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GiorgiaLupi_2017S-_在数据中找到自己_
This is what my last week looked like. 我上周的生活长这样。
What I did, who I was with, the main sensations I had for every waking hour ... 我做了什么、 和谁在一起、 清醒时,每个小时的感受......
sensations:n.感觉;轰动;感动;
If the feeling came as I thought of my dad who recently passed away, or if I could have just definitely avoided the worries and anxieties. 是否我思念起了 刚过世的父亲。 或有些无法避免的烦恼和焦虑。
recently:adv.最近;新近; definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
And if you think I'm a little obsessive , you're probably right. 若你觉得我有点走火入魔, 你可能是对的。
obsessive:adj.强迫性的;着迷的;分神的;
But clearly, from this visualization , you can learn much more about me than from this other one, which are images you're probably more familiar with and which you possibly even have on your phone right now. 但显然这些视觉化的图表, 比起其它方式,让你更了解我, 像是一些大家都很熟悉的图表, 可能你手机里现在就有了。
visualization:n.形象化;清楚地呈现在心; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
Bar charts for the steps you walked, pie charts for the quality of your sleep — the path of your morning runs. 比如记录走路步数的长条图、 表示睡眠品质的圆饼图、 晨跑的路径图......
In my day job, I work with data. 我的工作就是与数据打交道。
I run a data visualization design company, and we design and develop ways to make information accessible through visual representations . 我有一间数据视觉化设计公司, 负责设计和开发 视觉化呈现资讯的方式。
accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; representations:代表;表现(representation的复数);
What my job has taught me over the years is that to really understand data and their true potential , sometimes we actually have to forget about them and see through them instead. 过去几年的工作经验告诉我, 想要真正了解数据和它的潜力, 有时不能只看表象, 而是要深入核心。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; see through:adj.透明的;穿透的;
Because data are always just a tool we use to represent reality. 因为数据只是表达现实的工具。
They're always used as a placeholder for something else, but they are never the real thing. 它们只是一些代码, 不是实际的状况。
placeholder:n.占位符;
But let me step back for a moment to when I first understood this personally . 让我退一步说明, 回到我第一次有所体会的那年。
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言;
In 1994, I was 13 years old. 1994 年,我 13 岁,
I was a teenager in Italy. 一名生活在义大利的年轻人。
I was too young to be interested in politics , but I knew that a businessman, 当时还小,对政治没兴趣, 但我知道有个商人,
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
Silvio Berlusconi, was running for president for the moderate right. 叫做贝鲁斯柯尼, 当时正代表右翼温和派竞选总统。
moderate:v.缓和; adj.适度的; n.持温和观点者(尤指政见);
We lived in a very liberal town, and my father was a politician for the Democratic Party . 我住的地方是左派重镇, 我爸还是民主党的政治人物。
liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人; politician:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩; Democratic Party:n.民主党(美国两大主要政党之一,通常被视为社会改革的支持者);
And I remember that no one thought that Berlusconi could get elected — that was totally not an option . 我还记得,大家都说 贝鲁斯柯尼选不上, 没人觉得他会选上。
option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
But it happened. 结果他当选了。
And I remember the feeling very vividly . 当时的感受我仍记忆犹新。
vividly:adv.生动地;强烈地;
It was a complete surprise, as my dad promised that in my town he knew nobody who voted for him. 完全出乎我们的意料, 我爸信誓旦旦地说, 镇上不会有人投给他。
This was the first time when the data I had gave me a completely distorted image of reality. 这是第一次, 我收集的数据与现实有落差。
distorted:adj.歪曲的;受到曲解的;v.扭曲(distort的过去式和过去分词);
My data sample was actually pretty limited and skewed , so probably it was because of that,I thought, I lived in a bubble , and I didn't have enough chances to see outside of it. 我的数据样本既狭隘又偏颇, 也因此我觉得我只活在同温层, 没机会看到外面的真实情况。
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) skewed:adj.歪斜的;曲解的; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);
Now, fast-forward to November 8, 2016 in the United States. 接着快转到 2016 年 11 月 8 日。美国的总统大选。
fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
The internet polls , statistical models, all the pundits agreeing on a possible outcome for the presidential election. 网路民调、 统计模型、 专家学者都说希拉蕊会赢。
polls:n.民意调查; v.对…进行民意测验,使投票(poll的单三形式); statistical:adj.统计的;统计学的; pundits:权威(pundit的复数); outcome:n.结果,结局;成果; presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的;
It looked like we had enough information this time, and many more chances to see outside the closed circle we lived in — but we clearly didn't. 好像这一次我们的资讯很充足, 而且有更多机会看到, 同温层以外的世界。 但我们根本没有。
The feeling felt very familiar. 这感觉似曾相识。
I had been there before. 我以前就经历过。
I think it's fair to say the data failed us this time — and pretty spectacularly . 这次真的可以说数据骗了我们, 而且骗惨了。
spectacularly:adv.壮观地;引人注目地;
We believed in data, but what happened, even with the most respected newspaper, is that the obsession to reduce everything to two simple percentage numbers to make a powerful headline made us focus on these two digits and them alone. 我们太相信数据了, 结果呢？ 连最权威的报纸, 都只想将所有事情 简化成两位数的支持率, 制作出最耸动的标题, 让大众只看到数字。
obsession:n.痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理]强迫观念; percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成;
In an effort to simplify the message and draw a beautiful, inevitable red and blue map, we lost the point completely. 他们费尽心思简化资料, 画出精美的红蓝分布图, 我们完全失去焦点。
simplify:vt.简化;使单纯;使简易; inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的;
We somehow forgot that there were stories — stories of human beings behind these numbers. 我们忘记数据背后的故事, 数字背后关于人的故事。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
In a different context , but to a very similar point, a peculiar challenge was presented to my team by this woman. 这边要岔个题, 但要说的道理是一样的, 这名女子向我的团队 提出了一个特殊的挑战。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; peculiar:adj.特殊的;独特的;奇怪的;罕见的;n.特权;特有财产;
She came to us with a lot of data, but ultimately she wanted to tell one of the most humane stories possible. 她带着一堆数据找上我们, 但最终她想要说出的, 就是一个最有人情味的故事。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; humane:adj.仁慈的,人道的;高尚的;
She's Samantha Cristoforetti. 这个人就是萨曼莎?克里斯托福雷蒂。
She has been the first Italian woman astronaut, and she contacted us before being launched on a six-month-long expedition to the International Space Station . 她是义大利第一位女太空人, 她在出任务前找上我们, 她要到国际太空站待六个月。
contacted:v.联系,联络(如用电话或信件)(contact的过去分词和过去式) launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) expedition:n.远征;探险队;迅速; Space Station:n.太空站;航天站;宇宙空间站;
She told us, "I'm going to space, and I want to do something meaningful with the data of my mission to reach out to people." 她告诉我们:「我要上太空了, 我想用任务中的数据, 和社会大众交流。」
meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的; mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
A mission to the International Space Station comes with terabytes of data about anything you can possibly imagine — the orbits around Earth, the speed and position of the ISS and all of the other thousands of live streams from its sensors . 一趟国际太空站的任务, 会有好几兆位元组的数据, 你能想到的资料都有: 环绕地球的轨道数据、 国际太空站的速率和位置、 还有感应器上一大堆的即时资讯。
terabytes:n.兆兆字节(信息量度单位,terabyte的复数); orbits:n.[天][航]轨道(orbit的复数); v.环绕…的轨道运行; sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数);
We had all of the hard data we could think of — just like the pundits before the election — but what is the point of all these numbers? 我们握有太空任务的所有数据, 专家学者在大选前也都有数据, 但这些数字到底可以做什么？
People are not interested in data for the sake of it, because numbers are never the point. 大家对数据本身根本没兴趣, 因为数字不是重点。
for the sake of:为了;为了…的利益;
They're always the means to an end . 数据只是了解现实的手段。
means to an end:达到目的的手段;达到某一目的的手段;手段目的;
The story we needed to tell is that there is a human being in a teeny box flying in space above your head, and that you can actually see her with your naked eye on a clear night. 我们要说的故事是, 在这个小箱子里有个人, 正在你头上的外太空飞行, 而且你能在清朗的夜空 用肉眼看见她。
teeny:adj.极小的;微小的; naked:adj.裸体的;无装饰的;无证据的;直率的;
So we decided to use data to create a connection between Samantha and all of the people looking at her from below. 所以我们要用数据创造连结, 连结萨曼莎和地上的我们。
We designed and developed what we called "Friends in Space," 我们设计并开发了 「太空中的朋友」,
a web application that simply lets you say "hello" to Samantha from where you are, and "hello" to all the people who are online at the same time from all over the world. 它是一个网路应用程式 可以让你从所在地透过网页, 跟萨曼莎说「哈啰」, 同时也可以跟线上的 全球网友们说「哈啰」。
application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
And all of these "hellos" 如果萨曼莎经过这些「哈啰」,
left visible marks on the map as Samantha was flying by and as she was actually waving back every day at us using Twitter from the ISS. 地图上就会有记号, 她每天也都从国际太空站, 透过推特跟大家互动。
visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目;
This made people see the mission's data from a very different perspective . 这让大家用非常不同的角度, 去看任务的数据。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
It all suddenly became much more about our human nature and our curiosity , rather than technology . 让一切更贴近人性并 引发我们的好奇心, 而不只是冷冰冰的科技。
human nature:n.人性; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
So data powered the experience, but stories of human beings were the drive. 数据能强化体验, 但人的故事才是关键。
The very positive response of its thousands of users taught me a very important lesson — that working with data means designing ways to transform the abstract and the uncountable into something that can be seen, 数千位使用者的正面回馈, 给我上了非常重要的一课: 与数据为伍就是要设计出 可以把抽象、不可数的概念, 转化成看得见、感受得到、
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; response:n.响应;反应;回答; transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要; uncountable:adj.无数的;不可数的;
felt and directly reconnected to our lives and to our behaviors, something that is hard to achieve if we let the obsession for the numbers and the technology around them lead us in the process . 并直接与生活和行为重新连结的方法, 有时候很难做到, 如果我们只着迷于数字及科技, 就会走偏掉。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; reconnected:v.再连接;再接合(reconnect的过去分词和过去式) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
But we can do even more to connect data to the stories they represent. 但我们能进一步 连结数据与背后的故事。
We can remove technology completely. 不需要科技也办得到。
A few years ago, I met this other woman , a London-based designer who shares with me the passion and obsession about data. 几年前,我遇见一名女子, 她是住伦敦的设计师, 跟我一样对数据痴迷。
other woman:n.情妇;女第三者; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
We didn't know each other, but we decided to run a very radical experiment, starting a communication using only data, no other language, and we opted for using no technology whatsoever to share our data. 我们之前不认识, 但我们做了一个大胆的实验, 就是只用数据交谈, 而不是语言。 而且不用任何科技当媒介。
radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; opted:v.选择;挑选;(opt的过去分词和过去式) whatsoever:pron.无论什么;
In fact, our only means of communication would be through the old-fashioned post office . 事实上,我们联络的唯一管道, 就是最老派的邮政系统。
old-fashioned:adj.老式的;过时的;守旧的; post office:邮局
For "Dear Data," every week for one year, we used our personal data to get to know each other — personal data around weekly shared mundane topics, from our feelings to the interactions with our partners, from the compliments we received to the sounds of our surroundings . 《亲爱的数据》计画长达一年, 我们每周透过数据了解对方。 每周都是很普通的一些主题: 从各自的情绪、 到跟另一半的互动、 收到的赞美或周围的声音。
mundane:adj.世俗的,平凡的;世界的,宇宙的; interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) compliments:n.赞扬;问候;祝贺;v.赞美;钦佩;(compliment的第三人称单数和复数) surroundings:n.周围的环境;环境;(surrounding的复数)
Personal information that we would then manually hand draw on a postcard-size sheet of paper that we would every week send from London to New York, where I live, and from New York to London,where she lives. 这些资讯我们都手绘在 明信片大小的表格上, 每周她会从伦敦寄明信片到 我住的纽约, 我也从纽约寄到她住的伦敦。
manually:adv.手动地;用手; sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的;
The front of the postcard is the data drawing, and the back of the card contains the address of the other person, of course, and the legend for how to interpret our drawing. 明信片的正面是手绘的图表, 卡片的背面, 除了对方的地址, 还有前面图表的注解。
postcard:n.明信片; legend:n.传奇;说明;图例;刻印文字; interpret:v.诠释;说明;口译;把…理解为;
The very first week into the project, we actually chose a pretty cold and impersonal topic. 计画开始的第一周, 我们选了个很生冷、客套主题。
impersonal:adj.客观的; n.非人称动词;
How many times do we check the time in a week? 「我们一周内会看几次表？」
So here is the front of my card, and you can see that every little symbol represents all of the times that I checked the time, positioned for days and different hours chronologically — nothing really complicated here. 这是我画的纪录, 上面的那些小记号, 就是我每次看时间的记录, 按照每天、每小时依序纪录, 其实不会很复杂。
symbol:n.象征;符号;标志; represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) chronologically:adv.按年代地; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
But then you see in the legend how I added anecdotal details about these moments. 但在注解这边, 我说明了记号的涵义。
anecdotal:adj.轶事的;轶事一样的;多轶事的;
In fact, the different types of symbols indicate why I was checking the time — what was I doing? 不同的记号代表不同的理由, 当时在干嘛？
symbols:n.符号;象征;标志;符号表(symbol的复数); indicate:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示;
Was I bored ? Was I hungry? 无聊吗？饿了吗？
bored:adj.无聊的;厌倦的;烦闷的;v.使厌烦;钻,凿,挖;(bore的过去分词和过去式)
Was I late? 迟到了吗？
Did I check it on purpose or just casually glance at the clock? 我是认真看时间, 还是随意瞄一下？
on purpose:有目的地,故意地; casually:adv.偶然;临时; glance:v.浏览;扫视;瞥一眼;匆匆一看;n.一瞥;扫视;匆匆一看;
And this is the key part — representing the details of my days and my personality through my data collection. 这些才是关键, 我每天、个性上的细节, 透过数据表现出来。
representing:v.代表;维护…的利益;等于;相当于;(represent的现在分词) personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色;
Using data as a lens or a filter to discover and reveal , for example, my never-ending anxiety for being late, even though I'm absolutely always on time. 把数据当镜头或滤镜, 去发现和揭露,比如说, 就算我一定会准时到, 我仍对迟到这件事非常焦虑,
lens:n.透镜,镜头;晶状体;隐形眼镜;汽车的灯玻璃;v.给…摄影; filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行; reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧; never-ending:adj.不停的;无限的; anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
Stefanie and I spent one year collecting our data manually to force us to focus on the nuances that computers cannot gather — or at least not yet — using data also to explore our minds and the words we use, and not only our activities. 我们花了一年收集对方的数据, 专注在电脑抓不到的细节—— 至少目前还无法收集, 用数据去了解想法、用字遣词, 而不只是行为。
nuances:细微差别; explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
Like at week number three, where we tracked the "thank yous"we said and were received, and when I realized that I thank mostly people that I don't know. 像在第三周, 我们记录了道谢和被道谢情况, 才发现我常和不认识的人道谢。
tracked:v.跟踪;追踪;(track的过去分词和过去式)
Apparently I'm a compulsive thanker to waitresses and waiters, but I definitely don't thank enough the people who are close to me. 显然我会制式地向服务生道谢, 对身边的人却没那么客气。
Apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; compulsive:adj.强制的;强迫的; waitresses:n.女服务员;女侍者;v.做女服务生;
Over one year, the process of actively noticing and counting these types of actions became a ritual . 一年以后, 有意识地关注、记录这些事, 变成了一个习惯。
ritual:n.仪式;惯例;礼制;adj.仪式的;例行的;礼节性的;
It actually changed ourselves. 我们开始有些改变。
We became much more in tune with ourselves, much more aware of our behaviors and our surroundings. 我们更清楚自己的步调, 更了解自己的行为和周遭环境。
tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐;
Over one year, Stefanie and I connected at a very deep level through our shared data diary, but we could do this only because we put ourselves in these numbers, adding the contexts of our very personal stories to them. 一年后,因为这个计画, 我们两个有了很深的牵绊。 这都是因为我们在数字之外, 加上了自己的故事。
contexts:n.环境,[计]上下文(context复数);
It was the only way to make them truly meaningful and representative of ourselves. 数据因此有了意义, 因此能代表我们。
representative:n.代表; adj.典型的;
I am not asking you to start drawing your personal data, or to find a pen pal across the ocean. 我不是要大家开始手绘数据, 或是去找个海外的笔友。
pen pal:笔友
But I'm asking you to consider data — as the beginning of the conversation and not the end. 是希望今后大家面对数据, 都当成对话的开始, 而不是终结。
Because data alone will never give us a solution . 因为数据本身不会提供解答。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
And this is why data failed us so badly — because we failed to include the right amount of context to represent reality — a nuanced , complicated and intricate reality. 所以我们才会一直被数据所骗, 因为我们忘记数据背后 所呈现的现实, 是细微、复杂、盘根错节的。
nuanced:adj.微妙的; v.精确细腻地表演; intricate:adj.复杂的;错综的,缠结的;
We kept looking at these two numbers, obsessing with them and pretending that our world could be reduced to a couple digits and a horse race , while the real stories, the ones that really mattered, were somewhere else. 我们看到候选人的支持率, 就只看到数字, 假装我们的世界可以被简化成 两个数字和一场竞赛, 然而真实的故事、 真正重要的事, 却被抛在一旁。
obsessing:v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷;唠叨;挂牵(obsess的现在分词) horse race:n.赛马;
What we missed looking at these stories only through models and algorithms is what I call "data humanism ." 不要只专注在模型和演算法, 也就是所谓的「数据人文主义」。
humanism:n.人道主义;adj.人文主义的;人道主义的;
In the Renaissance humanism, 在文艺复兴人文主义时代,
Renaissance:n.文艺复兴(欧洲14至17世纪);
European intellectuals placed the human nature instead of God at the center of their view of the world. 欧洲的知识分子, 将眼光从「上帝」转向「人性」。
intellectuals:n.[劳经]知识分子(intellectual的复数);
I believe something similar needs to happen with the universe of data. 我觉得类似的转变, 也该发生在数据的研究。
Now data are apparently treated like a God — keeper of infallible truth for our present and our future. 现在大家都把数据当上帝来拜, 觉得数据是贯通古今的真理。
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) infallible:adj.绝对可靠的;绝无错误的;n.永远正确的人;绝无谬误的事物;
The experiences that I shared with you today taught me that to make data faithfully representative of our human nature and to make sure they will not mislead us anymore, 我今天跟各位分享的经验, 就是要让数据去真实呈现人性, 而不是再次误导大众。
faithfully:adv.忠实地;如实地;诚心诚意地;深信着地; mislead:vt.误导;带错;
we need to start designing ways to include empathy , imperfection and human qualities in how we collect, process, analyze and display them. 我们要将同理心、不完美 以及人性, 投入数据的收集、 处里、分析、呈现。
empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; imperfection:n.不完美;瑕疵;缺点; analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse); display:n.显示;炫耀;vt.显示;表现;陈列;vi.[动]作炫耀行为;adj.展览的;陈列用的;
I do see a place where, ultimately, instead of using data only to become more efficient , we will all use data to become more humane. 我相信未来有一天, 数据不只让我们更有效率, 也让我们更有人情味。
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）