返回首页

GlennGreenwald_2014G-_为什么隐私很重要_
There is an entire genre of YouTube videos devoted to an experience which I am certain that everyone in this room has had. YouTube 里有这样一类视频 我敢肯定在场所有人都有和视频里一样的经历
genre:n.类型;种类;体裁;样式;流派;风俗画;adj.风俗画的;以日常情景为主题的; devoted:adj.专心致志; v.献身; (devote的过去分词和过去式)
It entails an individual who, thinking they're alone, engages in some expressive behavior — wild singing, gyrating dancing, some mild sexual activity — 它会找来一个人 让他觉得自己是一个人 然后让他做一些夸张的事情 比如大声唱歌,夸张地跳舞, 或者一些轻度性行为
entails:vt.使需要,必需;承担;遗传给;蕴含;n.引起;需要;继承; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; engages:从事; expressive:adj.表现的;有表现力的;表达…的; gyrating:vi.旋转;adj.旋涡状的; mild:adj.温和的; n.(英国的一种)淡味麦芽啤酒; sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的;
only to discover that, in fact, they are not alone, that there is a person watching and lurking , the discovery of which causes them to immediately cease what they were doing in horror . 当这个人发现 其实有人埋伏在看时 他会立刻停止在做的事情 非常惊恐
lurking:v.潜伏;潜藏;(lurk的现在分词) cease:v.(正式)停止;结束;中断;平息;n.(正式)不停地;不间断地;连续地; horror:n.恐惧;厌恶;震惊;对某事物的强烈畏惧(或憎恨);
The sense of shame and humiliation in their face is palpable . 很明显,他感到非常丢脸
humiliation:n.丢脸,耻辱;蒙羞;谦卑; palpable:adj.明显的;可感知的;易觉察的;
It's the sense of, "This is something I'm willing to do only if no one else is watching." 这种感觉是 一些事我可以做 但不能让人看到
This is the crux of the work on which I have been singularly focused for the last 16 months, the question of why privacy matters, a question that has arisen in the context of a global debate , enabled by the revelations of Edward Snowden that the United States and its partners, unbeknownst to the entire world, has converted the Internet, once heralded as an unprecedented tool of liberation and democratization , into an unprecedented zone of mass , indiscriminate surveillance . 这正是我在 最近16个月内 所专心研究的内容 为什么隐私这么重要 一个引起世界辩论的话题 它由爱德华·斯诺登的揭密而引起 他揭露美国和其同盟 瞒着整个世界 把互联网 这个曾经预示着民主和 自由的前所未有的工具 转变成前所未有的 用来肆意监视的空间
crux:n.关键;难题;十字架形,坩埚; singularly:adv.异常地;非常地;令人无法理解地; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处; arisen:v.出现;发生;兴起;(人早上)起来;(arisen是arise的过去分词) context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) revelations:n.被暴露的真相;披露;揭露;(revelation的复数) Snowden:n.斯诺登(姓氏); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) unbeknownst:adv.不知地;adj.不知的; converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的;v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式); heralded:n.先驱;传令官;报信者;vt.通报;预示…的来临; unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; liberation:n.释放,解放; democratization:n.民主化; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; indiscriminate:adj.任意的;无差别的;不分皂白的; surveillance:n.监督;监视;
There is a very common sentiment that arises in this debate, even among people who are uncomfortable with mass surveillance, which says that there is no real harm that comes from this large-scale invasion because only people who are engaged in bad acts have a reason to want to hide and to care about their privacy. 在这场辩论中 有一个普遍的论点 甚至包括那些 厌恶受到大量监视的人 认为这种大范围的侵入 并没有实质的伤害 因为只有做坏事的人 才想隐藏 才关心他们的隐私
sentiment:n.感情,情绪;情操;观点;多愁善感; arises:v.出现;发生;站立; large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的; invasion:n.武装入侵;侵略;侵犯;涌入;干预; engaged in:从事于;忙于;
This worldview is implicitly grounded in the proposition that there are two kinds of people in the world, good people and bad people. 这种世界观暗含着一个议题: 这个世界上有两种人 好人和坏人
worldview:n.世界观; implicitly:adv.含蓄地;暗中地; proposition:n.提议;待处理的问题;任务;(美国)法律修正议案;见解;命题;v.向...提议;
Bad people are those who plot terrorist attacks or who engage in violent criminality and therefore have reasons to want to hide what they're doing, have reasons to care about their privacy. 坏人是那些图谋恐怖袭击或者参与暴力犯罪的人 所以他们想要隐藏他们做的事情 想要保护他们的隐私
plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表); violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; criminality:n.有罪,犯罪;犯罪行为;
But by contrast , good people are people who go to work, come home, raise their children, watch television. 相反的 好人是那些每天工作 回家,带孩子,看电视的人
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比;
They use the Internet not to plot bombing attacks but to read the news or exchange recipes or to plan their kids' Little League games, and those people are doing nothing wrong and therefore have nothing to hide and no reason to fear the government monitoring them. 他们用互联网不是为了策划炸弹袭击 而是为了看新闻,交流食谱, 或者计划孩子的少年棒球比赛的 这些人没做任何坏事 所以没有什么好隐藏的 也没有理由害怕政府监视他们
exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换; recipes:n.烹饪法;食谱;方法;秘诀;诀窍;(recipe的复数) Little League:n.少年棒球联盟;
The people who are actually saying that are engaged in a very extreme act of self-deprecation . 说这些话的人 其实是在极大的自我贬低
extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; self-deprecation:n.自嘲;自我贬低;过分谦虚;
What they're really saying is, "I have agreed to make myself such a harmless and unthreatening and uninteresting person that I actually don't fear having the government know what it is that I'm doing." 他们其实是在说 我决定让我自己成为 一个没有伤害没有威胁 又无趣的人 这样我就不会害怕政府知道我在做什么
unthreatening:不威胁的; uninteresting:adj.无趣味的,乏味的;令人厌倦的;
This mindset has found what I think is its purest expression in a 2009 interview with the longtime CEO of Google , Eric Schmidt, who, when asked about all the different ways his company is causing invasions of privacy 我发现这种心态 和2009年谷歌CEO艾瑞克 施密特接受采访时 回答关于 他的公司以各种方式
mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态; expression:n.表现,表示,表达; interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈; longtime:adj.长时间的;为时甚久的;adv.长久地; Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; invasions:n.武装入侵;侵略;侵犯;涌入;干预;(invasion的复数)
for hundreds of millions of people around the world, said this: He said, "If you're doing something that you don't want other people to know, maybe you shouldn't be doing it in the first place ." 侵犯全世界几亿人的隐私的问题时 所做出的纯粹的表达是一样的: 如果你在做的事情是你不希望让别人知道的 那么或许你首先就不应该做这件事
in the first place:首先;起初;
Now, there's all kinds of things to say about that mentality , the first of which is that the people who say that, who say that privacy isn't really important, they don't actually believe it, 现在,对于这种观念有各种各样的说法 第一种说法是认为 那些说隐私并不重要的人 其实并不真的相信隐私不重要
mentality:n.心态;[心理]智力;精神力;头脑作用;
and the way you know that they don't actually believe it is that while they say with their words that privacy doesn't matter, with their actions, they take all kinds of steps to safeguard their privacy. 怎样发现他们并不相信呢 在他们说隐私并不重要的同时 他们却在想方设法 保卫他们的隐私
safeguard:n.[安全]保护;保卫;保护措施;vt.[安全]保护,护卫;
They put passwords on their email and their social media accounts, they put locks on their bedroom and bathroom doors, all steps designed to prevent other people 他们给邮件设上密码 还有社交网络账号 他们给房门和厕所门上锁 通过各种方法防止他人
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
from entering what they consider their private realm and knowing what it is that they don't want other people to know. 进入他们的私人领域 他们其实心里很清楚他们不想让别人知道一切
realm:n.领域,范围;王国;
The very same Eric Schmidt, the CEO of Google, ordered his employees at Google to cease speaking with the online Internet magazine CNET after CNET published an article 同样的,谷歌CEO艾瑞克 施密特 命令他在谷歌的员工 停止一切与网络杂志CNET（科技资讯网）的交流 因为CNET发表了一篇文章
full of personal , private information about Eric Schmidt, which it obtained exclusively through Google searches and using other Google products. (Laughter) 透露了大量的艾瑞克 施密特的个人信息 这些信息其实是完全通过谷歌搜索 和其他谷歌产品获得的（笑声）
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; obtained:v.获得(obtain的过去分词); exclusively:adv.唯一地;专有地;排外地;
This same division can be seen with the CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, who in an infamous interview in 2010 pronounced that privacy is no longer a "social norm ." 相同的情况也 发生在Facebook的CEO马克 扎克伯格身上 他在2010年那个名声狼藉的采访上 断言隐私已经不再是一个“社会规范”
division:n.师;分配;分开;分歧; infamous:adj.声名狼藉的;无耻的;邪恶的;不名誉的; norm:n.规范;标准;定额;常态;v.规范;规定;
Last year, Mark Zuckerberg and his new wife purchased not only their own house but also all four adjacent houses in Palo Alto for a total of 30 million dollars 去年,马克 扎克伯格和他的新任妻子 在帕洛阿尔托（美国旧金山附近城市）购买了他们的新房子, 以及附近相邻的其他四所房子 总值三千万美元
purchased:v.买;购买;采购;(purchase的过去式和过去分词) adjacent:adj.邻近的,毗连的; Alto:n.女低音;男声最高音;中音乐器;adj.中音部的;
in order to ensure that they enjoyed a zone of privacy that prevented other people from monitoring what they do in their personal lives. 为了确保他们享有足够的私人空间 防止人们监视他们的私人生活
ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
Over the last 16 months, as I've debated this issue around the world, every single time somebody has said to me, "I don't really worry about invasions of privacy because I don't have anything to hide." 在过去的十六个月里,我一直在世界各地游说这个问题 每当有人跟我说: ”我真的不担心隐私受到侵犯, 因为我没有什么需要隐藏的。”
debated:v.讨论,辩论;思考;盘算;(debate的过去分词和过去式) issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
I always say the same thing to them. 我总是对他们回答一样的话
I get out a pen, I write down my email address. 我拿出一支笔,写下我的邮箱地址
I say, "Here's my email address. 我说:”这是我的邮箱,
What I want you to do when you get home is email me the passwords to all of your email accounts, not just the nice, respectable work one in your name, but all of them, because I want to be able to just troll through what it is you're doing online, read what I want to read and publish whatever I find interesting. 我希望回家之后把 你所有邮箱账号的密码发给我, 不仅仅是你工作上用的那些一本正经的邮箱 我要所有的 因为我就是想翻遍 所有你的网上记录 翻看到人和有趣的内容然后发表出来
respectable:adj.值得尊敬的;人格高尚的;相当数量的;n.可敬的人; troll:n.山精,巨怪;v.曳绳钓(鱼);拖钓;搜查; publish:v.出版;发表;公布;
After all, if you're not a bad person, if you're doing nothing wrong, you should have nothing to hide." 毕竟你不是个坏人 你没做错事情 你就没什么好隐藏的
Not a single person has taken me up on that offer. 没有任何一个人接受我的提议
I check and — (Applause) 我查过（掌声）
I check that email account religiously all the time. 我一直在虔诚的查看那个邮箱
religiously:adv.虔诚地,笃信地;
It's a very desolate place. 那里一直很荒凉
desolate:adj.荒凉的;无人烟的;vt.使荒凉;使孤寂;
And there's a reason for that, which is that we as human beings, even those of us who in words disclaim the importance of our own privacy, instinctively understand the profound importance of it. 这是有原因的 因为我们作为人类 即使一些人嘴上 否认隐私的重要性 但他们心里很清楚 它极大的重要性
disclaim:vt.否认,拒绝;放弃,弃权;拒绝承认;vi.否认;放弃;弃权; instinctively:adv.本能地; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
It is true that as human beings, we're social animals, which means we have a need for other people to know what we're doing and saying and thinking, which is why we voluntarily publish information about ourselves online. 作为人类,我们是社会性动物 这意味着我们需要其他人 来帮助我们知道我们在做什么,说什么,想什么 这也是为什么我们自愿的在网上发布自己的信息
voluntarily:adv.自动地;以自由意志;
But equally essential to what it means to be a free and fulfilled human being is to have a place that we can go and be free of the judgmental eyes of other people. 但是和成为一个 自由的、完整的人类同等重要的是 我们需要有一个地方 完全远离其他人批判的目光
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; fulfilled:adj.感到满足的; v.实现; (fulfill的过去式和过去分词) judgmental:adj.审判的;
There's a reason why we seek that out, and our reason is that all of us — not just terrorists and criminals, all of us — have things to hide. 为什么我们要找到这样一个地方 原因是我们所有人 －并非只有那些恐怖分子者和罪犯,而是我们所有人－ 都有想要隐藏的东西
seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求;
There are all sorts of things that we do and think that we're willing to tell our physician or our lawyer or our psychologist or our spouse or our best friend that we would be mortified for the rest of the world to learn. 我们做的、想的各种各样的事情 我们有只愿意告诉自己的医生, 或者律师,或者心理医生,或者配偶, 或者好朋友的事情, 如果让全世界都知道就会很囧的事情
physician:n.[医]医师;内科医师; psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; spouse:n.配偶;vt.和…结婚; mortified:adj.感到屈辱的;惭愧的;v.使难堪;使羞愧;(mortify的过去分词和过去式)
We make judgments every single day about the kinds of things that we say and think and do that we're willing to have other people know, and the kinds of things that we say and think and do that we don't want anyone else to know about. 我们每天都会判断 某些我们说的、想的、做的某些事情 我们愿意让别人知道 还有某些我们说的、想的、做的某些事情 我们不愿意让别人知道
judgments:判断;
People can very easily in words claim that they don't value their privacy, but their actions negate the authenticity of that belief. 人们可以很轻易地说 他们不在乎他们的隐私 但他们的行为却在否定他们想法的真实性
negate:vt.否定;取消;使无效;vi.否定;否认;无效;n.对立面;反面; authenticity:n.真实性,确实性;可靠性;
Now, there's a reason why privacy is so craved universally and instinctively. 这有一个原因为什么隐私如此被渴望 普遍地而且本能地
craved:vt.渴望;恳求;vi.渴望;恳求; universally:adv.普遍地;人人;到处;
It isn't just a reflexive movement like breathing air or drinking water . 这不仅仅是个反射性动作 像呼吸和喝水那样
reflexive:n.反身代词;反身动词;adj.反身的;[物]反射的; drinking water:n.饮用水;
The reason is that when we're in a state where we can be monitored, where we can be watched, our behavior changes dramatically . 原因是当在我们的国家里 我们被监视着,被看着的时候 我们的行为会有巨大的不同
dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
The range of behavioral options that we consider when we think we're being watched severely reduce. 我们对于自己行为的选择范围 在我们被观察者的时候 会严重缩小
behavioral:adj.行为的; options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) severely:adv.严重地;严格地,严厉地;纯朴地;
This is just a fact of human nature that has been recognized in social science and in literature and in religion and in virtually every field of discipline . 这就是人类的本性 被社会科学所认识 还有文学、宗教 以及几乎所有学科领域
human nature:n.人性; recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) social science:n.社会科学;社会科学学科; literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作; virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; discipline:n.纪律;训练;自制力;风纪;v.训练;管教;惩罚;处罚;
There are dozens of psychological studies that prove that when somebody knows that they might be watched, the behavior they engage in is vastly more conformist and compliant . 很多心理学研究证明 当一个人知道他可能在被看着 他的行为会尤其地顺从
psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; vastly:adv.极大地;广大地;深远地; conformist:n.英国国教徒;遵奉者; compliant:adj.顺从的;服从的;应允的;
Human shame is a very powerful motivator , as is the desire to avoid it, and that's the reason why people, when they're in a state of being watched, make decisions not that are the byproduct of their own agency but that are about the expectations that others have of them or the mandates of societal orthodoxy . 人的羞耻心是一个强大的动力 也是一个想要避开它的欲望 这就是为什么 人们在被看着的情况下所做的决定 并非他们自己机体的副产品 而是别人或者社会正统所强加 在他们身上的期望
motivator:n.动力;激励因素; byproduct:n.副产品; agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; expectations:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;(expectation的复数) mandates:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; societal:adj.社会的; orthodoxy:n.正统;正教;正统说法;
This realization was exploited most powerfully for pragmatic ends by the 18th- century philosopher Jeremy Bentham , who set out to resolve an important problem ushered in by the industrial age, where, for the first time, institutions had become so large and centralized that they were no longer able to monitor 对于这件事的认识 被结束在十八世纪的实用主义哲学家杰里米 边沁所大为利用 他解决了工业时期 出现的一个很重要的问题: 随着组织体系的开始 增大和权力的不断集中, 人们开始无法进行监控
realization:n.实现;领悟; exploited:v.剥削;压榨;运用;利用;发挥(exploit的过去分词和过去式) powerfully:adv.强大地;强烈地;非常; pragmatic:adj.实际的;实用主义的;国事的; philosopher:n.哲学家;深思的人;善于思考的人; Bentham:n.边沁(英国哲学家); resolve:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决; ushered:n.引座员,带位员; vt.引导,招待; vi.作招待员; industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) centralized:adj.集中的;中央集权的;v.集中(centralize的过去分词);
and therefore control each one of their individual members, and the solution that he devised was an architectural design originally intended to be implemented in prisons that he called the panopticon , 也无法控制到每一个组织成员 边沁的解决方案是 一个建筑学设计 本来是为了加强监狱的 他称之为全景监狱
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; devised:v.设计(devise的过去式和过去分词);计划;发明; architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的; originally:adv.原来;起初; intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式) implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词) panopticon:n.圆形监狱;
the primary attribute of which was the construction of an enormous tower in the center of the institution where whoever controlled the institution could at any moment watch any of the inmates , although they couldn't watch all of them at all times. 其主要特征是将一个巨大的塔 建立在组织机构的中间 也就是统治者所在的地方 这样统治者就可以随时看到其中的居民 虽然他不能一直看着所有的人
attribute:n.属性;象征;v.把…归因于;认为…属于;认为某人(某物)具有某种特性; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; whoever:任何人:无论是谁: inmates:n.被收容者;居民(inmate的名词复数);
And crucial to this design was that the inmates could not actually see into the panopticon, into the tower, and so they never knew if they were being watched or even when. 这个设计的关键处在于 系统内的居民无法 看到塔的内部 所以他们永远不知道 自己是否或者什么时候是在被监视着的
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的;
And what made him so excited about this discovery was that that would mean that the prisoners would have to assume that they were being watched at any given moment, which would be the ultimate enforcer for obedience and compliance . 这也是这个设计让边沁兴奋的原因 因为这意味着 囚犯们会假定他们随时随地是 被监视着的 这种假定成为了 顺从和服从的终极实施者
assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; ultimate:adj.最终的;极限的;根本的;n.终极;根本;基本原则; enforcer:n.实施者;强制执行者; obedience:n.顺从;服从;遵守; compliance:n.顺从,服从;承诺;
The 20th-century French philosopher Michel Foucault realized that that model could be used not just for prisons but for every institution that seeks to control human behavior: schools, hospitals, factories, workplaces . 二十世纪法国哲学家米歇尔 福柯 意识到这个模型不仅可以用于监狱 它可以用于任何控制人类行为的机构: 学校、医院、工厂、工作场所
seeks:v.寻求;寻找;探索;搜索; workplaces:n.[管理]工作场所(workplace的复数);
And what he said was that this mindset, this framework discovered by Bentham, was the key means of societal control for modern, Western societies, which no longer need the overt weapons of tyranny — punishing or imprisoning or killing dissidents , 而且他说这种思维模式 本沁发明的这种结构 是现代西方社会进行社会控制的主要手段 让社会不再需要公然的 使用暴政的武器 －惩罚,或者投送监狱,或者处死异议者,
overt:adj.明显的;公然的;蓄意的; tyranny:n.暴政;专横;严酷;残暴的行为(需用复数); imprisoning:vt.监禁;关押;使…下狱; dissidents:公开大唱反调者;持异议者;持不同政见者;
or legally compelling loyalty to a particular party — because mass surveillance creates a prison in the mind that is a much more subtle though much more effective means of fostering compliance with social norms or with social orthodoxy, much more effective than brute force could ever be. 或者合法地强迫一个政党对其忠诚－ 因为大量的监视 会在人脑中形成一个囚犯 一个更加细微的 但更加有效的 力量让人服从社会规范 或者社会正统 这是暴力手段远不能及的
compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词) loyalty:n.忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情; subtle:adj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; fostering:v.促进;助长;培养;鼓励;抚育;(foster的现在分词) norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式); brute:adj.残忍的;无理性的;n.畜生;残暴的人;
The most iconic work of literature about surveillance and privacy is the George Orwell novel "1984," 关于监视和隐私,最形象的文学表达是 乔治 奥威尔的小说《1984》
iconic:adj.图标的,形象的; novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说;
which we all learn in school, and therefore it's almost become a cliche . 我们在学校都学过,它都快成了陈词滥调了
cliche:n.陈词滥调;[印刷]铅版;陈腐思想;adj.陈腐的;
In fact, whenever you bring it up in a debate about surveillance, people instantaneously dismiss it as inapplicable , and what they say is, "Oh, well in '1984,' there were monitors in people's homes, they were being watched at every given moment, and that has nothing to do with the surveillance state that we face." 事实上,在关于监视的讨论中不论什么时候提到本书 人们都立即忽略它, 认为它行不通,他们说: “在《1984》里人们家里都是监视器, 他们无时无刻不被看着, 这和我们所面对的国家监控是不一样的.”
instantaneously:adv.即刻;突如其来地; dismiss:v.不予考虑;摒弃;消除;解雇; inapplicable:adj.不适用的;不相干的;
That is an actual fundamental misapprehension of the warnings that Orwell issued in "1984." 这其实是对奥威尔在《1984》里提出的 警告从根本上的误解
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; misapprehension:n.误解;误会; issued:v.宣布;公布;发出;将…诉诸法律;(issue的过去分词和过去式)
The warning that he was issuing was about a surveillance state not that monitored everybody at all times, but where people were aware that they could be monitored at any given moment. 他所发出的警告 其实不是关于 国家随时随地在监视人们 而是人们在任何时候 都知道他们是被监视着的
issuing:n.发行物;争论点;期刊号;v.发行(issue的ing形式);分配;流出;
Here is how Orwell's narrator , Winston Smith, described the surveillance system that they faced: "There was, of course, no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment." 这是温斯顿 史密斯,奥威尔小所里的叙述者, 所描述的他们面对的监控系统: “当然,你不可能 任何时刻都知道你在被监视。”
narrator:n.讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员;旁白员; described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
He went on to say, " At any rate , they could plug in your wire whenever they wanted to. 他接着说: “无论如何,他们随时可以给你插上电线。
At any rate:无论如何,至少; plug:n.插头;塞子;栓;v.塞住;用插头将与电源接通;
You had to live, did live, from habit that became instinct, in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard and except in darkness every movement scrutinized ." 你必须,也确实活 在一个渐渐变成本能的习惯里, 习惯去假定你发出的任何声音都会被听到 除了在黑暗中被仔细审查的时候。”
assumption:n.假定;设想;担任;采取; overheard:v.无意中听到;偷听;(overhear的过去分词) scrutinized:v.仔细查看;认真检查;细致审查;(scrutinize的过去分词和过去式)
The Abrahamic religions similarly posit that there's an invisible , all-knowing authority who, because of its omniscience , always watches whatever you're doing, which means you never have a private moment, the ultimate enforcer for obedience to its dictates . 亚伯拉罕诸教也有类似的设定 有一个无形的、无所不知的权威 因为它的全知 它总是在看你在做什么 意思就是你从来没有一刻是私有的 也就是让你服从 它的命令的最终执行者
similarly:adv.同样地;类似于; invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; all-knowing:adj.(英)全知的; authority:n.权威;权力;当局; omniscience:n.全知;上帝;全知者;无限的知识; dictates:v.口述;指使;支配;摆布;决定;n.命令;规定;(dictate的第三人称单数和复数)
What all of these seemingly disparate works recognize, the conclusion that they all reach, is that a society in which people can be monitored at all times 这些看似不同的手段 其实都归于相同的结论 一个永远在监视人们的社会
seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来; disparate:adj.不同的;不相干的;全异的;n.无法相比的东西; conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论;
is a society that breeds conformity and obedience and submission , which is why every tyrant , the most overt to the most subtle, craves that system. 是在培养一致、顺从、和屈服 这也是为什么每一个暴君 从公然施暴的到暗中控制的 都渴望这种制度
breeds:n.[生物]品种; v.繁殖; conformity:n.一致,适合;符合;相似; submission:n.投降;提交(物);服从;(向法官提出的)意见;谦恭; tyrant:n.暴君; craves:v.渴望;热望;恳求;请求;(crave的第三人称单数)
Conversely , even more importantly, it is a realm of privacy, the ability to go somewhere where we can think and reason and interact and speak without the judgmental eyes of others being cast upon us, 相反的,而且更重要的是 在这样一个私人的空间里, 我们在里面可以思考, 辩论,互动,和交谈 远离别人投来的批判的目光
Conversely:adv.相反地; interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
in which creativity and exploration and dissent exclusively reside , and that is the reason why, when we allow a society to exist in which we're subject to constant monitoring, we allow the essence of human freedom to be severely crippled . 只有创新、探索和异议可以存在 这就是为什么 我们允许这样一个, 让我们受到持续监控的社会存在 允许人类自由的本质惨遭残疾
exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术; dissent:vi.不同意;不信奉国教;n.异议;(大写)不信奉国教; reside:vi.住,居住;属于; essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精; crippled:v.使残废;使跛;使成瘸子;严重毁坏(或损害)(cripple的过去分词和过去式)
The last point I want to observe about this mindset, the idea that only people who are doing something wrong have things to hide and therefore reasons to care about privacy, 我想说的最后一点是 这种认为只有做了错事的人 才想隐藏,才关心隐私的思维模式
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视;
is that it entrenches two very destructive messages, two destructive lessons, the first of which is that the only people who care about privacy, the only people who will seek out privacy, are by definition bad people. 它确立了两个非常有害的信息 两个破坏性的训诫 第一个是 只有那些关心隐私的人 只有那些想得到隐私的人 被定义为坏人
entrenches:vt.确立,牢固;用壕沟围住;挖掘;vi.侵犯;挖掘壕沟; destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的; definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
This is a conclusion that we should have all kinds of reasons for avoiding, the most important of which is that when you say, "somebody who is doing bad things," 这是一个我们应该用 各种理由避免的结论 这其中最重要的是 当你说“那个人在做坏事”时
you probably mean things like plotting a terrorist attack or engaging in violent criminality, a much narrower conception of what people who wield power mean when they say, "doing bad things." 你可能是指谋划恐怖袭击 或参与暴力犯罪之类的事 这个概念比行使权力的人 所指的“做坏事”要狭窄的多
plotting:v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表);(plot的现在分词) engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) conception:n.怀孕;概念;设想;开始; wield:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等);
For them, "doing bad things" typically means doing something that poses meaningful challenges to the exercise of our own power. 对他们来说,“做坏事”基本上意思是 做对自己的权利形成一定挑战的事
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; poses:姿势; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的;
The other really destructive and, I think, even more insidious lesson that comes from accepting this mindset is there's an implicit bargain that people who accept this mindset have accepted, and that bargain is this: 另一个破坏性的 而且我认为更加阴险的训诫 来自于接受这种思维模式 这其中暗含一个交易 接受这种思维模式的人同时也接受这个交易 这个交易就是:
insidious:adj.阴险的;隐伏的;暗中为害的;狡猾的; bargain:n.交易;便宜货;契约;v.讨价还价;议价;(谈价钱后)卖;
If you're willing to render yourself sufficiently harmless,sufficiently unthreatening to those who wield political power, then and only then can you be free of the dangers of surveillance. 只要你愿意让自己 对那些行使政治权利的人 毫无伤害、毫无威胁 那么,也只有这样, 你才就能够远离被监视的危险
render:v.提供;给予;提交;翻译;n.粉刷;[建](墙壁的)初涂;抹灰;精制油; sufficiently:adv.充分地;足够地;
It's only those who are dissidents, who challenge power, who have something to worry about. 只有那些唱反调的 挑战权力的人 有需要担心的事情
There are all kinds of reasons why we should want to avoid that lesson as well. 我们同样有各种各样的理由拒绝这个训诫
You may be a person who, right now, doesn't want to engage in that behavior, but at some point in the future you might. 你也许此时此刻 不想参与到那些行为之中 但也许将来什么时候你就会了
Even if you're somebody who decides that you never want to, the fact that there are other people who are willing to and able to resist and be adversarial to those in power — dissidents and journalists and activists and a whole range of others — is something that brings us all collective good that we should want to preserve . 就算你决定 你永远不会 也会有其他人 想要也能够反抗 和敌对那些权力之中的人 比如政见不同的人,记者, 积极分子,还有其他很多人 这是会给我们带来集体的好处的 是我们所想要保护的
resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂; adversarial:adj.对抗的;对手的,敌手的; journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数); collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品;
Equally critical is that the measure of how free a society is is not how it treats its good, obedient , compliant citizens, but how it treats its dissidents and those who resist orthodoxy. 平等的批判是衡量 一个社会自由程度的标尺 不是看这个社会怎样 对待好的、顺从它的公民 而是看它如何对待政见不同的人 以及那些反抗正统的人
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; treats:v.以…态度对待; n.乐事; obedient:adj.顺从的,服从的;孝顺的;
But the most important reason is that a system of mass surveillance suppresses our own freedom in all sorts of ways. 但是最重要的原因是 一个大量监视的制度 会以各种方式压制我们的自由
suppresses:抑制;封锁;压制;
It renders off-limits all kinds of behavioral choices without our even knowing that it's happened. 它使我们的 公众行为选择受到限制 而且我们对此甚至全然不知
renders:n.渲染; v.提出; off-limits:adj.禁止进入的,禁区的;
The renowned socialist activist Rosa Luxemburg once said, "He who does not move does not notice his chains." 着名社会主义积极分子罗莎 卢森堡 曾经说过:“如果你不动, 你是不会发现身上的锁链的。”
renowned:adj.著名的;闻名的;有名的;受尊敬的 socialist:n.社会主义者;社会党党员;adj.社会主义的;社会党的; activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子;
We can try and render the chains of mass surveillance invisible or undetectable , but the constraints that it imposes on us do not become any less potent . 我们可以试着粉饰这些大量的、 无形的监视的锁链 但它对我们施加的限制不会有任何减少
undetectable:adj.发现不了的;无法觉察的; constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式); imposes:强加于;征收(impose的第三人称单数); potent:adj.有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的;
Thank you very much. 非常感谢
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. （掌声）
(Applause)
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）
Bruno Giussani: Glenn, thank you.
The case is rather convincing , I have to say, but I want to bring you back to the last 16 months and to Edward Snowden for a few questions, if you don't mind. 我必须说你的演讲十分有说服力 但是我想回到十六个月前 关于爱德华斯诺登我有几个问题 如果你不介意的话
convincing:adj.令人信服的; v.使确信; (convince的现在分词)
The first one is personal to you. 第一个问题对你来说比较私人
We have all read about the arrest of your partner, 我们都看到了你的同伴大卫米兰达在伦敦被捕的消息,
David Miranda in London, and other difficulties, but I assume that in terms of personal engagement and risk, that the pressure on you is not that easy to take on the biggest sovereign organizations in the world. 以及他受到的磨难 但是我认为 就个人参与和风险来说 你身上的压力也不轻 承担着世界上最大的独立主权组织
Miranda:[美国法律]米兰达原则; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; sovereign:adj.至高无上的; n.君主; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
Tell us a little bit about that. 给我们介绍一下吧
Glenn Greenwald: You know, I think one of the things that happens is that people's courage in this regard gets contagious , and so although I and the other journalists with whom I was working were certainly aware of the risk — 格林沃德:你知道吗, 我认为人们对于这件事的勇气是会传染的 所以即使我以及其他和我一起工作的记者们 知道事情的危险性
contagious:adj.感染性的;会蔓延的;
the United States continues to be the most powerful country in the world and doesn't appreciate it when you disclose thousands of their secrets on the Internet at will — seeing somebody who is a 29-year-old 美国仍然是世界上最强大的国家 而且它不希望 你在网上任意泄露 他大量的机密 看着一个29岁的
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; disclose:vt.公开;揭露;
ordinary person who grew up in a very ordinary environment exercise the degree of principled courage that Edward Snowden risked, knowing that he was going to go to prison for the rest of his life or that his life would unravel , inspired me and inspired other journalists and inspired, I think, people around the world, including future whistleblowers , to realize that they can engage in that kind of behavior as well. 生长于普通家庭环境的普通人 用高度有原则的勇气承担着像爱德华 斯诺登所承担的这样的风险 明知道他的后半生会在监狱中度过 或者他的生活会就此结束 却激励着我,激励着其他的记者 激励着,我想,全世界的人 包括将来的告密者 让他们意识到他们一样可与参与进来
principled:adj.有原则的;有操守的; unravel:v.解开;解体;阐释;说明;澄清;变得清楚易懂; inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) whistleblowers:告发者;检举者;
BG: I'm curious about your relationship with Ed Snowden, because you have spoken with him a lot, and you certainly continue doing so, but in your book, you never call him Edward, nor Ed, you say "Snowden." How come? 朱萨尼:我很好奇你和爱德 斯诺登的关系 因为你多次提到他 而且你肯定会继续说到他 但是在你的书里,你不会叫他“爱德华” 或者爱德,你叫他“斯诺登”,为什么？
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
GG: You know, I'm sure that's something for a team of psychologists to examine. (Laughter) 格林沃德:你知道吗, 我确定这是心理学家们要研究的事情（笑声）
psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式);
I don't really know. The reason I think that, one of the important objectives that he actually had, one of his, I think, most important tactics , was that he knew that one of the ways 我不是很确定。我觉得原因是 他的一个很重要的目的 一个,我想,最重要的策略是 他知道如果要从他的启示录
objectives:n.目的(objective的复数形式);目标;宗旨; tactics:n.战术:策略:手段:兵法(tactic的复数)
to distract attention from the substance of the revelations would be to try and personalize the focus on him, and for that reason, he stayed out of the media. 本身转移注意力 就是将注意力集中在他自己身上 因此他一直远离媒体
distract:v.转移(注意力);分散(思想);使分心; substance:n.物质;实质;主旨;物品; personalize:v.在…上标明主人姓名;为个人特制(或专设);个人化;
He tried not to ever have his personal life subject to examination, and so I think calling him Snowden is a way of just identifying him as this important historical actor rather than trying to personalize him in a way that might distract attention from the substance. 他努力不让任何他的个人生活收到查问 所以我觉得叫他斯诺登 是一种视他为一个重要的历史人物 而不是将他个人化 从而导致分散对事件本身的注意力
identifying:n.识别,标识;标识关系;v.识别;(identify的现在分词) historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的;
Moderator : So his revelations, your analysis , the work of other journalists, have really developed the debate, and many governments, for example, have reacted , including in Brazil , with projects and programs to reshape a little bit the design of the Internet, etc. 朱萨尼:所以他的启示录,你的分析, 以及其他记者的文章 已经发起一个辩论 而且很多政府,比如,已经做出回应 包括巴西,提出项目和方案 对互联网的设计做出一点修改,等等
Moderator:n.[核]慢化剂;仲裁人;调解人;缓和剂; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; reacted:v.起反应; (react的过去分词和过去式) Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); reshape:vt.改造;再成形;
There are a lot of things going on in that sense. 这样说来很多事情都在进行中
But I'm wondering, for you personally , what is the endgame ? 我在想,对你个人来说 什么才是最后的终结？
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; endgame:n.最后阶段;尾声;
At what point will you think, well, actually, we've succeeded in moving the dial? 怎么样才可以说 我们成功地转动了装盘？
GG: Well, I mean, the endgame for me as a journalist is very simple, which is to make sure that every single document that's newsworthy and that ought to be disclosed ends up being disclosed, and that secrets that should never have been kept in the first place end up uncovered . 格林沃德:我想终结对于我,一个记者来说,很简单 就是确保每条新闻有报道价值 应该公开的信息得到公开 不应该成为秘密的秘密最终被揭开
newsworthy:adj.有报导价值的; disclosed:v.揭露;泄露;使显露;使暴露;(disclose的过去式和过去分词) uncovered:adj.裸露的; v.揭开盖子; (uncover的过去式和过去分词)
To me, that's the essence of journalism and that's what I'm committed to doing. 对我来说这就是记者的本质 也是我致力于做的事情
journalism:n.新闻业,新闻工作;报章杂志; committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式)
As somebody who finds mass surveillance odious for all the reasons I just talked about and a lot more, 一些人很厌恶政府的监视 原因就像我之前讲到的那样,甚至更多
odious:adj.可憎的;讨厌的;
I mean, I look at this as work that will never end until governments around the world are no longer able to subject entire populations to monitoring and surveillance unless they convince some court or some entity that the person they've targeted has actually done something wrong. 我的意思是,我把这看作一份没有终结的工作 直到全世界的政府 不会再限制并且监视所有的人 除非他们可以说服法院或其他机构 去相信他们监视的对象 真的做了错事
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; entity:n.实体;存在;本质;
To me, that's the way that privacy can be rejuvenated . 在我看来,这样,隐私才能是鲜活的。
rejuvenated:adj.更生的; v.使恢复青春;
BG: So Snowden is very, as we've seen at TED, is very articulate in presenting and portraying himself as a defender of democratic values and democratic principles . 朱萨尼:所以斯诺登,在我们TED的讲台上看来, 是非常明确地表达自己的 民主观念和民主原则的
articulate:vt.清晰地发(音); vi.发音; adj.发音清晰的; portraying:v.描绘;描写;表现;扮演;(portray的现在分词) defender:n.防卫者,守卫者;辩护者;拥护者;卫冕者; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
But then, many people really find it difficult to believe that those are his only motivations . 但是后来,很多人不相信 这是他唯一的动力
motivations:n.动机(motivation的复数);表明动机;
They find it difficult to believe that there was no money involved , that he didn't sell some of those secrets, even to China and to Russia, which are clearly not the best friends of the United States right now. 他们不相信这之中 没有钱的掺入 他们不相信他没有把那些机密卖给其他国家 甚至包括中国和俄罗斯 这两个明显不是和美国的很友好的国家
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
And I'm sure many people in the room are wondering the same question. 而且我相信在坐的很多人 都有同样的疑问
Do you consider it possible there is that part of Snowden we've not seen yet? 你认不认为也许斯诺登的某一面 我们谁都没有见过
GG: No, I consider that absurd and idiotic . 格林沃德:不,我认为这太愚蠢而且荒唐了
absurd:adj.荒谬的;可笑的;n.荒诞;荒诞作品; idiotic:adj.白痴的;愚蠢的;
(Laughter) If you wanted to, and I know you're just playing devil's advocate, but if you wanted to sell secrets to another country, which he could have done and become extremely rich doing so, the last thing you would do is take those secrets （笑声）如果你想 我知道你只是在故意唱反调 但如果你真的想 把机密卖给别的国家 而且如果他真的卖了 那他不会想要把那些机密
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地;
and give them to journalists and ask journalists to publish them, because it makes those secrets worthless . 拿给记者来发表 因为这样做会让那些机密变得不值钱
worthless:adj.无价值的;不值钱的;卑微的;
People who want to enrich themselves do it secretly by selling secrets to the government, but I think there's one important point worth making, which is, that accusation comes from 想发财的人 会悄悄地把机密卖给政府 但是有一点值得提的是 那些指责来自美国政府
enrich:v.充实;使丰富;使富有;使富裕; accusation:n.控告,指控;谴责;
people in the U.S. government,from people in the media who are loyalists to these various governments, and I think a lot of times when people make accusations like that about other people — "Oh, he can't really be doing this for principled reasons, he must have some corrupt , nefarious reason" — they're saying a lot more about themselves than they are the target of their accusations, those people, the ones who make that accusation, they themselves never act for any reason other than corrupt reasons, so they assume that everybody else is plagued by the same disease of soullessness as they are, and so that's t he assu mption. 来自媒体里拥护各个政府的人 而且我认为很多时候人们指责别人: 他这样做肯定不是 出于正当原因 他肯定有什么腐败或者不法的意图 他们其实更多的是在说他们自己 而不是他们指责的对象 那些做出这些指责的人 他们自己才 只会出于腐败的原因做一些事情 所以他们才会假设 所有人和他们一样 都受卑鄙无情这种疾病困扰 这就是他们的设想
loyalists:n.拥护者;效忠派;保皇派(loyalist的复数); accusations:n.控告;起诉;告发;谴责;(accusation的复数) corrupt:v.损坏;破坏;使腐化;使堕落;adj.贪污的;受贿的;腐败的;营私舞弊的; nefarious:adj.邪恶的;穷凶极恶的;不法的;
(Applause) （掌声）
BG: Glenn, thank you very much. GG: Thank you very much. 朱萨尼:格伦,非常感谢
BG: Glenn Greenwald. 朱萨尼:格伦 格林沃德
(Applause)