regard as extraneous , focus on what they do, and move in a more step-by-step thinking pattern. [12:20]
extraneous:adj.外来的;没有关联的;来自体外的; step-by-step:adj.按部就班的;
They're both perfectly good ways of thinking. [12:33]
We need both of them to get ahead. [12:35]
In fact, there's many more male geniuses in the world. [12:37]
geniuses:n.天才;天资;才能,本领;(genius的复数)
And there's also many more male idiots in the world. [12:41]
idiots:n.蠢人;笨蛋;白痴;(idiot的复数)
(Laughter) [12:43]
When the male brain works well, it works extremely well. [12:45]
And what I really think that we're doing is, we're moving towards a collaborative society, a society in which the talents of both men and women are becoming understood and valued and employed . [12:48]
collaborative:adj.合作的,协作的; employed:v.雇用:应用:运用:使用(employ的过去分词和过去式)
But in fact, women moving into the job market is having a huge impact on sex and romance and family life. [13:01]
romance:n.爱情;恋爱;风流韵事;传奇故事;
Foremost , women are starting to express their sexuality . [13:09]
Foremost:adj.最重要的;最先的;adv.首先;居于首位地; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务; sexuality:n.[胚]性别;性欲;性征;性方面的事情(比如性行为或性能力);
I'm always astonished when people come to me and say, "Why is it that men are so adulterous ?" [13:14]
astonished:adj.吃惊的; adulterous:adj.通奸的;不贞的;
'"Why do you think more men are adulterous than women?" [13:19]
'"Well, men are more adulterous!" [13:22]
And I say, "Who do you think these men are sleeping with?" [13:24]
(Laughter) [13:27]
And -- basic math! [13:28]
Anyway. [13:30]
In the Western world, women start sooner at sex, have more partners, express less remorse for the partners that they do, marry later, have fewer children, leave bad marriages in order to get good ones. [13:31]
remorse:n.懊悔;同情;
We are seeing the rise of female sexual expression . [13:46]
expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
And, indeed, once again we're moving forward to the kind of sexual expression that we probably saw on the grasslands of Africa a million years ago, because this is the kind of sexual expression that we see in hunting and gathering societies today. [13:50]
We're also returning to an ancient form of marriage equality. [14:04]
They're now saying that the 21st century is going to be the century of what they call the " symmetrical marriage," [14:09]
symmetrical:adj.匀称的,对称的;
or the "pure marriage," or the " companionate marriage." [14:18]
companionate:adj.伙伴的,同伴的;友爱的,友好的;
This is a marriage between equals, moving forward to a pattern that is highly compatible with the ancient human spirit. [14:23]
compatible:adj.兼容的;能共处的;可并立的;
We're also seeing a rise of romantic love. [14:33]
91 percent of American women and 86 percent of American men would not marry somebody who had every single quality they were looking for in a partner, if they were not in love with that person. [14:36]
People around the world, in a study of 37 societies, want to be in love with the person that they marry. [14:50]
Indeed, arranged marriages are on their way off this braid of human life. [14:57]
arranged:adj.安排的;v.安排;计划;准备(arrange的过去式和过去分词); braid:n.编织物;(装饰家具和军装的)彩色穗带;v.编织,把(头发)编成辫子;调,搅;
I even think that marriages might even become more stable because of the second great world trend. [15:07]
stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房;
The first one being women moving into the job market, the second one being the aging world population. [15:14]
They're now saying that in America, that middle age should be regarded as up to age 85. [15:19]
middle age:中年;
Because in that highest age category of 76 to 85, as much as 40 percent of people have nothing really wrong with them. [15:26]
category:n.种类,分类;[数]范畴;
So we're seeing there's a real extension of middle age. [15:35]
extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机;
For one of my books, I looked at divorce data in 58 societies. [15:38]
divorce:n.离婚;分离;v.与某人离婚;使分离;
And as it turns out, the older you get, the less likely you are to divorce. [15:44]
So the divorce rate right now is stable in America, and it's actually beginning to decline . [15:48]
decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降;
It may decline some more. [15:54]
I would even say that with Viagra , estrogen replacement, hip replacements and the incredibly interesting women [15:59]
Viagra:n.伟哥(一种治疗阳痿的药,壮阳药);万艾可; hip:n.臀部;蔷薇果;忧郁;adj.熟悉内情的;非常时尚的; replacements:n.替代,替换件;补充; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
- women have never been as interesting as they are now. [16:09]
Not at any time on this planet have women been so educated, so interesting, so capable . [16:12]
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
And so I honestly think that if there really was ever a time in human evolution when we have the opportunity to make good marriages, that time is now. [16:17]
However, there's always kinds of complications in this. [16:28]
These three brain systems -- lust, romantic love and attachment -- don't always go together. [16:31]
They can go together, by the way . [16:37]
by the way:顺便说一下;
That's why casual sex isn't so casual. [16:39]
With orgasm you get a spike of dopamine. [16:41]
orgasm:n.[生理]性高潮;极度兴奋; spike:n.长钉,道钉;钉鞋;细高跟;vt.阻止;以大钉钉牢;用尖物刺穿;
Dopamine's associated with romantic love, and you can just fall in love with somebody who you're just having casual sex with. [16:43]
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) fall in love with:爱上......;与......相爱;
With orgasm, then you get a real rush of oxytocin and vasopressin -- those are associated with attachment. [16:49]
oxytocin:n.[药]催产素;缩宫素;脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙之一种; vasopressin:n.加压素;[生化]抗利尿激素;[生化]后叶加压素;
This is why you can feel such a sense of cosmic union with somebody after you've made love to them. [16:55]
cosmic:adj.宇宙的;
But these three brain systems: lust, romantic love and attachment, aren't always connected to each other. [17:01]
You can feel deep attachment to a long-term partner while you feel intense romantic love for somebody else, while you feel the sex drive for people unrelated to these other partners. [17:09]
unrelated:adj.无关的,不相干的;
In short, we're capable of loving more than one person at a time. [17:22]
In fact, you can lie in bed at night and swing from deep feelings of attachment for one person to deep feelings of romantic love for somebody else. [17:27]
It's as if there's a committee meeting going on in your head as you are trying to decide what to do. [17:36]
committee:n.委员会;
So I don't think, honestly, we're an animal that was built to be happy; we are an animal that was built to reproduce . [17:42]
reproduce:v.繁殖;复制;再现;生育;
I think the happiness we find, we make. [17:48]
And I think, however, we can make good relationships with each other. [17:51]
So I want to conclude with two things. [17:58]
conclude:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定)
I want to conclude with a worry, and with a wonderful story. [18:00]
The worry is about antidepressants . [18:06]
antidepressants:n.[药]抗抑郁药(antidepressant的复数形式);抗忧郁剂;
Over 100 million prescriptions of antidepressants are written every year in the United States. [18:10]
prescriptions:n.医药处方,[医]药方(prescription复数形式);
And these drugs are going generic . [18:19]
generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的;
They are seeping around the world. [18:21]
seeping:v.渗;渗透;(seep的现在分词)
I know one girl who's been on these antidepressants, [18:24]
SSRIs, serotonin-enhancing antidepressants -- since she was 13. [18:30]
She's 23. She's been on them ever since she was 13. [18:34]
I've got nothing against people who take them short term, when they're going through something horrible. [18:37]
They want to commit suicide or kill somebody else. [18:42]
suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀;
I would recommend it. [18:45]
recommend:v.推荐;介绍;劝告;建议;使受欢迎;
But more and more people in the United States are taking them long term. [18:46]
And indeed, what these drugs do is raise levels of serotonin . [18:51]
serotonin:n.[生化]血清素;5-羟色胺(血管收缩素);
And by raising levels of serotonin, you suppress the dopamine circuit. [18:56]
suppress:vt.抑制;镇压;废止;
Everybody knows that. [19:01]
Dopamine is associated with romantic love. [19:03]
Not only do they suppress the dopamine circuit, but they kill the sex drive. [19:08]
And when you kill the sex drive, you kill orgasm. [19:14]
And when you kill orgasm, you kill that flood of drugs associated with attachment. [19:18]
The things are connected in the brain. [19:23]
And when you tamper with one brain system, you're going to tamper with another. [19:26]
tamper:v.篡改;干预;损害;玩弄;贿赂;n.填塞者;捣棒;
I'm just simply saying that a world without love is a deadly place. [19:31]
deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地;
So now -- [19:36]
(Applause) [19:37]
Thank you. [19:42]
I want to end with a story. [19:43]
And then, just a comment. [19:45]
I've been studying romantic love and sex and attachment for 30 years. [19:48]
I'm an identical twin; I am interested in why we're all alike. [19:55]
identical:adj.同一的;完全相同的;n.完全相同的事物;
Why you and I are alike, why the Iraqis and the Japanese and the Australian Aborigines and the people of the Amazon River are all alike. [19:59]
Iraqis:adj.伊拉克的;伊拉克人的;n.伊拉克人; Aborigines:n.土著居民(aborigine的复数);土生动物群; Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士;
And about a year ago, and asked me if I would design a new dating site for them. [20:07]
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
I said, "I don't know anything about personality . You know? [20:16]
personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色;
I don't know. Do you think you've got the right person?" [20:19]
They said, "Yes." [20:22]
It got me thinking about why it is that you fall in love with one person rather than another. [20:23]
That's my current project; it will be my next book. [20:28]
There's all kinds of reasons that you fall in love with one person rather than another. [20:32]
Timing is important. Proximity is important. [20:36]
Proximity:n.接近,[数]邻近;接近;接近度,距离;亲近;
Mystery is important. [20:39]
You fall in love with somebody who's somewhat mysterious , in part because mystery elevates dopamine in the brain, probably pushes you over that threshold to fall in love. [20:41]
somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微; mysterious:adj.神秘的;不可思议的;难解的; elevates:vt.提升;举起;振奋情绪等;提升…的职位; threshold:n.入口;门槛;开始;极限;临界值;
You fall in love with somebody who fits within what I call your "love map," [20:49]
an unconscious list of traits that you build in childhood as you grow up. [20:53]
unconscious:adj.无意识的;失去知觉的;未发觉的; traits:n.特性,特质,性格(trait的复数); childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期
And I also think that you gravitate to certain people, actually, with somewhat complementary brain systems. [20:57]
gravitate:vi.受引力作用;被吸引; complementary:adj.补足的,补充的;
And that's what I'm now contributing to this. [21:04]
contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词)
But I want to tell you a story, to illustrate . [21:06]
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实;
I've been carrying on here about the biology of love. [21:10]
biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
I wanted to show you a little bit about the culture of it, too, the magic of it. [21:13]
It's a story that was told to me by somebody who had heard it just from one -- probably a true story. [21:20]
It was a graduate student -- I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues -- [21:28]
Rutgers:n.罗格斯大学;
Art Aron is at SUNY Stony Brook . [21:32]
Stony:adj.无情的;多石的;石头的; Brook:v.忍受;容忍;n.小溪;小河;
That's where we put our people in the MRI machine. [21:34]
And this graduate student was madly in love with another graduate student, and she was not in love with him. [21:37]
And they were all at a conference in Beijing. [21:45]
conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
And he knew from our work that if you go and do something very novel with somebody, you can drive up the dopamine in the brain, and perhaps trigger this brain system for romantic love. [21:48]
trigger:n.触发器; v.触发;
(Laughter) [22:01]
So he decided he'd put science to work. [22:03]
And he invited this girl to go off on a rickshaw ride with him. [22:08]
rickshaw:n.(等于ricksha)人力车;黄包车;
And sure enough -- I've never been in one, but apparently they go all around the buses and the trucks and it's crazy and it's noisy and it's exciting. [22:12]
apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上;
He figured that this would drive up the dopamine, and she'd fall in love with him. [22:20]
So off they go and she's squealing and squeezing him and laughing and having a wonderful time. [22:24]
squealing:v.尖声长叫;告密;告发;(squeal的现在分词) squeezing:v.挤压;捏;榨出,挤出,拧出;(squeeze的现在分词)
An hour later they get down off of the rickshaw, and she throws her hands up and she says, "Wasn't that wonderful?" [22:31]
And, "Wasn't that rickshaw driver handsome!" [22:41]
(Laughter) [22:44]
(Applause) [22:47]
There's magic to love! [22:54]
(Applause) [22:55]
But I will end by saying that millions of years ago, we evolved three basic drives: the sex drive, romantic love and attachment to a long-term partner. [22:56]
These circuits are deeply embedded in the human brain. [23:07]
circuits:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游;(circuit的第三人称单数和复数) embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
They're going to survive as long as our species survives on what Shakespeare called "this mortal coil ." [23:11]
as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; species:n.[生物]物种;种类; mortal:adj.凡人的;致死的;终有一死的;不共戴天的;n.人类,凡人; coil:n.盘管;螺旋管;感应圈;(一)圈;v.卷;卷曲;蜿蜒流进;
Thank you. [23:18]
Chris Anderson: Helen Fisher ! [23:19]
Fisher:n.渔夫;渔船;食鱼貂;
(Applause) [23:20]