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GeorgePapandreou_2013G-_设想一个跨国界的欧洲民主_
This will not be a speech like any one I have ever given. [00:13]
I will talk to you today about the failure of leadership in global politics and in our globalizing economy . [00:17]
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) globalizing:vt.使全球化; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
And I won't provide some feel-good , ready-made solutions. [00:29]
feel-good:感觉舒服,感觉良好; ready-made:adj.现成的;做好的;陈旧的;平凡的;
But I will in the end urge you to rethink , actually take risks, and get involved in what I see as a global evolution of democracy . [00:36]
rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
Failure of leadership. [00:50]
What is the failure of leadership today? [00:52]
And why is our democracy not working? [00:55]
Well, I believe that the failure of leadership is the fact that we have taken you out of the process . [00:58]
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
So let me, from my personal experiences, give you an insight , so that you can step back and maybe understand why it is so difficult to cope with the challenges of today and why politics is going down a blind alley . [01:05]
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; insight:n.洞察力;洞悉; cope:v.处理;n.大圆衣; a blind alley:死胡同;无发展前途的职业;
Let's start from the beginning. [01:22]
Let's start from democracy. [01:24]
Well, if you go back to the Ancient Greeks, it was a revelation , a discovery, that we had the potential , together, to be masters of our own fate, to be able to examine, to learn, to imagine, and then to design a better life. [01:28]
revelation:n.披露; adj.暴露的; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
And democracy was the political innovation which protected this freedom, because we were liberated from fear so that our minds in fact, whether they be despots or dogmas , could be the protagonists . [01:48]
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; liberated:adj.不受传统思想束缚的,开放的; v.解放; (liberate的过去式和过去分词) despots:n.专制君主,暴君;独裁者; dogmas:n.教条(定理;武断的意见); protagonists:主人公;主角;
Democracy was the political innovation that allowed us to limit the power, whether it was of tyrants or of high priests , their natural tendency to maximize power and wealth . [02:09]
tyrants:n.暴君;专制君主;(tyrant的复数) priests:n.司祭,神父;教士,祭司,僧侣;(priest的复数) tendency:n.倾向,趋势;癖好; maximize:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有;
Well, I first began to understand this when I was 14 years old. [02:23]
I used to, to try to avoid homework, sneak down to the living room and listen to my parents and their friends debate heatedly . [02:27]
sneak:v.溜; n.鬼鬼祟祟的人; adj.暗中进行的; living room:n.客厅;起居室; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; heatedly:adv.加热地;激昂地,热情的;
You see, then Greece was under control of a very powerful establishment which was strangling the country, and my father was heading a promising movement to reimagine Greece, to imagine a Greece where freedom reigned and where, maybe, the people, the citizens, could actually rule their own country. [02:36]
establishment:n.大型组织;企业;旅馆;权威人士;建立; strangling:v.扼死;掐死;抑制;压制;扼杀;(strangle的现在分词) reimagine:重新想象;再回味 reigned:v.统治;当政;为王;成为最佳;盛行;(reign的过去分词和过去式)
I used to join him in many of the campaigns, and you can see me here next to him. [02:56]
I'm the younger one there, to the side. [03:00]
You may not recognize me because [03:03]
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
I used to part my hair differently there. [03:06]
(Laughter) [03:08]
So in 1967, elections were coming, things were going well in the campaign, the house was electric . [03:10]
electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的;
We really could sense that there was going to be a major progressive change in Greece. [03:18]
progressive:adj.进步的;先进的;开明的;稳步的;n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派;
Then one night, military trucks drive up to our house. [03:24]
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
Soldiers storm the door. [03:29]
They find me up on the top terrace . [03:32]
terrace:n.平台;梯田;阳台;v.使成梯田,使成阶地;使有平台屋顶;adj.(女服)叠层式的;
A sergeant comes up to me with a machine gun , puts it to my head, and says, "Tell me where your father is or I will kill you." [03:36]
sergeant:n.军士;警察小队长;海军陆战队中士;高等律师; machine gun:n.机关枪;vt.用机关枪向…射击;vi.用机关枪射击;
My father, hiding nearby , reveals himself, and was summarily taken to prison. [03:44]
nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近; reveals:v.揭示;显示;透露;展示;(reveal的第三人称单数) summarily:adv.概要地;立刻;概略地;
Well, we survived, but democracy did not. [03:52]
Seven brutal years of dictatorship which we spent in exile . [03:56]
brutal:adj.残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的; dictatorship:n.专政;独裁权;独裁者职位; exile:n.流放,充军;放逐,被放逐者;流犯;v.放逐,流放;使背井离乡;
Now, today, our democracies are again facing a moment of truth . [04:02]
democracies:民主; a moment of truth:真相大白的时刻;
Let me tell you a story. [04:07]
Sunday evening, [04:09]
Brussels , April 2010. [04:11]
Brussels:n.布鲁塞尔(比利时首都);
I'm sitting with my counterparts in the European Union . [04:14]
counterparts:n.(契约)副本(counterpart的复数);相对物;相对应的人; European Union:n.欧洲联盟;
I had just been elected prime minister , but I had the unhappy privilege of revealing a truth that our deficit was not 6 percent, as had been officially reported only a few days earlier before the elections by the previous government, but actually 15.6 percent. [04:18]
prime minister:n.首相;总理; privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免; revealing:adj.暴露的;发人深省的;v.揭示;露出;显示;展示;(reveal的现在分词) deficit:n.赤字;逆差;亏损;不足额; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
But the deficit was only the symptom of much deeper problems that Greece was facing, and I had been elected on a mandate , a mission , actually, to tackle these problems, whether it was lack of transparency and accountability in governance , or whether it was a clientelistic state offering favors to the powerful -- tax avoidance abetted and aided by a global tax evasion system, politics and media captured by special interests. [04:40]
symptom:n.症状;征候;征兆; mandate:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; tackle:v.处理; n.用具; transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性; governance:n.管理;统治;支配; tax avoidance:n.(合法)避税; abetted:vt.煽动,教唆;支持;abetted是abet的过去分词; tax evasion:n.偷税;漏税;(非法)逃税; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词)
But despite our electoral mandate, the markets mistrusted us. [05:10]
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; electoral:adj.选举的;选举人的; mistrusted:vt.不信任;怀疑;vi.不信任;怀疑;n.不信任;怀疑;
Our borrowing costs were skyrocketing , and we were facing possible default . [05:16]
skyrocketing:n.价格飞涨;突涨,飞升;v.火箭式地上升;鲁莽行事(skyrocket的ing形式); default:n.违约;拖欠;缺席;缺陷;v.违约;拖欠;缺乏;不履行;
So I went to Brussels on a mission to make the case for a united European response , one that would calm the markets and give us the time to make the necessary reforms . [05:22]
united:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) response:n.响应;反应;回答; reforms:n.改革(reform的复数);v.改革(reform的单数第三人称);
But time we didn't get. [05:35]
Picture yourselves around the table in Brussels. [05:38]
Negotiations are difficult, the tensions are high, progress is slow, and then, 10 minutes to 2, a prime minister shouts out, "We have to finish in 10 minutes." [05:41]
Negotiations:n.谈判(negotiation的复数);磋商; tensions:张力;紧张;
I said, "Why? These are important decisions. [05:51]
Let's deliberate a little bit longer." [05:54]
deliberate:v.深思熟虑;仔细考虑;反复思考;adj.故意的;蓄意的;存心的;不慌不忙的;
Another prime minister comes in and says, "No, we have to have an agreement now, because in 10 minutes, the markets are opening up in Japan, and there will be havoc in the global economy." [05:56]
opening up:n.解禁;开放;供开发;启用; havoc:n.大破坏;浩劫;蹂躏;v.严重破坏;损毁;
We quickly came to a decision in those 10 minutes. [06:13]
This time it was not the military, but the markets, that put a gun to our collective heads. [06:16]
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
What followed were the most difficult decisions in my life, painful to me, painful to my countrymen , imposing cuts, austerity , often on those not to blame for the crisis . [06:25]
painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的; countrymen:n.同胞;国民(countryman的复数形式);乡下人; imposing:adj.壮观的; v.推行,采用; (impose的现在分词) austerity:n.紧缩;朴素;苦行;严厉; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
With these sacrifices , Greece did avoid bankruptcy and the eurozone avoided a collapse . [06:40]
sacrifices:n.牺牲,损失; v.牺牲,损失(sacrifice的单三形式); bankruptcy:n.破产; eurozone:n.欧元区; collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭;
Greece, yes, triggered the Euro crisis, and some people blame me for pulling the trigger. [06:46]
triggered:v.发动;引起;触发;开动;起动;(trigger的过去分词和过去式)
But I think today that most would agree that Greece was only a symptom of much deeper structural problems in the eurozone, vulnerabilities in the wider global economic system, vulnerabilities of our democracies. [06:52]
structural:adj.结构的;建筑的; vulnerabilities:n.缺陷(vulnerability的复数形式);脆弱点; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
Our democracies are trapped by systems too big to fail, or, more accurately , too big to control. [07:08]
trapped:adj.受困的;受限制的;v.使落入险境;使陷入困境;(trap的过去分词和过去式) accurately:adv.精确地,准确地;
Our democracies are weakened in the global economy with players that can evade laws, evade taxes, evade environmental or labor standards . [07:15]
weakened:v.(使)虚弱,衰弱;减弱;削弱;动摇;(weaken的过去分词和过去式) evade:vt.逃避;躲避;逃脱;回避;想不出 standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
Our democracies are undermined by the growing inequality and the growing concentration of power and wealth, lobbies , corruption , the speed of the markets [07:25]
undermined:v.暗地里破坏;挖…的下面(undermine的过去分词); concentration:n.浓度;含量;集中;专心; lobbies:n.大堂;(美)游说集团(lobby的复数形式); corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落;
or simply the fact that we sometimes fear an impending disaster , have constrained our democracies, and they have constrained our capacity to imagine and actually use the potential, your potential, in finding solutions. [07:37]
impending:adj.迫在眉睫的; v.(事件,危险等)逼近; (impend的现在分词) disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸; constrained:adj.不自然的; v.约束; (constrain的过去分词和过去式) capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
Greece, you see, was only a preview of what is in store for us all. [07:54]
preview:n.预览;试映;事先查看;vt.预览;预演;事先查看;
I, overly optimistically , had hoped that this crisis was an opportunity for Greece, for Europe, for the world, to make radical democratic transformations in our institutions . [07:59]
overly:adv.过度地;极度地; optimistically:adv.乐观地;乐天地; radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; transformations:n.[晶体]转变(transformation的复数形式);转换; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
Instead, I had a very humbling experience. [08:11]
humbling:adj.令人羞辱的;v.羞辱(humble的ing形式);使…谦恭;使…卑贱;
In Brussels, when we tried desperately again and again to find common solutions, [08:15]
desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地; again and again:adv.再三地,反复地;
I realized that not one, not one of us, had ever dealt with a similar crisis. [08:21]
But worse, we were trapped by our collective ignorance . [08:28]
ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂;
We were led by our fears. [08:32]
And our fears led to a blind faith in the orthodoxy of austerity. [08:36]
faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰; orthodoxy:n.正统;正教;正统说法;
Instead of reaching out to the common or the collective wisdom in our societies, investing in it to find more creative solutions, we reverted to political posturing . [08:43]
wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问; investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词) creative:adj.创造性的; reverted:回复; posturing:n.做作的举止;虚伪表现;v.故作姿态;装样子;(posture的现在分词)
And then we were surprised when every ad hoc new measure didn't bring an end to the crisis, and of course that made it very easy to look for a whipping boy for our collective European failure, and of course that was Greece. [08:56]
ad hoc:na.特别是;特别的; whipping boy:代罪羔羊,代人受罪者;
Those profligate , idle , ouzo-swilling, Zorba-dancing Greeks, they are the problem. Punish them! [09:11]
profligate:adj.放荡的,不检点的;恣意挥霍的;n.放荡者;享乐者; idle:adj.闲置的;懒惰的;停顿的;v.无所事事;虚度;空转;
Well, a convenient but unfounded stereotype that sometimes hurt even more than austerity itself. [09:19]
convenient:adj.实用的;便利的;方便的; unfounded:adj.未建立的;没有理由的;没有事实根据的; stereotype:vt.使用铅版;套用老套,使一成不变;n.陈腔滥调,老套;铅版;
But let me warn you, this is not just about Greece. [09:27]
This could be the pattern that leaders follow again and again when we deal with these complex , cross-border problems, whether it's climate change, whether it's migration , whether it's the financial system. [09:31]
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; cross-border:adj.跨越边界的;国境线交叉的; migration:n.迁移;迁徙;转移;移居; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
That is, abandoning our collective power to imagine our potential, falling victims to our fears, our stereotypes , our dogmas, taking our citizens out of the process rather than building the process around our citizens. [09:47]
abandoning:v.放弃;屈服;(abandon的现在分词) stereotypes:n.模式化观念(或形象); v.对…形成模式化(或类型化)的看法; (stereotype的第三人称单数和复数)
And doing so will only test the faith of our citizens, of our peoples, even more in the democratic process. [10:02]
It's no wonder that many political leaders, and I don't exclude myself, have lost the trust of our people. [10:09]
exclude:v.不包括;不放在考虑之列;防止…进入;阻止…参加;
When riot police have to protect parliaments , a scene which is increasingly common around the world, then there's something deeply wrong with our democracies. [10:16]
riot police:n.防暴警察; parliaments:n.议会,国会; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
That's why I called for a referendum to have the Greek people own and decide on the terms of the rescue package. [10:29]
referendum:n.公民投票权;外交官请示书; rescue:n.救援;抢救;营救;获救;v.抢救;营救;援救;
My European counterparts, some of them, at least, said, "You can't do this. [10:37]
There will be havoc in the markets again." [10:41]
I said, "We need to, before we restore confidence in the markets, we need to restore confidence and trust amongst our people." [10:45]
restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原; confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among);
Since leaving office, I have had time to reflect . [10:55]
reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;
We have weathered the storm, in Greece and in Europe, but we remain challenged. [10:58]
If politics is the power to imagine and use our potential, well then 60-percent youth unemployment in Greece, and in other countries, certainly is a lack of imagination if not a lack of compassion . [11:06]
unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
So far, we've thrown economics at the problem, actually mostly austerity, and certainly we could have designed alternatives , a different strategy , a green stimulus for green jobs, or mutualized debt , Eurobonds which would support countries in need from market pressures, these would have been much more viable alternatives. [11:19]
alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数) strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; stimulus:n.刺激;激励;刺激物; debt:n.债务;借款;罪过; Eurobonds:n.[金融]欧洲债券; viable:adj.可行的;能养活的;能生育的;
Yet I have come to believe that the problem is not so much one of economics as it is one of democracy. [11:40]
So let's try something else. [11:46]
Let's see how we can bring people back to the process. [11:48]
Let's throw democracy at the problem. [11:51]
Again, the Ancient Greeks, with all their shortcomings, believed in the wisdom of the crowd at their best moments. In people we trust. [11:54]
Democracy could not work without the citizens deliberating , debating , taking on public responsibilities for public affairs . [12:03]
deliberating:v.仔细考虑;深思熟虑;反复思考;(deliberate的现在分词) debating:v.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑;思考;盘算;(debate的现在分词) public affairs:n.公共事务;
Average citizens often were chosen for citizen juries to decide on critical matters of the day. [12:12]
juries:n.[法]陪审团(jury的复数);评委会; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
Science, theater, research, philosophy , games of the mind and the body, they were daily exercises. [12:19]
philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观;
Actually they were an education for participation , for the potential, for growing the potential of our citizens. [12:26]
participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
And those who shunned politics, well, they were idiots . [12:34]
shunned:v.避开;回避;避免;(shun的过去分词和过去式) idiots:n.蠢人;笨蛋;白痴;(idiot的复数)
You see, in Ancient Greece, in ancient Athens, that term originated there. [12:38]
originated:v.起源;发源;创立;创建;发明;(originate的过去式和过去分词)
'"Idiot" comes from the root "idio," oneself. [12:44]
A person who is self-centered , secluded , excluded , someone who doesn't participate or even examine public affairs. [12:49]
self-centered:adj.自我中心的;利己主义的; secluded:adj.隐蔽的;隐退的,隐居的;v.隔绝(seclude的过去式); excluded:v.排除;拒绝;把…除外;驱除;(excluded是exclude的过去分词) participate:v.参加;参与;
And participation took place in the agora , the agora having two meanings, both a marketplace and a place where there was political deliberation . [12:57]
agora:n.市场;集会; marketplace:n.市场;集市; deliberation:n.审议;考虑;从容;熟思;
You see, markets and politics then were one, unified , accessible , transparent , because they gave power to the people. [13:07]
unified:adj.统一的;一致标准的;v.统一;使一致(unify的过去分词); accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的;
They serve the demos , democracy. [13:14]
demos:n.民众;人民;游行;录音样带(demo的复数形式);
Above government, above markets was the direct rule of the people. [13:19]
direct rule:n.直辖;
Today we have globalized the markets but we have not globalized our democratic institutions. [13:24]
globalized:vt.使全球化;
So our politicians are limited to local politics, while our citizens, even though they see a great potential, are prey to forces beyond their control. [13:32]
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) prey:n.猎物;受害者;受骗者;v.折磨;掠夺;捕食(on,upon);损害(on,upon);
So how then do we reunite the two halves of the agora? [13:44]
reunite:v.使重聚;使再结合;使再联合;
How do we democratize globalization ? [13:47]
democratize:vt.使民主化;使大众化;vi.民主化;大众化; globalization:n.全球化;
And I'm not talking about the necessary reforms of the United Nations or the G20. [13:49]
United Nations:n.联合国;
I'm talking about, how do we secure the space, the demos, the platform of values, so that we can tap into all of your potential? [13:55]
platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
Well, this is exactly where I think Europe fits in. [14:05]
Europe, despite its recent failures, is the world's most successful cross-border peace experiment. [14:09]
So let's see if it can't be an experiment in global democracy, a new kind of democracy. [14:16]
Let's see if we can't design a European agora, not simply for products and services, but for our citizens, where they can work together, deliberate, learn from each other, exchange between art and cultures, where they can come up with creative solutions. [14:23]
exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换; come up with:提出;想出;赶上;
Let's imagine that European citizens actually have the power to vote directly for a European president, or citizen juries chosen by lottery which can deliberate on critical and controversial issues , a European-wide referendum where our citizens, as the lawmakers , vote on future treaties . [14:41]
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; lottery:n.彩票;碰运气的事,难算计的事;抽彩给奖法; deliberate on:审议;仔细研究,考虑; controversial:adj.有争议的;有争论的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) lawmakers:立法者(lawmaker的复数); treaties:n.条约;协定问题(treaty的复数);
And here's an idea: [15:05]
Why not have the first truly European citizens by giving our immigrants , not Greek or German or Swedish citizenship , but a European citizenship? [15:07]
immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数); Swedish:adj.瑞典的;瑞典语的;瑞典人的;n.瑞典语;瑞典人; citizenship:n.[法]公民身份,公民资格;国籍;公民权;
And make sure we actually empower the unemployed by giving them a voucher scholarship where they can choose to study anywhere in Europe. [15:20]
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; unemployed:adj.失业的;下岗的;n.(集合词)失业者; voucher:n.收据;证人;保证人;证明者;代金;vt.证实...的可靠性; scholarship:n.奖学金;学问;学识;学术成就;
Where our common identity is democracy, where our education is through participation, and where participation builds trust and solidarity rather than exclusion and xenophobia . [15:29]
identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; solidarity:n.团结,团结一致; exclusion:n.排除;排斥;驱逐;被排除在外的事物; xenophobia:n.仇外;对外国人的畏惧和憎恨;
Europe of and by the people, a Europe, an experiment in deepening and widening democracy beyond borders. [15:46]
deepening:n.加深,延深;向下侵蚀;v.使深化;加深(deepen的现在分词); widening:v.(使)变宽;拓宽;(使)扩展,程度加深,范围扩大;(widen的现在分词)
Now, some might accuse me of being naive , putting my faith in the power and the wisdom of the people. [15:55]
accuse:v.控告;谴责;控诉; naive:adj.天真的,幼稚的;
Well, after decades in politics, I am also a pragmatist . [16:03]
pragmatist:n.实用主义者;爱管闲事的人;
Believe me, I have been, [16:08]
I am, part of today's political system, and I know things must change. [16:11]
We must revive politics as the power to imagine, reimagine, and redesign for a better world. [16:19]
revive:vi.复兴;复活;苏醒;恢复精神;vt.使复兴;使苏醒;回想起;重演,重播; redesign:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计;
But I also know that this disruptive force of change won't be driven by the politics of today. [16:29]
disruptive:adj.破坏的;分裂性的;制造混乱的;
The revival of democratic politics will come from you, and I mean all of you. [16:34]
revival:n.复兴;复活;苏醒;恢复精神;再生效;
Everyone who participates in this global exchange of ideas, whether it's here in this room or just outside this room or online or locally , where everybody lives, [16:41]
participates:v.参与;参加(participate的第三人称单数);分享; locally:adv.在本地;局部地;在地方上;
everyone who stands up to injustice and inequality, everybody who stands up to those who preach racism rather than empathy , dogma rather than critical thinking, technocracy rather than democracy, everyone who stands up to the unchecked power, whether it's authoritarian leaders, plutocrats hiding their assets in tax havens , or powerful lobbies protecting the powerful few. [16:52]
injustice:n.不公正;不讲道义; preach:v.宣扬;说教;布道;n.说教;训诫; racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; technocracy:n.专家管理;专家政治论,技术统治论; unchecked:adj.未经核对的;未加抑制的; authoritarian:adj.独裁主义的;权力主义的;n.权力主义者;独裁主义者; plutocrats:n.富豪;财阀政治(plutocrat的复数形式); assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数) havens:避难所;港口(haven的复数);安置…于港中;庇护;
It is in their interest that all of us are idiots. [17:18]
Let's not be. [17:24]
Thank you. [17:25]
(Applause) [17:26]
Bruno Giussani: You seem to describe a political leadership that is kind of unprepared and a prisoner of the whims of the financial markets, and that scene in Brussels that you describe, to me, as a citizen, is terrifying . [17:38]
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; unprepared:adj.无准备的;即席的;尚未准备好的; whims:虚妄;禅病; terrifying:adj.令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的;v.使害怕,使恐怖;(terrify的现在分词)
Help us understand how you felt after the decision. [17:50]
It was not a good decision, clearly, but how do you feel after that, not as the prime minister, but as George? [17:54]
George Papandreou: Well, obviously there were constraints which didn't allow me or others to make the types of decisions we would have wanted, and obviously I had hoped that we would have the time to make the reforms which would have dealt [18:01]
constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式);
with the deficit rather than trying to cut the deficit which was the symptom of the problem. [18:13]
And that hurt. That hurt because that, first of all , hurt the younger generation, and not only, many of them are demonstrating outside, but I think this is one of our problems. [18:17]
first of all:adv.首先; demonstrating:n.演示;v.证明;示威;显示;(demonstrate的现在分词)
When we face these crises , we have kept the potential, the huge potential of our society out of this process, and we are closing in on ourselves in politics, and I think we need to change that, to really find [18:26]
crises:n.危机,紧要关头;危险期(crisis的复数形式);
new participatory ways using the great capabilities that now exist even in technology but not only in technology, the minds that we have, and I think we can find solutions which are much better, but we have to be open. [18:40]
participatory:adj.供人分享的;吸引参与的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
BG: You seem to suggest that the way forward is more Europe, and that is not to be an easy discourse right now in most European countries. [18:53]
discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲;vi.演说;谈论;讲述;vt.说出;演奏出;
It's rather the other way -- more closed borders and less cooperation and maybe even stepping out of some of the different parts of the European construction . [19:00]
cooperation:n.合作;配合; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
How do you reconcile that? [19:10]
reconcile:v.使和谐一致;调和;使配合;使和解;妥协;
GP: Well, I think one of the worst things that happened during this crisis is that we started a blame game . [19:11]
blame game:n.逃避责任的一种手段:方法是将过失归到别人的身上,或是找出别人的错误,或者指明是环境所致;
And the fundamental idea of Europe is that we can cooperate beyond borders, go beyond our conflicts and work together. [19:16]
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; cooperate:v.合作;配合;协作;结合; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
And the paradox is that, because we have this blame game, we have less the potential to convince our citizens that we should work together, while now is the time when we really need to bring our powers together. [19:24]
paradox:n.悖论,反论;似非而是的论点;自相矛盾的人或事; convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说;
Now, more Europe for me is not simply giving more power to Brussels. [19:39]
It is actually giving more power to the citizens of Europe, that is, really making Europe a project of the people. [19:43]
So that, I think, would be a way to answer some of the fears that we have in our society. [19:51]
BG: George, thank you for coming to TED. [19:56]
GP: Thank you very much.BG: Thank you.(Applause) [19:58]