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HandspringPuppetCompany_2011-_战马背后的天才木偶制作艺术_
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| Adrian Kohler: Well, we're here today to talk about the evolution of a puppet horse. |
艾德里安 科勒:我们今天来 是想讲讲木偶战马的进化 |
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evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; puppet:n.木偶;傀儡;
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| Basil Jones: But actually we're going to start this evolution with a hyena . |
贝索 琼斯:事实上我们想以木偶鬣狗 来开篇 |
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Basil:n.罗勒属植物(用于调味);斜刃面; hyena:n.[脊椎]鬣狗,土狼;
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| AK: The ancestor of the horse. |
艾德里安 科勒:也就是木偶战马的先祖 |
| Okay, we'll do something with it. |
现在我们要表演了 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Hahahahahahahahaha. |
哈哈 |
| The hyena is the ancestor of the horse because it was part of a production called "Faustus in Africa," |
这个木偶鬣狗是木偶战马的先祖 因为它是整个制作的一部分 叫做“非洲的浮士德” |
| a Handspring Production from 1995, where it had to play draughts with Helen of Troy. |
是我们回春手公司1995年的作品 用来在海伦特洛伊一剧中拖载重物 |
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Handspring:n.翻筋斗;前手翻腾越; draughts:n.国际跳棋;
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| This production was directed by a South African artist and theater director, |
这个作品是由一个 南非的艺术家和剧场导演来指导的 |
| William Kentridge. |
威廉 肯持觉 |
| So it needed a very articulate front paw . |
所以这个鬣狗需要有非常灵敏的前爪 |
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articulate:vt.清晰地发(音); vi.发音; adj.发音清晰的; paw:v.抓;猥亵地乱摸;动手动脚;动手挑逗;n.(动物的)爪;(人的)手;
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| But, like all puppets , it has other attributes . |
但是就像所有的木偶一样,它也有其他的特性 |
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puppets:n.木偶;傀儡(puppet的复数); attributes:v.把…归因于; n.属性; (attribute的第三人称单数和复数)
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| BJ: One of them is breath, and it kind of breathes. |
贝索 琼斯:其中之一就是呼吸 它能呼吸 |
| AK: Haa haa haaa. |
艾德里安 科勒:（呼吸声） |
| BJ: Breath is really important for us. |
贝索 琼斯:呼吸对我们是很重要的 |
| It's the kind of original movement for any puppet for us onstage . |
在舞台上对木偶来说 这是一个非常基本的动作 |
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original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; onstage:adj.台上的;台上演出的;adv.上台;上场;
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| It's the thing that distinguishes the puppet -- |
这是区分木偶- |
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distinguishes:vt.区分;辨别;使杰出,使表现突出;vi.区别,区分;辨别;
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| AK: Oops. |
艾德里安 科勒:不好！ |
| BJ: from an actor. |
贝索 琼斯:和演员的基本原则 |
| Puppets always have to try to be alive. |
木偶总是试图活过来的 |
| It's their kind of ur-story onstage, that desperation to live. |
这是它们台上的挣扎 它们对生命的渴望 |
| AK: Yeah, it's basically a dead object, as you can see , and it only lives because you make it. |
艾德里安 科勒:这是个没有生命的物体,像大家看到的 它只有在你使它活过来的时候 才有生命 |
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basically:adv.主要地,基本上; as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的;
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| An actor struggles to die onstage, but a puppet has to struggle to live. |
演员试图在台上演死去 木偶在台上试图活过来 |
| And in a way that's a metaphor for life. |
这也是一种生命的隐喻 |
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metaphor:n.暗喻,隐喻;比喻说法;
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| BJ: So every moment it's on the stage , it's making the struggle. |
贝索 琼斯:所以每时每刻在舞台上,它都会试着试图活下去。 |
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on the stage:在舞台上;现阶段;当演员;
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| So we call this a piece of emotional engineering that uses up-to-the-minute 17th century technology -- |
我们管它叫做 一个情感工程 它使用最新的 十七世纪的技术- |
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emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) up-to-the-minute:adj.最新的;最近的;直到现在的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| to turn nouns into verbs . |
来把名词 变成动词 |
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nouns:名词(noun的复数) verbs:n.[语]动词(verb的复数);
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| AK: Well actually I prefer to say that it's an object constructed out of wood and cloth with movement built into it to persuade you to believe that it has life. |
艾德里安 科勒:其实我想说 这是个物体 由木头和布做的 当我们融入动作 就能诱使你相信它是有生命的 |
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prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升; constructed:v.修建;建造;组成;编制,绘制;(construct的过去分词和过去式) persuade:v.说服;劝说;使信服;使相信;
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| BJ: Okay so. |
贝索 琼斯:好的 |
| AK: It has ears that move passively when the head goes. |
艾德里安 科勒:当它的头转的时候 耳朵能跟着移动 |
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passively:adv.被动地;顺从地;
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| BJ: And it has these bulkheads made out of plywood , covered with fabric -- curiously similar, in fact, to the plywood canoes that Adrian's father used to make w hen he was a boy in their workshop . |
贝索 琼斯:它有这些隔板 都是压合板作的 覆上布料- 事实上和艾德里安的父亲 还是个孩童时 在工作间里做的 压板独木舟出奇地相似 |
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bulkheads:n.隔板;防水壁; plywood:n.夹板,胶合板; fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构; curiously:adv.好奇地;奇妙地; workshop:n.车间;研讨会;讲习班;工场;v.学习;
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| AK: In Port Elizabeth, the village outside Port Elizabeth in South Africa. |
艾德里安 科勒:在伊丽莎白港,港外的小村庄里 |
| BJ: His mother was a puppeteer . |
贝索 琼斯:他的妈妈是一个木偶剧演员 |
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puppeteer:n.操纵木偶的人;操纵傀儡;vt.操纵;
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| And when we met at art school and fell in love in 1971, |
我们在1971年 在艺术学院相识 相爱 |
| I hated puppets. |
我当时讨厌木偶 |
| I really thought they were so beneath me. |
总觉得它们很低贱 |
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beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方;
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| I wanted to become an avant garde artist -- and " Sesame Street" and Punch and Judy was certainly not where I wanted to go. |
我想成为特别前卫的艺术家- 《庞奇和朱迪》可我绝对不想做的 事实上,我花了十年 |
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avant garde:adj.先锋派的;先驱的;n.先驱;(艺术的)先锋派;前卫;前卫派;先锋艺术; Sesame:n.芝麻; Punch:n.冲床; v.拳打; (用打孔器等)打孔;
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| And, in fact, it took about 10 years. |
来发掘 |
| AK: For us to love "Sesame Street". |
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| BJ: And for me to discover the Bamaro bambano puppets of Mali in West Africa, where there's a fabulous tradition of puppetry , to learn a renewed , or a new, respect for this art form. |
那里有令人惊叹的木偶制作传统 二十年后,出乎意料地 |
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fabulous:adj.难以置信的;传说的,寓言中的;极好的; puppetry:n.木偶;木偶戏;傀儡; renewed:adj.再次发生的; v.重新开始; (renew的过去分词和过去式)
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| AK: So in 1981, I persuaded Basil and some friends of mine to form a puppet company. |
巴马口的艺术团 |
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persuaded:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的过去式和过去分词)
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| And 20 years later, miraculously , we collaborated with a company from Mali, the Sogolon Marionette Troupe of Bamako, where we made a piece about a tall giraffe. |
名字叫做“高马”的,是一个真长颈鹿大小的木偶 但换做用藤蔓做主框架, |
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miraculously:adv.奇迹般地;神奇地;非凡地;出乎意料地; collaborated:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的过去分词和过去式) Marionette:n.牵线木偶; Troupe:n.剧团;一班;一团;vi.巡回演出;
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| It was just called "Tall Horse" which was a life-sized giraffe. |
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life-sized:adj.原物大小的;与原物一样大小的;
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| BJ: And here again, you see the same structure . |
但是差不多是一样的结构 |
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structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
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| The bulkheads have now turned into hoops of cane , but it's ultimately the same structure. |
它需要在里面藏两个人,踩着高跷 |
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hoops:n.箍;环;圈;(篮球)篮圈,篮框;(hoop的复数) cane:n.手杖;藤条;细长的茎;v.以杖击;以藤编制; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
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| It's got two people inside it on stilts , which give them the height, and somebody in the front who's using a kind of steering wheel to move that head. |
艾德里安 科勒:一个人在后腿这里 同时掌控尾巴,就像是鬣狗一样- |
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stilts:n.桩子,支柱;高跷;(stilt的复数) steering wheel:n.方向盘;(操)舵轮;
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| AK: The person in the hind legs is also controlling the tail, a bit like the hyena -- same mechanism , just a bit bigger. |
贝索 琼斯:这个制作 |
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hind:adj.后部的;n.雌鹿; mechanism:n.机制;原理,途径;进程;机械装置;技巧;
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| And he's controlling the ear movement. |
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| BJ: So this production was seen by Tom Morris of the National Theatre in London. |
他的母亲说: “你有没有看过麦克 莫普构的书 |
| And just around that time, his mother had said, "Have you seen this book by Michael Morpurgo called 'War Horse'?" |
艾德里安 科勒:这是个关于一个男孩爱上一匹马的故事 这匹马被卖到去参加一次世界大战 |
| AK: It's about a boy who falls in love with a horse. |
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| The horse is sold to the First World War , and he joins up to find his horse. |
在国家剧院演戏用？” |
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First World War:n.第一次世界大战(1914至1918年间,主战场在欧洲);
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| BJ: So Tom gave us a call and said, "Do you think you could make us a horse for a show to happen at the National Theatre?" |
艾德里安 科勒:这主意听起来妙极了 贝索 琼斯:但是这马得能骑,它得有个骑士 |
| AK: It seemed a lovely idea. |
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| BJ: But it had to ride. It had to have a rider . |
（笑声） |
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rider:n.骑手;附文;扶手;
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| AK: It had to have a rider, and it had to participate in calvary charges. |
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participate:v.参加;参与; calvary:n.骷髅地(耶稣被钉上十字架的地方);基督于十字架上之受难像;
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| (Laughter) |
和骑兵团的费用 |
| A play about early 20th century plowing technology and cavalry charges was a little bit of a challenge for the accounting department at the National Theatre in London. |
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plowing:v.犁;耕;开路;犁;耕地;(plow的现在分词) cavalry:n.骑兵;装甲兵;装甲部队; a little bit of a:一点点了;
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| But they agreed to go along with it for a while . |
他们是马的藤圈系统的设计者 |
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go along with:赞同;陪…一起去; for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时;
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| So we began with a test. |
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| BJ: This is Adrian and [unclear], who went on to actually design the cane system for the horse, and our next-door neighbor Katherine, riding on a ladder . |
我们的邻居卡瑟琳 艾德里安 科勒:一旦我们逼着卡瑟琳 经历了这个特别的“炼狱” |
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next-door:adj.隔壁的;邻家的;adv.邻家; ladder:n.阶梯;途径;梯状物;v.成名;发迹;在…上装设梯子;
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| The weight is really difficult when it's up above your head. |
我们就意识到我们可能能够作出一个能被骑的马来 |
| AK: And once we put Katherine through that particular brand of hell, we knew that we might be able to make a horse, which could be ridden. |
所以我们做了个模型 是个纸板模型 比鬣狗稍小一点 |
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brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印;
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| So we made a model. |
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| This is a cardboard model a little bit smaller than the hyena. |
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cardboard:n.[纸]硬纸板;纸板箱;卡纸板;adj.不真实的;硬纸板制的;
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| You'll notice that the legs are plywood legs and the canoe structure is still there. |
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| BJ: And the two manipulators are inside. |
因为我们不能从里面 |
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manipulators:操纵器;
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| But we didn't realize at the time that we actually needed a third manipulator, because we couldn't manipulate the neck from inside and walk the horse at the same time . |
控制脖子的运动 同时也让马行走 艾德里安 科勒:在设计模型通过后, 我们开始作雏形 制作雏形很费了些时间 |
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manipulate:vt.操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
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| AK: We started work on the prototype after the model was approved , and the prototype took a bit longer than we anticipated . |
我们还得给雏形做个大箱子 它得被运往伦敦 |
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prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) anticipated:adj.预期的; v.预期; (anticipate的过去式和过去分词)
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| We had to throw out the plywood legs and make new cane ones. |
我们原本想在我们克珀城外的道路上试跑 |
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throw out:v.扔掉;伸出;说出;否决;突出;
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| And we had a crate built for it. |
但是一直忙到半夜我们也没顾得上试跑一回 |
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crate:n.板条箱;篓;v.将某物装入大木箱或板条箱中;
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| It had to be shipped to London. |
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| We were going to test-drive it on the street outside of our house in Cape Town, and it got to midnight and we hadn't done that yet. |
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test-drive:vt.试车; Cape:n.披肩;披风;短斗篷;地角;
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| BJ: So we got a camera, and we posed the puppet in various galloping stances . |
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posed:v.造成;引起;产生;提问;质询;摆好姿势;(pose的过去分词和过去式) galloping:adj.迅速增加(或蔓延)的;v.飞奔,奔驰;奔跑;(gallop的现在分词) stances:n.姿态(stance的复数);步型;
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| And we sent it off to the National Theatre, hoping that they believed that we created something that worked. |
就相信我们真的是造出了能动的东西 |
| (Laughter) |
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| AK: A month later, we were there in London with this big box and a studio full of people about to work with us. |
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studio:n.工作室;[广播][电视]演播室;画室;电影制片厂;
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| BJ: About 40 people. |
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| AK: We were terrified. |
这里我有一个十八秒钟的录像 |
| We opened the lid , we took the horse out, and it did work; it walked and it was able to be ridden. |
是这个雏形第一次走路的录像 |
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lid:n.盖子;(容器的)盖;vt.给…盖盖子;
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| Here I have an 18-second clip of the very first walk of the prototype. |
人们酝酿新题材的地方 当时我们还没有过关呢 |
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clip:v.剪辑;修剪;削减;固定;n.夹;夹子;速度;钳;
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| This is in the National Theatre studio, the place where they cook new ideas. |
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| It had by no means got the green light yet. |
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by no means:决不;
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| The choreographer , Toby Sedgwick, invented a beautiful sequence where the baby horse, which was made out of sticks and bits of twigs , grew up into the big horse. |
慢慢长大变成壮年的马 尼克 斯达,国家剧院的导演 |
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choreographer:n.编舞者,舞蹈指导; Toby:n.托比(男子名);矮胖老人形啤酒杯; sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列; twigs:[植]细枝;
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| And Nick Starr, the director of the National Theatre, saw that particular moment -- he was standing next to me -- he nearly wet himself. |
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| And so the show was given the green light. |
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| And we went back to Cape Town and redesigned the horse completely. |
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redesigned:adj.重新设计的;修订的;v.重新设计;重新制订(redesign的过去式);
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| Here is the plan. |
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| (Laughter) |
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| And here is our factory in Cape Town where we make horses. |
这些马都是手工制作的 |
| You can see quite a lot of skeletons in the background there. |
二十世纪的科技含量很少 |
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skeletons:n.骷髅;[解剖]骨骼(skeleton的复数);流言(歌曲名);
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| The horses are completely handmade . |
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handmade:adj.手工的;手制的;
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| There is very little 20th century technology in them. |
因为这些马必须要很轻,可塑性强 |
| We used a bit of laser cutting on the plywood and some of the aluminum pieces. |
很不幸,它们不能被批量生产出来 |
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aluminum:n.铝;
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| But because they have to be light and flexible , and each one of them is different, they can't be mass-produced , unfortunately . |
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flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; mass-produced:adj.大量生产的,大批生产的; unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
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| So here are some half-finished horses ready to be worked in London. |
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half-finished:adj.半成品的;半加工的;
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| And now we would like to introduce you to Joey. |
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| Joey boy, you there? |
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| Joey. |
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| (Applause) |
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| (Applause) |
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| Joey. |
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| Joey, come here. |
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| No, no, I haven't got it. |
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| He's got it in his pocket. |
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| BJ: Joey. |
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| AK: Joey, Joey, Joey, Joey. |
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| Come here. Stand here where people can see you. |
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| Move around . Come on. |
我会轻轻地讲,要不乔伊该发脾气了 |
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Move around:v.走来走去;绕着…来回转;
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| I'd just like to describe -- |
这里, 克莱格在控制马的头 |
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describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
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| I won't talk too loud. He might get irritated . |
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irritated:adj.烦恼;恼怒;v.使烦恼;刺激(irritate的过去分词和过去式)
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| Here, Craig is working the head. |
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| He has bicycle brake cables going down to the head control in his hand. |
分别管一个耳朵 |
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cables:n.缆绳;钢索;电缆;电报;v.发电报;(cable的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Each one of them operates either an ear, separately , or the head, up and down. |
他也用他的手直接 耳朵显然是 |
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separately:adv.分别地;分离地;个别地;
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| But he also controls the head directly by using his hand. |
对展示了马的表情非常重要的 当耳朵向后指 |
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directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
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| The ears are obviously a very important emotional indicator of the horse. |
说明马不是害怕就是愤怒 |
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indicator:n.指示器;[试剂]指示剂;[计]指示符;压力计;
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| When they point right back, the horse is fearful or angry, depending upon what's going on in front of him, around him. |
或者当马放松的时候,头会垂下来 |
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fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的;
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| Or, when he's more relaxed , the head comes down and the ears listen, either side. |
马的听觉十分常重要的 几乎比它们的视觉更重要 |
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relaxed:adj.轻松的;冷静的;v.放松;休息;宽慰;(relax的过去分词和过去式)
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| Horses' hearing is very important. |
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| It's almost more important than their eyesight . |
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eyesight:n.视力;目力;
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| Over here, |
请看这里的弦腱 |
| Tommy's got what you call the heart position. |
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| He's working the leg. |
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| You see the string tendon from the hyena, the hyena's front leg, automatically pulls the hoop up. |
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string:n.字符串; v.悬挂; adj.由弦乐器组成的; tendon:n.[解剖]腱; automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Horses are so unpredictable . |
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unpredictable:adj.不可预知的;不定的;出乎意料的;n.不可预言的事;
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| (Laughter) |
马上就给你一种 |
| The way a hoof comes up with a horse immediately gives you the feeling that it's a convincing horse action. |
后腿也有相似的动作 |
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hoof:n.(马等动物的)蹄;v.猛踢(球);把(球)踢出很远 convincing:adj.令人信服的; v.使确信; (convince的现在分词)
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| The hind legs have got the same action. |
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| BJ: And Mikey also has, in his fingers, the ability to move the tail from left to right, and up and down with the other hand. |
很复杂的组合 艾德里安 科勒:你想说说关于呼吸的部分么？ |
| And together, there's quite a complex possibility of tail expression . |
贝索 琼斯:我们在呼吸的模拟上撞了南墙 艾德里安以为 |
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complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
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| AK: You want to say something about the breathing? |
他必须要把木偶的胸部剖成两半 |
| BJ: We had a big challenge with breathing. |
才能做出呼吸- |
| Adrian thought that he was going to have to split the chest of the puppet in two and make it breath like that -- because that's how a horse would breathe, with an expanded chest. |
但是我们发现 如果这样做 作为观众的你们是看不到的 |
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split:v.分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解;n.劈开;裂缝;adj.劈开的; expanded:adj.扩充的;展开的;vt.扩大(expand的过去式);
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| But we realized that, if that were to be happening, you wouldn't, as an audience, see the breath. |
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| So he made a channel in here, and the chest moves up and down in that channel. |
这个和自然的动作是相悖的,上下动 所以就非常简单就解决了 |
| So it's anti-naturalistic really, the up and down movement, but it feels like breath. |
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| And it's very, very simple because all that happens is that the puppeteer breathes with his knees. |
艾德里安 科勒:另一个表情 如果我在马这里按下去 |
| AK: Other emotional stuff . |
核心的表演者能够从身体里面摇动 |
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stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
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| If I were to touch the horse here on his skin, the heart puppeteer can shake the body from inside and get the skin to quiver . |
这个木偶是用藤线作的 |
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quiver:n.颤抖;箭袋;震动;v.颤抖;振动;
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| You'll notice, of course, that the puppet is made out of cane lines. |
我在画这个马的三维立体图的时候选择的 为了能让它在空中腾跃 |
| And I would like you to believe that it was an aesthetic choice, that I was making a three-dimensional drawing of a horse that somehow moves in space. |
当然了,这里用的藤线很轻 |
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aesthetic:adj.美的;美学的;审美的,具有审美趣味的; three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
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| But of course, it was the cane is light, the cane is flexible, the cane is durable , and the cane is moldable . |
就是这块皮肤自己 是用透明的尼龙网作的 |
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durable:adj.耐用的;耐久的;长期的;长久的;n.耐久品; moldable:adj.可塑造的;
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| And so it was a very practical reason why it was made of cane. |
如果灯光师 |
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practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课;
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| The skin itself is made out of a see-through nylon mesh , which, if the lighting designer wants the horse to almost disappear , she can light the background and the horse becomes ghostlike . |
你只能看见马的骨骼 如果你从下面打灯,它就变得更实际一些 |
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see-through:adj.透明的;穿透的; nylon:n.尼龙,[纺]聚酰胺纤维;尼龙袜; mesh:n.网格;网状物;陷阱;困境;圈套;v.(使)吻合,相配,匹配,适合; disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在; ghostlike:adj.恐怖的;灵魂似的;adv.幽灵似地;
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| You see the skeletal structure of it. |
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skeletal:adj.骨骼的,像骨骼的;骸骨的;骨瘦如柴的;
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| Or if you light it from above, it becomes more solid. |
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| Again, that was a practical consideration . |
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consideration:n.顾及;报酬;斟酌;仔细考虑;
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| The guys inside the horse have to be able to see out. |
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| They have to be able to act along with their fellow actors in the production. |
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| And it's very much an in-the-moment activity that they're engaged in . |
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engaged in:从事于;忙于;
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| It's three heads making one character. |
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| But now we would like you to put Joey through some paces. |
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| And plant. |
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| (Whinny) |
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| Thank you. |
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| And now just -- |
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| (Applause) |
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| All the way from sunny California we have Zem Joaquin who's going to ride the horse for us. |
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| (Applause) |
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| (Applause) |
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| (Music) |
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| So we would like to stress that the performance you see in the horse is three guys who have studied horse behavior incredibly thoroughly . |
贝索 琼斯他们在台上时 是不能够互相交谈的 因为他们都有麦克风 |
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performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; thoroughly:adv.彻底地,完全地;
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| BJ: Not being able to talk to one another while they're onstage because they're mic'd. |
轻声嘶鸣和大声嘶吼等等- |
| The sound that that very large chest makes, of the horse -- the whinnying and the nickering and everything -- that starts usually with one performer, carries on with a second person and ends with a third. |
艾德里安 科勒:迈克 伯瑞特,来自莱斯特 （掌声） |
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whinnying:n.马嘶声;adj.马嘶声;vt.以嘶声表示;vi.嘶,嘶叫; second person:n.第二人称;
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| AK: Mikey Brett from Leicestershire. |
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| (Applause) |
迈克 伯瑞特,克莱格,里奥, |
| Mikey Brett, Craig, Leo, |
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| Zem Joaquin and Basil and me. |
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| (Applause) |
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| Thank you. Thank you. |
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| (Applause) |
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