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GeoffMulgan_2009G-_经济崩溃之后，投资一个更好的世界_
It's hard to believe that it's less than a year since the extraordinary moment when the finance , the credit, which drives our economies froze. 很难相信那个特殊时刻已过去将近一年 当时驱动经济的金融,信贷都停滞了。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
A massive cardiac arrest. 就像一次严重心脏骤停般的影响。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; cardiac:n.强心剂;强胃剂;adj.心脏的;心脏病的;贲门的;
The effect, the payback, perhaps, for years of vampire predators like Bernie Madoff, whom we saw earlier. 它也许是对像伯纳德?麦道夫,我们刚才看到的,这样的多年的 吸血鬼的惩罚。
vampire:n.吸血鬼;[脊椎]吸血蝙蝠; predators:n.捕食性动物;实行弱肉强食的人(或机构);掠夺者;(predator的复数)
Abuse of steroids , binging and so on. 还有滥用类固醇,狂欢作乐,等等。
Abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; steroids:n.甾族化合物;类固醇;(steroid的复数) binging:n.粘合;夹锯;包边;v.狂欢;沉溺(binge的ing形式);
And it's only a few months since governments injected enormous sums of money to try and keep the whole system afloat . 政府投入巨额资金试图维持 整个系统,至今才短短几个月。
injected:v.(给…)注射(药物等); (inject的过去分词和过去式) enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; sums:n.算术题;总数;全部;v.归纳;总计;(sum的第三人称单数和复数) afloat:adj.在海上的;飘浮的;浸满水的;在传播的;adv.在海上;飘浮著;浸满水;
And we're now in a very strange, sort of twilight zone where no one quite knows what's worked, or what doesn't. 我们现在正处在一个很奇怪的有点模糊的地带, 没有人确切知道什么有效,什么没有。
twilight:n.黎明,黄昏;薄暮;衰退期;朦胧状态;adj.昏暗的,微明的;暮年的;
We don't have any very clear maps, any compass to guide us. 我们没有任何清晰的地图,或是指南针来指引我们。
compass:n.罗盘;指南针;圆规;范围;界限;v.理解;领悟;将…包围;成功办到
We don't know which experts to believe anymore. 我们不知道再去相信哪些专家。
What I'm going to try and do is to give some pointers to what I think is the landscape on the other side of the crisis , what things we should be looking out for and how we can actually use the crisis. 我想尝试和做的是, 给危机另一面上的景观画一些指示箭头, 有哪些事我们应该注意 还有我们如何真正利用这次危机。
pointers:n.[仪]指针;指标(pointer的复数);指极星; landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境; on the other side:另一面;在另一边; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
There's a definition of leadership which says, "is the ability to use the smallest possible crisis for the biggest possible effect." 有一个关于领导才能的定义是这么说的, “它是利用最小危机 来达到最大效果的能力
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
And I want to talk about how we ensure that this crisis, which is by no means small, really is used to the full . 我就是想谈一下我们如何确保 这次决不小的危机能真正被充分利用。
ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全; by no means:决不; to the full:充分地;完全地;
I want to start just by saying a bit about where I'm coming from. 我想先稍微谈谈我自己的经历
I've got a very confused background which perhaps makes me appropriate for confused times. 我有非常混乱的经历 这也有可能使我比较适合混乱的时代
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式) appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出;
I've got a Ph.D. in telecoms , as you can see . 我是电信博士,你们可以看到。
telecoms:n.电信(telecom的复数形式);电信学; as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的;
I trained briefly as a Buddhist monk under this guy. 我曾经短期师从此人,作一个佛教徒
briefly:adv.简要地;简短地;暂时地; Buddhist:n.佛教徒;adj.佛教的; monk:n.僧侣,修道士;和尚;
I've been a civil servant , and I've been in charge of policy for this guy as well. 我曾经是一名公务员 也曾为这个人出谋划策,
civil servant:n.公务员;政府官员; in charge of:负责;主管; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
But what I want to talk about begins when I was at this city, this university, as a student. 但我想从我在这个城市,这所大学,作为一个学生开始说起。
And then as now, it was a beautiful place of balls and punts , beautiful people, many of whom took to heart Ronald Reagan's comment that, "even if they say hard work doesn't do you any harm, why risk it?" 和现在一样,当时这也是一个美丽的地方,有球类运动,划船,有美丽的人, 他们很多人真心相信里根总统的这句话 尽管他们说努力工作并不会害了你, 但为什么要冒这个险？
punts:v.足踢用篙撑(方头平底船等); n.方头平底船; (punt的复数)和第三人称单数
But when I was here, a lot of my fellow teenagers were in a very different situation, leaving school at a time then of rapidly growing youth unemployment , and essentially hitting a brick wall in terms of their opportunities. 但我在这里的时候, 我的许多青少年伙伴处在非常不一样的形势下, 他们在年轻人失业飙升的时候毕业离开了学校, 在就业机会上他们等于撞上了南墙。
unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
And I spent quite a lot of time with them rather than in punts. 我没有去划船,而是花了大量时间和他们在一起
And they were people who were not short of wit , or grace or energy, but they had no hope, no jobs, no prospects . 他们不是缺少智慧,风度或是活力, 可他们没有希望,没有工作,没有前途。
wit:n.智力;风趣;才思;头脑;v.(wist)[古语]知道; grace:n.优雅;恩惠;魅力;慈悲;v.使优美; prospects:n.可能性; v.探矿; (prospect的第三人称单数和复数)
And when people aren't allowed to be useful, they soon think that they're useless. 当人们不被允许有用时, 很快他们就会认为自己是无用的。
And although that was great for the music business at the time, it wasn't much good for anything else. 尽管当时这种情况对音乐产业很不错, 但对任何其他行业来说并不太好
And ever since then, I've wondered why it is that capitalism is so amazingly efficient at some things, but so inefficient at others, why it's so innovative in some ways and so uninnovative in others. 从那时起,我就在考虑,为什么资本主义 对某些事情极其有效,但是对另一些事情却并不这么有效呢？ 又为什么它在某些方面很创新,但在另些方面却没有呢？
capitalism:n.资本主义; inefficient:adj.无效率的,效率低的;无能的; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
Now, since that time, we've actually been through an extraordinary boom , the longest boom ever in the history of this country. 那段时间以后, 我们事实上经历了一段特殊的繁荣时期, 这个国家有史以来最长的繁荣时期
boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的;
Unprecedented wealth and prosperity , but that growth hasn't always delivered what we needed. 史无前例的富裕和繁荣 但是这种增长并没有一直带来我们所需要的
Unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; prosperity:n.繁荣,成功;
H.L. Mencken once said that, "to every complex problem, there is a simple solution and it's wrong." 门肯曾经说过,“每一个复杂的问题, 都有一个简单的解“,但这是错的。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
But I'm not saying growth is wrong, but it's very striking throughout the years of growth, many things didn't get better. 我并不是说增长是错误的, 但是值得注意的是经过这么多年的增长, 许多事情并没有好转。
throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
Rates of depression carried on up, right across the Western world. 在整个西方世界,抑郁症的比例在不断上升。
depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
If you look at America, the proportion of Americans with no one to talk to about important things went up from a tenth to a quarter. 看一下美国,美国人中 无人可以谈心的人口比例 从十分之一增长到了四分之一
proportion:n.比例;部分;份额;均衡;v.摊派;使相称;
We commuted longer to work, but as you can see from this graph, the longer you commute the less happy you're likely to be. 我们花更多时间在上下班的路上,但从这个图中你会看到, 在路上花的时间越长,你就有可能越不快乐
commuted:v.上下班往返,经常往返(于两地);减刑;代偿;(commute的过去分词和过去式)
And it became ever clearer that economic growth doesn't automatically translate into social growth, or human growth. 更清晰的一点是经济进步 并不能自动转化为社会进步或者人类进步。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的; translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变;
We're now at another moment when another wave of teenagers are entering a cruel job market. 我们现在正处在另一个时刻、 又一拨青少年正在进入这个残酷的就业市场
There will be a million unemployed young people here by the end of the year. 到今年底,这里会有一百万的 年轻失业人口。
unemployed:adj.失业的;下岗的;n.(集合词)失业者;
Thousands losing their jobs everyday in America. 而在美国每天都有数千人失去他们的工作
We've got to do whatever we can to help them, but we've also got to ask, I think, a more profound question of whether we use this crisis to jump forward 我们必须极尽所能去帮助他们 但我们也必须问这样一个问题,我想,一个更深刻的问题 我们是否能利用这次危机向前跳跃
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
to a different kind of economy that's more suited to human needs, to a better balance of economy and society. 到一个不同的,更适合人类需要的经济制度, 达到经济和社会的更和谐状态。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
And I think one of the lessons of history is that even the deepest crises can be moments of opportunity. 我认为历史的重要一课就是, 即使最深的危机也能带来机遇
crises:n.危机,紧要关头;危险期(crisis的复数形式);
They bring ideas from the margins into the mainstream . 它们把边缘的想法带入主流
margins:n.边缘; v.给…镶边; (margin的复数) mainstream:n.主流;
They often lead to the acceleration of much needed reforms . 他们往往加速了急需的改革
acceleration:n.加速,促进;[物]加速度; reforms:n.改革(reform的复数);v.改革(reform的单数第三人称);
And you saw that in the Thirties, when the Great Depression paved the way for Bretton Woods, welfare states and so on. 你们看到这在三十年代发生过, 当时的经济大萧条 为布雷顿森林,福利国家等铺平了道路。
paved:v.(用砖石)铺(地);(pave的过去分词和过去式) welfare:n.福祉;(政府给予的)福利;
And I think you can see around us now, some of the green shoots of a very different kind of economy and capitalism which could grow. 你们也可以看到现在在我们周围 一种完全不同的经济制度和资本主义已萌生出绿芽 并可能生长
You can see it in daily life. 你们在日常生活中就能发现这些。
When times are hard, people have to do things for themselves, and right across the world, Oxford, Omaha , Omsk, you can see an extraordinary explosion of urban farming, people taking over land, taking over roofs, turning barges into temporary farms. 当时势艰难,人们不得不为自己做点什么 在全世界,从牛津,奥马哈到鄂木斯克, 你们会发现城市化务农的激增 人们借用土地, 借用房顶 把游艇变作临时农场。
Omaha:n.奥马哈;奥马哈市(美国内布拉斯加州);美国奥马哈族印第安人; explosion:n.爆炸;爆发;激增; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; barges:n.[船]驳船(barge的复数);v.猛撞;用驳船运载(barge的第三人称单数); temporary:adj.暂时的,临时的;n.临时工,临时雇员;
And I'm a very small part of this. 我本人也是其中之一。
I have 60,000 of these things in my garden. 在我的花园里我养了六万只这个家伙。
A few of these. This is Atilla the hen. 还有一些这个。这是母鸡Atilla。
And I'm a very small part of a very large movement, which for some people is about survival , but is also about values, about a different kind of economy, which isn't so much about consumption and credit, but about things which matter to us. 我只是这巨大运动的一小份子, 对某些人来说是为了生存 但同时它也涉及到价值观,涉及到不同类型的经济, 它并不是那么关系到消费和信用 而是关系到对我们真正重要的事。
survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨;
And everywhere too you can see a proliferation of time banks and parallel currencies , people using smart technologies to link up all the resources freed up by the market, people, buildings, land and linking them to whoever has got the most compelling needs. 到处你们可以看到时间银行 和并行货币的激增, 人们运用高科技联系起 各种被市场,人,楼房和土地解放的资源 把它们和有最强烈需求的人联系起来。
proliferation:n.增殖,扩散;分芽繁殖; parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等); currencies:n.货币;货币流通(currency的复数); technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); whoever:任何人:无论是谁: compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词)
There's a similar story, I think, for governments. 这里有个类似的故事,关于政府的,
Ronald Reagan, again, said the two funniest sentences in the English language are, "I'm from the government. And I'm here to help." 又是里根总统,他说在英语里 最滑稽的两句话是, “我是政府的。我来这儿帮助你们。”
But I think last year when governments did step in, people were quite glad that they were there, that they did act. 不过去年当政府真的介入, 人们还是很高兴有政府在,并且他们有所行动。
But now, a few months on, however good politicians are at swallowing frogs without pulling a face, as someone once put it, they can't hide their uncertainty . 但是现在,几个月后, 再好的政治家都像在活吞青蛙 还不能拉着脸,像某些人形容的那样, 他们隐藏不了心中的无把握。
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) swallowing:v.吞下;咽下;做吞咽动作;吞没;侵吞;(swallow的现在分词) uncertainty:n.不确定,不可靠;
Because it's already clear how much of the enormous amount of money they put into the economy, really went to fixing the past, bailing out the banks, the car companies, not preparing us for the future. 因为已经很明显 他们投入到经济中的大量资金,无论多少 都只是在修补过去,帮助那些银行和汽车公司脱离困境, 而不是为将来做好准备。
bailing:n.排水;提捞;
How much of the money is going into concrete and boosting consumption, not into solving the really profound problems we have to solve. 到底有多少钱投入到了具体的消费增长中, 而不是用来去解决我们必须解决的真正严重的问题
concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖 boosting:n.助推,局部通风;升压加力;v.推进(boost的现在分词形式);
And everywhere, as people think about unprecedented sums which are being spent of our money and our children's money, now, in the depth of this crisis, they're asking: 到处,当人们想到那些空前的巨额资金 那些被花掉的我们的钱,我们孩子的钱 现在,在这个危机深处,他们在问:
Surely, we should be using with a longer term vision to accelerate the shift to a green economy, to prepare for aging, to deal with some of the inequalities 想必,我们应该用更长远的眼光 来加速朝绿色经济的转变 来为衰老做好准备,来对付有些不平等
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; accelerate:v.加快;加速;n.接受速成教育的学生; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; inequalities:n.[数]不等式;不均等,不平衡;不平坦(inequality的复数形式);
which scar countries like this and the United States rather than just giving the money to the incumbents ? 这些不平等给这个国家还有美国留下了伤疤 而不只是把钱都给现任者?
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) incumbents:在位者(incumbent的名词复数);
Surely, we should be giving the money to entrepreneurs , to civil society, for people able to create the new, not to the big, well-connected companies, big, clunky government programs. 想必,我们应该把钱给企业家,给公民社会 使人们能够创新 而不是把钱给大的,关系好的公司, 和庞大的笨重的政府项目。
entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数) well-connected:adj.有好亲戚的;出身名门的;血统关系好的;精心构思的; clunky:adj.沉重的;影响不好的;
And, after all this, the great Chinese sage Lao Tzu said, "Governing a great country is like cooking a small fish. 总而言之,中国伟大的哲人老子说过, “治大国如烹小鲜。
sage:n.圣人;贤人;哲人;adj.明智的;贤明的;审慎的;
Don't overdo it." 不要做过头。
overdo:v.做得过分;使过于疲劳;表演过火;夸张;
And I think more and more people are also asking: 我觉得越来越多人还在问:
Why boost consumption, rather than change what we consume ? 为什么刺激消费,而不是改变一下我们所消费的？
consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁;
Like the mayor of S?o Paulo who's banned advertising billboards , or the many cities like San Francisco putting in infrastructures for electric cars. 就像圣保罗的市长,他取缔了广告牌 还有许多其他城市,像旧金山 进行了电动汽车基础设施的建设
mayor:n.市长;镇长; banned:v.明令禁止;取缔;禁止(某人)做某事;(ban的过去分词和过去式) advertising:n.做广告;广告业;广告活动;v.做广告;(advertise的现在分词) billboards:n.(大幅)广告牌;v.宣传;(billboard的第三人称单数和复数) infrastructures:n.[建]基础设施;下部构造;基本建设(infrastructure的复数); electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的;
You can see a bit of the same thing happening in the business world. 你能看到在商业社会里零星的同样的事情在发生
Some, I think some of the bankers who have appear to have learned nothing and forgotten nothing. 有一些,我觉得有一些银行家 好像什么都没有学到,也什么都没忘掉
But ask yourselves: What will be the biggest sectors of the economy in 10, 20, 30 years time? It won't be the ones lining up for handouts like cars and aerospace and so on. 但是问一下你们自己:经济中最大的领域将会是什么 在10,20,30年后？不会是排队等着领救济品的行业 比如汽车,航空航天工业,等等。
sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形; handouts:n.讲义;宣传册子,宣传品(handout的复数形式); aerospace:n.航空宇宙;[航]航空航天空间;
The biggest sector, by far, will be health -- already 18 percent of the American economy, predicted to grow to 30 even 40 percent by mid-century . 最大的领域,从目前来看,会是健康- 已占美国经济的百分之十八 预计到本世纪中会增长到百分之三十,甚至四十。
predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式) mid-century:世纪中叶;
Elder care, child care, already much bigger employers than cars. 老年人护理,儿童护理已经比汽车行业多雇佣很多人
employers:n.雇主;雇用者;(employer的复数)
Education, six, seven, eight percent of the economy and growing. 教育,占经济的百分之六,七,八,会持续增长
Environmental services, energy services, the myriad of green jobs, they're all pointing to a very different kind of economy which isn't just about products, but is using distributed networks 环境服务,能源服务,各式各样的绿色工作 它们都指向了一个非常不同的经济形式 这种经济形式不只是关于产品,而是要利用分散式网络
myriad:adj.无数的;种种的;n.无数,极大数量;无数的人或物; distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式)
and it's founded above all on care, on relationships, on what people do to other people, often one to one, rather than simply selling them a product. 并且它首先是建立在关怀和关系之上 建立在人们对他人的服务之上,而且经常是一对一的服务 而不是简单的卖给他们商品
And I think that what connects the challenge for civil society, the challenge for governments and the challenge for business now is in a way a very simple one, but quite a difficult one. 还有,我认为,现在把对公民社会的挑战 对政府的挑战和对商业的挑战联系起来的 是从某方面来说非常简单的,但也是非常困难的一种东西。
We know our societies have to radically change. 我们知道我们的社会必须从根本上改变
radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式;
We know we can't go back to where we were before the crisis. 我们知道我们不能再回到危机之前
But we also know it's only through experiment that we'll discover exactly how to run a low carbon city, how to care for a much older population, how to deal with drug addiction and so on. 但同时我们也知道只有通过实验 我们才会发现怎样运行一个低碳的城市, 怎样照料更大的老龄化人口, 怎样解决吸毒问题,等等。
carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷;
And here's the problem. 这里还有个问题。
In science, we do experiments systematically . 在科学领域,我们系统的做实验
systematically:adv.有系统地;有组织地;
Our societies now spend two, three, four percent of GDP to invest systematically in new discovery, in science, in technology , to fuel the pipeline of brilliant inventions which illuminate gatherings like this. 我们的社会现在会花GDP的百分之二,三,四 系统地投资新发现,投资科学和技术 为杰出发明的输油管道加油 照亮像我们这样的聚会
invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; illuminate:照明;照亮;照射;解释;使容光焕发; gatherings:n.聚会;集会;收集;采集;(gathering的复数)
It's not that our scientists are necessarily much smarter than they were a hundred years ago, maybe they are, but they have a hell of a lot more backing than they ever did. 并不是我们的科学家一定 比一百年前的更加聪明,他们也许是的, 但他们以前从没有过这么多的支持
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
And what's striking though, is that in society there's almost nothing color="Black"> comparable , no comparable investment, no systematic experiment color="Black"> in the th ings capitalism isn't very good at, like compassion, or empathy, or relations color="Black"> hips, or c are. 不过打击人的是, 在社会里我们几乎没什么可以拿来比较的, 没有可比较的投资, 在资本主义不擅长事情上,比如热情,或者同情,或者关心, 或者关怀上没有过系统的实验。
Now, I didn't really understand that until I met this guy who was then an 80-year-old, slightly shambolic man who lived on tomato soup and thought ironing was very overrated . 直到我碰到这个人我才真正了解这些 这个人那时80岁,是个有点散漫的人 靠喝罗宋汤过活,并且认为人们太把熨烫衣服平整当回事
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; shambolic:adj.大混乱的;无组织的; overrated:v.对…评价过高;高估;(overrate的过去分词和过去式)
He had helped shape Britain's post-war institutions , its welfare state , its economy, but sort of reinvented himself as a social entrepreneur, became an inventor of many, many different organizations . 他帮助重塑了英国的战后机构, 它的福利状况,它的经济制度, 但是在某种程度上也重塑了他自己,作为一个社会企业家 成为非常多的不同组织的创造者。
post-war:adj.战后的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) welfare state:n.福利制度(由政府向有需要的人提供各种免费服务,如医疗、失业救济金、对老人的照顾等); reinvented:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;(reinvent的过去分词和过去式) organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
Some famous ones like the Open University which has 110,000 students, the University of the Third Age which has nearly half a million older people teaching other older people, 有一些非常有名,比如开放大学（Open University）,有110,000个学生, 老年大学有将近50万老年人 教另外一些老年人,
Open University:开放大学;函授大学;
as well as strange things like DIY garages and language lines and schools for social entrepreneurs. 还有一些新奇的像在车库里DIY, 电话教授语言 还有培养社会企业家的学校。
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; garages:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;vt.把…送入车库;
And he ended his life selling companies to venture capitalists . 他在生命结束之际把他的公司卖给了风投
venture:v.敢于;冒险;投机;n.企业;风险;冒险; capitalists:n.资本家(capitalist的复数);
He believed if you see a problem, you shouldn't tell someone to act, you should act on it yourself, and he lived long enough and saw enough of his ideas first scorned and then succeed, that he said you should always take no as a question and not as an answer. 他相信如果你发现一个问题,你不应该告诉别人去行动, 你应该自己行动起来,他活得足够长 看到了足够多的自己的想法先是被嘲笑后来被实现。 他说你应该把“不”当成一个问题,而不是一个答案。
scorned:v.嘲笑(scorn的过去分词);轻蔑;adj.鄙视的;轻蔑的;
And his life was a systematic experiment to find better social answers, not from a theory, but from experiment, and experiment involving the people with the best intelligence on social needs, which were usually the people living with those needs. 他的一生就是一个寻找更好社会答案的系统实验 不是从一个理论中寻找,而是从实验中寻找,这些实验是涉及到对 社会需求最有智慧的人的实验, 这些人通常是有那些有那样需求的人。
involving:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;(involve的现在分词) intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
And he believed we live with others, we share the world with others and therefore our innovation must be done with others too, not doing things at people, for them, and so on. 他还相信我们和他人一起生活,我们和他人分享世界 因此我们的创新也必须 和 他人一起实现, 而不是 对 他人, 为 他人做什么,等等。
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
Now, what he did didn't used to have a name, but I think it's rapidly becoming quite mainstream. 他所做的曾经默默无名, 但我觉得它正在很快地成为主流。
It's what we do in the organization named after him where we try and invent, create, launch new ventures , whether it's schools, web companies, health organizations and so on. 我们在以他名字命名的机构中做的就是这样的事, 在那里我们尝试,发明,创新,从事新的项目, 不管是学校,网络公司还是健康机构,等等。
launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; ventures:n.合资企业(venture的复数); v.敢尝试,冒险一试(venture的第三人称单数);
And we find ourselves part of a very rapidly growing global movement of institutions working on social innovation, using ideas from design or technology or community organizing 我们发现我们是这些机构飞速发展的全球运动的一部分, 这些机构致力于社会创新 利用设计,科技,或社区团体的想法
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; organizing:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;(organize的现在分词)
to develop the germs of a future world, but through practice and through demonstration and not through theory. 孕育出未来世界的幼芽,但是是通过实践,通过论证 而不是通过理论。
germs:n.[微]细菌; v.发生(germ的单三形式); demonstration:n.示范;演示;论证;证明;
And they're spreading from Korea to Brazil to India to the U.S.A. 它们从韩国传播到巴西,到印度,到美国,
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
and across Europe. 传遍欧洲。
And they've been given new momentum by the crisis, by the need for better answers to joblessness , community breakdown and so on. 危机给了它们新的动力,还有对解决诸如失业,社区失效等问题 的需求也给了它们新的动力
momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力; joblessness:n.失业;无活可干(jobless的名词形式); breakdown:n.分解;损坏;分类;(关系)破裂;adj.专门修理故障的;
Some of the ideas are strange. 有些想法很新奇。
These are complaints choirs . 这些是抱怨合唱班。
complaints:n.不满;抱怨;投诉;控告;(complaint的复数) choirs:n.唱诗班(choir的复数形式);合唱队;
People come together to sing about the things that really bug them. 人们聚到一起来歌唱真正使他们烦恼的东西。
bug:n.臭虫,小虫;故障;窃听器;v.烦扰,打扰;装窃听器;
(Laughter) (笑声）
Others are much more pragmatic , health coaches, learning mentals, job clubs. 还有一些更加实际的,像健康教练,学习辅导员,工作俱乐部。
pragmatic:adj.实际的;实用主义的;国事的;
And some are quite structural like social impact bonds where you raise money to invest in diverting teenagers from crime or helping old people keep out of hospital, and you get paid back according to how successful your projects are. 还有一些是非常结构性的, 像社会影响债券 你筹钱投资让年轻人远离犯罪 或者帮助老年人远离医院, 根据你的项目有多成功,你来收取回报
structural:adj.结构的;建筑的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; diverting:adj.有趣的;令人快乐的;v.使转移;使得到消遣(divert的现在分词); according to:根据,据说;
Now, the idea that all of this represents , 现在,所有这些代表了一种观点
represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数)
I think, is rapidly becoming a common sense and part of how we respond to the crisis, recognizing the need to invest in innovation for social progress as well as technological progress. 我认为已经很快变成了一种常识 和我们如何应对危机的一部分 就是意识到有这种投资需求,要投资在使社会进步的创新上 和使科技进步的创新上。
common sense:adj.常识的;有生活经验得来的; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; recognizing:v.认识;认出;承认;接受,赞成(recognize的现在分词) technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的;
There were big health innovation funds launched earlier this year in this country as well as a public service innovation lab. 大笔健康创新资金 在今年早些时候在这个国家投入使用 还有一个公共服务创新实验室
funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金; launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) public service:n.公共事业;公营事业;公益事业(或服务);政府;
Across northern Europe many governments now have innovation laboratories within them. 在整个北欧,许多政府 现在在国内都有了创新实验室
laboratories:n.实验室;(laboratory的复数)
And just a few months ago, president Obama launched the Office of Social Innovation in the White House . 就在几个月前,美国总统奥巴马 在白宫启动了社会创新办公室
White House:n.白宫(美国总统官邸,位于首都华盛顿);
And what people are beginning to ask is: 人们开始问这样的问题:
Surely, just as we invest in in R and D, two, three, four percent, of our GDP, of our economy, what if we put, let's say, one percent of public spending 想必,就像我们用经济的,GDP的百分之二,三,四 投资于研发, 如果我们可以把公共消费的百分之一
what if:如果…怎么办?
into social innovation, into elder care, no kinds of education, new ways of helping the disabled? 投入到社会创新中去,投入到老年护理,和各种教育中 还有帮助残疾人的新的途径中去,会发生什么？
Perhaps, we'd achieve similar productivity gains in society to those we've had in the economy and in technology. 也许,我们能获得的社会生产力收益 和我们投入到经济和科技中得到的收益差不多
productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力;
And if a generation or two ago, the big challenges were ones like getting a man on the moon, perhaps the challenges we need to set ourselves now are ones like eliminating child malnutrition , stopping trafficking, 如果说一两代人以前,巨大的挑战 是把人送上月球 那可能现在我们需要应对的挑战 就是消除儿童营养失调,人口买卖
eliminating:v.排除;清除;消除;淘汰;(eliminate的现在分词) malnutrition:n.营养失调,营养不良;
or one, I think closer to home for America or Europe, why don't we set ourselves the goal of achieving a billion extra years of life for today's citizens. 或者是一个对美国或对欧洲来说离家近一点的挑战, 我们为什么不为自己制定这样一个目标 为今天的公民多赢得十亿年的寿命
Now those are all goals which could be achieved within a decade, but only with radical and systematic experiment, not just with technologies, but also with lifestyles and culture and policies and institutions too. 这些都是十年内可以实现的目标 但都必须经过根本上的系统性的实验, 不只是利用科技,还要用生活方式和文化 还有政策和机构来实现
lifestyles:n.生活方式(lifestyle的复数); policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
Now, I want to end by saying a little bit about what I think this means for capitalism. 最后,作为结束语,我想稍微谈一下这对资本主义的意义。
I think what this is all about, this whole movement which is growing from the margins, remains quite small. 我认为这场运动 从边缘开始的运动,仍然很小。
Nothing like the resources of a CERN or a DARPA or an IBM or a Dupont . 它不像欧洲核组织,国防先进研究计划局,IBM或者杜邦那样资源丰富?
Dupont:n.杜邦,杜邦公司;
What it's telling us is that capitalism is going to become more social. 它告诉我们资本主义将变得更加社会化。
It's already immersed in social networks. 它已经扎根于社会网络中。
immersed:adj.沉入的; v.浸没; (immerse的过去分词和过去式)
It will become become more involved in social investment and social care and in industries where the value comes from what you do with others, not just from what you sell to them, and from relationships, as well as from consumption. 它将会更多参与社会投资和社会护理 参与到这样一些行业,它的价值体现在你和他人一起做了什么, 而不是你卖给他们什么商品, 体现在消费也体现在人们的关系上。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
But interestingly too, it implies a future where society learns a few tricks from capitalism about how you embed the DNA of restless continual innovation into society, trying things out and then growing and scaling the ones that work. 有趣的是,它暗示了这样一种未来,社会从资本主义中学习到一些窍门 有关如何把持续创新的DNA根植于 社会,尝试新的东西,然后发展壮大那些有效的。
interestingly:adv.有趣地; implies:v.意味着(imply的第三人称单数);蕴含;暗指; embed:vt.栽种;使嵌入,使插入;使深留脑中; restless:adj.焦躁不安的;不安宁的;得不到满足的; continual:adj.持续不断的;频繁的; scaling:n.缩放比例; v.剥落;
Now, I think this future will be quite surprising to many people. 我认为这样的未来对很多人来说都是令人惊奇的。
In recent years, a lot of intelligent people thought that capitalism had basically won. 近些年来,一大批聪明人认为资本主义基本上赢了。
intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
History was over and society would inevitably have to take second place to economy. 历史结束了, 社会不可避免地在经济后屈居二位。
inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地;
But I've been struck with a parallel in how people often talk about capitalism today and how they talked about the monarchy 200 years ago, just after the French Revolution and the restoration of the monarchy in France. 但是今天听到人们如何经常谈论资本主义, 谈论200年前的君主制 在法国大革命和君主制在法国复辟后 我还是被他们类似的观点击倒了。
monarchy:n.君主政体;君主国;君主政治; Revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环; restoration:n.恢复;复位;王政复辟;归还;
Then, people said monarchy dominated everywhere because it was rooted in human nature . 当时,人们说君主制统治了所有地方 因为它是根生在人性里的。
dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词) human nature:n.人性;
We were naturally deferential . We needed hierarchy . 我们天生是顺从的。我们需要阶层统治。
naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; deferential:adj.恭敬的;惯于顺从的; hierarchy:n.层级;等级制度;
Just as today, the enthusiasts of unrestrained capitalism say it's rooted in human nature, only now it's individualism , inquisitiveness , and so on. 就像今天,那些热衷于完全自由的资本主义的人 说的资本主义根植于人性中。 只是现在是个人主义,爱打听别人隐私,等等。
enthusiasts:热心人;热衷者;狂热者(enthusiast的复数); unrestrained:adj.自然的;无限制的;放纵的; individualism:n.个人主义;利己主义;个人特征; inquisitiveness:n.好奇;爱打听别人隐私;
Then monarchy had seen off its big challenger, mass democracy , which was seen as well-intentioned , but doomed experiment. 后来君主制打败了它的挑战者,大众民主,? 大众民主被认为是善意的,但是注定会失败的实验
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; well-intentioned:adj.好意的,好心的;出于善意的; doomed:adj.注定的;命定的;v.使…注定失败(doom的过去分词和过去式)
Just as capitalism has seen off socialism . 就像现在资本主义打败了社会主义。
socialism:n.社会主义;
Even Fidel Castro now says that the only thing worse than being exploited by multinational capitalism is not being exploited by multinational capitalism. 甚至卡斯特罗现在也说,只有一件事 被比跨国资本主义剥削还要坏 那就是不被跨国资本主义剥削。
exploited:v.剥削;压榨;运用;利用;发挥(exploit的过去分词和过去式) multinational:adj.跨国公司的;多国的;n.跨国公司;
And whereas then monarchies , palaces and forts dominated every city skyline and looked permanent and confident , today it's the gleaming towers of the banks which dominate every big city. 尽管当时君主制,宫殿,堡垒战领了每一个城市的地平线, 而且看上去永久和自信, 但今天却是银行大楼的闪亮塔尖占领了每一个大城市。
whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; monarchies:君主制;王室;君主国; forts:n.堡垒,[军]要塞(fort的复数);v.筑堡垒(fort的三单形式); skyline:n.地平线;空中轮廓线;架空索;vt.天空映衬出…的轮廓; permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发; confident:adj.自信的;确信的; gleaming:adj.闪耀的;明亮的;v.发微光;隐约闪光;闪烁;(gleam的现在分词)
I'm not suggesting the crowds are about to storm the barracades and string up every investment banker from the nearest lamppost , though that might be quite tempting . 我不是建议人群去冲击街垒 并且在最近的路灯柱上吊死每一个投资银行家, 尽管那听上去确实蛮诱人的。
are about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将; string:n.字符串; v.悬挂; adj.由弦乐器组成的; lamppost:n.街灯柱;路灯柱; tempting:adj.吸引人的;诱惑人的;v.引诱;(tempt的现在分词);
But I do think we're on the verge of a period when, just as happened to the monarchy, and interestingly the military too, the central position of finance capital is going to come to an end , 但我真的认为我们正处在一个时代的边上, 就像发生在君主制,还有军事上一样, 当金融资本的中心位置将要结束,
on the verge of:濒临于;接近于; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; come to an end:v.结束;
and it's going to steadily move to the sides, the margins of our society, transformed from being a master into a servant, a servant to the productive economy and of human needs. 它将会逐步移到边上,移向社会的边缘, 从主人变成仆人, 一个服务于生产性经济和人类需要的仆人。
steadily:adv.稳定地;稳固地;有规则地; transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的;
And as that happens, we will remember something very simple and obvious about capitalism, which is that, unlike what you read in economics textbooks, it's not a self-sufficient system. 当那发生时, 我们会想起一些有关资本主义的简单而又明显的事实, 就是,并不像你在经济教科书中读到的, 它并不是一个自给自足的系统。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; self-sufficient:adj.自给自足的;极为自负的;过于自信的;
It depends on other systems, on ecology, on family, on community, and if these aren't replenished , capitalism suffers too. 它依靠于其他系统, 依靠生态学,依靠家庭,依靠社区, 当这些都没有补足,资本主义也会变糟。
replenished:adj.装满的;充满的;v.重新装满;添加;充注精力(replenish的过去分词);
And our human nature isn't just selfish, it's also compassionate . 我们的人性中并不只有自私,它还有同情心。
compassionate:adj.慈悲的;富于同情心的;vt.同情;怜悯;
It's not just competitive , it's also caring. 不光有竞争,还有关怀。
competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的;
Because of the depth of the crisis, I think we are at a moment of choice. 因为这次危机之深,我们处在一个选择的时刻。
The crisis is almost certainly deepening around us. 危机几乎在我们周围不断深化。
deepening:n.加深,延深;向下侵蚀;v.使深化;加深(deepen的现在分词);
It will be worse at the end of this year, quite possibly worse in a year's time than it is today. 到今年年底将更糟, 很有可能一年后更加糟糕。
But this is one of those very rare moments when we have to choose whether we're just pedaling furiously to get back to where we were a year or two ago, and a very narrow idea of what the economy is for, 但是这也是那种稀有时刻之一 当我们必须选择是愤怒地踏步 回到我们一年或两年前 对经济到底是为什么服务有一个很狭隘的想法
pedaling:vi.踩踏板; n.踏板; vt.骑(自行车); adj.脚的; furiously:adv.猛烈地;狂暴地; narrow:adj.狭窄的; v.使窄小; n.峡谷; (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分;
or whether this is a moment to jump ahead, to reboot and to do some of the things we probably should have been doing anyway. 还是这是一个向前跳跃的时刻,重新启动 做一些我们很可能原来就应该做的事情。
reboot:vt.重新启动;再发动;n.重新启动;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）