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HannahBurckstummer_2017S-_可印刷的柔性有机太阳能电池_
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You may have noticed that I'm wearing two different shoes. |
你或许发现了, 我穿着两只不一样的鞋。 |
It probably looks funny -- it definitely feels funny -- but I wanted to make a point . |
这看起来也许挺可笑—— 穿着的感觉的确挺可笑的—— 我是为了说明一件事情。 |
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; to make a point:表明一种观点;
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Let's say my left shoe corresponds to a sustainable footprint , meaning we humans consume less natural resources than our planet can regenerate , and emit less carbon dioxide than our forests and oceans can reabsorb . |
假设我左脚的鞋代表可持续的足迹, 可持续足迹的意思是 人类消耗的自然资源 比地球可再生的要少, 以及我们排放的二氧化碳 比森林和海洋能再吸收的要少。 |
corresponds:v.相一致;符合;类似于;相当于;通信;(correspond的第三人称单数) sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; footprint:n.足迹;脚印; consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); regenerate:vt.使再生;革新;vi.再生;革新;adj.再生的;革新的; emit:v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等); carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; reabsorb:vi.再吸附;重吸收;
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That's a stable and healthy condition. |
那是一个稳定而健康的状态。 |
stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房;
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Today's situation is more like my other shoe. |
而当今的形势更像是 我的另一只鞋。 |
It's way oversized . |
它大太多了。 |
oversized:adj.过大的,极大的;
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At the second of August in 2017, we had already consumed all resources our planet can regenerate this year. |
到2017年8月2日, 我们消耗的资源就已经 超过了地球这一年可再生的量。 |
consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式)
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This is like spending all your money until the 18th of a month and then needing a credit from the bank for the rest of the time. |
这就好像刚到18号就 花光了这个月所有的钱, 然后剩下的日子要向银行借钱生活。 |
For sure, you can do this for some months in a row, but if you don't change your behavior, sooner or later , you will run into big problems. |
当然,你可以连续几个月这么过, 但如果不改变行为习惯的话, 迟早你会面临大麻烦。 |
sooner or later:迟早,早晚;
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We all know the devastating effects of this excessive exploitation : global warming , rising of the sea levels, melting of the glaciers and polar ice, increasingly extreme climate patterns and more. |
我们都知道过度使用的毁灭性影响: 全球变暖、 海平面上升、 冰川和极地冰融化、 越来越极端的气候等等。 |
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) excessive:adj.过多的,极度的;过分的; exploitation:n.开发,开采;利用;广告推销; global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖; melting:adj.感人的;v.(使)熔化,融化;(melt的现在分词) glaciers:n.[地理][水文]冰川(glacier的复数);[地理][水文]冰河; polar:adj.极地的;南极(或北极)的;n.极线;极面; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物;
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The enormity of this problem really frustrates me. |
这个问题的严重性让我很沮丧。 |
enormity:n.巨大;暴行;极恶; frustrates:vt.挫败;阻挠;使感到灰心;vi.失败;受挫;adj.挫败的;无益的;
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What frustrates me even more is that there are solutions to this, but we keep doing things like we always did. |
让我更沮丧的是, 这问题已经有解决方案了, 但我们的行为却毫无改变。 |
Today I want to share with you how a new solar technology can contribute to a sustainable future of buildings. |
今天我想和你们分享, 新型太阳能技术如何帮助 实现建筑物的可持续未来。 |
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; contribute to:有助于;捐献;
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Buildings consume about 40 percent of our total energy demand, so tackling this consumption would significantly reduce our climate emissions . |
因为建筑物消耗我们 能源总需求的约40%, 所以解决建筑物的能耗 会显着减少温室气体排放。 |
tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词); consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地; emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
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A building designed along sustainable principles can produce all the power it needs by itself. |
根据可持续原则设计的建筑物 可实现电力生产、消耗的自给自足。 |
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
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To achieve this, you first have to reduce the consumption as much as possible, by using well-insulated walls or windows, for instance . |
想要达到此目标, 首先需要尽可能减少消耗, 比如使用隔热的墙或窗户。 |
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
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These technologies are commercially available. |
这些技术在市场上可以买到。 |
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); commercially:adv.商业上;通商上;
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Then you need energy for warm water and heating. |
在需要能源来提供热水和暖气时, |
You can get this in a renewable way from the sun through solar-thermal installations or from the ground and air, with heat pumps . |
可以用可再生的方式, 通过太阳能发热设备从太阳获取, 或者用热泵从地面和空气获取。 |
renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源; installations:n.[军]设施;装置(installation的复数形式);[机]设备; pumps:n.[机]泵; v.用泵送;
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All of these technologies are available. |
所有这些技术也是唾手可得。 |
Then you are left with the need for electricity . |
最后要考虑的就是对电的需求。 |
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
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In principle , there are several ways to get renewable electricity, but how many buildings do you know which have a windmill on the roof or a water power plant in the garden? |
原则上,有几种办法来 获取可再生电能, 但你知道几个建筑物顶部有风车? 或花园里有水力发电站? |
In principle:大体上,原则上; windmill:n.风车;风车房;旋转玩具;直升飞机;vt.使旋转;vi.作风车般旋转; power plant:n.发电厂;发电站;
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Probably not so many, because usually, it doesn't make sense . |
应该没有几个,因为, 通常情况下这不符合常理。 |
make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理;
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But the sun provides abundant energy to our roofs and facades . |
但是太阳为屋顶和外墙面 提供了大量能源。 |
abundant:adj.丰富的;充裕的;盛产; facades:n.外立面(facade的复数);
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The potential to harvest this energy at our buildings' surfaces is enormous . |
在建筑物表面取用能源 是潜力巨大的。 |
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
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Let's take Europe as an example. |
让我们以欧洲为例。 |
If you would utilize all areas which have a nice orientation to the sun and they're not overly shaded , the power generated by photovoltaics would correspond to about 30 percent of our total energy demand. |
如果把朝向阳光的 所有区域都利用起来, 并且这些区域没有被 过度遮盖的话, 太阳能光伏产生的能源 能提供我们能源总需求的30%。 |
utilize:v.利用;运用;使用;应用; orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方; overly:adv.过度地;极度地; shaded:adj.荫蔽的;色彩较暗的;v.遮蔽住;使阴暗(shade的过去分词); generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词) photovoltaics:光伏;太阳光电;光生伏打
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But today's photovoltaics have some issues . |
但当今的太阳能光伏产品并不完善。 |
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
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They do offer a good cost-performance ratio , but they aren't really flexible in terms of their design, and this makes aesthetics a challenge. |
它们的性价比确实不错, 但设计不是很灵活, 这使得美观方面是个挑战。 |
ratio:n.比率;比例;v.用比例方式表达;求出…的比值;使…成比例; flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; aesthetics:n.美学;美的哲学;
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People often imagine pictures like this when thinking about solar cells on buildings. |
人们在想到建筑物的太阳能电池时, 经常想象的是这样的画面。 |
This may work for solar farms, but when you think of buildings, of streets, of architecture , aesthetics does matter. |
这也许在太阳能电厂适用, 但当你考虑到楼、街道 以及建筑物构架时, 美观很重要。 |
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
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This is the reason why we don't see many solar cells on buildings today. |
这就是当今安装太阳能电池的 建筑物不多的原因。 |
They just don't match. |
因为根本就不搭。 |
Our team is working on a totally different solar-cell technology, which is called organic photovoltaics or OPV. |
我们团队正着手于 完全不同的太阳能电池技术, 这种技术叫做 有机太阳能光伏,或OPV。 |
solar-cell:光电管; organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体;
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The term organic describes that the material used for light absorption and charge transport are mainly based on the element carbon, and not on metals. |
“有机”的意思是, 用在光吸收和电荷传输上的材料 主要基于碳元素, 而不是金属。 |
describes:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;(describe的第三人称单数) absorption:n.吸收;全神贯注,专心致志; transport:n.运输;输送;运送;运输机;v.输送;传播;使产生身临其境的感觉;(旧时)流放; mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地; element:n.元素;要素;原理;成分;自然环境;
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We utilize the mixture of a polymer which is set up by different repeating units, like the pearls in a pearl chain, and a small molecule which has the shape of a football and is called fullerene . |
我们用不同的重复性单元 合成了聚合物的混合物, 就像在珍珠链上的一粒粒珍珠, 以及一种有足球形状的 叫富勒烯的小分子。 |
mixture:n.混合;结合体;混合物;集合体; polymer:n.[高分子]聚合物; pearls:n.珍珠;像珍珠之物;(pearl的复数) molecule:n.[化学]分子;微小颗粒,微粒; fullerene:n.富勒烯;球壳状碳分子;
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These two compounds are mixed and dissolved to become an ink. |
混合并溶解这两种成分 使其成为油墨。 |
compounds:n.混合物,化合物;大院(compound的复数形式); dissolved:v.溶;使(固体)溶解;解除;终止;(dissolve的过去式和过去分词)
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And like ink, they can be printed with simple printing techniques like slot-die coating in a continuous roll-to-roll process on flexible substrates . |
就像真的墨水一样, 它可以用简单的印刷技术印出来, 比如在柔性基材上使用 连续卷对卷式槽模涂布技术。 |
techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) continuous:adj.连续的,持续的;继续的;连绵不断的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; substrates:n.基板;基底(substrate的复数);基片;
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The resulting thin layer is the active layer, absorbing the energy of the sun. |
这样制出的薄层是 用来吸收太阳能量的活性层。 |
layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次; absorbing:adj.引人入胜的;精彩的;v.吸收;吞并;同化;理解;(absorb的现在分词)
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This active layer is extremely effective . |
这个活性层极其高效。 |
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
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You only need a layer thickness of 0.2 micrometers to absorb the energy of the sun. |
只需要0.2毫米厚的这种薄层 来吸收太阳的能量。 |
thickness:n.厚度;层;浓度;含混不清; micrometers:n.微米;[机]千分尺;分厘卡;[仪]测微计;
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This is 100 times thinner than a human hair. |
人类的头发都要比 这个薄层厚100倍。 |
To give you another example, take one kilogram of the basic polymer and use it to formulate the active ink. |
举另外一个例子, 取一公斤基础聚合物, 制成活性油墨。 |
formulate:v.制订;规划;准备;确切表达;
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With this amount of ink, you can print a solar cell the size of a complete football field. |
这样做出的油墨量 可以打印出整个足球场 那么大的太阳能电池。 |
solar cell:光电管;
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So OPV is extremely material efficient , which I think is a crucial thing when talking about sustainability . |
因此OPV在原料利用率上 是非常高效的, 我觉得这对于可持续发展很关键。 |
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性;
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After the printing process, you can have a solar module which could look like this ... |
在印刷工序之后, 就能得到像这样的太阳能模块。 |
module:n.模块;组件;单元;
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It looks a bit like a plastic foil and actually has many of its features. |
它看起来有点像塑料片, 也确实具备很多塑料片的特征。 |
foil:v.衬托;阻止,挡开;挫败;贴箔于;n.箔,金属薄片;衬托,烘托;叶形片;
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It's lightweight ... |
它很轻, |
lightweight:n.轻量级选手;无足轻重的人;adj.重量轻的;平均重量以下的;
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it's bendable ... |
可以折弯, |
bendable:可弯曲的;
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and it's semi-transparent. |
而且是半透明的。 |
But it can harvest the energy of the sun outdoors and also of this indoor light, as you can see with this small, illuminated LED. |
但它既能吸收室外的太阳能, 又能吸收室内的光, 这个被点亮的小LED灯就可以证明。 |
indoor:adj.(在)室内的;在户内进行的;在室内用的; as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; illuminated:adj.被照明的;v.照明;启发;兴奋(illuminate的过去分词);
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You can use it in its plastic form and take advantage of its low weight and its bendability . |
你可以利用它的塑料形式, 重量轻以及可弯曲的特点。 |
take advantage of:利用; bendability:n.弯曲性;
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The first is important when thinking about buildings in warmer regions . |
对于热带地区的建筑物, 重量轻是很重要的。 |
regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数)
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Here, the roofs are not designed to bear additionally heavy loads. |
这些建筑物的屋顶设计 并不能承受特别重的负载。 |
additionally:adv.另外;此外;加之;
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They aren't designed for snow in winter, for instance, so heavy silicon solar cells cannot be used for light harvesting, but these lightweight solar foils are very well suited. |
例如,这里的屋顶设计 不会考虑冬天的积雪, 所以不能用很重的 硅太阳能电池来获取光能, 那这些很轻的太阳能片 就非常适用了。 |
silicon:n.[化学]硅;硅元素; foils:n.[材]箔;薄片(foil的复数);v.衬托,挡开(foil的第三人称单数);
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The bendability is important if you want to combine the solar cell with membrane architecture. |
如果想把太阳能电池与 膜结构建筑结合起来, 可弯曲的特点就尤为重要。 |
membrane:n.膜;薄膜;羊皮纸;
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Imagine the sails of the Sydney Opera as power plants. |
想象一下,悉尼歌剧院的 帆结构变成发电厂。 |
Opera:n.歌剧;歌剧院;歌剧艺术;歌剧剧本;
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Alternatively , you can combine the solar foils with conventional construction materials like glass. |
或者,可把太阳能膜片与 玻璃之类的传统建筑材料相结合。 |
Alternatively:adv.非此即彼;二者择一地;作为一种选择; conventional:adj.符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
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Many glass facade elements contain a foil anyway, to create laminated safety glass . |
反正许多玻璃外墙材料 已经包含了一层膜, 用来制作夹层安全玻璃。 |
elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数) laminated:adj.层压的;层积的;薄板状的;v.分成薄片;用薄片覆盖(laminate的过去分词); safety glass:n.安全玻璃(碎片无尖锐棱角的高强度玻璃);
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It's not a big deal to add a second foil in the production process, but then the facade element contains the solar cell and can produce electricity. |
在生产工序中加入 第二层膜并不难, 但这样做出的外墙材料中 包含了太阳能电池, 它就可以发电了。 |
a big deal:na.要人;重要的事;
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Besides looking nice, these integrated solar cells come along with two more important benefits. |
除了美观之外, 这些集成太阳能电池 还有两个重要的优点。 |
Besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外; integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词)
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Do you remember the solar cell attached to a roof I showed before? |
还记得我之前展示的 屋顶的太阳能电池吗? |
attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式)
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In this case, we install the roof first, and as a second layer, the solar cell. |
在该情况下,要先安装屋顶, 然后安装第二层,太阳能电池。 |
This is adding on the installation costs. |
这增加了安装成本。 |
In the case of integrated solar cells, at the site of construction, only one element is installed , being at the same time the envelope of the building and the solar cell. |
有了集成太阳能电池, 只需在施工现场安装一次, 建筑物的外壳与太阳能电池 同时安装。 |
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式) at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; envelope:n.信封,封皮;包膜;[天]包层;包迹;
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Besides saving on the installation costs, this also saves resources, because the two functions are combined into one element. |
这样除了能节省安装成本, 还能节约资源, 因为两个功能合并成一个部件了。 |
Earlier, I've talked about optics . |
之前我谈到了光学。 |
optics:n.[光]光学;
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I really like this solar panel -- maybe you have different taste or different design needs ... |
我很喜欢这个太阳能板—— 你可能会有不同的喜好 或设计需求—— |
solar panel:n.太阳能电池板;
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No problem. |
没问题。 |
With the printing process, the solar cell can change its shape and design very easily. |
有了印刷工艺, 很容易改变太阳能电池的 设计和形状。 |
This will give the flexibility to architects , to planners and building owners, to integrate this electricity-producing technology as they wish. |
这就给建筑师、规划师及业主 提供了灵活性, 可以按他们的意愿来 集成这种发电技术。 |
flexibility:n.灵活性;弹性;适应性; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员;
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I want to stress that this is not just happening in the labs . |
我想强调一下, 这不是只发生在实验室里。 |
labs:n.实验室;实验大楼;(lab的复数)
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It will take several more years to get to mass adoption , but we are at the edge of commercialization , meaning there are several companies out there with production lines. |
虽然还要几年才能 大规模采用这种技术, 但我们已经接近商业化, 意味着已经有公司具备生产线。 |
mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; adoption:n.采用;收养;接受; commercialization:n.商品化,商业化;
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They are scaling up their capacities , and so are we, with the inks. |
这些公司在扩大生产能力, 我们的油墨也在进步。 |
scaling:n.缩放比例; v.剥落; capacities:n.能力;容量;性能;生产量(capacity的复数);
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(Shoe drops) |
(鞋子踢踏声) |
This smaller footprint is much more comfortable. |
足迹比较小的这个舒服多了。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
It is the right size, the right scale . |
它大小合适,尺度正确。 |
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
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We have to come back to the right scale when it comes to energy consumption. |
能源消耗方面,我们也要 回到正确的尺度。 |
And making buildings carbon-neutral is an important part here. |
让建筑物保持碳中和是重要的一项。 |
carbon-neutral:adj.碳平衡的(指碳排放量减低为零,或通过环保措施抵消排放)
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In Europe, we have the goal to decarbonize our building stock [by] 2050. |
在欧洲, 我们的目标是在2050年以前 使所有建筑物脱碳。 |
decarbonize:vt.除去碳素;脱去…的碳(等于decarburize); stock:n.股票; v.库存; adj.老一套的;
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I hope organic photovoltaics will be a big part of this. |
我希望有机太阳能光伏 将会发挥巨大作用。 |
Here are a couple of examples. |
这有几个例子。 |
This is the first commercial installation of fully printed organic solar cells. |
这是第一个商业安装的 全印刷的有机太阳能电池。 |
'"Commercial" means that the solar cells were printed on industrial equipment. |
“商业”是指太阳能电池 由工业设备印刷而成。 |
industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票;
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The so-called "solar trees" were part of the German pavilion at the World Expo in Milan in 2015. |
这个所谓的“太阳能树”是2015年 米兰世博会上德国馆的一部分。 |
so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; pavilion:n.阁;亭子;大帐篷;展示馆;vt.搭帐篷;置…于亭中;笼罩; Expo:n.展览会;
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They provided shading during the day and electricity for the lighting in the evening. |
它们白天可以遮阳, 晚上为灯供电。 |
provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) shading:n.(绘画的)明暗法; v.给…遮挡(光线); (shade的现在分词)
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You may wonder why this hexagonal shape was chosen for the solar cells. |
你也许会好奇,这太阳能电池 为什么会选六角形状。 |
hexagonal:adj.六边的,六角形的;
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Easy answer: the architects wanted to have a specific shading pattern on the floor and asked for it, and then it was printed as requested. |
答案很简单: 建筑师想在地板上映出 特定的阴影图案, 要求了这个形状, 然后就按着要求印刷了。 |
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
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Being far from a real product, this free-form installation hooked the imagination of the visiting architects much more than we expected. |
离实际量产还很远的时候, 这个自由形式的安装 满足了来访的建筑师的设想, 效果远超我们的预期。 |
free-form:adj.自由形态的; hooked:adj.弯曲的; v.(使)钩住,挂住; (hook的过去分词和过去式) imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
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This other application is closer to the projects and applications we are targeting. |
另一个应用就更接近 我们的目标项目和应用了。 |
application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用;
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In an office building in S?o Paulo, Brazil , semitransparent OPV panels are integrated into the glass facade, serving different needs. |
这是巴西圣保罗的一栋办公楼, 玻璃外墙中嵌有半透明的OPV板, 来满足多个需求。 |
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); semitransparent:adj.半透明的; panels:n.面板(panel的复数); v.嵌镶(panel的第三人称单数形式);
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First, they provided shading for the meeting rooms behind. |
首先,它们给背后的会议室提供遮蔽。 |
Second, the logo of the company is displayed in an innovative way. |
其次,以一个创新的方式 展示了公司的标识。 |
logo:n.标志; displayed:v.陈列;展出;展示;显露(display的过去分词和过去式) innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
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And of course, electricity is produced, reducing the energy footprint of the building. |
当然,也能发电, 减少了整栋楼的能源消耗。 |
This is pointing towards a future where buildings are no longer energy consumers , but energy providers . |
这预示着一种未来, 那时建筑物将不再是能源消耗体, 而是能源供给体。 |
consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) providers:n.供应者;提供者;供养人;(provider的复数)
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I want to see solar cells seamlessly integrated into our building shells to be both resource-efficient and a pleasure to look at. |
我想看到太阳能电池 无缝嵌入建筑物的外壳, 实现既资源高效又美观的应用。 |
seamlessly:adv.无缝地; shells:n.壳;壳状物;炮弹;v.炮击;给…去壳(shell的第三人称单数和复数)
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For roofs, silicon solar cells will often continue to be a good solution . |
至于屋顶,硅太阳能电池 将仍然是个好的选择。 |
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
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But to exploit the potential of all facades and other areas, such as semitransparent areas, curved surfaces and shadings , |
但还要挖掘所有外墙面 以及其他区域的潜力, 例如半透明区域, 弯曲的表面及阴影区域, |
curved:adj.呈弯曲状的; v.(使)沿曲线运动; shadings:n.底纹;遮蔽;[印刷]明暗法;[印刷]描影法;留下阴影;
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I believe organic photovoltaics can offer a significant contribution , and they can be made in any form architects and planners will want them to. |
我相信有机太阳能光伏 能带来显着的贡献, 并且以建筑师和规划师 想要的任何形式呈现。 |
contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件;
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Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
(Applause) |
(鼓掌) |