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HeatherBrooke_2012G-_我那曝光政府腐败的战斗_
Once upon a time , the world was a big, dysfunctional family. 很久以前,世界是个很大却不和谐的大家庭
Once upon a time:从前(常用于故事的开头) dysfunctional:机能失调的,功能障碍的;
It was run by the great and powerful parents, and the people were helpless and hopeless naughty children. 人们却像是淘气的孩子一样 无望、无助
helpless:adj.无助的;无能的;没用的; naughty:adj.顽皮的;淘气的;不听话的;
If any of the more rowdier children questioned the authority of the parents, they were scolded . 如果吵闹的孩子们怀疑了 家长的权威,他们就会被责骂
authority:n.权威;权力;当局; scolded:v.训斥,责骂(孩子);(scold的过去分词和过去式)
If they went exploring into the parents' rooms, or even into the secret filing cabinets , they were punished, and told that for their own good they must never go in there again. 如果孩子们进去探索家长的房间 家长会告诉他们,为了孩子自己, 以后再也不要去家长秘密的房间了。
exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) cabinets:n.陈列柜;内阁;匣子;小房间(cabinet的复数);
Then one day, a man came to town with boxes and boxes of secret documents stolen from the parents' rooms. 有一天, 一个人来到了这个小镇 带着一箱一箱的从家长那里偷来的 秘密文件
'"Look what they've been hiding from you," he said.
The children looked and were amazed. 孩子们吃惊地看到
There were maps and minutes from meetings where the parents were slagging each other off. 而在会议里家长们互相指责对方
slagging:n.出渣;溶渣;v.使成渣;辱骂(slag的ing形式);
They behaved just like the children. 他们的行为简直就像小孩一样！
behaved:v.表现;表现得体;有礼貌;(behave的过去分词和过去式)
And they made mistakes, too, just like the children.
The only difference was, their mistakes were in the secret filing cabinets. 唯一的不同就是 他们的错误被藏在秘密的档案阁里
Well, there was a girl in the town, and she didn't think they should be in the secret filing cabinets, or if they were, there ought to be a law to allow the children access. 镇里有个小女孩,她并不觉得 家长的秘密应该被藏在秘密的档案阁里 允许孩子们知道内容
And so she set about to make it so. 于是,她开始着手实现这个想法
Well, I'm the girl in that story, and the secret documents that I was interested in were located in this building, the British Parliament , and the data that I wanted to get my hands on were the expense receipts of members of Parliament. 而我想拿到手的资料就是 下院议员的花费收据
located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式) Parliament:n.议会,国会; expense:n.费用;开支;花费;开销; receipts:n.收据;收到;收到的款项,收入;(receipt的复数)
I thought this was a basic question to ask in a democracy . (Applause) 我认为这是在民主社会最基本需要知道的东西。（掌声）
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
It wasn't like I was asking for the code to a nuclear bunker , or anything like that, but the amount of resistance I got from this Freedom of Information request, you would have thought I'd asked something like this. 我又不是在要求知道核武器堆的密码
nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的; bunker:n.沙坑;煤仓;燃料库;vt.使陷入困境;把球击入沙坑; resistance:n.电阻;抵抗;阻力;抗力; Freedom of Information:n.信息自由(查阅政府所掌握有关个人及组织的信息的权利);
So I fought for about five years doing this, and it was one of many hundreds of requests that I made, not -- I didn't -- Hey, look, I didn't set out, honestly, to revolutionize the British Parliament. 我大概用了五年的时间才有今天的结果 不过,我要说,我没有想要 彻底改革英国议会
revolutionize:vt.发动革命;彻底改革;宣传革命;vi.革命化;从事革命;
That was not my intention . I was just making these requests as part of research for my first book. 那根本不是我的意图,我只是在 为了我出第一本书做出的一点努力
intention:n.意图;目的;意向;愈合;
But it ended up in this very long, protracted legal battle and there I was after five years fighting against Parliament in front of three of Britain's most eminent High Court judges waiting for their ruling about whether or not Parliament had to release this data. 但是我确意想不到的打了这么久的官司 与英国高院三位最杰出法官的较量,
protracted:adj.拖延的;v.拖延;绘制;伸展(protract的过去分词); legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; eminent:adj.杰出的;有名的;明显的; High Court:n.高等法院(在英格兰和威尔士审理最严重的民事案件); whether or not:是否…; release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与;
And I've got to tell you, I wasn't that hopeful, because I'd seen the establishment . I thought, it always sticks together. I am out of luck . 今天我必须告诉你,原本并不是那么有希望 因为我见证了议会的建立,我觉得
establishment:n.大型组织;企业;旅馆;权威人士;建立; out of luck:运气不好;
Well, guess what? I won. Hooray. (Applause)
Well, that's not exactly the story, because the problem was that Parliament delayed and delayed releasing that data, and then they tried to retrospectively change the law so that it would no longer apply to them. 议会不断地拖延公布这些信息 不仅这样,他们还尝试回溯性地改变这方面的法规 让新法规不再适用于揭露这种信息
releasing:n.释放;松释动作;脱扣释放;v.释放;排放;(release的现在分词); retrospectively:adv.回顾地; apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
The transparency law they'd passed earlier that applied to everybody else, they tried to keep it so it didn't apply to them. 他们试着让法规不再适用我的要求
transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
What they hadn't counted on was digitization , because that meant that all those paper receipts had been scanned in electronically , and it was very easy for somebody to just copy that entire database, 但是他们忘记了在数据数字化上下规定 因为,这些纸质收据 已经被电子扫描过了
digitization:n.[计]数字化,数位化,数码化; electronically:adv.电子地;
put it on a disk, and then just saunter outside of Parliament, which they did, and then they shopped that disk to the highest bidder , which was the Daily Telegraph , 只需要将数据装入磁盘,然后就可以悠闲地在议会楼外散步了 出价最高的《每日电讯报》
saunter:n.漫步;闲逛;vi.闲逛;漫步; bidder:n.投标人;出价人;命令者; Telegraph:n.[通信]电报机,电报;vt.电汇;流露出;打电报给…;vi.打电报;
and then, you all remember, there was weeks and weeks of revelations , everything from porn movies and bath plugs and new kitchens and mortgages that had never been paid off. 然后,你们记得的, 就有了周周不断地揭露, 从色情电影,浴盆塞,新厨房 到没有还清的抵押贷款
revelations:n.被暴露的真相;披露;揭露;(revelation的复数) porn:n.淫秽作品;色情书刊(或音像制品等)(等于pornography); plugs:n.[电]插头; v.插入,塞住; mortgages:n.抵押贷款; v.[经]抵押(mortgage的三单形式);
The end result was six ministers resigned , the first speaker of the house in 300 years was forced to resign, a new government was elected on a mandate of transparency, 120 MPs stepped down at that election, and so far, four MPs and two lords have done jail time for fraud . 基于对透明化的命令,一个新的政府被选举出来 因为作假进了监狱
end result:n.最终结果; ministers:n.部长,大臣; v.辅助; (minister的第三人称单数和复数) resigned:adj.逆来顺受的;顺从的;v.辞职;辞去(某职务);(resign的过去分词和过去式) mandate:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; lords:n.(英国)贵族,大人,大臣;v.使成贵族;作威作福;(lord的第三人称单数和复数) jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱; fraud:n.欺骗;骗子;诡计;
So, thank you. (Applause)
Well, I tell you that story because it wasn't unique to Britain. 我告诉大家这个故事的目的是因为这个现象不只存在于英国
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
It was an example of a culture clash that's happening all over the world between bewigged and bestockinged officials who think that they can rule over us without very much prying from the public, and then suddenly confronted with a public who is no longer content with that arrangement , and not only not content with it, now, more often, armed with official data itself. 这只是在全球文化冲击的一个例子而已 但是突然,他们得面对 对这种现状不再满意的民众 民众不仅对官员不满意, 更多时候,还对官方的数据产生怀疑
clash:v.冲突; n.冲突; prying:adj.窥探的;爱刺探的;v.探听,打听,探查(隐私);(pry的现在分词) confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式) content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足; arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲; official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员;
So we are moving to this democratization of information, and I've been in this field for quite a while. 我们已经进入了信息的民主化
democratization:n.民主化;
Slightly embarrassing admission : Even when I was a kid, 实话说挺不好意思的,我小时候,
Slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; embarrassing:adj.令人尴尬的; v.使尴尬; (embarrass的现在分词) admission:n.入场费;进入权;招供;门票费;
I used to have these little spy books, and I would, like, see what everybody was doing in my neighborhood and log it down.
neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的; log:原木,日志
I think that was a pretty good indication about my future career as an investigative journalist , and what I've seen from being in this access to information field for so long is that it used to be quite a niche interest,
indication:n.显示;表明;标示;象征; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; investigative:adj.研究的;调查的;好调查的; journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者; niche:n.壁龛; vt.放入壁龛;
and it's gone mainstream . Everybody, increasingly , around the world, wants to know about what people in power are doing. 而现在已经成为主流了。
mainstream:n.主流; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
They want a say in decisions that are made in their name and with their money. It's this democratization of information that I think is an information enlightenment , and it has many of the same principles of the first Enlightenment. 有发言权。我觉得正是信息民主化 促成这这种信息启蒙
enlightenment:n.启迪;启蒙运动;教化; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
It's about searching for the truth, not because somebody says it's true, "because I say so."
No, it's about trying to find the truth based on what you can see and what can be tested. 不,这是在寻找看得见的,
That, in the first Enlightenment, led to questions about the right of kings, the divine right of kings to rule over people, or that women should be subordinate to men, or that the Church was the official word of God. 比如女人应该服从男人 再比如教堂就是代表上帝的地方
divine right:n.(旧时的)君权神授说;天赋的权利; subordinate to:服从;从属于;
Obviously the Church weren't very happy about this, and they tried to suppress it, but what they hadn't counted on was technology , and then they had the printing press , which suddenly
suppress:vt.抑制;镇压;废止; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; printing press:n.印刷机;
enabled these ideas to spread cheaply, far and fast, and people would come together in coffee houses, discuss the ideas, plot revolution.
enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表);
In our day, we have digitization. That strips all the physical mass out of information, so now it's almost zero cost to copy and share information. 现在我们有了数据电子化。这把信息从成堆成堆的状况下解救出来 所以现在拷贝分享信息已近乎零花费
strips:n.条(strip的复数); v.剥夺(stirp的三单形式); physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集;
Our printing press is the Internet. Our coffee houses are social networks. 我们的“出版社”就是网络。我们的“咖啡屋”就是社交网络。
We're moving to what I would think of as a fully connected system, and we have global decisions to make in this system, decisions about climate, about finance systems, about resources . And think about it -- 我认为,我们已经进入完全连接的世界 我们可以在这个世界做出全球化的决定
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
if we want to make an important decision about buying a house, we don't just go off. I mean, I don't know about you, but I want to see a lot of houses before I put that much money into it. 如果我们做买房子这样重要的决定
And if we're thinking about a finance system, we need a lot of information to take in. It's just not possible for one person to take in the amount, the volume of information, and analyze it to make good decisions. 如果我们在考虑金融方面的问题 我们也需要很多信息。 如果只让一个人了解很多信息,
volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本 analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse);
So that's why we're seeing increasingly this demand for access to information. 才越来越多
That's why we're starting to see more disclosure laws come out, so for example, on the environment, there's the Aarhus Convention , which is a European directive that gives people 公开法出现 比如,在环境方面,有《阿尔胡斯公约》 这个欧洲的指令给力人们巨大的信息权
disclosure:n.揭露;透露;公开;公开的事情; Convention:n.习俗;惯例;协定;常规; directive:n.指示;指令;adj.指导的;管理的;
a very strong right to know, so if your water company is dumping water into your river, sewage water into your river, you have a right to know about it. 如果你的自来水公司
dumping:n.倾倒,倾卸;v.丢弃,扔掉;抛弃;抛售;(dump的现在分词) sewage:n.污水;下水道;污物;
In the finance industry, you now have more of a right to know about what's going on, so we have different anti-bribery laws, money regulations , increased corporate disclosure, so you can now track assets across borders.
regulations:n.章程;规则;法规;管理,控制;(regulation的复数) corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数)
And it's getting harder to hide assets, tax avoidance , pay inequality. So that's great. We're starting to find out more and more about these systems.
tax avoidance:n.(合法)避税;
And they're all moving to this central system, this fully connected system, all of them except one. Can you guess which one?
It's the system which underpins all these other systems.
underpins:v.加强,巩固,构成;加固(墙)基;(underpin的第三人称单数)
It's the system by which we organize and exercise power, and there I'm talking about politics , because in politics , we're back to this system, this top-down hierarchy . 这个我们管理运用权力的系统 我说的就是政治,因为在政治中 我们追踪回到了这个至上而下的等级制度
organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) top-down:adj.[计]自顶向下;组织管理严密的; hierarchy:n.层级;等级制度;
And how is it possible that the volume of information can be processed that needs to in this system?
processed:v.加工,处理;审核;列队行进;(process的过去式和过去分词)
Well, it just can't. That's it.
And I think this is largely what's behind the crisis of legitimacy in our different governments right now. 我认为这很大一部分就是藏在不同政府的
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; legitimacy:n.合法;合理;正统;
So I've told you a bit about what I did to try and drag Parliament, kicking and screaming, into the 21st century, and I'm just going to give you a couple of examples of what a few other people I know are doing. 我针对议会的做的执意争得信息权利的行动。
drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石;
So this is a guy called Seb Bacon . He's a computer programmer, and he built a site called Alaveteli, and what it is, it's a Freedom of Information platform .
Bacon:n.咸肉;腌肉;熏猪肉; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
It's open-source , with documentation , and it allows you to make a Freedom of Information request, to ask your public body a question, so it takes all the hassle out of it, and I can tell you 并且你可以对公共群体提出信息自由的要求 问你想问的问题 这个网站就收集大家的“牢骚”
open-source:adj.(计算机)开放源代码; documentation:n.文件,证明文件,史实,文件编制; hassle:n.困难;麻烦;分歧;争论;烦恼;v.(不断)烦扰,麻烦;
that there is a lot of hassle making these requests, so it takes all of that hassle out, and you just type in your question, for example, how many police officers have a criminal record? 通过它人们知道有很多都在提出自己的牢骚 你只需要输入你的问题 比如说,“多少警察有犯罪记录？”
It zooms it off to the appropriate person, it tells you when the time limit is coming to an end, it keeps track of all the correspondence , it posts it up there, and it becomes an archive of public knowledge. 然后就会得到对目标的详细关注
appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; time limit:n.时限,期限;极限时限; correspondence:n.通信;一致;相当; archive:n.档案馆;档案文件;
So that's open-source and it can be used in any country where there is some kind of Freedom of Information law. 只要你的国家有关于信息自由的法律,
So there's a list there of the different countries that have it, and then there's a few more coming on board. 现在在许多国家,这个网站已经走上正轨
So if any of you out there like the sound of that and have a law like that in your country,
I know that Seb would love to hear from you about collaborating and getting that into your country. 和您的国家合作。
collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词)
This is Birgitta J?nsd?ttir. She's an Icelandic MP.
Icelandic:adj.冰岛的;冰岛人的;冰岛语的;n.冰岛语;
And quite an unusual MP. In Iceland, she was one of the protesters who was outside of Parliament when the country's economy collapsed , and then she was elected on a reform mandate, and she's now spearheading this project. 一个不寻常的议员。 她便是其中一员 她现在正准备操作这个项目
protesters:n.(公开)抗议者,反对者;(protester的复数) economy:n.经济;节约;理财; collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式) reform:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;n.改革;改良;改善; spearheading:v.做…的先锋;带头做;领先突击;(spearhead的现在分词)
It's the Icelandic Modern Media Initiative , and they've just got funding to make it an international modern media project, and this is taking all of the best laws around the world about freedom of expression , 这就是冰岛现代媒体的行动, 他们刚刚得到了将之做成
Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; Initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
protection of whistleblowers , protection from libel , source protection, and trying to make Iceland a publishing haven. 关于资源保护的法律。这样,冰岛将成为出版业的天堂
whistleblowers:告发者;检举者; libel:n.诽谤罪; vt.中伤; vi.进行文字诽谤;
It's a place where your data can be free, so when we think about, increasingly, how governments want to access user data, what they're trying to do in Iceland is make this safe haven where it can happen. 在这里数据会是自由的 让信息自由。
safe haven:n.安全的地方;避难所;
In my own field of investigative journalism , we're also having to start thinking globally, so this is a site called 在我自己的领域里,也就是调查性报道,
journalism:n.新闻业,新闻工作;报章杂志;
Investigative Dashboard . And if you're trying to track a dictator 's assets, for example, Hosni Mubarak, you know, he's just funneling out cash from his country 这里有个网站叫做“调查仪表盘”。如果你想要 当他觉得自己有危险了,
Dashboard:n.汽车等的仪表板;马车等前部的挡泥板; dictator:n.独裁者;命令者; funneling:n.漏斗式;v.成漏斗形;汇集(funnel的现在分词);
when he knows he's in trouble, and what you want to do to investigate that is, you need to have access to all of the world's, as many as you can, companies' house registrations databases. 他就从自己的国家输送现金, 你会想要知道越来越多的世界上的“秘密”
investigate:v.调查;研究;审查; registrations:n.登记;注册;挂号;
So this is a website that tries to agglomerate all of those databases into one place so you can start searching for, you know, his relatives , his friends, the head of his security services. 到一个地方,只要你搜索,就能找到。 找到他的家属,他的朋友,他的安全服务主管。
agglomerate:adj.凝聚的;成团的,结块的;n.团块;[岩]集块岩;附聚物;vt.使结块;使成团; relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数)
You can try and find out how he's moving out assets from that country.
But again, when it comes to the decisions which are impacting us the most, perhaps, the most important decisions that are being made about war and so forth, again we can't just make a Freedom of Information request. 最重要的决定时, 我们又不能只是提出信息自由的要求,
impacting:[力]冲击;[力]撞击;[物]碰撞(impact的现在分词);
It's really difficult. So we're still having to rely on illegitimate ways of getting information, through leaks . 依靠非法的方式来获得信息,从漏洞中获得。
rely:vi.依靠;信赖; illegitimate:adj.私生的;非法的;不合理的;vt.认做私生子;认为违法;n.非嫡出子;庶子; leaks:n.泄漏; v.漏水; (leak的第三人称单数)
So when the Guardian did this investigation about the Afghan War, you know, they can't walk into the Department of Defense and ask for all the information. 当英国卫报做这个关于阿富汗战争的报道时
Guardian:n.[法]监护人,保护人;守护者;adj.守护的; Afghan:n.阿富汗人;阿富汗语;adj.阿富汗的;阿富汗人的;
You know, they're just not going to get it. 这样做的话,是得不到的。
So this came from leaks of tens of thousands of dispatches that were written by American soldiers about the Afghan War, and leaked , and then they're able to do this investigation. 这些信息都来自美国大兵写的 从这些漏洞里知道真相。 这样卫报才成功做了调查。
dispatches:n.派遣;急件;vt.派遣;分派; leaked:v.漏;渗漏;泄漏;渗入;漏出;透露(秘密信息);(leak的过去分词和过去式)
Another rather large investigation is around world diplomacy . 另外一个大型的调查是关于全球外交的。
diplomacy:n.外交;外交手腕;交际手段;
Again, this is all based around leaks, 251,000 U.S. diplomatic cables , and I was involved in this investigation because I got this leak through a leak from a disgruntled WikiLeaker and ended up going to work at the Guardian. 25100个美国的外交电缆里透露的信息。 从一个不满的维基解密人里得到了密报,
diplomatic:adj.外交的;从事外交的;有手腕的;灵活变通的; cables:n.缆绳;钢索;电缆;电报;v.发电报;(cable的第三人称单数和复数) involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) disgruntled:adj.不满的;不高兴的;
So I can tell you firsthand what it was like to have access to this leak. It was amazing. I mean, it was amazing.
firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的;adv.直接地;
It reminded me of that scene in "The Wizard of Oz."
reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式) Wizard:n.男巫;术士;奇才;adj.男巫的;巫术的;
Do you know the one I mean? Where the little dog Toto runs across to where the wizard [is], and he pulls back, the dog's pulling back the curtain, and -- "Don't look behind the screen. Don't look at the man behind the screen." 跑过巫师旁边,然后掉头回来,
Toto:n.全部;总数;
It was just like that, because what you started to see is that all of these grand statesmen , these very pompous politicians , they were just like us. 因为当你开始看到的是 浮夸的政治家。他们就和我们一样。
statesmen:n.政治家; pompous:adj.自大的;浮夸的;华而不实的;爱炫耀的; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数)
They all bitched about each other. I mean, quite gossipy , those cables. Okay, but I thought it was a very important point for all of us to grasp , these are human beings just like us. They don't have special powers. 他们和我们普通人没什么区别。 他们并不是神一样的存在,
bitched:v.挖苦;(背后)说坏话;(bitch的过去分词和过去式) gossipy:adj.漫谈式的;喜饶舌的; grasp:n.抓住;理解;控制;v.抓住;领会;
They're not magic. They are not our parents. 没有什么魔法。他们不是我们父母,
Beyond that, what I found most fascinating was the level of endemic corruption that I saw across all different countries, and particularly centered around the heart of power, around public officials who were embezzling the public's money 不同国家的地区性腐败, 特别是围绕权力中心 为了自己的利益,挪用公款。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) endemic:adj.地方性的;风土的;n.地方病; corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; embezzling:v.盗用,挪用,贪污,侵吞(款项);(embezzle的现在分词)
for their own personal enrichment , and allowed to do that because of official secrecy . 正是由于官方机密 才造成了这种情况。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; enrichment:n.丰富;改进;肥沃;发财致富; secrecy:n.保密;秘密;隐蔽;
So I've mentioned WikiLeaks , because surely what could be more open than publishing all the material? 我刚提到了维基解密,
WikiLeaks:维基解密;
Because that is what Julian Assange did.
He wasn't content with the way the newspapers published it to be safe and legal. He threw it all out there. 他并不满意于 新闻安全、合法地发布信息的方式。他把所有的东西都倒出来了。
That did end up with vulnerable people in Afghanistan being exposed . It also meant that the Belarussian dictator was given a handy list of all the pro-democracy campaigners in that country who had spoken to the U.S. government. 那的确是让一些易受攻击的阿富汗人被揭发出来 那也表示白俄罗斯独裁者 也面对了一批与美国政府进行过交谈的支持民主 进行过交谈的民主人士。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲); exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式) handy:adj.便利的;手边的,就近的;容易取得的;敏捷的; pro-democracy:支持民主; campaigners:从军者,出征者,竞选者(campaigner的复数);
Is that radical openness ? I say it's not, because for me, what it means, it doesn't mean abdicating power, responsibility, accountability , it's actually being a partner with power. It's about sharing responsibility, sharing accountability. Also, the fact that 这是激进派的开放么？我觉得不是, 责任,这只是在和权利同一地位的另一种力量。 这是分享责任,分享义务。
radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真; abdicating:v.退位;逊位;失(职);放弃(职责);(abdicate的现在分词) accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性;
he threatened to sue me because I got a leak of his leaks,
sue:v.控告;提起诉讼;(尤指在法庭上)提出请求;
I thought that showed a remarkable sort of inconsistency in ideology , to be honest, as well. (Laughs)
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的; inconsistency:n.不一致;易变; ideology:n.意识形态;思想意识;观念学;
The other thing is that power is incredibly seductive , and you must have two real qualities, I think, when you come to the table, when you're dealing with power, talking about power, because of its seductive capacity. 在你坐上谈判桌,当你 拥有权利时, 两种特质,
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; seductive:adj.有魅力的;性感的;引人注意的;
You've got to have skepticism and humility .
skepticism:n.怀疑论;怀疑的态度; humility:n.谦卑,谦逊;
Skepticism, because you must always be challenging. 怀疑是因为你一直会被挑战。
I want to see why do you -- you just say so? That's not good enough.
I want to see the evidence behind why that's so.
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
And humility because we are all human. We all make mistakes.
And if you don't have skepticism and humility, then it's a really short journey to go from reformer to autocrat , and I think you only have to read "Animal Farm" 独裁者就是一眨眼的事。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; reformer:n.改革家;改革运动者;改良者; autocrat:n.独裁者,专制君主;独断独行的人;
to get that message about how power corrupts people.
corrupts:adj.腐败的,贪污的;堕落的;v.使腐烂;使堕落,使恶化;
So what is the solution ? It is, I believe, to embody within the rule of law rights to information. 那么怎样解决呢？
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; embody:v.具体表现,体现,代表(思想或品质);包括;
At the moment our rights are incredibly weak. 现在我们的权力还十分微弱。
In a lot of countries, we have Official Secrets Acts, including in Britain here. We have an Official Secrets Act with no public interest test. So that means it's a crime, 官方保密法还存在。这说明,
Official Secrets Act:n.官方机密法(英国禁止泄露政府机密的法规);
people are punished, quite severely in a lot of cases, for publishing or giving away official information. 如果人们公布或放出官方信息, 会被严厉处罚,这被看成是犯罪。
severely:adv.严重地;严格地,严厉地;纯朴地;
Now wouldn't it be amazing, and really, this is what I want all of you to think about, if we had an Official Disclosure Act where officials were punished if they were found to have suppressed or hidden information that was in the public interest? 如果官员们被发现禁止或藏匿 他们就会被惩罚
suppressed:adj.抑制的,发育不全的;v.镇压,禁止;(suppress的过去时和过去分词)
So that -- yes. Yes! My power pose. (Applause) (Laughs) 那多好！ 对对,这是我的”权力姿势”（鼓掌）
I would like us to work towards that. 我想要大家都向这个方向做出努力。
So it's not all bad news. I mean, there definitely is progress on the line , but I think what we find is that the closer that we get right into the heart of power, the more opaque , closed it becomes. 现在并不都是坏消息。 报道中必然有一些进步。 一些变得更加不透明
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; on the line:处于危险中;模棱两可;在电话线上; opaque:adj.不透明的;不传热的;迟钝的;n.不透明物;vt.使不透明;使不反光;
So it was only just the other week that I heard London's 我上周才发现伦敦的
Metropolitan Police Commissioner talking about why the police need access to all of our communications, spying on us without any judicial oversight , and he said it was a matter of life and death. 都会警察委员说 为什么警察需要得到所有关于 我们通信的信息,在没有司法官制下 侦查我们,他说这关系到生死
Metropolitan:adj.大都市的;大主教辖区的;宗主国的;n.大城市人;大主教;宗主国的公民; Commissioner:n.理事;委员;行政长官;总裁; judicial:adj.公正的,明断的;法庭的;审判上的; oversight:n.疏忽;忽略;失察;负责;照管;
He actually said that, it was a matter of life and death.
There was no evidence. He presented no evidence of that. 但这没有依据的。他并没有告诉我证据
It was just, "Because I say so. 他只是说“因为我这样说了
You have to trust me. Take it on faith ."
faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
Well, I'm sorry, people, but we are back to the pre-Enlightenment Church, and we need to fight against that. 抱歉,但是当我们回到
So he was talking about the law in Britain which is the Communications Data Bill, an absolutely outrageous piece of legislation . 而他在谈论一个令人愤怒的
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; outrageous:adj.粗暴的;可恶的;令人吃惊的; legislation:n.立法;法律;
In America, you have the Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act. 在美国,有网络情报分享和保护法案。
Cyber:adj.网络的,计算机的; Intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
You've got drones now being considered for domestic surveillance . 有监控国家的机器
drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数) domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; surveillance:n.监督;监视;
You have the National Security Agency building the world's giantest spy center. It's just this colossal -- it's five times bigger than the U.S. Capitol , in which they're going to intercept and analyze communications, traffic and personal data to try and figure out who's the troublemaker in society. 全球最大的间谍中心。就是有这么巨大。 在里面,他们拦截并检查他人的 然后找出哪些人是不“和谐”的。
Agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; colossal:adj.巨大的;异常的,非常的; Capitol:n.美国国会大厦;(美国)州议会大厦; intercept:v.拦截;截断;窃听;n.拦截;[数]截距;截获的情报; troublemaker:n.捣乱者,闹事者;惹麻烦的人;
Well, to go back to our original story, the parents have panicked . They've locked all the doors. 那么,现在回到我们最初说的故事。 “父母”们开始慌张了,他们锁上门。
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; panicked:v.(使)惊慌,惊慌失措;(panic的过去分词和过去式)
They've kidded out the house with CCTV cameras.
They're watching all of us. They've dug a basement, and they've built a spy center to try and run algorithms and figure out which ones of us are troublesome , and if any of us complain about that, we're arrested for terrorism . 他们监视着我们。他们挖了个地下室,
troublesome:adj.麻烦的;讨厌的;使人苦恼的; complain:v.投诉;发牢骚;诉说; terrorism:n.恐怖主义;
Well, is that a fairy tale or a living nightmare ?
fairy tale:adj.童话的;童话式的; nightmare:n.恶梦;梦魇般的经历;adj.可怕的;噩梦似的;
Some fairy tales have happy endings. Some don't. 一些童话有美好结局。一些则没有。
I think we've all read the Grimms' fairy tales, which are, indeed, very grim . 大家都读过格林童话吧, 那确实很恐怖。
grim:adj.冷酷的;糟糕的;残忍的;
But the world isn't a fairy tale, and it could be more brutal than we want to acknowledge. 但我们的世界不是童话。
brutal:adj.残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的;
Equally, it could be better than we've been led to believe, but either way, we have to start seeing it exactly as it is, with all of its problems, because it's only by seeing it
with all of its problems that we'll be able to fix them and live in a world in which we can all be happily ever after. (Laughs) Thank you very much.
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢。（鼓掌）