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GregoryPetsko_2008-_将要到来的神经流感_
Unless we do something to prevent it, over the next 40 years we’re facing an epidemic of neurologic diseases on a global scale . 如果我们还不采取措施开始保护的话 那么40年后,我们将面临一场 神经疾病的全球性蔓延。
epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的; neurologic:adj.神经病学的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
A cheery thought. 比较有意思的想法哈。
cheery:adj.愉快的,活泼的;
On this map, every country that’s colored blue has more than 20 percent of its population over the age of 65. 在这张地图上,所有蓝色区域的国家中 百分之20的人口年龄大于65岁。
This is the world we live in. 这是现在的情况。
And this is the world your children will live in. 这是我们下一代的情况。
For 12,000 years, the distribution of ages in the human population has looked like a pyramid, with the oldest on top. 12000年前,人口年龄分布图 像一座金字塔,年长者在顶端。
distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销;
It’s already flattening out. 现在,顶端基本上已经平坦了。
flattening:n.整平;扁率;压扁作用;v.压扁(flatten的ing形式);
By 2050, it’s going to be a column and will start to invert . 预计到2050年时,整个分布图会变成柱状并开始上下颠倒。
column:n.栏目,纵队; invert:vt.使…转化; n.颠倒的事物; adj.转化的;
This is why it’s happening. 发生这种变化的原因是。
The average lifespan’s more than doubled since 1840, and it’s increasing currently at the rate of about five hours every day. 人类的平均寿命长度已经从1840年时翻了一倍 并且还在以每天5小时的速度增加
currently:adv.当前;一般地; at the rate of:按…之速度;按...比率;
And this is why that’s not entirely a good thing: because over the age of 65, your risk of getting Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s Disease will increase exponentially . 这并不全是一个好消息,因为: 当人们65岁以后,患老年痴呆症 和帕金斯症的机率会成指数级增加
exponentially:adv.以指数方式;
By 2050, they’ll be about 32 million people in the United States over the age of 80, and unless we do something about it, half of them will have Alzheimer’s Disease and three million more will have Parkinson’s Disease. 到2050年时,美国会有3千2百万人 年龄大于80岁,如果我们还不采取措施的话 他们中的一半会得老年痴呆症 三百万人会得帕金斯症。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
Right now, those and other neurologic diseases -- for which we have no cure or prevention -- cost about a third of a trillion dollars a year. 当前,这类神经疾病 我们还无法治愈或预防 尽管我们每年要花费掉将近3000亿美元
prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍; trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
It will be well over a trillion dollars by 2050. 这个数字到2050年预计会超过1万亿美元。
Alzheimer’s Disease starts when a protein that should be folded up properly misfolds into a kind of demented origami . 老年痴呆症的发生就像是 本来应该折叠成正确形状的蛋白质 被胡乱揉成一团
protein:n.蛋白质; demented:adj.发狂的,疯狂的; v.精神错乱; (dement的过去分词和过去式) origami:n.折纸手工;折纸手工品;
So one approach we’re taking is to try to design drugs that function like molecular Scotch tape , to hold the protein into its proper shape. 因此我们可以设想:能否制造 一种分子胶 把蛋白质固定成它本来的形状
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; molecular:adj.[化学]分子的;由分子组成的; Scotch tape:n.思高(3M公司注册商标)胶带;
That would keep it from forming the tangles that seem to kill large sections of the brain when they do. 这样就可以避免在它变形的过程中缠结一团 从而破坏了大面积的脑神经
tangles:n.缠结; v.使缠结;
Interestingly enough, other neurologic diseases which affect very different parts of the brain also show tangles of misfolded protein, which suggest that the approach might be a general one, 更有意思的是:在其他一些 影响不同脑功能的神经类疾病 ,也发现了错误折叠纠缠一团的蛋白质 这就是说:原因也许是一致的
Interestingly:adv.有趣地; misfolded:错误折叠的;
and might be used to cure many neurologic diseases, not just Alzheimer’s Disease. 也许可以用来治疗很多神经类疾病 并不只是老年痴呆症
There’s also a fascinating connection to cancer here, because people with neurologic diseases have a very low incidence of most cancers . 另外,神经疾病还与癌症有密切关系。 因为神经疾病患者的 各种癌症的发病率都很低
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) incidence:n.发生率;影响;[光]入射;影响范围; cancers:n.癌; (Cancers是cancer的复数)
And this is a connection that most people aren’t pursuing right now, but which we’re fascinated by. 绝大多数人都还没有去探索这两者之间的关系 但我们对此却很感兴趣。
pursuing:v.追求;致力于;贯彻;跟踪;追赶;(pursue的现在分词)
Most of the important and all of the creative work in this area is being funded by private philanthropies . 最重要的一点是:所有该领域的有创造性的研究资金全部 来自于私人慈善贡献。
creative:adj.创造性的; funded:adj.提供资金的;v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息;(fund的过去式); philanthropies:n.博爱,慈善;慈善事业;
And there’s tremendous scope for additional private help here, because the government has dropped the ball on much of this, I’m afraid. 该领域还需要巨大的私人资金支持 因为恐怕政府不太关注这个领域。
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; scope:n.能力; v.仔细看; additional:adj.附加的,额外的;
In the meantime , while we’re waiting for all these things to happen, here’s what you can do for yourself. 同时,在等待过程中, 可以为自己做些预防
In the meantime:在此期间;于此际;
If you want to lower your risk of Parkinson’s Disease, caffeine is protective to some extent; nobody knows why. 如果你想减少患帕金森症的机率 咖啡因似乎有些作用,但没人知道为什么。
caffeine:n.[有化][药]咖啡因;茶精(兴奋剂); protective:adj.防护的;关切保护的;保护贸易的;
Head injuries are bad for you. They lead to Parkinson’s Disease. 头部受伤会增加患帕金斯症的机率。
injuries:n.伤害,损伤;挫伤;(injury的复数)
And the Avian Flu is also not a good idea. 禽流感也一样。
Avian:adj.鸟的;鸟类的;n.鸟;
As far as protecting yourself against Alzheimer’s Disease, well, it turns out that fish oil has the effect of reducing your risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. 至于预防老年痴呆症 鱼油是可以有效地 降低患老年痴呆症的风险。
As far as:至于…;
You should also keep your blood pressure down, because chronic high blood pressure is the biggest single risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease. 另外,还应该注意保持血压 因为慢性高血压 是最有可能导致老年痴呆症的。
blood pressure:n.[医]血压; chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的; factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入;
It’s also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma , which is just Alzheimer’s Disease of the eye. 同时也是最有可能导致青光眼的 青光眼其实就是“老年痴呆症-眼睛版”
glaucoma:n.[眼科]青光眼;绿内障;
And of course, when it comes to cognitive effects, "use it or lose it" applies , so you want to stay mentally stimulated . 当然涉及到认知的影响时 “用进废退”原则适用 所以如果想要保持精神刺激的话
cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; applies:v.适用;申请;运用;专心;(apply的第三人称单数) mentally:adv.精神上,智力上;心理上; stimulated:adj.受激的;v.刺激(stimulate的过去式和过去分词);
But hey, you’re listening to me. 那么你们听见我说的了吧。
So you’ve got that covered. 那样这部分就没问题啦。
And one final thing. Wish people like me luck, okay? 最后,祝愿像我这样的科研人员幸运。
Because the clock is ticking for all of us. 因为时钟滴答作响,时不我待。
Thank you. 谢谢。