返回首页

HannaRosin_2010W-_女性崛起的新数据_
We are now going through an amazing and unprecedented moment where the power dynamics between men and women are shifting very rapidly, and in many of the places where it counts the most, women are, in fact, taking control of everything. 我们现在正在经历着一个惊人的,史无前例的时刻 男人和女人之间的力量 正在迅速地转换着。 并且在很多重要的地方, 女性,实际上,控制着一切。
unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; dynamics:n.动力学,力学; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
In my mother's day, she didn't go to college. 在我母亲的那个时代,她没有上过大学。
Not a lot of women did. 大部分女性都没上大学。
And now, for every two men who get a college degree, three women will do the same. 然而如今,在五个获得大学学位的人中, 两名是男性而三名是女性。
Women, for the first time this year, became the majority of the American workforce . 女性,这一年头一次, 成为了美国劳动力的多数。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工;
And they're starting to dominate lots of professions -- doctors, lawyers, bankers, accountants . 并且她们逐渐开始主导很多职业-- 医生,律师, 银行家,会计师。
dominate:vt.控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位;vi.占优势;处于支配地位; professions:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;(profession的复数) accountants:n.会计;会计师;(accountant的复数)
Over 50 percent of managers are women these days, and in the 15 professions projected to grow the most in the next decade, all but two of them are dominated by women. 目前超过百分之五十的经理是女性。 预计将在未来十年中 发展最快的十五个行业中, 有十三个行业被女性主导。
dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词)
So the global economy is becoming a place where women are more successful than men, believe it or not, and these economic changes are starting to rapidly affect our culture -- what our romantic comedies look like, what our marriages look like, what our dating lives look like, and our new set of superheroes . 也就是说在全球经济上 女性比男性更加成功。 信不信由你, 这些经济变化 将迅速地影响我们的文化-- 影响我们的浪漫喜剧, 我们的婚姻, 我们的恋爱, 和我们新一代的超级英雄。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人; comedies:n.喜剧;喜剧性;有趣的事情(comedy的复数形式); superheroes:超级英雄(superhero的名词复数);
For a long time, this is the image of American manhood that dominated -- tough, rugged , in control of his own environment. 很长一段时间,占主导地位的美国男子气概的形象是这样的-- 坚韧的,粗犷的, 能够控制他的周围环境。
manhood:n.成年;男子;男子气概; rugged:adj.崎岖的;坚固的;高低不平的;粗糙的;
A few years ago, the Marlboro Man was retired and replaced by this much less impressive specimen , who is a parody of American manhood, and that's what we have in our commercials today. 几年前,这个万宝路男人退休了 并且被这个 给人印象不深的家伙, 一个恶搞美国男子气概的人所替代了。 这就是我们现在的广告。
Marlboro:n.万宝路(美国香烟品牌); impressive:adj.感人的;令人钦佩的;给人以深刻印象的; specimen:n.标本;样品;样本;(尤指动植物的)单一实例; parody:n.拙劣的模仿;诙谐的改编诗文;vt.拙劣模仿; commercials:n.商业广告;宣传;商业股票;(commercial的复数)
The phrase " first-born son" *头胎生子*的俗语
first-born:n.长子;长女;adj.头胎的;
is so deeply ingrained in our consciousness that this statistic alone shocked me. 是如此根深蒂固地在我们的意识中 以至于这个统计数据使我十分震惊。
ingrained:adj.根深蒂固的; v.使根深蒂固(ingrain的过去分词形式); consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉; statistic:n.统计学;统计数字;统计资料;(一项)统计数据;adj.统计(上)的;
In American fertility clinics , 75 percent of couples are requesting girls and not boys. 在美国生育诊所, 百分之七十五的夫妇 希望生个女孩而非男孩。
fertility:n.多产;肥沃;[农经]生产力;丰饶; clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式);
And in places where you wouldn't think, such as South Korea, India and China, the very strict patriarchal societies are starting to break down a little, and families are no longer strongly preferring first-born sons. 在一些你想象不到的地方, 如,韩国,印度和中国, 这些非常严谨的父系社会 体系正被打破, 而这些家庭们也不再 强烈地偏好儿子。
patriarchal:adj.家长的;族长的;由族长统治的; preferring:v.较喜欢;喜欢…多于…;(prefer的现在分词)
If you think about this, if you just open your eyes to this possibility and start to connect the dots, you can see the evidence everywhere. 如果你想到这些,如果你向这些可能性睁开你的眼睛 并且开始连接这些点, 你可以看见证据无所不在。
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
You can see it in college graduation patterns, in job projections , in our marriage statistics , you can see it in the Icelandic elections, which you'll hear about later, 你可以看见它体现在大学的毕业形势中, 在工作规划中, 在我们的婚姻统计中, 在后面你也会看到,还体现在冰岛的大选中,
projections:n.预测;设想;投影;投影图;(projection的复数) statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数) Icelandic:adj.冰岛的;冰岛人的;冰岛语的;n.冰岛语;
and you can see it on South Korean surveys on son preference , that something amazing and unprecedented is happening with women. 而且你可以从韩国对儿子的偏好的调查数据中, 看到关于女性的 一些惊人的史无前例的事件正在发生。
Korean:n.朝鲜族;韩国人;朝鲜话;adj.朝鲜的;朝鲜族的;朝鲜话的; surveys:n.调查(survey的复数); preference:n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物;
Certainly this is not the first time that we've had great progress with women. 当然这不是女性第一次的巨大进步。
The '20s and the '60s also come to mind. 又比如二十年代和六十年代。
But the difference is that, back then, it was driven by a very passionate feminist movement that was trying to project its own desires, whereas this time, it's not about passion, and it's not about any kind of movement. 但不同的是,在当时, 是被一个试图实现自身欲望的 非常激烈的女性运动所驱动, 而这次,不是关于激情, 也不是关于什么运动。
passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的; feminist:n.男女平等主义者;adj.主张男女平等的; whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之;
This is really just about the facts of this economic moment that we live in. 这真的是仅仅关于 我们现在所处的经济状态的现实。
The 200,000-year period in which men have been top dog is truly coming to an end, believe it or not, and that's why I talk about the "end of men." 这二十万年 男人当权的时代 正走向尽头,信不信由你, 这就是为什么我说是男人的尽头。
Now all you men out there, this is not the moment where you tune out or throw some tomatoes, because the point is that this is happening to all of us. 所有在座的各位男士, 现在并不用漠视我或扔给我西红柿, 因为重点是 这正发生在我们每个人身上。
tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐;
I myself have a husband and a father and two sons whom I dearly love. 我有一位丈夫和一位父亲 和两个我深爱着的儿子。
dearly:adv.深深地;昂贵地;
And this is why I like to talk about this, because if we don't acknowledge it, then the transition will be pretty painful . 这也正是为什么我想谈论这个, 因为如果我们不承认它, 那么这个演变将会十分地痛苦。
transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡; painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
But if we do take account of it, then I think it will go much more smoothly . 但是如果我们重视它, 我认为它将演变的更加平稳。
take account of:考虑到;顾及;体谅; smoothly:adv.平稳地,平滑地;流畅地,流利地;
I first started thinking about this about a year and a half ago. 我第一次考虑到这件事的时候大约是在一年半之前。
I was reading headlines about the recession just like anyone else, and I started to notice a distinct pattern -- that the recession was affecting men much more deeply than it was affecting women. 我和所有人一样在阅读关于经济萎靡的头条新闻, 我发现了一个独特的模式-- 经济衰退影响男人的程度 大于对女人的影响程度。
recession:n.经济衰退;经济萎缩;退后;撤回; distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的;
And I remembered back to about 10 years ago when I read a book by Susan Faludi called "Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man," 我还记得大约十年前 当我在读苏珊·法露迪的 “失信:美国男人的背叛”这本书
Betrayal:n.背叛;辜负;暴露;
in which she described how hard the recession had hit men, and I started to think about whether it had gotten worse this time around in this recession. 书中她描述了经济衰退是如何剧烈地影响男人们。 我于是开始想 是否这次经济衰退更糟呢？
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
And I realized that two things were different this time around. 然后我意识到了这次有两件事情不同。
The first was that these were no longer just temporary hits that the recession was giving men -- that this was reflecting a deeper underlying shift in our global economy. 第一件事就是 经济衰退带给男人们的 不再是暂时的冲击-- 这映射出我们全球经济的 深层的变化。
temporary:adj.暂时的,临时的;n.临时工,临时雇员; reflecting:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;显示,表明,表达;(reflect的现在分词) underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词)
And second, that the story was no longer just about the crisis of men, but it was also about what was happening to women. 第二,这不再 仅仅是男人们的危机, 还对女人们产生了影响。
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
And now look at this second set of slides. 现在请看第二组幻灯片。
These are headlines about what's been going on with women in the next few years. 这些标题是关于接下来的几年内女性们将发生什么样的变化。
These are things we never could have imagined a few years ago. 有些事情是我们在过去这些年从未想到过的。
Women, a majority of the workplace . 女人,劳动力的主体。
workplace:n.工作场所;车间;
And labor statistics: women take up most managerial jobs. 劳动力统计结果:女性占据大部分的管理层工作。
managerial:adj.经理的;管理的;
This second set of headlines -- you can see that families and marriages are starting to shift. 第二个标题: 你可以看到家庭和婚姻正在开始发生变化。
And look at that last headline -- young women earning more than young men. 再来看看最后一个标题: 年轻女性比年轻男性挣的更多。
That particular headline comes to me from a market research firm. 这个标题来源于一个市场调查公司。
market research:n.市场调研;市场调查;
They were basically asked by one of their clients who was going to buy houses in that neighborhood in the future. 他们被一个客户询问 谁将购买那样一个街区的房子。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数) neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
And they expected that it would be young families, or young men, just like it had always been. 他们预测将会是年轻的家庭, 或者青年,一如既往。
But in fact, they found something very surprising. 但事实上,他们惊奇地发现
It was young, single women who were the major purchasers of houses in the neighborhood. 那样一个街区房子的主要买主 是一个年轻的,单身女性。
purchasers:n.买主;(purchaser的复数)
And so they decided, because they were intrigued by this finding, to do a nationwide survey. 因为他们的好奇心被激起了,因此,他们决定 去做一个全国性的调查。
intrigued:adj.感兴趣的; v.密谋; (intrigue的过去式和过去分词)
So they spread out all the census data, and what they found, the guy described to me as a shocker , which is that in 1,997 out of 2,000 communities , women, young women, were making more money than young men. 他们分析了所有的人口统计数据, 他们发现,他的描述对我而言是一个震惊, 在一九九七年, 两千个社区中, 女性,年轻女性, 比年轻男性挣得更多。
spread out:冒火;喷火; census:vt.实施统计调查;n.人口普查,人口调查; shocker:n.令人震惊的人或事物;耸人听闻的故事或小说; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
So here you have a generation of young women who grow up thinking of themselves as being more powerful earners than the young men around them. 这一代的年轻女性 在“她们是 比其周围年轻男性 更强大的挣钱者”的想法中成长。
earners:n.赚钱的人;
Now, I've just laid out the picture for you, but I still haven't explained to you why this is happening. 现在,我仅仅将这些画面展示给你, 我还未向你们解释为什么这些事情会发生。
And in a moment , I'm going to show you a graph, and what you'll see on this graph -- it begins in 1973, just before women start flooding the workforce, and it brings us up to our current day. 过一会,我将向你们展示一个图表, 你可以从这个图表中看到-- 从一九七三年开始, 在女性充斥劳动力市场之前, 转移到今天。
in a moment:立刻;
And basically what you'll see is what economists talk about as the polarization of the economy. 基本上你看到的 就是经济学家谈论的 经济两极分化。
polarization:n.极化;偏振;两极分化;
Now what does that mean? 这表明了什么呢？
It means that the economy is dividing into high-skill , high-wage jobs and low-skill, low-wage jobs -- and that the middle, the middle-skill jobs, and the middle-earning jobs, are starting to drop out of the economy. 这表明经济被分为高技术、高薪工作 和低技术、低薪工作-- 在这中间,中等技术工作, 中薪工作正愈消亡。
high-skill:高技巧;
This has been going on for 40 years now. 这已经持续发生了四十年。
But this process is affecting men very differently than it's affecting women. 但是这个过程对男人 和女人的影响是十分不同的。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
You'll see the women in red, and you'll see the men in blue. 红色的是女人,蓝色的是男人。
You'll watch them both drop out of the middle class , but see what happens to women and see what happens to men. 你可以看到他们都从中产阶级中脱离出来, 但是看看女人发生了什么,男人又发生了什么变化。
middle class:adj.中产阶级的;中层社会的;
There we go. 这就对了。
So watch that. You see them both drop out of the middle class. 看那个,你看到他们都从中产阶级中脱离出来。
Watch what happens to the women. Watch what happens to the men. 看看女人发生了什么变化,男人又发生了什么变化。
The men sort of stagnate there, while the women zoom up in those high-skill jobs. 男人在这里似乎停滞了, 但女人急涨至高技术工作中。
stagnate:vi.停滞;淤塞;变萧条;vt.使淤塞;使沉滞;使萧条;
So what's that about? 到底怎么回事？
It looks like women got some power boost on a video game , or like they snuck in some secret serum into their birth-control pills that lets them shoot up high. 看起来好像女人像是电子游戏里一样得到很多的力量。 或者在她们的避孕药丸中偷偷地得到了种神奇的浆液 从而使得她们崛起。
boost:n.提高;增长;帮助;激励;v.使增长;使兴旺;偷窃; video game:n.电子游戏; snuck:潜行(sneak的过去式和过去分词); serum:n.血清;浆液;免疫血清;乳清;树液; birth-control:adj.节育的;避孕的; pills:n.药丸; v.起球; (pill的第三人称单数和复数)
But of course, it's not about that. 当然不是那样。
What it's about is that the economy has changed a lot. 其原因就是经济变化了很多。
We used to have a manufacturing economy, which was about building goods and products, and now we have a service economy and an information and creative economy. 我们曾拥有一个制造性经济, 也就是制造商品, 现在我们是服务性经济 一个信息化和创造性的经济。
manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); creative:adj.创造性的;
Those two economies require very different skills, and as it happens, women have been much better at acquiring the new set of skills than men have been. 这两个经济模式要求十分不相同的技能。 正是由于这个变化,女性 比男性更好地获取新的技术。
economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) acquiring:n.捕获,探测;习得;瞄准;v.获得;(acquire的现在分词);
It used to be that you were a guy who went to high school who didn't have a college degree, but you had a specific set of skills, and with the help of a union, you could make yourself a pretty good middle-class life. 曾经是这样的, 你从高中学校出来, 没有大学文凭, 但是你有一些特殊的技能, 借助于工会的帮助, 你可以让自己过上很不错的中产阶级的生活。
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; middle-class:adj.中产阶级的;中层社会的;
But that really isn't true anymore. 但是现在不再是这样了。
This new economy is pretty indifferent to size and strength, which is what's helped men along all these years. 新经济对个头和力量 不再依赖, 过去的时间里对于个头和力量的依赖显然帮助了男人。
indifferent to:无兴趣,不关心;冷漠;不在乎;
What the economy requires now is a whole different set of skills. 现在的经济要求的 是完全不一样的技术。
You basically need intelligence , you need an ability to sit still and focus, to communicate openly, to be able to listen to people and to operate in a workplace that is much more fluid than it used to be, and those are things that women do extremely well, as we're seeing. 基本上你需要智力, 你需要能够稳定地坐着并保持集中, 开放地交流 能够倾听别人 能够在一个更流动的工作场所下作业。 这些正是女人们可以做的非常的好, 正如我们所见。
intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地;
If you look at management theory these days, it used to be that our ideal leader sounded something like General Patton , right? 如果你观察一下当今的管理理论, 我们曾经的理想化的领导是 像乔治-巴顿一样的人。
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; Patton:n.巴顿将军(美国二战名将);
You would be issuing orders from above. 你可以从上向下发令。
issuing:n.发行物;争论点;期刊号;v.发行(issue的ing形式);分配;流出;
You would be very hierarchical . 你可以非常的阶级化。
hierarchical:adj.分层的;等级体系的;
You would tell everyone below you what to do. 你可以告诉你下面的每一个人做什么。
But that's not what an ideal leader is like now. 但是这不再是今天的理想化领导。
If you read management books now, a leader is somebody who can foster creativity, who can get his -- get the employees -- see, I still say "his" -- who can get the employees to talk to each other, who can basically build teams and get them to be creative. 如果你现在读管理类的书, 领导是那种可以激发创造力, 可以令他的--员工们--看吧,我仍然说“他的”-- 让员工们相互交谈, 可以组建团队并令他们拥有创造力的人。
foster:vt.培养;养育,抚育;抱(希望等);adj.收养的,养育的;
And those are all things that women do very well. 女性可以将所有这些事情做的非常的好。
And then on top of that, that's created a kind of cascading effect. 再加上,（她们）创造了一种级联效应。
cascading:v.倾泻;流注;大量落下;(cascade的现在分词)
Women enter the workplace at the top, and then at the working class , all the new jobs that are created are the kinds of jobs that wives used to do for free at home. 女人进入工作场所的上级, 然后在工薪阶层, 所有被创造的新工作 曾是主妇们在家里做的免费的工作。
working class:adj.工人阶级的;劳动阶级的;
So that's childcare , elder care and food preparation. 也就是照看小孩, 照顾老年人和准备食物。
childcare:n.儿童保育;儿童照管;adj.儿童保育的;托管的;
So those are all the jobs that are growing, and those are jobs that women tend to do. 这些工作正在增加, 这些工作也正是女人们愿意去做的。
Now one day it might be that mothers will hire an out-of-work , middle-aged , former steelworker guy to watch their children at home, and that would be good for the men, but that hasn't quite happened yet. 有一天 妈妈们将雇佣一名失业的, 中年,曾为造铁工人的男人 在家里照看他们的小孩, 这对男人也有好处,但是这至今还没有发生。
out-of-work:adj.不能工作的;停止工作的;n.失业者; middle-aged:adj.中年的;具有中年人特点的;适合于中年人的; steelworker:n.炼钢工人;
To see what's going to happen, you can't just look at the workforce that is now, you have to look at our future workforce. 想知道发生了什么,你不能仅观察现在的工作情形, 你需要观察未来的工作情形。
And here the story is fairly simple. 这其实很简单。
fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直;
Women are getting college degrees at a faster rate than men. 女人们正在以一个 比男人们更快的速度获得大学学位。
Why? This is a real mystery. 为什么？这的确不可思议。
People have asked men, why don't they just go back to college, to community college , say, and retool themselves, learn a new set of skills? 人们问男人,为什么不回到大学, 回到社区大学,重组自己, 学一些新的技术。
community college:n.社区中学;社区学院 retool:vt.重组;重新装备;vi.更换工具;重新装备;更换机械设备;
Well it turns out that they're just very uncomfortable doing that. 事实上他们对此感到十分的不舒服。
They're used to thinking of themselves as providers , and they can't seem to build the social networks that allow them to get through college. 他们习惯于认为他们是提供者, 他们似乎看起来不能社会关系网 来允许他们完成大学。
providers:n.供应者;提供者;供养人;(provider的复数)
So for some reason men just don't end up going back to college. 因此, 男人最终不能返回学校。
And what's even more disturbing is what's happening with younger boys. 更加令人不安的是 发生在年轻的男孩子身上的事情。
disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词)
There's been about a decade of research about what people are calling the "boy crisis." 这有一个进行了大约十年的调查 关于人们所谓的男生危机是什么。
Now the boy crisis is this idea that very young boys, for whatever reason, are doing worse in school than very young girls, and people have theories about that. 现在的男生危机是 年幼的男生,不知道为什么, 在学校里表现得比年幼的女生差。 人们有关于这件事情的理论。
Is it because we have an excessively verbal curriculum , and little girls are better at that than little boys? 是因为我们有过多的语言课程, 小女孩在这个方面比男孩做得更好吗?
excessively:adv.过分地;极度; verbal:adj.口头的;言语的;动词的;照字面的;n.动词的非谓语形式; curriculum:n.课程;总课程;
Or that we require kids to sit still too much, and so boys initially feel like failures? 又或者是我们过多地要求孩子们坐着不动 所以男孩子们觉得很失败？
initially:adv.最初,首先;开头;
And some people say it's because, in 9th grade, boys start dropping out of school. 有一些人说因为, 在九年级的时候,男孩子开始退学。
Because I'm writing a book about all this, I'm still looking into it, so I don't have the answer. 因为我在写一本关于这个的书,我仍然在做调查, 所以我还没有结果。
But in the mean time , I'm going to call on the worldwide education expert, who's my 10-year-old daughter, Noah , to talk to you about why the boys in her class do worse. 但同时,我将呼吁世界级教育专家, 也就是我十岁的女儿,诺亚, 和你们谈谈 为什么男孩子在他们班表现比较差。
But in the mean time:但同时; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; Noah:n.诺亚(圣经人物);
(Video) Noah: The girls are obviously smarter. （视频）诺亚:女生的确更聪明。
I mean they have much larger vocabulary. 我是说她们有更多的词汇量。
They learn much faster. 她们学得更快。
They are more controlled. 她们更遵守纪律。
On the board today for losing recess tomorrow, only boys. 在今天的黑板上只有男生被罚失去明天的休息时间。
On the board:在董事会,将在会上讨论;在那块木板上;
Hanna Rosin : And why is that? 汉娜 罗森:为什么呢？
Rosin:n.松香;树脂;vt.用松香或树脂擦抹;
Noah: Why? They were just not listening to the class while the girls sat there very nicely . 诺亚:为什么？他们不听讲 而女生坐得很端正。
nicely:adv.细致地;有吸引力;令人满意;令人愉快;adj.强健的;
HR: So there you go. 汉娜 罗森:所以你现在知道了。
This whole thesis really came home to me when I went to visit a college in Kansas City -- working-class college. 这个论文 是当我在访问堪萨斯市的一所大学时决定的-- 一所工薪阶层的大学。
thesis:n.论文;论点; Kansas:n.堪萨斯州(美国州名); working-class:adj.工人阶级的;劳动阶级的;
Certainly, when I was in college, I had certain expectations about my life -- that my husband and I would both work, and that we would equally raise the children. 当然当我在大学的时候,我对我的人生有非常明确的期望-- 我的丈夫和我都工作, 我们平等地共同抚养孩子。
expectations:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;(expectation的复数)
But these college girls had a completely different view of their future. 但是这些大学女孩儿们 对她们的未来有着完全不同的看法。
Basically, the way they said it to me is that they would be working 18 hours a day, that their husband would maybe have a job, but that mostly he would be at home taking care of the kiddies . 基本上,他们对我说的是, 他们将一天工作十八个小时, 他们的丈夫有可能有工作, 但是大部分他们将在家里照看孩子。
kiddies:n.小孩,小家伙;小山羊;
And this was kind of a shocker to me. 这对我来说是一个震惊。
And then here's my favorite quote from one of the girls: "Men are the new ball and chain." 这个是我最喜欢的一个女孩的话: “男人是新的累赘”
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Now you laugh, but that quote has kind of a sting to it, right? 你觉得好笑, 但是那句话有些刺痛,对吧。
sting:v.刺;蜇;叮;(使)感觉刺痛;n.刺;刺伤;蜇伤;刺毛;
And I think the reason it has a sting is because thousands of years of history don't reverse themselves without a lot of pain, and that's why I talk about us all going through this together. 我认为它有刺的原因 是因为数千年的历史 是不会颠覆, 如果没有疼痛的话。 这也是为什么我谈到 我们都将一起经历这个。
reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的;
The night after I talked to these college girls, 在我和这些大学女孩儿谈过之后的那天夜里,
I also went to a men's group in Kansas, and these were exactly the kind of victims of the manufacturing economy which I spoke to you about earlier. 我也去访问了在堪萨斯州的一个男生团体。 这些正是制造业经济的受害者, 正如我较早前对你们说的。
They were men who had been contractors , or they had been building houses and they had lost their jobs after the housing boom , and they were in this group because they were failing to pay their child support. 他们是那些曾经的承包商, 或者他们曾建造房屋 在房屋建造繁荣期过去之后他们失去了工作, 他们属于这个团体因为他们不能为他们的孩子支付抚养费。
contractors:n.[经]承包商;[法]立约人;合约商(contractor的复数); boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的;
And the instructor was up there in the class explaining to them all the ways in which they had lost their identity in this new age. 指导者站在教室前 向他们解释 他们是如何在新时代失去他们的身份。
instructor:n.指导书;教员;指导者; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
He was telling them they no longer had any moral authority , that nobody needed them for emotional support anymore, and they were not really the providers. 他告诉他们,他们不再有任何道义上的权威, 没有人需要他们来作为情感上的支撑, 他们也不是提供者。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; authority:n.权威;权力;当局; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
So who were they? 那么他们是谁呢？
And this was very disheartening for them. 这对他们来说是十分的沮丧的。
disheartening:adj.令人灰心的;令人气馁的;
And what he did was he wrote down on the board "$85,000," 他所作的就是在黑板上写下 八万五千美元,
and he said, "That's her salary," 然后他说,“这是她的工资。”
and then he wrote down "$12,000." 然后他写下一万两千美金。
'"That's your salary. “这是你的工资。
So who's the man now?" he asked them. 那么现在谁是一家之主？”　他问他们。
'"Who's the damn man? “谁是那个一家之主？
damn:v.谴责;该死;n.诅咒;adj.可恶的;
She's the man now." 她现在成了一家之主。”
And that really sent a shudder through the room. 那真的使整个屋子颤栗。
shudder:n.发抖;战栗;震动;vi.发抖;战栗;
And that's part of the reason I like to talk about this, because I think it can be pretty painful, and we really have to work through it. 那也是我想要谈论这个的一部分原因, 因为我认为它可以很刺痛, 我们也的确需要攻克它。
And the other reason it's kind of urgent is because it's not just happening in the U.S. 这件事情比较紧急的另一个原因是 因为它不仅仅发生在美国。
urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的;
It's happening all over the world. 它发生在整个世界。
In India, poor women are learning English faster than their male counterparts in order to staff the new call centers that are growing in India. 在印度,贫穷的女人们学习英语 比男同伴们更快 为了应聘在印度 迅速发展的客服中心。
counterparts:n.(契约)副本(counterpart的复数);相对物;相对应的人;
In China, a lot of the opening up of private entrepreneurship is happening because women are starting businesses, small businesses, faster than men. 在中国,很多私人企业家 正在崛起,因为女人们开始着手于商业, 小型商业,比男人更快。
opening up:n.解禁;开放;供开发;启用; entrepreneurship:n.企业家精神;
And here's my favorite example, which is in South Korea. 这是我最喜欢的一个例子,在韩国。
Over several decades, 过去的几十年里,
South Korea built one of the most patriarchal societies we know about. 韩国建立起我们所知的最严格的父系社会。
They basically enshrined the second-class status of women in the civil code. 他们甚至将女性的二等地位 铭记于民法里。
enshrined:把…置于神龛内;把…奉若神;珍藏;铭记(enshrine的过去式和过去分词); second-class:adj.第二流的;次劣的;adv.坐二等车;作为第二类邮件; status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的;
And if women failed to birth male children, they were basically treated like domestic servants . 如果女人不能生男孩, 她们将基本上被视为家里的佣人。
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; servants:n.仆人;服务员(servant的复数);
And sometimes family would pray to the spirits to kill off a girl child so they could have a male child. 有些时候一些家庭向神灵祈祷能杀死一个女孩 然后他们可以拥有一个男孩。
But over the '70s and '80s, the South Korea government decided they wanted to rapidly industrialize , and so what they did was, they started to push women into the workforce. 但是在七十年代和八十年代, 韩国政府决定要加快工业化, 他们所作的就是, 开始推动女性进入劳动市场。
industrialize:v.(使国家或地区)工业化;
Now they've been asking a question since 1985: "How strongly do you prefer a first-born son?" 从一九八五年到现在他们一直在问一个问题: “你对长子有多么强烈的偏好？”
And now look at the chart. 现在请看这个图表。
That's from 1985 to 2003. 是从一九八五年到二零零三年。
How much do you prefer a first-born son? 你多么偏好于长子？
So you can see that these economic changes really do have a strong effect on our culture. 你可以发现这些经济变化 的确对我们的文化有着强烈的影响。
Now because we haven't fully processed this information, it's kind of coming back to us in our pop culture in these kind of weird and exaggerated ways, where you can see that the stereotypes are changing. 现在因为我们还没有完全地处理这些信息, 它似乎回归到我们的通俗文化 以一种奇怪的夸张的方式, 你可以看到固有观念正在发生变化。
processed:v.加工,处理;审核;列队行进;(process的过去式和过去分词) weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神; exaggerated:adj.夸张的,言过其实的;v.夸张,夸大(exaggerate的过去分词和过去式) stereotypes:n.模式化观念(或形象); v.对…形成模式化(或类型化)的看法; (stereotype的第三人称单数和复数)
And so we have on the male side what one of my colleagues likes to call the " omega males" popping up, who are the males who are romantically challenged losers who can't find a job. 所以在男性这边, 我的同事喜欢称之为“欧米加男性”跳出, 他们是那些得不到爱情的失败者 那些不能找到工作的人。
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); omega:n.最后;终了;希腊字母的最后一个字Ω;n.欧米茄(品牌名称); romantically:adv.浪漫地;不切实际地; losers:n.输者,败者:(loser的复数)
And they come up in lots of different forms. 他们以很多不同的形式出现。
So we have the perpetual adolescent . 因此我们有终身的青春期。
perpetual:adj.永久的;不断的;四季开花的;无期限的; adolescent:adj.青春期的;未成熟的;n.青少年;
We have the charmless misanthrope . 我们有毫无魅力愤世嫉俗者。
charmless:adj.没有吸引力的;没有魅力的;不好看的; misanthrope:n.不愿与人来往者;厌恶人类的人;
Then we have our Bud Light guy who's the happy couch potato . 有终日赖在沙发上边看电视 边喝百威淡啤的男子。
Bud:n.芽,萌芽;蓓蕾;vi.发芽,萌芽;vt.使发芽; couch potato:成天躺著或坐在沙发上看电视的人;极为懒惰的人;
And then here's a shocker: even America's most sexiest man alive, the sexiest man alive gets romantically played these days in a movie. 这里有一个震惊:甚至于美国最性感的男性, 存活的最性感的男人 如今在电影中被浪漫地耍弄。
sexiest:最性感的(sexy的最高级);
And then on the female side, you have the opposite, in which you have these crazy superhero women. 而在女性的层面,恰恰相反, 有这些疯狂的女性超级英雄。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
You've got Lady Gaga . 有Lady Gaga。
Gaga:adj.天真地;老朽的;狂热的;疯疯癫癫的;n.疯子;老糊涂;
You've got our new James Bond, who's Angelina Jolie. 有新一代的詹姆斯·邦德, 安吉丽娜·朱莉。
And it's not just for the young, right? 不仅仅是那些年轻人,对吧。
Even Helen Mirren can hold a gun these days. 如今甚至连海伦·米伦都可以握着一把枪。
And so it feels like we have to move from this place where we've got these uber-exaggerated images into something that feels a little more normal. 所以感觉上我们需要离开这个 有着过分夸张印象的地方, 使之变得更加正常化。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
So for a long time in the economic sphere , we've lived with the term " glass ceiling ." 很长一段时间在经济领域里, 我们和一种叫做无形顶障（妇女等在职务升迁上遇到的无形障碍）的术语生活在一起。
sphere:n.球;领域;球体;球形;v.使成球形;包围;把…放在球内;使处于天体之间; glass ceiling:n.无形顶障(虽无明文规定却实际存在的对妇女等在职务升迁上的无形限制);
Now I've never really liked this term. 现在我们将永远不会喜欢这个术语。
For one thing , it puts men and women in a really antagonistic relationship with one another, because the men are these devious tricksters up there who've put up this glass ceiling. 首先,它将男人和女人 放在一个相互敌对的关系上, 因为在这里男人是 放置这个无形顶障的狡猾的骗子。
For one thing:首先;一则; antagonistic:adj.敌对的;对抗性的;反对的; devious:adj.偏僻的;弯曲的;不光明正大的; tricksters:n.骗子;魔术师;
And we're always below the glass ceiling, the women. 而我们,女人们,常常在这个无形顶障之下。
And we have a lot of skill and experience, but it's a trick, so how are you supposed to prepare to get through that glass ceiling? 我们有很多的技术和经历, 但这是一个诡计,你应该如何准备 冲破那个无形的顶障？
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
And also, " shattering the glass ceiling" is a terrible phrase. 并且,击碎无形顶障是一个糟糕的词组。
shattering:adj.给人以极大打击的; v.(使)破碎,碎裂; (shatter的现在分词)
What crazy person would pop their head through a glass ceiling? 多么疯狂的人 将会用他的头撞穿一个无形顶障？
So the image that I like to think of, instead of glass ceiling, is the high bridge. 我想象一个图像, 来代替无形顶障, 是一个高桥。
It's definitely terrifying to stand at the foot of a high bridge, but it's also pretty exhilarating , because it's beautiful up there, and you're looking out on a beautiful view. 站在高桥下是十分恐怖的, 但也是很令人高兴的, 因为那上面很美, 你眺望美丽的远景。
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; terrifying:adj.令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的;v.使害怕,使恐怖;(terrify的现在分词) at the foot of:在…(山)脚下;在…的下部; exhilarating:adj.令人兴奋的; v.使高兴; (exhilarate的现在分词)
And the great thing is there's no trick like with the glass ceiling. 更好的事情是与无形顶障不同的,这里没有诡计。
There's no man or woman standing in the middle about to cut the cables . 这里没有男人或是女人在中间 准备切断缆绳。
cables:n.缆绳;钢索;电缆;电报;v.发电报;(cable的第三人称单数和复数)
There's no hole in the middle that you're going to fall through . 这中间没有会令你掉下去的洞。
fall through:落空;失败;
And the great thing is that you can take anyone along with you. 最好的事情是你可以带任何一个人和你一起。
You can bring your husband along. 你可以带着你的丈夫。
You can bring your friends, or your colleagues, or your babysitter to walk along with you. 你可以带着你的朋友,或者你的同事, 又或者是你的保姆和你一起走。
babysitter:n.临时照顾幼儿者;
And husbands can drag their wives across, if their wives don't feel ready. 丈夫们可以拉他们的妻子过去,如果他们的妻子们还没有准备好。
drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石;
But the point about the high bridge is that you have to have the confidence to know that you deserve to be on that bridge, that you have all the skills and experience you need in order to walk across the high bridge, but you just have to make the decision to take the first step and do it. 但是关于这个高桥重要的是 你需要有自信 知道你应当在那个桥上, 因为你有所需的技巧和经历 为了走过那个高桥, 但是你需要做个决定 走出第一步并且行动。
confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; deserve:vi.应受,应得;
Thanks very much. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）