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GeoffMulgan_2011G-_工作室学校的简介_
What I want to talk about today is one idea. 我今天想谈的概念
It's an idea for a new kind of school, which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking about what schools are for and how they work. 是关于一种新式学校的想法 它颠覆了我们传统观念中 学校的定义和运作方式
conventional:adj.符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的;
And it might just be coming to a neighborhood near you soon. 也许不久的将来它就会出现在你的周围
neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
Where it comes from is an organization called the Young Foundation , which, over many decades, has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University and things like extended schools, 它出自 一个叫做青年基金的组织 这个组织有数十年历史 已经在教育领域提出了很多新观念,比如函授大学 以及像拓展式学校之类的概念
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; come up with:提出;想出;赶上; innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; Open University:开放大学;函授大学; extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词)
schools for social entrepreneurs , summer universities and the School of Everything. 社会企业家学校,夏季大学 和“万全学校”
entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数)
And about five years ago, we asked what was the most important need for innovation in schooling here in the U.K. 大约5年前,我们提出一个问题 在英国的学校中,对于创新来说 最重要的需求是什么
And we felt the most important priority was to bring together two sets of problems. 我们认为最重要的优先选项是 两套问题
priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事;
One was large numbers of bored teenagers who just didn't like school, couldn't see any relationship between what they learned in school and future jobs. 一个是大量的对学习厌烦的青少年 他们不喜欢学校 完全看不出在学校学的东西和将来的工作 有任何联系
bored:adj.无聊的;厌倦的;烦闷的;v.使厌烦;钻,凿,挖;(bore的过去分词和过去式)
And employers who kept complaining that the kids coming out of school weren't actually ready for real work, didn't have the right attitudes and experience. 同时雇主们依旧不停抱怨 学校毕业的学生其实根本无法适应真正的工作 缺乏正确的态度和经历
employers:n.雇主;雇用者;(employer的复数) complaining:adj.抱怨的;v.抱怨;控诉;(complain的现在分词) attitudes:n.态度,看法(attitude复数);
And so we try to ask: 于是我们试着发问
What kind of school would have the teenagers fighting to get in, not fighting to stay out? 什么样的学校可以让青少年争着进来 而不是抢着逃走？
And after hundreds of conversations with teenagers and teachers and parents and employers and schools from Paraguay to Australia, and looking at some of the academic research, which showed the importance of what's now called non-cognitive skills -- the skills of motivation , resilience -- and that these are as important 经过数百次与青少年、老师 家长、雇主以及学校的交流 从巴拉圭 到澳大利亚 同时查找了一些学术研究 表明了我们现在所谓的 非认知性机能的重要性-- 动机、应变能力的技能-- 这些技能和认知性机能
academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者; motivation:n.动机;积极性;推动; resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力;
as the cognitive skills -- formal academic skills -- we came up with an answer, a very simple answer in a way, which we called the Studio School. 同样重要--和正规学术技能一样-- 我们得出一个结论,某种程度上说一个非常简单的答案 即我们所谓的工作室学校
cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服; Studio:n.工作室;[广播][电视]演播室;画室;电影制片厂;
And we called it a studio school to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance where work and learning are integrated . 我们让工作室学校回归到 文艺复兴时期对工作室最原始的定义上 即工作和学习相结合的地方
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; Renaissance:n.文艺复兴(欧洲14至17世纪); integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词)
You work by learning, and you learn by working. 人们通过学习指导工作 同时在工作中学习
And the design we came up with had the following characteristics . 我们设计的这个想法有以下这些特点
characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数)
First of all , we wanted small schools -- about 300, 400 pupils -- 14 to 19 year-olds, and critically , about 80 percent of the curriculum done not through sitting in classrooms, but through real-life , practical projects, working on commission to businesses, NGO's and others. 首先,我们希望学校规模要小-- 大约300-400名学生-- 14-19岁 重要的是,大约80%的课程 不是坐在课堂完成的 而是通过真实的,授权给商业机构 非政府机构等其他机构 的实际项目来完成
First of all:adv.首先; critically:adv.精密地;危急地;批评性地;用钻研眼光地; curriculum:n.课程;总课程; real-life:adj.现实的;实在的; practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; commission:n.委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状;vt.委任;使服役;委托制作;
That every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers, who would have timetables much more like a work environment in a business. 每一个学生都会有一位导师和几位老师 他们会有时间表 这更像是在商业领域内的工作环境
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; timetables:n.时间表;时刻表;课程表;
And all of this will be done within the public system, funded by public money, but independently run. 同时所有上述这些工作都会在公开体制下进行 由公共资金资助 但独立运作
funded:adj.提供资金的;v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息;(fund的过去式); independently:adv.独立地;自立地;
And all at no extra cost, no selection , and allowing the pupils the route into university, even if many of them would want to become entrepreneurs and have manual jobs as well. 没有额外费用和选拔 同时学生可以通过这类学校进入大学 虽然他们中的很多人希望成为企业家 或者获得一份蓝领工作
extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外: selection:n.选择;选拔;挑选;被挑选的人(或物); route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送; manual:n.说明书;指南;使用手册;adj.用手的;手工的;体力的;手动的;
Underlying it was some very simple ideas that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things, they learn best in teams and they learn best by doing things for real -- all the opposite of what mainstream schooling actually does. 这些是基于一个非常简单的概念 即对于大多数青少年来说,最好的学习方式是实践 团队方式最有利于学习 同时做实际的工作也是最有利的-- 主流教育界做的实际上都是 相反的
Underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) mainstream:n.主流;
Now that was a nice idea, so we moved into the rapid prototyping phase . 现在有了一个好的想法 于是我们进入到快速示范点建设阶段
prototyping:n.[计]样机研究;原型设计; phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做;
We tried it out, first in Luton -- famous for its airport and not much else, I fear -- and in Blackpool -- famous for its beaches and leisure . 进行了试点 首先是在卢顿-- 因机场闻名的城市-- 布莱克浦--因海滩和安逸的生活而闻名
airport:n.机场;航空港; leisure:n.休闲;闲暇;空闲;adj.闲暇的;
And what we found -- and we got quite a lot of things wrong and then improved them -- but we found that the young people loved it. 我们发现了什么--我们发现了很多问题 然后进行了改进-- 但是我们发现年轻人很喜欢这个新想法
improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式)
They found it much more motivational , much more exciting than traditional education. 他们觉得它较之传统教育来说更富主动性 更令人兴奋
motivational:adj.动机的;激发性的;有关动机的;动机说明; traditional:传统的,惯例的,
And perhaps most important of all, two years later when the exam results came through, the pupils who had been put on these field trials who were in the lowest performing groups had jumped right to the top -- 可能这些好处中最重要的是 两年后,当考试结果出来的时候 在实践演练中 表现的最差组的学生们 一跃成为了尖子生--
performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
in fact, pretty much at the top decile of performance in terms of GCSE's, which is the British marking system. 实际上,许多学生表现有顶级的分数表现 在英国的一个 叫做普通中等教育的测试系统中
decile:n.十分相;十分位数; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
Now not surprisingly , that influenced some people to think we were onto something. 现在不出意料的是 已经影响到了一些人去思考我们正在做的事情
surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地 influenced:v.影响;对…起作用;支配;左右;(influence的过去分词和过去式)
The minister of education down south in London described himself as a "big fan." 教育部长 在伦敦南部 说自己是它的忠实粉丝
minister:n.部长;大臣;牧师;vi.执行牧师职务;辅助或伺候某人; described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
And the business organizations thought we were onto something in terms of a way of preparing children much better for real-life work today. 同时企业组织认为我们所做的事情 是在探索一条让孩子能更好的适应 当今现实工作的路
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
And indeed, the head of the Chambers of Commerce is now the chairman of the Studio Schools Trust and helping it, not just with big businesses, but small businesses all over the country. 商会负责人 现在成为了工作室学校的主席 并提供帮助,不仅仅和大企业 也和全国的小企业
Chambers:n.内庭(chamber的复数); Commerce:n.商业;(尤指国际间的)贸易;商务;
We started with two schools. 我们在两个学校试点
That's grown this year to about 10. 今年增长到大约10家
And next year, we're expecting about 35 schools open across England, and another 40 areas want to have their own schools opening -- a pretty rapid spread of this idea. 明年,预计大约35家 贯穿英格兰 同时其它40个地区 希望有他们自己的学校-- 新理念被快速 传播开来
Interestingly , it's happened almost entirely without media coverage . 有趣的是 这些传播几乎完全不依靠媒体的报道
Interestingly:adv.有趣地; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; coverage:n.覆盖,覆盖范围;
It's happened almost entirely without big money behind it. 几乎完全没有雄厚资金的背后支持
It spread almost entirely through word of mouth, virally , across teachers, parents, people involved in education. 它的传播完全通过口口相传 遍及老师,父母 教育界的人
virally:adj.[医学](滤过性)病毒的;(滤过性)病毒引起的; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
And it spread because of the power of an idea -- so the very, very simple idea about turning education on its head and putting the things which were marginal , 它的传播是因为思想的力量-- 所以一个非常简单的想法 它把教育放在首位 并把那些边缘性的东西
marginal:adj.边缘的;临界的;末端的;
things like working in teams, doing practical projects, and putting them right at the heart of learning, rather than on the edges. 比如团队合作,实际操作 放在学习的最核心位置 而不是边缘
Now there's a whole set of new schools opening up this autumn. 现在已经有一整套新式学校 将于今年秋天开学
opening up:n.解禁;开放;供开发;启用;
This is one from Yorkshire where, in fact, my nephew, I hope, will be able to attend it. 这是约克郡的一个 我希望我的侄子可以加入
Yorkshire:n.约克郡(英格兰东北的一郡);
And this one is focused on creative and media industries. 这家学校专注在 创造性和媒体产业
creative:adj.创造性的;
Other ones have a focus on health care , tourism, engineering and other fields. 其它学校有专攻卫生保健 旅游,工程学 和其他领域
health care:n.卫生保健; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
We think we're onto something. 我们自认为所作的事情
It's not perfect yet, but we think this is one idea which can transform the lives of thousands, possibly millions, of teenagers who are really bored by schooling. 还并不完美 但是我们坚信这个想法 可以改变那些数千 也许是数百万厌倦学校教育 青少年的人生
transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
It doesn't animate them. 并不是告诉他们去做什么
animate:vt.使有生气;使活泼;鼓舞;推动;adj.有生命的;
They're not like all of you who can sit in rows and hear things said to you for hour after hour. 他们和在座的各位不一样 他们不喜欢数小时听别人讲东西
They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty, they want education to be for real. 他们希望去做东西,他们想让双手忙活起来 他们希望教育去适应现实
And my hope is that some of you out there may be able to help us. 我希望在座的朋友 可以给予我们帮助
We feel we're on the beginning of a journey of experiment and improvement to turn the Studio School idea into something which is present, not as a universal answer for every child, but at least as an answer for some children in every part of the world. 对于工作室学校想法的实验和改造 我们所作的只是万里长征的一小步 我们希望把这个想法变成一个答案 也许它不能成为适合 每一位儿童的普遍答案 但是至少适合世界上无论何处的部分儿童的答案
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; improvement:n.改进,改善; universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; answer for:因…而受罚;对…负责;
And I hope that a few of you at least can help us make that happen. 同时我希望你们中的小部分人至少可以帮我们把它实现
Thank you very much. 非常感谢
(Applause) （掌声）