|
|
GuyHoffman_2013X-_有“灵魂”的机器人_
|
My job is to design, build and study robots that communicate with people. |
我的工作是设计、构造和研究 那些能够与人交流的机器人。 |
But this story doesn't start with robotics at all, it starts with animation . |
不过这个故事不是从机器人说起, 而是要从动画说起。 |
robotics:n.机器人学; animation:n.活泼,生气;激励;卡通片绘制;
|
When I first saw Pixar's "Luxo Jr.," |
当我第一次看到皮克斯的《顽皮跳跳灯》电影时, |
I was amazed by how much emotion they could put into something as trivial as a desk lamp . |
我惊呆了, 一个如此微不足道的台灯 竟能表现如此多的感情。 |
emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感; trivial:adj.不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的; desk lamp:桌灯,台灯;
|
I mean, look at them -- at the end of this movie, you actually feel something for two pieces of furniture . |
你看他们啊!电影结尾的时候, 你真的开始喜欢上这两件小小的家具了。 |
furniture:n.家具;设备;储藏物;
|
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
And I said, I have to learn how to do this. |
我对自己说,我要学会做这样的东西。 |
So I made a really bad career decision. |
所以我做了一个很坏的职业决策, |
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
|
And that's what my mom was like when I did it. |
我做出这个决定的时候,我妈妈就是这样的。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
I left a very cozy tech job in Israel at a nice software company and I moved to New York to study animation. |
我辞去了在以色列一个软件公司的 一份非常舒服的技术工作, 我搬到了纽约 去学习动画。 |
cozy:n.保温罩;v.蒙骗;抚慰;adj.舒适的;安逸的; Israel:n.以色列(亚洲国家);犹太人,以色列人;
|
And there I lived in a collapsing apartment building in Harlem with roommates. |
在那,我和我的室友住在 哈莱姆一栋即将坍塌的公寓楼里。 |
collapsing:v.倒塌,坍塌; (collapse的现在分词) Harlem:n.黑人住宅区(纽约的);
|
I'm not using this phrase metaphorically , the ceiling actually collapsed one day in our living room . |
我没有夸张, 有一天天花板真的塌下来了 就塌在了我们的客厅里。 |
metaphorically:adv.隐喻地;用比喻; collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式) living room:n.客厅;起居室;
|
Whenever they did those news stories about building violations in New York, they would put the report in front of our building. |
每次报到纽约的违章建筑时, 他们都会跑到们的大楼下进行采访。 |
violations:n.违反,妨碍;违规或不雅行为(violation的复数形式);
|
As kind of like a backdrop to show how bad things are. |
就好像让你看看现场有多糟糕一样。 |
backdrop:n.背景;背景幕;交流声;
|
Anyway, during the day I went to school and at night |
言归正传,我上学的日日夜夜, |
I would sit and draw frame by frame of pencil animation. |
我不停地一幅又一幅地用铅笔画着画。 |
frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的;
|
And I learned two surprising lessons -- one of them was that when you want to arouse emotions , it doesn't matter so much how something looks, it's all in the motion -- it's in the timing of how the thing moves. |
我学到了两个让我惊讶的东西—— 其中一个是: 当你想要唤起某些情感时, 外观并不算太重要, 关键是动作——物体运动时,对时间的把握。 关键是动作——物体运动时,对时间的把握。 |
arouse:v.激发;唤醒;激起;激起性欲; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
|
And the second, was something one of our teachers told us. |
第二个是我们的一个老师告诉我们的。 |
He actually did the weasel in Ice Age. |
他正是电影《冰河世纪》的黄鼠狼。 |
weasel:vi.逃避;含糊其辞;n.鼬鼠;狡猾的人;
|
And he said: "As an animator you are not a director, you're an actor." |
他说: ”作为一个动画制作者, 你不是一个导演,而是一个演员。“ |
animator:n.鼓舞者;赋与生气者;卡通片绘制者(等于animater);
|
So, if you want to find the right motion for a character, don't think about it, go use your body to find it -- stand in front of a mirror, act it out in front of a camera -- whatever you need. |
所以如果你要为一个角色找到正确的肢体语言, 不要想,用你的身体找到它, 站在镜子面前,摄像机前,演出来, 无论你需要做什么。 |
And then put it back in your character. |
然后再把这个动作放在你的角色上。 |
A year later I found myself at MIT in the robotic life group, it was one of the first groups researching the relationships between humans and robots. |
一年以后,我去了麻省理工大学(MIT)的 机器人生命小组,这是最早 开始研究人类和机器人关系的小组之一。 |
And I still had this dream to make an actual, physical Luxo Jr. lamp. |
我依然怀揣着要造一个 真正的、可触碰的顽皮跳跳灯的梦想。 |
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
|
But I found that robots didn't move at all in this engaging way that I was used to for my animation studies. |
但是我发现机器人完全不是 按照我的动画课程中的那种 按照我的动画课程中的那种 |
engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
|
Instead, they were all -- how should I put it, they were all kind of robotic. |
相反的,他们都—— 该怎么说呢?他们都有点儿机械化。 |
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
And I thought, what if I took whatever I learned in animation school, and used that to design my robotic desk lamp. |
我就想,如果我可以把我在动画学校学到的东西 应用于设计我的机器人台灯会怎样? |
what if:如果…怎么办?
|
So I went and designed frame by frame to try to make this robot as graceful and engaging as possible. |
因此我设计了一幅又一幅, 试图让这个机器人 尽量优雅、有吸引力。 |
graceful:adj.优雅的;优美的;
|
And here when you see the robot interacting with me on a desktop . |
这里你可以看到这个桌子上的机器人 在跟我互动, |
interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词) desktop:n.桌面;桌面(显示使用程序图标的计算机屏幕);
|
And I'm actually redesigning the robot so, unbeknownst to itself, it's kind of digging its own grave by helping me. |
我其实是在重新设计这个机器人, 而这个机器人完全不知道, 它帮我,其实是在自掘坟墓呢。 |
redesigning:v.重构;重设计(redesign的现在分词); unbeknownst:adv.不知地;adj.不知的; grave:adj.重大的;严肃的;黯淡的;n.墓穴,坟墓;死亡;v.雕刻;铭记;
|
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
I wanted it to be less of a mechanical structure giving me light, and more of a helpful, kind of quiet apprentice that's always there when you need it and doesn't really interfere . |
比起把他它做成一个照明的机械, 比起把他它做成一个照明的机械, 我更想要一个能帮忙的、安静的学徒, 随时满足你的需求却不打扰你。 |
mechanical:adj.机械的;力学的;呆板的;无意识的;手工操作的; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; apprentice:n.学徒;生手;vt.使…当学徒;vi.当学徒; interfere:v.干涉;干预;介入;
|
And when, for example, I'm looking for a battery that I can't find, in a subtle way, it will show me where the battery is. |
比如,当我要找一个我怎么也 找不到的电池时, 它可以巧妙地提醒我电池在哪里。 |
battery:n.[电]电池,蓄电池;n.[法]殴打;n.[军]炮台,炮位; subtle:adj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的;
|
So you can see my confusion here. |
你看到我的困惑了吗? |
confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘;
|
I'm not an actor. |
我不是一个演员。 |
And I want you to notice how the same mechanical structure can at one point, just by the way it moves seem gentle and caring -- and in the other case, seem violent and confrontational . |
我希望你们注意到,同一个机械如何 在前一刻非常温柔、充满关怀, 在前一刻非常温柔、充满关怀, 下一刻又显得非常暴力,有进攻性。 |
by the way:顺便说一下; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; confrontational:adj.对抗的;对抗性的;
|
And it's the same structure, just the motion is different. |
一模一样的结构,改变的仅仅是动作。 |
Actor: "You want to know something? Well, you want to know something? |
演员:”你想知道吗?你真的想知道吗? |
He was already dead! |
他已经死了! |
Just laying there, eyes glazed over!" |
他已经死了! |
glazed:adj.光滑的; v.变呆滞,发呆; (glaze的过去分词和过去式)
|
(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
But, moving in graceful ways is just one building block of this whole structure called human-robot interaction . |
(笑声) 人类机器人互动结构的一块基石。 |
interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;
|
I was at the time doing my Ph.D., |
那时候我正在攻读我的博士学位, |
I was working on human robot teamwork; teams of humans and robots working together. |
我正在研究人类与机器人的团队合作, 也就是人类和机器人一起合作。 |
I was studying the engineering , the psychology , the philosophy of teamwork. |
我在学习团队合作的工程学, 心理学和哲学。 |
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) psychology:n.心理学;心理状态; philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观;
|
And at the same time I found myself in my own kind of teamwork situation with a good friend of mine who is actually here. |
同时,我意识到自己 和我的一个好朋友(他今天也在这里), 也碰到了一个团队合作的情境。 |
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
|
And in that situation we can easily imagine robots in the near future being there with us. |
在那个情境中,我们很容易想象 不久的将来机器人会和我们在一起。 |
It was after a Passover seder . |
那是在一个逾越节家宴结束后, |
Passover:n.(圣经)逾越节;(圣经)逾越节祭神的羔羊; seder:n.逾越节家宴;
|
We were folding up a lot of folding chairs, and I was amazed at how quickly we found our own rhythm . |
我们要收起大量的折叠椅, 我惊讶于我们迅速找到了各自的节奏。 |
rhythm:n.节奏;韵律;
|
Everybody did their own part. |
每个人都做了自己的那部分, |
We didn't have to divide our tasks. |
无需分工, |
We didn't have to communicate verbally about this. |
无需特意口头沟通。 |
verbally:adv.口头地,非书面地;用言辞地;
|
It all just happened. |
就这样发生了。 |
And I thought, humans and robots don't look at all like this. |
于是我想, 于是我想, |
When humans and robots interact, it's much more like a chess game. |
当人类和机器人互动的时候, 就好像他们在下象棋。 |
The human does a thing, the robot analyzes whatever the human did, then the robot decides what to do next, plans it and does it. |
人类走一步, 机器人对此分析一下, 然后机器人决定接下来怎么做, 计划好,走下一步。 |
analyzes:分析;
|
And then the human waits, until it's their turn again. |
这时候人类就等着,直到轮到他们玩为止。 |
So, it's much more like a chess game and that makes sense because chess is great for mathematicians and computer scientists. |
所以,人类和机器人的互动更像下象棋, 这很好理解,因为 对数学家和计算机科学家来说,象棋很好, |
mathematicians:n.[数]数学家(mathematician的复数形式);
|
It's all about information analysis , decision making and planning. |
它们都是关于信息分析、 决策制定和计划。 |
analysis:n.分析;分解;验定;
|
But I wanted my robot to be less of a chess player, and more like a doer that just clicks and works together. |
但比起象棋玩家,我更希望我的机器人是一个行动者, 但比起象棋玩家,我更希望我的机器人是一个行动者, 可以和人类有默契地一起工作。 |
doer:n.实干家;行为者;
|
So I made my second horrible career choice: |
于是我做了我人生中的第二个糟糕的职业决策: |
horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的,
|
I decided to study acting for a semester . |
我决定学习一学期的表演课程。 |
semester:n.学期;半年;
|
I took off from a Ph.D. I went to acting classes. |
我放下了我的博士课程,去上了表演课。 |
I actually participated in a play, |
我还参与了一个戏剧, |
participated:v.参加;参与;(participate的过去式和过去分词)
|
I hope theres no video of that around still. |
希望现在已经找不到那个视频了。 |
theres:adv.在那里;在那边;在那点上;int.你瞧;n.那个地方;
|
And I got every book I could find about acting, including one from the 19th century that I got from the library. |
我找到了每一本关于表演的书, 其中包括一本从图书馆里借来的 19世纪的书。 |
And I was really amazed because my name was the second name on the list -- the previous name was in 1889. (Laughter) |
我震惊地发现我的名字是借阅者名单上的第二个, 之前的一个名字是1889年。(笑声) |
second name:n.姓;中间名; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
|
And this book was kind of waiting for 100 years to be rediscovered for robotics. |
这本书已经躺了100年了, 只为了借机器人之名被重新发现。 |
rediscovered:v.重新发现,重新找到;(rediscover的过去分词和过去式)
|
And this book shows actors how to move every muscle in the body to match every kind of emotion that they want to express . |
这本书教演员 如何调动他们身体上的每块肌肉 来表达他们想要表达的情感。 |
muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务;
|
But the real relevation was when I learned about method acting . |
真正让我受到启示的是 方法演技。 |
method acting:n.方法演技;
|
It became very popular in the 20th century. |
方法演技。 |
And method acting said, you don't have to plan every muscle in your body. |
方法演技指出,你不需要安排你的每一块肌肉, |
Instead you have to use your body to find the right movement. |
相反,你可以用你的身体找到对的动作。 |
You have to use your sense memory to reconstruct the emotions and kind of think with your body to find the right expression . |
你应该运用你的感觉记忆, 去重新建构情感, 用你的身体找到对的表情。 |
reconstruct:vt.重建;改造;修复;重现; expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
|
Improvise , play off yor scene partner. |
即兴发挥,根据你的场景搭档即兴表演。 |
Improvise:v.即兴创作;临时拼凑;临时做;
|
And this came at the same time as I was reading about this trend in cognitive psychology called embodied cognition . |
这个时候我也正读到 认知心理学关于具身认知的东西, |
trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; embodied:v.呈现(embody的过去式及过去分词形式);具体表达; cognition:n.认识;知识;认识能力;
|
Which also talks about the same ideas -- |
这也谈到同样的观点—— |
We use our bodies to think, we don't just think with our brains and use our bodies to move. |
即我们用我们的身体思考, 我们并不是用大脑思考用身体表现, |
but our bodies feed back into our brain to generate the way that we behave . |
而是我们的身体反馈给大脑 并做出相应的动作, |
generate:v.产生;引起; behave:v.表现;(机器等)运转;举止端正;(事物)起某种作用;
|
And it was like a lightning bolt . |
这对我好像一道闪电。 |
lightning:n.闪电;adj.闪电般的;飞快的;突然的 bolt:n.螺栓; v.狼吞虎咽; v.突然;
|
I went back to my office. |
我马上回了我的办公室。 |
I wrote this paper -- which I never really published called "Acting Lessons for Artificial Intelligence ." |
我写了这篇论文,从来也没发表过, 叫做《人工智能的表演课》。 |
Artificial Intelligence:n.人工智能;
|
And I even took another month to do what was then the first theater play with a human and a robot acting together. |
我甚至花了一个月的时间 去做当时第一部由人类和机器人 一起主演的戏剧。 |
That's what you saw before with the actors. |
你之前看到的演员和机器人的表演就是这部戏剧。 |
And I thought: |
当时我就想: |
How can we make an artificial intelligence model -- computer, computational model -- that will model some of these ideas of improvisation , of taking risks, of taking chances, even of making mistakes. |
我们怎样可以做出这样的人工智能模型—— 计算机、计算机模型等等, 它们会即兴发挥、 会冒险、 甚至会犯错。 |
computational:adj.计算的; improvisation:n.即兴创作;即兴演奏;
|
Maybe it can make for better robotic teammates. |
它可能会是更好的机器人队友。 |
So I worked for quite a long time on these models and I implemented them on a number of robots. |
因此我花了很多时间去研究这些模型, 我还在几个机器人身上做了试验。 |
implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词)
|
Here you can see a very early example with the robots trying to use this embodied artificial intelligence, to try to match my movements as closely as possible, sort of like a game. |
这里你可以看到一个早期的例子, 这个机器人试图运用具身人工智能 来尽量模仿我的动作, 就好像一个游戏。 |
Let's look at it. |
我们来看一下。 |
You can see when I psych it out, it gets fooled. |
你可以看到我可以糊弄它。 |
And it's a little bit like what you might see actors do when they try to mirror each other to find the right synchrony between them. |
有点像你可能看到的演员们 互相模仿对方 只为了找到他们之间的默契。 |
synchrony:n.同步;
|
And then, I did another experiment, and I got people off the street to use the robotic desk lamp, and try out this idea of embodied artificial intelligence. |
然后,我又做了另外一个实验, 我从大街上拉人来使用这个机器人台灯, 试验具身人工智能。 |
So, I actually used two kinds of brains for the same robot. |
其实,同样的机器人我用了两个大脑, |
The robot is the same lamp that you saw, and I put in it two brains. |
机器人就是你看到的这个台灯, 机器人就是你看到的这个台灯, |
For one half of the people, |
对一半的人, |
I put in a brain that's kind of the traditional , calculated robotic brain. |
我放入了一个传统的、 机械计算的大脑。 |
traditional:传统的,惯例的,
|
It waits for its turn, it analyzes everything, it plans. |
它会等,会分析,会计划, |
Let's call it the calculated brain. |
我们暂且称它为“会计算的大脑”。 |
The other got more the stage actor, risk taker brain. |
给另一半人则是那个舞台演员、爱冒险的大脑, |
taker:n.接受者;接受打赌的人;捕获者;
|
Let's call it the adventurous brain. |
我们暂且称它为“爱冒险的大脑”, |
adventurous:adj.爱冒险的;大胆的;充满危险的;
|
It sometimes acts without knowing everything it has to know. |
有的时候它在并不知道所有事情的时候行动, |
It sometimes makes mistakes and corrects them. |
有的时候它会犯错然后去纠正。 |
And I had them do this very tedious task that took almost 20 minutes and they had to work together. |
我让他们完成一项无比乏味的任务, 这个任务要花近20分钟, 他们必须一起合作完成, |
tedious:adj.沉闷的;冗长乏味的;
|
Somehow simulating like a factory job of repetitively doing the same thing. |
有点类似在工厂工作, 机械地重复一件事情。 |
Somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; simulating:n.模拟;假装; repetitively:adv.重复地;
|
And what I found was that people actually loved the adventurous robot. |
我发现人们非常喜欢 那个“爱冒险的机器人”。 |
And they thought it was more intelligent , more committed , a better member of the team, contributed to the success of the team more. |
他们觉得它非常聪明, 非常忠心,是一个很好的团队成员, 一起帮助团队成功。 |
intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) contributed:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物); (contribute的过去式和过去分词)
|
They even called it 'he' and 'she,' whereas people with the calculated brain called it 'it.' |
他们甚至称它为“他”和“她”, 而另外那些人称那个“会计算的机器人”为“它”, |
whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之;
|
And nobody ever called it 'he' or 'she'. |
没有人称它为“他”或“她”。 |
When they talked about it after the task with the adventurous brain, they said, "By the end, we were good friends and high-fived mentally ." |
任务完成后, 那些与“会冒险的大脑”互动的人说: “最后,我们成了好朋友, 还在脑内举手击掌了。” |
high-fived:举手击掌; mentally:adv.精神上,智力上;心理上;
|
Whatever that means. |
不管那是啥意思…… |
(Laughter) Sounds painful . |
(笑声)听上去很…(口齿不清) |
painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
|
Whereas the people with the calculated brain said it was just like a lazy apprentice. |
然而,那些与“会计算的大脑”互动的人 则说“它就像一个懒徒弟, |
It only did what it was supposed to do and nothing more. |
只做最基本的。“ |
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
|
Which is almost what people expect robots to do, so I was surprised that people had higher expectations of robots, than what anybody in robotics thought robots should be doing. |
这基本上和同人对机器人期待一样, 所以我有些惊讶,比起那些机器人研究专家, 人们居然对机器人有更高的期望。 |
expectations:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;(expectation的复数)
|
And in a way, I thought, maybe it's time -- just like method acting changed the way people thought about acting in the 19th century, from going from the very calculated, planned way of behaving , to a more intuitive , risk-taking , embodied way of behaving. |
但从另一个角度,我又想, 也许就像方法演技改变了 19世纪人们思考表演的方式一样, 是时间改变这种通过精确计算的 行为方式, 而转向一种更直觉的、冒险的、 用身体表现的行为方式。 |
behaving:v.表现:表现得体:有礼貌:(behave的现在分词) intuitive:adj.直觉的;凭直觉获知的; risk-taking:n.冒险;承担风险;adj.冒险的;
|
Maybe it's time for robots to have the same kind of revolution . |
也许类似的 机器人革命时间到了。 |
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
|
A few years later, |
几年后, |
I was at my next research job at Georgia Tech in Atlanta , and I was working in a group dealing with robotic musicians. |
几年后, 我在一个研究机器人音乐家的 小组工作。 |
Atlanta:n.亚特兰大(美国城市);
|
And I thought, music, that's the perfect place to look at teamwork, coordination , timing, improvisation -- and we just got this robot playing marimba . |
小组工作。 研究团队合作、配合、 时间分配和即兴表演的领域, 我们有这个玩马林巴的机器人。 |
coordination:n.协调,调和;对等,同等; marimba:n.木琴;马林巴琴;
|
Marimba, for everybody who was like me, it was this huge, wooden xylophone . |
和我一样对乐器不在行的朋友,马林巴是 一个巨大的木琴。 |
wooden:adj.木制的;木头的;木头似的;死板的 xylophone:n.木琴;
|
And, when I was looking at this, |
我看着这个, |
I looked at other works in human-robot improvisation -- yes, there are other works in human-robot improvisation -- and they were also a little bit like a chess game. |
又看了那些其它的人类和机器人的即兴互动, ——没错,还有其它人和机器人即兴互动的项目—— 都差不多也是一个个象棋游戏式的互动。 |
The human would play, the robot would analyze what was played, would improvise their own part. |
人类走一步, 机器人对此分析, 然后决定下一步。 |
So, this is what musicians called a call and response interaction, and it also fits very well, robots and artificial intelligence. |
音乐家们称其为 呼叫和应答互动, 作为机器人和人工智能,这很合适。 |
response:n.响应;反应;回答;
|
But I thought, if I use the same ideas I used in the theater play and in the teamwork studies, maybe I can make the robots jam together like a band . |
但是我想,如果我可以运用 戏剧表演和团队合作中的研究发现, 也许我可以让这些机器人 组成一个乐队, |
band:n.带;波段;频带;箍;v.加彩条(或嵌条等);(将价格、收入等)划分档次;
|
Everybody's riffing off each other, nobody is stopping it for a moment. |
每个人都在即兴发挥,没有人需要停下来。 |
riffing:abbr.雷达识别装置(RadarIdentificationSet);
|
And so, I tried to do the same things, this time with music, where the robot doesn't really know what it's about to play. |
于是这次我尝试用音乐做试验, 机器人并不知道 它会演奏什么, |
It just sort of moves its body and uses opportunities to play, |
它就这样移动它的身体, 找机会演奏, |
And does what my jazz teacher when I was 17 taught me. |
做着我17岁时候的爵士老师教我的事情。 |
She said, when you improvise, sometimes you don't know what you're doing and you're still doing it. |
她说,当你即兴表演的时候, 有的时候,你并不知道你在做什么, 但是你还是继续做。 |
And so I tried to make a robot that doesn't actually know what it's doing, but it's still doing it. |
于是我尝试做一个不知道自己在做什么 却仍然继续做的机器人。 |
So let's look at a few seconds from this performance . |
让我们来看一下这个表演的一个小片段。 |
performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
|
Where the robot listens to the human musician and improvises . |
机器人听人类音乐家演奏 然后即兴发挥。 |
improvises:vt.即兴创作;即兴表演;临时做;临时提供;vi.即兴创作;即兴表演;临时凑合;
|
And then, look at how the human musician also responds to what the robot is doing, and picking up from its behavior. |
接着,看人类音乐家如何 回应机器人的行为, 回应机器人的行为, |
responds:v.(口头或书面)回答,回应;作出反应;响应;(respond的第三人称单数)
|
And at some point can even be surprised by what the robot came up with. |
有时甚至被机器人的表现惊讶。 |
(Music) |
(音乐) |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |
Being a musician is not just about making notes, otherwise nobody would every go see a live show. |
作为一个音乐家不仅仅是编写音符, 否则没有人会去看现场表演了。 |
Musicians also communicate with their bodies, with other band members, with the audience, they use their bodies to express the music. |
音乐家也用他们的身体交流, 和他们的乐队成员,和观众, 他们用他们的身体来表现音乐。 |
And I thought, we already have a robot musician on stage, why not make it be a full-fledged musician. |
于是我想,我们已经有一个在舞台上的机器人音乐家, 为什么不把它打造成一个真正的音乐家呢? |
full-fledged:adj.羽毛生齐的;有充分资格的;发育完全的;
|
And I started designing a socially expressive head for the robot. |
于是我开始为机器人设计一个 可以表现情感的头部。 |
expressive:adj.表现的;有表现力的;表达…的;
|
The head does't actually touch the marimba, it just expresses what the music is like. |
头部并不会碰到马林巴, 它只是用来表现音乐是什么样的。 |
expresses:表达(express的动词单数第三人称形式);[交]快车;快递(express的名词复数);
|
These are some napkin sketches from a bar in Atlanta, that was dangerously located exactly halfway between my lab and my home. (Laughter) |
这草图的纸巾来自亚特兰大某处一个酒吧, 而且酒吧就正好在实验室和我家的正中间。(笑声) 而且酒吧就正好在实验室和我家的正中间。(笑声) |
napkin:n.餐巾;餐巾纸;尿布; sketches:n.[测]草图; v.素描,写生(sketch的第三人称单数); dangerously:adv.危险地;不安全; located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式)
|
So I spent, I would say on average, three to four hours a day there. |
我大概平均 我大概平均 |
I think. (Laughter) |
“大概”…(笑声) |
And I went back to my animation tools and tried to figure out not just what a robotic musician would look like, but especially what a robotic musician would move like. |
我重新拾起了我的动画工具,试图想象 不仅仅一个机器人音乐家的样子, 特别是一个机器人音乐家会如何移动它的身体, |
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
|
To sort of show that it doesn't like what the other person is playing -- and maybe show whatever beat it's feeling at the moment. |
来告诉人们它不喜欢其他人的演奏, 还有它自己当下感觉到的节奏。 还有它自己当下感觉到的节奏。 |
So we ended up actually getting the money to build this robot, which was nice. |
幸运的是,我们最终还获得了一笔 造这样一个机器人的资金。 |
I'm going to show you now the same kind of performance, this time with a socially expressive head. |
接下来我给大家看一下同样的表演 换成一个情感表现头的效果。 |
And notice one thing -- how the robot is really showing us the beat it's picking up from the human. |
注意一点: 请观察这个机器人如何 根据人类的演奏即兴发挥, |
We're also giving the human a sense that the robot knows what it's doing. |
也让人类知道,这个机器人知道它在做什么。 |
And also how it changes the way it moves as soon as it starts its own solo . |
还有独奏开始时,它是如何做出回应的。 还有独奏开始时,它是如何做出回应的。 |
as soon as:一…就; solo:n.独奏; adj.独奏的; v.单人攀登; v.单独地;
|
(Music) |
(音乐) |
Now it's looking at me to make sure I'm listening. |
这会儿它正看着我确保我在听。 |
(Music) |
(音乐) |
And now look at the final chord of the piece again, and this time the robot communicates with its body when it's busy doing its own thing. |
我们再看一下这段的最后一部分, 现在机器人正在用它的身体进行沟通, 当它正忙于做它自己的事情时, |
chord:n.弦;和弦;
|
And when it's ready to coordinate the final chord with me. |
忙于准备 跟我一起演奏最后的旋律。 |
coordinate:n.坐标; v.协调; adj.同等的;
|
(Music) |
(音乐) |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |
Thanks. I hope you see how much this totally not -- how much this part of the body that doesn't touch the instrument actually helps with the musical performance. |
谢谢。我希望你能看到 它的头部不碰到乐器 其实有助于音乐表演! |
instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械;
|
And at some point, we are in Atlanta, so obviously some rapper will come into our lab at some point. |
既然我们在亚特兰大, 就不会没有说唱歌手参与到我们的试验中来。 既然我们在亚特兰大, 就不会没有说唱歌手参与到我们的试验中来。 |
rapper:n.敲门者;叩击物;
|
And we had this rapper come in and do a little jam with the robot. |
这个说唱歌手来了之后, 我们让他和这个机器人一起表演。 |
And here you can see the robot basically responding to the beat and -- notice two things. One, how irresistible it is to join the robot while it's moving its head. |
这里你可以看到这个机器人 对节奏的回应, 请注意两点。第一,当这个机器人在摇头晃脑的时候, 你是不是也很想加入其中, |
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; responding:v.响应;作出反应;反应灵敏;(respond的现在分词) irresistible:adj.不可抵抗的;不能压制的;极为诱人的;
|
and you kind of want to move your own head when it does it. |
和它一起晃动你的头部? |
And second, even though the rapper is really focused on his iPhone, as soon as the robot turns to him, he turns back. |
第二,虽然这个说唱歌手非常专注于它的苹果手机, 当机器人转向它的时候,他也马上转回来。 |
So even though it's just in the periphery of his vision -- it's just in the corner of his eye -- it's very powerful. |
虽然仅仅是在他的视线边缘—— 他的眼角的余光里,它仍然非常强大。 |
periphery:n.外围,边缘;圆周;圆柱体表面; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
|
And the reason is that we can't ignore physical things moving in our environment. |
这就是为什么我们不能忽视 我们周边物体的移动。 |
ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬;
|
We are wired for that. |
我们天生会这样做。 |
So, if you have a problem with maybe your partners looking at the iPhone too much or their smartphone too much, you might want to have a robot there to get their attention. (Laughter) |
所以,如果你的搭档 很喜欢看它的苹果手机或智能手机, 也许你需要一个机器人 来获得他们的注意力。(笑声) |
smartphone:n.智能手机;
|
(Music) |
(音乐) |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |
Just to introduce the last robot that we've worked on, that came out of something kind of surprising that we found: |
最后再为大家介绍一下 我们最近在打造的一个机器人。 说来也奇怪,我们发现 |
At some point people didn't care anymore about the robot being so intelligent, and can improvise and listen, and do all these embodied intelligence things that I spent years on developing. |
到了某个阶段,人们不再对那些聪明的、 会即兴表演、会聆听、 会做那些我花了多年研究的身体智能表演的 机器人感兴趣了。 |
They really liked that the robot was enjoying the music. (Laughter) |
他们真的很喜欢那个会享受音乐的机器人。(笑声) |
And they didn't say that the robot was moving to the music, they said that the robot was enjoying the music. |
他们没有说这个机器人是随着音乐扭动身体, 而是说这个机器人在享受音乐。 |
And we thought, why don't we take this idea, and I designed a new piece of furniture. |
于是我们想,为什么不借用这个想法呢, 因此我设计了一件新的小家具。 |
This time it wasn't a desk lamp; it was a speaker dock . |
这次不是一个台灯,而是一个扬声器底座, |
dock:n.码头;船坞;被告席;尾巴的骨肉部分;vt.使靠码头;剪短;vi.入船坞;
|
It was one of those things you plug your smartphone in. |
就是你可以把你的智能手机放上去的那种。 |
plug:n.插头;塞子;栓;v.塞住;用插头将与电源接通;
|
And I thought, what would happen if your speaker dock didn't just play the music for you, but it would actually enjoy it too. (Laughter) |
于是我想,如果这个扬声器底座 不仅可以为你放音乐, 还可以享受音乐,会怎样?(笑声) |
And so again, here are some animation tests from an early stage. (Laughter) |
这是早期的一些动画尝试。 这是早期的一些动画尝试。 |
And this is what the final product looked like. |
这是最终的成品的样子。 |
("Drop It Like It's Hot") |
饶舌音乐 |
So, a lot of bobbing head. |
不停的点头…… |
bobbing:v.(使在水中)上下快速移动,摆动;把(头发)剪成齐短发;(bob的现在分词)
|
(Applause) |
(掌声) |
A lot of bobbing heads in the audience, so we can still see robots influence people. |
观众那里也有很多人在不停点头, 因此我们可以看到机器人可以影响人。 |
influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
|
And it's not just fun and games. |
当然这一切不仅仅只是娱乐和游戏。 |
I think one of the reasons I care so much about robots that use their body to communicate and use their body to move -- and I'm going to let you in on a little secret we roboticists are hiding -- |
我觉得自己非常热衷研究 那些可以用身体沟通、 用身体移动的机器人的一个原因是—— 我告诉你一个只有我们机器人专家知道的秘密—— |
roboticists:n.机器人专家;
|
is that every one of you is going to be living with a robot at some point in their life. |
我们每一个人在生命的某个阶段 都会需要机器人, |
Somewhere in your future there's going to be a robot in your life. |
你未来的某个阶段会有个机器人。 |
And if not in yours, then in your children's lives. |
如果不是你的未来,那么你的孩子的未来。 |
And I want these robots to be -- to be more fluent , more engaging, more graceful than currently they seem to be. |
我希望这些机器人 比现在 可以更流畅、更吸引人、更优雅。 比现在 可以更流畅、更吸引人、更优雅。 |
fluent:adj.流畅的,流利的;液态的;畅流的; currently:adv.当前;一般地;
|
And for that I think that maybe robots need to be less like chess players and more like stage actors and more like musicians. |
因此,我觉得机器人 不应该是像一个象棋玩家, 而应该更像一个舞台演员或者音乐家。 |
Maybe they should be able to take chances and improvise. |
它们应该可以冒险,会即兴表演, |
And maybe they should be able to anticipate what you're about to do. |
甚至会预料到你接下来会做什么。 |
anticipate:v.预期,期望;占先,抢先;提前使用;
|
And maybe they need to be able to make mistakes and correct them, because in the end we are human. |
它们也应该可以犯错 并且改正, 并且改正, |
And maybe as humans, robots that are a little less than perfect are just perfect for us. |
也许对人类而言,不完美的机器人 才是完美的。 |
Thank you. |
谢谢! |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |