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HansRosling_2009S-_让我来数据化你的心态_
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I'm going to talk about your mindset . |
我会来谈谈你们的心态。 |
mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态;
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Does your mindset correspond to my dataset ? |
看看你们的心态和我的数据是相符合的吗? |
correspond:vi.符合,一致;相应;通信; dataset:na.数据集;数传机;
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(Laughter) |
(笑) |
If not, one or the other needs upgrading , isn't it? |
如果不是,其中的一个就需要升级了,对吗? |
upgrading:v.升级;[矿业]提高品位(upgrade的现在分词);n.叠积作用,加积作用;
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When I talk to my students about global issues , and I listen to them in the coffee break , they always talk about "we" and "them." |
当我和我的学生在谈论全球问题时, 我是在喝咖啡的时候听他们谈论的。 他们经常会谈论“我们”和“他们”。 |
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) coffee break:n.工间喝咖啡休息时间;
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And when they come back into the lecture room |
然后当他们回到上课的地方的时候, |
lecture:n.演讲;讲座;讲课;谴责;v.开讲座;讲授;讲课;指责;告诫
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I ask them, "What do you mean with "we" and "them"? |
我问他们,“你们说‘我们’和‘他们’是什么意思”? |
'"Oh it's very easy. It's the western world and it's the developing world." They say. |
“啊,那很简单,就是西方世界和发展中国家”,他们说到。 |
'"We learned it in college." |
“我们在大学里学到的。” |
And what is the definition then? "The definition? |
那定义是什么呢?“定义? |
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
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Everyone knows," they say. |
每个人都知道,”他们说到, |
But then you know, I press them like this. |
但是你知道,我向这样给他们施加压力。 |
So one girl said, very cleverly , "It's very easy. |
所以,一个女孩说到,十分聪明的,“这很简单。 |
cleverly:adv.聪明地;
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Western world is a long life in a small family. |
西方国家是在一个小家庭里拥有较长的寿命。 |
Developing world is a short life in a large family." |
发展中国家是在一个大家庭里有较短的寿命。“ |
And I like that definition because it enabled me to transfer their mindset into the dataset. |
我喜欢这样的定义因为这让我可以去 将他们的心态转换 到我的数据中。 |
enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移;
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And here you have the dataset. |
这里你有数据。 |
So you can see that what we have on this axis here is size of family. One, two, three, four, five children per woman on this axis. |
你可以看到这个坐标轴代表着 家庭的大小。每个妇女有一,二,三,四,五 个小孩在这个坐标轴上。 |
axis:n.轴;轴线;轴心国;
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And here, length of life, life expectancy , 30, 40, 50. |
在这里,是生命的长度,预期寿命, 30、40、50. |
life expectancy:预期寿命;
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Exactly what the students said was their concept about the world. |
这就正是我的学生概念中的世界。 |
And really this is about the bedroom. |
而这也和卧室有关。 |
Whether man and woman decide to have small family, and take care of their kids, and how long they will live. |
男人和女人决定他们是否创造一个小的家庭, 是否去照顾他们的孩子,以及他们的寿命长短。 |
It's about the bathroom and the kitchen. If you have soap, water and food, you know, you can live long. |
是和卧室和厨房有关。如果你有肥皂,水和食物,你知道, 你可以活的长点。 |
And the students were right. It wasn't that the world consisted -- the world consisted here, of one set of countries over here, which had large families and short life. Developing world. |
学生们是对的。这不是世界所包括的-- 世界所包括的在这里,一组在这里的国家, 他们有较大的家庭和较短的寿命。发展中国家。 |
consisted:vi.组成;在于;符合;
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And we had one set of countries up there which was the western world. |
然后我们在这上面有一组国家 是西方国家。 |
They had small families and long life. |
他们有较小的家庭和较长的寿命。 |
And you are going to see here the amazing thing that has happened in the world during my lifetime. |
然后你会看到在这里 发生的奇妙的事情,那就是在这个世界上在我有生之年发生的。 |
And then the developing countries applied soap and water, vaccination . |
发展中国家应用了 肥皂和水,疫苗。 |
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式) vaccination:n.接种疫苗;种痘;
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And all the developing world start to apply family planning . |
以及所有的发展中国家都应用了家庭计划。 |
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; family planning:n.计划生育;家庭计划;
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And partly to USA who help to provide technical advice and investment . |
美国也一部分的参与帮助去提供 技术建议和投资。 |
technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
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And you see all the world moves over to a two child family, and a life with 60 to 70 years. |
而且你可以看到世界上所有的家庭都向两个小孩移去, 也向60到70的寿命移去。 |
But some countries remain back in this area here. |
但是有些国家还是在原来这里的地方。 |
And you can see we still have Afghanistan down here. |
然后你可以看到阿富汗还是在那底下。 |
Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲);
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We have Liberia . We have Congo. |
我们还有黎巴嫩。有刚果。 |
Liberia:n.利比里亚(西非国家);
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So we have countries living there. |
所以我们还有国家生活在那里。 |
So the problem I had is that the worldview that my students had correspond to reality in the world the year their teachers were born. |
所以我的问题是 我学生所有的世界观 还停留在他们老师所 出生的年代。 |
worldview:n.世界观;
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(Laughter) |
(笑) |
(Applause) |
(鼓掌) |
And we, in fact, when we have played this over the world. |
当我们,实际上,我们已经在全世界展示了这个。 |
I was at the Global Health Conference here in Washington, last week, and I could see that the wrong concept even active people in the United States had. |
上个星期,我在华盛顿的世界健康会议上, 而且我可以看到,甚至是在美国活跃人物上 都有这样的错误的概念。 |
Conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
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That they didn't realize the improvement of Mexico there, and China, in relation to United States. |
他们没有意识到墨西哥,中国 相对与美国的进步。 |
improvement:n.改进,改善;
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Look here when I move them forward. |
看这里,当我把他们向前移动时。 |
Here we go. |
开始了。 |
They catch up. There's Mexico. |
他们迎头赶上。这是墨西哥。 |
It's on par with United States in these two social dimensions . |
在这两个社会层面是和美国一样的。 |
dimensions:n.规模,大小;
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There was less than five percent of the specialists in global health that was aware of this. |
这里要注意的是, 全球健康专家中,只有少于5%的人意识到这一点。 |
This great nation, Mexico, has the problem that arms are coming from north, across the borders. So they had to stop that. |
这个伟大的国家,墨西哥, 问题是大量武器来自北方, 穿越边界。所以他们必须制止这一点。 |
Because they have this strange relationship to the United States, you know. |
因为,你知道,他们和美国有的奇怪的关系。 |
But if I would change this axis here, look, and I would instead, here, I would put income per person. |
但是如果我把坐标轴换一下,看, 除了这样做,这里,我会把每个人的收入放上。 |
Income per person. I can put that here. |
人均收入。我可以放在这里。 |
And we will then see a completely different picture. |
然后我们会看到 一个完全不同的图片。 |
By the way , I'm teaching you how to use our website, Gapminder World, while I'm correcting this because this is a free utility on the net. |
顺便说一下,我在教你们 怎么使用我们的网站,Gapminder World(代沟提醒世界)。 我为什么会纠正这个? 因为这是在网上的一个免费设备。 |
By the way:顺便说一下; utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的;
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And when I now finally got it right, |
而且我终于把它做对了, |
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
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I can go back 200 years in history. |
我可以在历史上回去200年。 |
And I can find United States up there. |
这样我可以在上面这里找到美国。 |
And I can let the other countries be shown. |
而且我可以显示其他的国家。 |
And now I have income per person on this axis. |
现在我在这个坐标轴上有人均收入。 |
And the United States only had someone 2,000 dollar, at that time. |
美国每个人只有2000美元,在那时。 |
And the life expectancy was 35 to 40 years, on par with Afghanistan today. |
而且寿命的期望值是35到40年, 是和阿富汗的今天一样的。 |
And what has happened in the world, I will show now. |
我现在马上要展示的,就是世界发生了什么。 |
This is instead of studying history for one year at university. |
这不是在学习历史 而是在大学里的一年。 |
You can watch me for one minute now and you'll see the whole thing. |
你可以看我一分钟,然后你就会看到一切。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑) |
You can see how the brown bubbles , which is west Europe, and the yellow one, which is United States, they get richer and richer and also start to get healthier and healthier. |
你可以看到这些棕色的气泡,是西欧, 这些黄色的是美国, 他们是怎样变的越来越富有, 同时是这样变的越来越健康。 |
bubbles:n.泡; v.起泡; (bubble的第三人称单数和复数)
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And this is now 100 years ago where the as the rest of the world remains behind. |
现在这个是100年前 当世界其他的国家都还是落后时。 |
Here we come. And that was the influenza . |
我们开始了。那就是大流感。 |
influenza:n.[内科]流行性感冒(简写flu);家畜流行性感冒;
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That's why we are so scared about flu isn't it? |
那就是我们为什么会这么害怕流感,对吗? |
It's still remembered. The fall of life expectancy. |
我们仍然记得。寿命的缩短。 |
And then we come up. And not until independence started. |
然后我们又上升了。直到 我们独立。 |
independence:n.独立;独立性;自恃心;独立不羁的精神;
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Look here you have China over there, you have India over there, and this is what has happened. |
看看你在这里有中国, 在那里有印度, 这就是所发生的。 |
You note there, that we have Mexico up there. |
你可以注意到,我们在这上面有墨西哥。 |
Mexico is not at all on par with the United States. |
墨西哥和美国不是完全一样的。 |
not at all:毫无;一点也不;不用谢;
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But they are quite close. |
但是他们是十分接近。 |
And especially it's interesting to see |
而且在这200年里去看看 |
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
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China and the United States, during 200 years. |
美国和中国 是十分有趣的。 |
Because I have my oldest son now working for Google , after Google acquired this software. |
因为现在我的大儿子在谷歌工作, 当谷歌收购了这款软件后。 |
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; acquired:adj.习得的; v.获得; (acquire的过去分词和过去式)
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Because in fact this is child labor. My son and his wife sat in a closet for many years and developed this. |
因为这时间上是用了童工。我的儿子和妻子在衣橱里 花了很多时间来开发这个。 |
closet:n.贮藏室;壁橱adj.隐藏(身份等)的;v.把…关在房间里;
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And my youngest son, who studied Chinese in Beijing. |
而我的小儿子,在北京学习中文。 |
So they come in with the two perspectives I have. You know? |
所以我有他们的两个不同的观点,你知道? |
perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式);
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And my son, youngest son who studied in Beijing, in China, he got a long term perspective. |
我的儿子,在北京学习的最小的那一个。 在中国,他有一个长期的观点。 |
Where as when my oldest son, who work in Google, he should develop by quarter, or by half-year. |
而在谷歌工作的大儿子, 他得在一季度,或半年里开发成功。 |
Or, Google is quite generous , so he can have one or two years to go. |
或者谷歌是十分大方的,所以他可以有一年或两年。 |
generous:adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽宏大量的;有雅量的;
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But in China they look generation after generation because they remember the very embarrassing period, for 100 years, where they went backwards. |
但是在中国,你看的是一代又一代的时间 因为他们记得 那100年十分尴尬的历史, 那时间他们向后退了。 |
embarrassing:adj.令人尴尬的; v.使尴尬; (embarrass的现在分词)
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And then they would remember the first part of the last century, which was really bad. |
而且他们也记得最后一个世纪的 开端是十分不好的。 |
And we could go by this so-called great leap forward . |
我们把这叫做大跃进。 |
so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; leap forward:跃进;向前跳;快速发展;
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But this was 1963. |
但是在1963年。 |
Mao Tse-Tung eventually brought health to China. |
毛泽东终于把健康带入了中国。 |
eventually:adv.最后,终于;
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And then he died. And then Deng Xiaoping started this amazing move forward. |
然后就去世了。然后是邓小平开始 了这奇妙的进步。 |
Isn't it strange to see that United States first grew the economy , and then gradually got rich. |
难道这不很奇怪吗?看到美国是 先开始增加经济,然后慢慢的变富有。 |
economy:n.经济;节约;理财; gradually:adv.渐渐地;逐步地;
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Where as China could get healthy much early. |
然而中国则先在很早就变的很健康。 |
Because they applied the knowledge of education, nutrition , and then also benefits of penicillin and vaccines , and family planning. |
因为他们应用了教育的知识,营养, 他们也同时使用了青霉素 和疫苗,和家庭计划。 |
nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品; penicillin:n.盘尼西林(青霉素); vaccines:n.[药][计]疫苗;
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And Asia could have social development before they got the economic development. |
这样亚洲是先有的社会发展 后有了经济发展。 |
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
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So to me, as a public health professor, it's not strange that all these countries grow so fast now. |
所以对我来说,一个公共健康教授, 是不会对这些国家发展的这么快而感到奇怪的。 |
Because what you see here, what you see here is the flat world of Thomas Friedman. |
因为你所看到的这里和这里 就是托马斯弗里德曼的平面世界。 |
Isn't it? |
不是吗? |
It's not really really flat. |
这不是真的真的很平。 |
But the middle income countries, and this is where I suggest to my students, stop using the concept " developing world." |
但是那些中等收入国家, 这里我就会向我的同学建议 停止使用“发展中国家”这个概念。 |
Because after all, talking about developing world is like having two chapters in the history of United States. |
因为毕竟,谈论发展中国家 就好像是把美国历史分两个部分。 |
The last chapter is about the present, and president Obama. |
而最后的一个部分是关于这个总统,奥巴马总统。 |
And the other is about the past. |
另一个部分则是有关过去。 |
Where you cover everything from Washington to Eisenhower . |
当你把从华盛顿时代 到艾森豪威尔时代都包括进来。 |
Eisenhower:n.艾森豪威尔(美国第三十四任总统);
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Because Washington to Eisenhower, that is what we find in developing world. |
因为从华盛顿到艾森豪威尔 这就是我们所谓的发展中国家 |
We could actually go from Mayflower to Eisenhower, and that would be put together into a developing world. |
我们其实可以从五月花时代 到艾森豪威尔, 那就是整个的发展中世界。 |
Mayflower:n.五月开花的草木; put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
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Which is rightly growing its cities in a very amazing way. |
那就是正确的以一个十分奇妙的方法去发展城市。 |
rightly:adv.正确地;恰当地;公正地;合适地;
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Which have great entrepreneurs , but also have the collapsing countries, |
那也有企业家, 但是同时我们也有垮掉的国家。 |
entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数) collapsing:v.倒塌,坍塌; (collapse的现在分词)
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So how could we make a better sense about this? |
所以我们怎样才能更好的了解这个呢? |
Well one way of trying is to see whether we could look at income distribution . |
恩,其中一个是看看我们能否 观察收入的分布。 |
distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销;
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This is the income distribution of peoples in the world, from one dollar. This is where you have food to eat. |
这是世界人口的收入分布, 从1美元开始。这是你开始有食物可以吃的地方。 |
These people go to bed hungry. |
这些人是饿着睡觉的。 |
And this is the number of people. |
这是这些人的数量。 |
This is 10 dollar, whether you have a public or a private health service system. This is where you can provide health service for your family, and school for your children. |
这是10美元,不管你有公共的或 私人的健康系统。这是你可以开始 为你的家庭提供将康服务,为你的儿童提供学校的地方。 |
health service:n.公共医疗保健服务;
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And this is OECD countries. |
这是经合组织国家。 |
Green, Latin America , East Europe. |
绿色的是,拉丁美洲,东欧。 |
Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区);
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This is East Asia. And the light blue there is South Asia. |
这是东亚。南亚是这个浅蓝色。 |
And this is how the world changed. |
而这是世界上这样变化的。 |
It changed like this. |
它像这样发生了变化。 |
Can you see how it's growing? And how hundreds of millions and billions is coming out of poverty in Asia? |
你可以看到是怎样增长的吗?看到那数以万亿的收入 是这样进入到贫穷的亚洲的? |
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
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And it goes over here. |
然后它移到这里。 |
And I come now, into projections . |
这里是我对未来的预测。 |
projections:n.预测;设想;投影;投影图;(projection的复数)
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But I have to stop at the door of Lehman Brothers there. You know. Because ... |
不过我得在莱曼兄弟这里停下来,因为... |
(Laughter) |
(笑) |
Because there the projections are not valid any longer. |
因为这些预测都不准了。 |
valid:adj.有效的;有根据的;合法的;正当的;
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Probably the world will do this. |
大概世界会这样做。 |
And then it will continue forward like this. |
然后它会持续像这样。 |
But more or less this is what will happen. |
但是多多少少会这样。 |
more or less:或多或少;
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And we have a world which can not be looked upon as divided. |
而且我们有一个不能去分开看的世界。 |
We have the high income countries here, with United States as a leading power. |
我们在这有高收入国家, 美国作为领队。 |
We have the emerging economies in the middle, that provide a lot of the funding for the bailout . |
我们在中间有新兴经济体, 那给我们提供了救助的基础。 |
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) bailout:n.紧急救助;跳伞;
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And we have the low income countries here. |
然后我们在这里有低收入的国家。 |
Yeah this is a fact that from where the money come. |
对,我们的救助的钱的确就是从这些地方来的。 |
They have been saving, you know, over the last decade. |
在过去十年里,他们一直都在储蓄。 |
And here we have the low income countries where entrepreneurs are. |
而这里我们有低收入国家, 那里聚集着大量的企业家。 |
And here we have the countries in collapse and war, like Afghanistan, Somalia, parts of Congo, Darfur . |
而这里是因战争而垮掉的国家, 像阿富汗,索马里,部分刚果,达尔富尔。 |
collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭; Darfur:n.达尔富尔(苏丹地名);
|
We have all this at the same time . |
这些都发生在同一时间。 |
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
|
That's why it's so problematic to describe what has happened in the developing world. |
那也就是为什么去描述发展中国家发生了什么 是如此的困难。 |
problematic:adj.问题的;有疑问的;不确定的; describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
|
Because it's so different, what has happened there. |
因为那里所发生的非常不同。 |
And that's why I suggest a slightly different approach of what you would call it. |
那也是我为什么会建议 我们用另一种态度去看待它。 |
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
|
And you have huge difference within countries also. |
我们在国家间也有巨大的不同。 |
I heard that your departments here were by regions . |
我听说你们的部门是按地区分的。 |
regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数)
|
Here you have Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, |
这里你有撒哈拉以南非洲,南亚, |
Sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区;
|
East Asia, Arab states, |
东亚,阿拉伯国家, |
East Europe, Latin America, and OECD. |
东欧,拉丁美洲和经合组织。 |
And on this axis GDP. |
这里是代表GDP的坐标轴。 |
And on this, heath , child survival . |
这里是健康和儿童存活率。 |
heath:n.石南,石南植物;荒野;adj.杜鹃花科木本植物的; survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
|
And it doesn't come as a surprise that Africa, south of Sahara, is at the bottom. |
而且这一点也不让人吃惊 在非洲,沙哈拉南部,在底端。 |
But when I split it, when I split it into country bubbles, the size of the bubbles here is the population. |
但是当我把他们分开,当我把他们分成 国家的气泡是, 这里气泡的大小的人口。 |
split:v.分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解;n.劈开;裂缝;adj.劈开的;
|
Then you see Sierra Leone and Mauritius is completely different. |
你可以看到塞拉利昂和毛里求斯是完全不一样的。 |
Sierra:n.(尤指西班牙和美洲的)锯齿状山脉; Leone:n.利昂(塞拉利昂货币单位);
|
There is such a difference within Sub-Saharan Africa. |
这里在撒哈拉以南非洲有很大的不同。 |
And I can split the others. Here the South Asian, |
当我把其他的也分开是。东亚, |
Arab world. |
阿拉伯世界。 |
Now all you different departments. |
你现在在不同的地区都有不同。 |
East Europe, Latin America, and OECD countries. |
东欧,拉丁美洲,和经合组织国家。 |
And here were are. We have a continuum in the world. |
我们在这里。我们有一个连续的世界。 |
continuum:n.[数]连续统;[经]连续统一体;闭联集;
|
We can not put it into two parts. |
我们不能分成连个部分。 |
It is Mayflower down here. It is Washington here, building, building countries. |
这是五月花时代。这是华盛顿时代, 建造国家。 |
It's Lincoln here, advancing them. |
这是林肯,在升级他们。 |
It's Eisenhower bringing modernity into the countries. |
这是艾森豪威尔将现代化带入了国家。 |
modernity:n.现代性;现代的东西;新式;
|
And then it's United States today, up here. |
然后这是今天的美国,在这里上面。 |
And we have countries all this way. |
我们是这样创造了国家。 |
Now this is the important thing of understanding how the world has changed. |
现在是了解世界怎样 变化的关键。 |
At this point I decided to make a pause. |
在这里我觉得我需要做一个发言。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑) |
And it is my task, on behalf of the rest of the world, to convey a thank to the U.S. taxpayers , for Demographic Health Survey . |
这就是我的任务,代表这世界其他国家, 来为美国的纳税人争取一个谢谢, 为了人口健康调查所做的贡献。 |
on behalf of:代表;为了; convey:vt.传达;运输;让与; taxpayers:n.纳税人(taxpayer的复数); Demographic:adj.人口统计学的;人口学的; Survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地;
|
Many are not aware of -- no this is not a joke. |
许多人还没有意识到 -- 不这不是玩笑。 |
This is very serious. |
这很严肃。 |
It is due to USA's continuous sponsoring during 25 years of the very good methodology for measuring child mortality that we have a grasp of what's happening in the world. |
在这25年里,依靠 美国的资助,我们有一个 非常好的测量儿童死亡率的方法, 这让我们对世界所发生的事情有一个把握。 |
continuous:adj.连续的,持续的;继续的;连绵不断的; sponsoring:v.赞助;主办;促成;为慈善活动捐资;(sponsor的现在分词) methodology:n.方法学,方法论; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; grasp:n.抓住;理解;控制;v.抓住;领会;
|
(Applause) |
(掌声) |
And it is U.S. government at its best, without advocacy , providing facts, that it's useful for the society. |
而这个美国政府,正在做最大的努力 没有宣传,去提供一些 对社会有用的事实。 |
advocacy:n.主张;拥护;辩护;
|
And providing data free of charge, on the internet, for the world to use. Thank you very much. |
也在因特网上提供免费的数据 供世界享用。十分感谢你。 |
Quite in the opposite of the World Bank , who compiled data with government money, tax money, and then they sell it to add a little profit , in a very inefficient , Guttenberg way. |
世界银行则是在十分的对立面, 用政府和税收的钱来编译数据, 然后又加入一点利润将他们出售, 通过十分没有效率的,古滕贝格的方式。 |
World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构); compiled:adj.编译的;v.编辑(compile的过去分词); profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益; inefficient:adj.无效率的,效率低的;无能的;
|
(Applause) |
(掌声) |
But the people doing that at the world bank are among the best in the world. |
但是那些在世界银行所工作的人 都是世界上最优秀的。 |
And they are highly skilled professionals . |
他们在他们的范围内都是专家。 |
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; skilled:adj.熟练的;有技能的;需要技能的; professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数);
|
It's just that we would like to upgrade our international agencies to deal with the world in a modern way, as we do. |
只是我们希望我们能升级我们的国际方案 去以现代的方法来处理国际问题,就在我们处理的时候。 |
upgrade:v.使升级;提升;改良品种;n.升级;上升;上坡;adv.往上;adj.向上的; agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数);
|
And when it comes to free data and transparency , |
当这遇到免费和透明的数据时, |
transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃;
|
United States of America is one of the best. |
美国是最好之一。 |
United States of America:un.美利坚合众国;
|
And that doesn't come easy from the mouth of a Swedish public health professor. |
而且这不仅仅是从瑞典公共健康教授的口中说出。 |
Swedish:adj.瑞典的;瑞典语的;瑞典人的;n.瑞典语;瑞典人;
|
(Laughter) |
(笑) |
And I'm not paid to come here, no. |
我不是为钱来到这的,不是。 |
I would like to show you what happens with the data, what we can show with this data. |
我是想来给你们展示数据上发生了什么, 以及我们可以用这些数据来展示什么。 |
Look here. This is the world. |
看这里,这是世界。 |
With income down there, and child mortality. |
收入在这里,然后儿童死亡率。 |
And what has happened in the world? |
世界发生了什么? |
Since 1950, during the last 50 years we have had a fall in child mortality. |
自从1950年,到过去50年里 儿童死亡率有一个下降。 |
And this is the DHS that makes it possible to know this. |
这是靠国家安全局才知道的。 |
And we had an increase in income. |
我们在收入上有一个增加。 |
And the blue former developing countries are mixing up with the former industrialized western world. |
这些蓝色的发展中国家 和前工业化国家混合在一起。 |
mixing:n.混合;混频;录音;v.混合,掺和,融合;调配;配制;相容;(mix的现在分词) industrialized:adj.工业化的;v.使工业化;将…组成产业(industrialize的过去分词);
|
And we have a continuum. But we still have, and that is, of course, |
然后我们继续。但是我们这里还有,那就是,当然了 |
Congo, up there. We still have as poor countries as we have had, always, in history. |
刚果在上面这里。我们还有以前的 一些贫穷国家,在历史上。 |
And that's the bottom billion, where we've heard, today, about a completely new approach to do it. |
最底层的一亿人口,就如我们当今所听说的一样, 急需一个新的解决方案。 |
And how fast has this happened? |
这一切发生得有多快呢? |
Well MDG 4. |
好吧,第4个千年发展目标。 |
United States have not been so eager to use MDG 4. |
美国政府还不是那么急于 使用第4个千年发展目标。 |
But you have been the main sponsor that has enabled us to measure it. |
但是你们那些重要赞助商让我们可以去测量它。 |
Because it's the only child mortality that we can measure. |
因为那是我们唯一可以测量的儿童死亡率。 |
only child:n.独生子(或女);
|
And we used to say that it should fall four percent per year. |
我们经常会说每年会下降4个百分点。 |
Let's see what Sweden have done. |
让我们来看看瑞典做了什么。 |
We used to boast about fast social progress. |
我们曾经吹嘘快速的社会进步。 |
boast:v.自夸;自吹自擂;n.夸耀;夸口;
|
That's where we were, 1900. |
我们是在,1990. |
1900, Sweden was there. |
1990年,瑞典在那里。 |
Same child mortality as Bangladesh had, 1990. |
和孟加拉国一样的儿童死亡率,1990. |
Though they had lower income. |
尽管他们是低收入国家。 |
They started very well. They used the aid well. |
他们开端不错,他们充分利用国外援助。 |
They vaccinated the kids. They get better water. |
他们给小孩提供疫苗。他们有更好的水源。 |
vaccinated:v.给…接种疫苗;(vaccinate的过去分词和过去式)
|
And they reduced child mortality, with an amazing 4.7 percent per year. They beat Sweden. |
而且他们降低了儿童死亡率, 以每年4.7个百分点。他们打败了瑞典。 |
I run Sweden the same 16 year period. |
在接下来的16年里瑞典还是一样。 |
Second round it's Sweden 1916, against Egypt 1990. |
第二轮,瑞典在1960 对抗1990的埃及。 |
Here we go. Once again USA is part of the reason here. |
开始。再一次,美国在这里有一部分原因。 |
They get safe water. They get food for the poor. |
他们有更安全的水,他们给穷人提供食物。 |
And they get malaria eradicated . |
他们根除了疟疾。 |
malaria:n.[内科]疟疾;瘴气; eradicated:adj.画着根的;v.摆脱;擦掉;连根拔起(eradicate的过去分词);
|
5.5 percent. They are faster than millennium development goal. |
5.5个百分点。他们比千年发展目标要快。 |
millennium:n.千年期,千禧年;一千年,千年纪念;太平盛世,黄金时代;
|
And third chance for Sweden, against Brazil here. |
这是瑞典的第三个机会,对抗这里的巴西。 |
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
|
And Brazil here has amazing social improvement over the last 16 years. |
这里的巴西在过去16年里 有着奇妙的社会进步. |
And they go faster than Sweden. |
而且他们比瑞典要快。 |
This means that the world is converging . |
那就意味这世界在一体化。 |
converging:n.合并,会聚;adj.会聚的,收敛;v.聚合,集中于一点(converge的现在分词);
|
The middle income countries, the emerging economy, they are catching up. |
中等收入国家, 那些新兴经济体,他们在赶上来。 |
They are moving to cities, where they will also get better assistance for that. |
他们向城市发展, 那里他们可以等到更好的帮助。 |
What the Swedish do is protest at this time. |
这时瑞典人在抗议。 |
protest:n.抗议;抗议书(或行动);反对;v.(公开)反对;抗议;申辩;
|
They say, "This is not fair. |
他们说到,“”这不公平, |
because these countries had vaccine and antibiotic that was not available for Sweden. |
因为这些国家有疫苗和抗生素, 那时的瑞典还没有。 |
antibiotic:adj.抗生的;抗菌的;n.抗生素,抗菌素;
|
We have to do real-time competition ." |
我们必须做一次同时间的竞赛。” |
real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
|
Okay. I give you Singapore, the year I was born. |
好,我这里有新加坡,我出生的那一年。 |
Singapore had twice the child mortality of Sweden. |
新加坡的儿童死亡率是瑞典的两倍。 |
It's the most tropical country in the world. |
那是世界上最热带的国家。 |
tropical:adj.热带的;热情的;酷热的;
|
A marshland on the equator. |
一个在赤道沼泽地。 |
marshland:n.沼泽地,沼泽地区;
|
And here we go. It took a little time for them to get independent . |
开始了。他们独立花了一点时间。 |
independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等);
|
But then they started to grow their economy. |
但是他们开始开展他们的经济。 |
And they made the social investment. They got away malaria. |
他们他们开始社会投资。他们摆脱了疟疾。 |
They got a magnificent health system that beat both U.S. and Sweden. |
他们有了一个非常起眼的健康系统 那同时打败了美国和瑞典。 |
magnificent:adj.高尚的;壮丽的;华丽的;宏伟的;
|
We never thought it would happen that they would win over Sweden! |
我们从来没有想到他们会赢瑞典! |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |
All these green countries are achieving millennium development goals. |
这些绿色国家都在达成着千年发展计划。 |
These yellow are just about to doing this. |
这些黄色的也正准备着手开始。 |
These red countries that doesn't do it, and the policy has to be improved . |
这些红色的国家则没有做什么,而且他们的政策需要改善。 |
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式)
|
Not simplistic extrapolation . |
不是简单的推断。 |
simplistic:adj.过分简单化的;过分单纯化的; extrapolation:n.[数]外推法;推断;
|
We have to really find a way of supporting those countries in a better way. |
我们真的必须找一个能更好的 去支持这些国家的方法。 |
We have to respect the middle income countries on what they are doing. |
我们必须去尊重这些发展中国家 所做的事情。 |
And we have to fact-base the whole way we look at the world. |
我们也必须给我们的世界观有一个客观的基础。 |
This is dollar per person. This is HIV in the countries. |
这是人均收入,这是国家的艾滋病数。 |
HIV:n.艾滋病病毒;
|
The blue is Africa. |
蓝色的是非洲。 |
The size of the bubbles is how many are HIV affected. |
气泡的大小代表着有多少人被艾滋感染。 |
You see the tragedy in South Africa there. |
你可以在那看到在南非的悲剧。 |
tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;
|
About 20 percent of the adult population are infected . |
大概有20%的成年人口被感染了。 |
infected:adj.带菌的; v.传染; (infect的过去分词和过去式)
|
And in spite of them having quite a high income they have a huge number of HIV infected. |
尽管他们有一个很高的收入 他们还是有巨大的被艾滋感染数量。 |
in spite of:尽管;不管,不顾;
|
But you also see that there are African countries down here. |
但你也可以看到有一些非洲国家在底下这里。 |
There is no such thing as an HIV epidemic in Africa. |
在非洲没有所谓的大规模艾滋流行这样。 |
epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的;
|
There's a number, 5 to 10 countries in Africa that has the same level as Sweden and United States. |
这里有个数字,非洲的5-10国家 有着和瑞典和美国同样的水平。 |
And there are others who are extremely high. |
而这里也有那些数目十分高的国家。 |
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地;
|
And I will show you that what has happened in one of the best countries, with the most vibrant economy in Africa, and a good governance , is Botswana. |
而我要来给你们看看 非洲最好的国家之一,拥有着最活跃的经济体 和一个非常好的治理的博茨瓦纳,所发生的一切。 |
vibrant:adj.振动的;充满生气的;响亮的;战栗的; governance:n.管理;统治;支配;
|
They have a very high level. It's coming down. |
他们有一个十分高的感染水平。正在下降中。 |
But now it's not falling. |
但不是那么剧烈。 |
Because there, with help from PEPFAR it's working with treatment . And people are not dying. |
因为那里,正在接受紧急计划(PEPFAR)的帮组 正在接受治疗。所以受感染的人就不会死亡。 |
treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
|
And you can see it's not that easy, that it is war which caused this. |
就如你看到的,那并不简单。 那是战争造成这个的。 |
Because here, in Congo, there is war. |
因为这里,在刚果,这里有战争。 |
And here, in Zambia, there is peace. |
这里,在赞比亚,这里有和平。 |
And it's not the economy. Richer country has a little higher. |
但这里没有经济。更富有的国家有更高的水平。 |
And if I split Tanzania in its income. |
如果我把坦桑尼亚的收入分开。 |
The richer 20 percent in Tanzania has more HIV than the poorest one. |
坦桑尼亚更富有的20%人 要比贫穷的人感染更多的艾滋。 |
And it's really different within country. |
而且每个国家都不一样。 |
Look at the provinces of Kenya. They are very different. |
看看肯尼亚的一些省份。他们也十分不同。 |
And this is the situation you see. |
这就是你所看到的状况。 |
It's not deep poverty. It's the special situation. |
这不是深度贫穷。这是特殊的情况。 |
Probably of concurrent sexual partnership among part of the heterosexual population in some countries, or some parts of countries, in south and eastern Africa. |
大概是在某些国家,或国家的某些部分里 在南非或东非 在异性恋人口中 多重性伴侣所造成的。 |
concurrent:adj.并发的;一致的;同时发生的;n.[数]共点;同时发生的事件; partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约; heterosexual:adj.异性的;异性恋的;n.异性恋的人; eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒;
|
Don't make it Africa. Don't make it a race issue. |
不要说是非洲。不要搞的种族问题上。 |
Make it a local issue. And do prevention at each place, in the way it can be done there. |
这是地方问题。并在每个地方实行 当地可以接受的预防措施。 |
prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍; in the way:妨碍;挡道;
|
So to just end up. |
我要这样来结尾。 |
There are things of suffering in the one billion poorest, which we don't know. |
这里有我们所不知道的 1亿正在受贫困折磨的人口。 |
Those who live beyond the cellphone , those who have yet to see a computer, those who have no electricity at home. |
那些生活在没有手机, 或没见过电脑, 或家里没有电能的人。 |
cellphone:n.蜂窝式便携无线电话;大哥大; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
|
This is the disease Konzo, I spent 20 years elucidating in Africa. |
这就是叫孔佐(Konzo)的疾病,我花了20年 在非洲来调查。 |
disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; elucidating:vt.阐明;说明;
|
It's caused by fast processing of toxic cassava root, in famine situation. |
这是因为在饥荒的情况下,快速处理有毒木薯根。 |
processing:v.加工;处理;审核;数据处理;v.列队行进;缓缓前进;(process的现在分词) toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的; cassava:n.木薯(等于cassawa); famine:n.饥荒;
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It's similar to the pellagra epidemic in Mississippi, in the '30s. |
这和在30年代密西西比的糙皮病相似。 |
pellagra:n.[皮肤]糙皮病;玉蜀黍疹;
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It's similar to other nutritional diseases . |
这和其他的营养疾病相似。 |
nutritional:adj.营养的;滋养的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
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It will never affect a rich person |
它不会感染富有的人。 |
We have seen it here in Mozambique. |
我们在莫桑比克已经看到了。 |
This is the epidemic in Mozambique. This is an epidemic in northern Tanzania. |
这正在莫桑比克流行着。这也在南坦桑尼亚流行着。 |
You never heard about the disease. |
你从来没有听过这种疾病。 |
But it's much more than ebola that has been affected by this disease. |
但是这比伊波拉所 感染的人还要多。 |
ebola:n.埃博拉病毒;
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Cause crippling throughout the world. |
这造成了世界各地的瘫痪。 |
crippling:adj.残废的; v.使残废; (cripple的现在分词) throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
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And over the last two years 2,000 people has been crippled in the southern tip of Bandunda region. |
而在过去的两年时间里 在班登达地区南端 已经有2000人已经瘫痪了。 |
crippled:v.使残废;使跛;使成瘸子;严重毁坏(或损害)(cripple的过去分词和过去式) tip:n.小窍门,小费;v.给…小费;使倾斜;
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That used to be the illegal diamond trade, from the UNITA-dominated area in Angola. |
这里原来是非法钻石交易地。 从[不清楚]统治的安哥拉地区 |
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
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That has now disappeared . |
在那里现在已经消失了。 |
disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词)
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And they are now in great economical problem. |
他们现在则有一个更大的经济问题。 |
economical:adj.经济的;节约的;合算的;
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And one week ago, for the first time, there were four lines on the Internet. |
就在一个星期前,第一次, 这里有4条上线的因特网。 |
Don't get confused of the progress of the emerging economies, and the great capacity of people in the middle income countries, and in peaceful low income countries. |
不要对新兴经济体的成就 和在中等收入国家人民的 能力而疑惑, 而在和平宁静的低收入国家中。 |
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式) capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
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There is still mystery in one billion. |
这里还有在1亿人中的谜题。 |
And we have to have more concept than just developing countries and developing world. |
我们必须有着超越发展中国家和 发展中世界的概念。 |
We need a new mindset. The world is converging. |
我们需要一个新的态度。世界正在融合。 |
But, but, but, not the bottom billion. |
但是,但是,但不是那底层的一亿。 |
They are still as poor as they've ever been. |
他们仍然和以前一样贫穷。 |
It's not sustainable . And it will not happen around one superpower . |
这并不是可持续的。这也不会围绕着一个超级力量。 |
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; superpower:n.超级大国;超级强权;
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But you will remain one of the most important superpower. |
但是你会继续扮演着 最重要的的超级力量之一。 |
And the most hopeful superpower, for the time to be. |
也是从时间上看来最有希望的超级力量, |
And this institution will have a very crucial role, not for United States, but for the world. |
而且在这种局势下 将会有一个非常关键的角色, 不是美国,而是全世界。 |
institution:n.制度;建立;(社会或宗教等)公共机构;习俗; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的;
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So you have a very bad name, |
所以你们有一个十分差劲的名字, |
State Department , this is not the State Department. |
国家部门,这不是国家部门。 |
State Department:n.(美国)国务院;
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It's the World Department. |
这是世界部门。 |
And we have a high hope in you. Thank you very much. |
而且我们对你们给予重望。十分感谢你们。 |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |